常用动词(词组)用法区别

初中英语语法知识汇编

常用动词（词组）用法区别许多动词或动词词组的意义相同或相近，但用法却往往不同。要弄清其意义和区别，需考虑词语自身的用法、词与词的关联和限制以及句子结构对词语使用时的限制等多方面因素进行考虑。初中英语中常用动词（短语）的区别主要应考虑以下几个方面：

1. 及物和不及物的区别

2. 动作和状态的区别以及瞬间和延续的区别

3. 感官动词的有意识和无意识的区别

4. 过程和结果的区别

5. 词与词的搭配和限制

6. 句子结构对词语使用时的限制

词语辨析

1、see; look; watch; read

几个“看”的区别：主要考虑有意识和无意识的区别以及所“看”事物的不同

see：无意识感官动词（非目的性动作），及物动词（其后必须带上宾语句子意义才完整），说明“看”的能力，用于一般现在时，常同情态动词连用。

e.g We can see a map of China on the back wall of our classroom.

I saw Mr. Black when I was walking on the street yesterday.

look：有意识感官动词（带有目的性的动作），不及物动词（不需带宾语句子意义已完整），带宾语时，需加介词at，用于表示“看着”一个相对静止的事物。

e.g Please look at the blackboard carefully.

He looked around but saw nothing.

watch：有意识感官动词，及物动词，用于表示“观看”一个运动着的事物。

e.g I’m going to watch a football match tomorrow afterno on.

He stayed at home and watched TV last Sunday.

read：有意识感官动词，及物或不及物动词，用于表示“读”文字类的事物。

e.g Look! The students are reading English in the classroom.

The teacher asked the boy to read in the classroom.

2、speak; say; tell; talk

几个“说”的区别：在选用几个“说”时，首先看其后是否直接带表人的词语作宾语，如是，使用tell；再看其后是否直接带语言名词作宾语，如是，用speak；然后看其是否同介词with、to、about搭配构成介词词组，如是，则用talk（注：如同介词to连用，其后带表人的词，同时带有直接引语时，有say）；非上述情况，都用say。

speak：表示“说话”的能力，不及物动词，但可带语言类名词作宾语。

e.g Listen! The little baby can speak now.

He is from Australia. He speaks English.

say：表示组织语言“诉说”，及物动词，但不能带语言名词作宾语，带表人的词作宾语时，应先加介词to（此时常带有直接引语）。

e.g A two-year-old baby can speak, but can’t say.

What would you say at the meeting?

He said to me, “You have to hand in your exercise book before lunch.”

tell：表示“讲述；告诉”，及物动词，要求带双宾语（表人宾语+ 表物宾语）或复合宾语（宾语+ 宾补），通常都带有表人的词语（注：同joke、story、lie连用时，可不带表人的词语；另注意短语tell (s.b) something about s.th）。

e.g The teacher told the students not to swim in the river.

Hi, Jim! I’ll tell you the news in a second.

John is very funny. He likes to tell jokes.

talk：表示“谈话、交谈”，不及物动词，需同介词with、to、about连用，才能带宾语。

e.g Mike, could I talk with you about your study?

They are talking about the new movie.

3、hear; listen; sound

几个“听”的区别：主要考虑有意识和无意识的区别以及是否用作联系动词。

hear：无意识感官动词，及物动词

e.g I heard someone crying for help just now.

listen：有意识感官动词，不及物动词，带宾语时，需加介词to。

e.g The teacher is talking while the students were listening.

He listened carefully but heard nothing.

I like to listen to soft music.

sound：联系动词，其后必须带上形容词作表语（可同介词like一起构成短语，其后带名词）。

e.g The music sounds really beautiful.

This piece of music sounds like the singing of the birds.

4、look for; find; find out; look up