2习题参考答案

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新概念2课后习题答案

新概念2课后习题答案

新概念2课后习题答案1.This XXX!2.What a surprise this is!3.He'XXX.4.They are such wonderful actors!5.She works so hard.6.That building is incredibly tall.7.That film is just terrible.8.You're such a clever boy!9.She's such a pretty girl.10.He'XXX.多项选择题1.c)2.d)3.c)4.c)5.a)6.b)7.b)第三课P21练B。

参照课文原文8.a) XXX.9.d) He gave me the prize.10.c) XXX.C。

died。

left。

spent。

bought。

went。

stayed。

listened。

lent。

kept。

lostP22难点练答案1.He gave some money to the XXX.2.He passed the prize over to me.3.XXX.4.He sold me all of his books.5.XXX.6.He did me a big favor.7.XXX.8.She promised to give a reward to the person who found it.9.He gave his son some advice.10.His uncle left him some money.11.He'XXX.12.XXX.1.Could you bring me that book。

please?2.XXX.3.Can you read the first paragraph to me?4.I have XXX.5.I owe him a lot of money.6.Can you pass the mustard to your father?XXX 23:1.c2.a3.c4.a5.d6.b7.c8.c9.b10.a11.b12.bXXX 25:A.1.I just had breakfast.2.He has been imprisoned for six months.3.The thief has not been caught yet by the police.4.You have asked that XXX already.5.Have you ever been to Switzerland?6.I have never been to Switzerland.7.XXX.8.I XXX.C.1.He has just left the house.2.He just had breakfast.3.She just XXX.4.My sister just turned on the。

《树木学》习题2—祼子植物 - 参考答案

《树木学》习题2—祼子植物 - 参考答案

《树木学》习题2—裸子植物(参考答案)学院年级专业班级学号姓名成绩一、名词解释:1.球花:裸子植物的繁殖器官,即孢子叶球,单性,分雌球花和雄球花,大多由小(大)孢子叶(即雄蕊或珠鳞)按一定次序排在中轴上构成。

2.珠鳞:祼子植物雌球花上着生胚珠的鳞片,即有生殖能力的大孢子叶,与苞鳞成对生长,常较大而厚,最后发育为球果的种鳞,有些不发育。

3.苞鳞:祼子植物雌球花上不长胚珠的鳞片,被认为是无生殖能力的大孢子叶,与珠鳞成对生长,常较小而薄,发育或不发育。

4.球果:裸子植物的繁殖器官,由雌球花发育形成,主要由中轴及按一定次序排列的种鳞构成,木质或肉质,种鳞宿存或脱落。

5.种鳞:裸子植物球果上着生种子的鳞片,按一定次序排列在中轴上构成球果,由珠鳞发育形成,木质或肉质,扁平或盾状。

6.鳞盾:一些裸子植物球果的种鳞在球果中上部露出的部分,其与下部被覆盖的部分有明显分界线,常较为肥厚,且具鳞脐、鳞脊等构造。

7.珠座:银杏科植物的雌球花具一长梗,顶端分二叉,其上各长一枚胚珠,胚球着生的部位即珠座,呈盘状。

8.套被:罗汉松科植物的雌球花中,胚珠为一呈杯状或囊状的结构包被,即为套被,被认为是大孢子叶的变态,最终发育为种子的假种皮。

二、填空题:1.祼子植物发生于三亿年前的古生代泥盆纪,现代不少裸子植物出现于新生代第三纪,经第四纪冰川残留下来,称为孑遗植物。

2.裸子植物中,仅具1种的科是银杏科,整个科均引自澳大利亚的是南洋杉科。

3.写出下列树种的学名:马尾松Pinus massoniana、福建柏Fokienia hodginsii,写出下列树种的中名:Cunninghamia lanceolata杉木、T axus walliciana var. mairei南方红豆杉。

4.“世界五大公园树”是指:南洋杉、金钱松、雪松、日本金松和北美红杉。

5.银杏叶形为扇形,雌球花具一长柄,顶端分二叉,叉顶各长一盘状珠座,其上长胚珠。

6.松科不少种类是荒山造林先锋树种,主要由于其具有如下生态学特性:喜光和耐干瘠。

新模式英语2习题册答案

新模式英语2习题册答案

新模式英语2习题册答案新模式英语2练习册参考答案Pre-Unit: Welcome to Our Class (p. P 2) Challenge 1: 一般现在时: Be (p. P2)C.Answers will vary.E.Answers will vary.F.1. am; I’m2. are; They’re3. are; We’re4. is; He’s5. are; They’re6. is; She’s7. are; You’re8. is; It’sG1. d.2. c.3. e.4. b.5. a.H.1.She’s tired. She needs some rest.2.They’re nervous. They have a test today.3.We’re happy. We have a new baby!4.He’s hungry. He wants a hamburger.5.I’m sad. I have no friends.I.Answers will vary.Challenge 2: 所有格形容词(p. P4)B.Name: Smith, JonathonPhone: (714) 555-8989Birth Date: March 3, 1978Street Address: 2356 Orchard Lane City: Pine CityState: CAZip Code: 90638Exercise D.1.My2.Their3.Your4.Our5.His6.His7.ItsE.1. His address is 2274 W. Bayside Dr.2. Their school is Lincoln Adult School.3. Her birth date is June 5, 1975.4. Their state is California. (Note: CA = California)5. His last name is Nakamura.6. ourF.Answers will vary.Challenge 3: Can的问句 (p. P6)C.Answers will vary.E.1.Can you spell that?2.Can you say that again?3.Can you repeat that?4.Can you speak louder?5.Can you help me?6.Can you speak slower?7.Can you teach me English?8.Can you open the door?9.Can you write it?F.1. c.2. e.3. b.新模式英语2习题册答案4. d.5. a.G.Answers will vary.Sample answers:Student A: Can you help me with a problem? Student B: Sure.Student A: Can you help me spell certain words? Student B: OK.Unit 1 Everyday Life (p. 2)Challenge 1: 一般现在时: Live and Be (p. 2)B.Kenji: single, 22 years old, Los AngelesAnya: married, 68 years old, Los Angeles Gilberto: single, 30 years old, Los AngelesMarie: divorced, 32 years old, Los AngelesD.1.lives2.are3.are4.are5.am6.lives7.live8.live9.is10.lives11.is12.am.F.Answers will vary.Sample answers:Anya: Anya is 68 years old. She lives in Los Angeles. She is a student. She is married.Gilberto: Gilberto is a student. He is 30 years old. He is single. He lives in Los Angeles.G.Answers will vary.Challenge 2: 一般现在时: Have (p. 4)B.1.Three2.One3.Four4.Vietnam5.The United States6.NguyenD.1.I have two sisters.2.I don’t have a wife.3.You don’t hav e an aunt in Korea.4.Ken doesn’t have a brother.5.My mother has four sisters.6.You don’t have a niece in Poland.7.Maria doesn’t have a husband.8.We don’t have children.9.Jessica and Kate have a brother.F.Sample answers:1.Martha has three brothers.2.Ned has three sisters.3.Both Martha and Ned have brothers.4.Martha and Ned both have five cousins.5.Martha has three uncles.6.Ned has two brothers.G.Answers will vary.Challenge 3: 形容词的比较级与最高级(p. 6)B.1.Howard is tall.新模式英语2习题册答案2.He has blonde hair and green eyes.3.Sam is average height.4.He has brown hair and brown eyes.5.Kyle is short.6.He has blue eyes and red hair.D.1.taller2.shorter3.heavier4.thinner5.younger6.older7.thinner, taller8.taller, thinnerE.1.John2.Herbert3.Herbert4.Lien5.Jack6.Frank7.MariaF.Answers will vary.G.Answers will vary.Challenge 4: 一般现在时与频率副词(p. 8)B.1. c.2. a.3. a.D.1.Anya wakes up at 6:00 A.M.2.You get up at 7:00 A.M.3.Ivan goes to work at 8:00 A.M.4.They help with the grandchildren.5.We play soccer.6.Ivan works in Los Angeles.7.I go to school.8.Anya takes the children to the beach.E.1.often wakes up2.always works3.sometimes take4.often play5.sometimes works6.rarely get up7.sometimes wakes up8.rarely takeF.1.Kim works every day at 12:30 P.M.2.Kim goes to school on Mondays andWednesdays.3.Kim studies at 9:00 A.M. on Thursdays.4.Kim watches the kids in the mornings onTuesdays and Thursdays.5.Kim takes a break at 9:00 A.M. on Mondayand Wednesday.6. Kim goes to school at 7:00 A.M.G.Answers will vary.Challenge 5: 一般疑问句: Is it? (p. 10)D.1.Is it rainy today?2.Is it snowy in the mountains?3.Is it hot in California today?4.Is it foggy by the ocean every morning5.Is it windy at night?6.Is it cloudy and rainy today?F.1.No, it isn’t.2.Yes, it is.3.Yes, it is.4.Yes, it is.5.No, it isn’t.6.Yes, it is.G.Answers will vary.Sample answers:新模式英语2习题册答案True: It is cloudy today.True: It is windy today.False: It is rainy today.False: It is 90 degrees today.H.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 1: Be的否定句 (p. 12)B.Mario: single; Mexico; short; brown; black Sylvia: single; Peru; average height; brown; blackD.1.am not2.’m not3.’s not4.isn’t5.are not6.aren’t7.’re not8.are not9.is not10.’s notE.1.Mario isn’t from Peru.2.Her name isn’t Maria.3.They aren’t teachers.4.His last name isn’t Ortiz.5.Sylvia isn’t sad in the U.S.6.Mario isn’t tall.7.Sylvia and Mario aren’t married.8.Sylvia isn’t old.F.Answers will vary.Sample answers:1.I’m not a teacher.2. a woman, not a man.3.handsome, he is not ugly.4.nice, They are not mean.Extension Challenge 2: Be的一般疑问句(p. 14)B.1.Yes2.No3.Yes4.No5.No6.YesD.1.Is Kenji from Japan?2.Are Anya and Ivan from Russia?3.Are you from Korea?4.Am I late for class?5.Is Marie from Haiti?6.Are Gilberto and Mario tall?7.Is Mario from Mexico?8.Is Kenji at school?F.1.No, he’s not.2.Yes, they are.3.No, she’s not.4.Yes, they are.5.No, they aren’t.6.No, she’s not.7.Yes, she is.G.Answers will vary.Unit 2 Let’s go Shopping! (p. 16)Challenge 1: 一般现在时的否定式与肯定式(p. 16)B.Summer Clothes: sandalsshortsswimsuitT-shirtjacketWinter Clothes: a scarfbootsa coatsweaterBoth Winter and Summer: dress新模式英语2习题册答案a capsunglassesD.1.doesn’t shop2.doesn’t wear3.don’t need4.don’t buy5.don’t like6.doesn’t need7.don’t shop8.never eat9.don’t want10.don’t workE.1.wear, don’t wear2.likes, doesn’t like3.need, don’t n eed4.wants, doesn’t want5.wear, don’t wearFAnswers will vary.GAnswers will vary.Challenge 2: 形容词的比较级与最高级(p. 18)B.1.$33.592.$111.883.$52.484.$29.97C.1.socks2.shirt3.shorts4.dress5.jacketE.1.cheaper than2.more expensive than3.more expensive than4.more expensive than5.cheapest6.most expensive7.cheaper8.cheaperF.1.socks2.sandals3.pajamas4.shorts5.shirt6.pants7.shoes8.dress9.sweater10.jacketG.1.the jacket2.The jacket and the sweater3.The socks and the sandals4.The jacket5.The socks, sandals6.The shoes, the sweaterH.Answers will vary.Challenge 3: 现在进行时 (p. 20)D.1.ing2.ing3.is4.ing5.are6.are7.are8.is9.ing10.areE.1.Anya is looking for new summer clothes.2.I am buying sandals.3.You are wearing your new blouse.4.Three men are sitting on a bench.新模式英语2习题册答案5.We are not eating at the mall today.6.Duong is going to the shoe store.7.The children are talking to their friends.8.Irina is not buying the blue skirt.9.You are reading a book at the bookstore.10.We are taking the bus home.Challenge 4: Because的用法 (p. 22)B.1.Armstrong Clothing2.Armstrong Clothing3.Fashion Express4.Fashion Express5.Armstrong ClothingC.Answers will vary.E.1. c.2. a.3. b.4. f.5. e.6. d.F.1.I like Armstrong’s because the blouses arecheaper then at fashion express.2.I want the dress because it is long andbeautiful.3.I like the shoes because they are cheap.4.I want the hat because it is perfect with mydress.5.I like the shirt because it has long sleeves.6.I want the plans because they are my size.H.1.Kim likes Sally’s Clothing Store because it hasgood prices.2.She also likes the store because it has goodsales people.3.Kim likes it because it also has a greatselection.4.She likes the shoes because they arecheaper than at the other stores. Challenge 5: 指示形容词: This, That, These和Those (p. 24)E.1.Plural, Far2.Plural, Far3.Singular, Far4.Plural, Near5.Singular, Far6.Plural, Near7.Singular, Near8.Plural, FarF.1.this2.these3.Those4.this5.Those6.Those7.this8.Those9.Those10.theseG.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 1: 一般现在时: 一般疑问句 (p.26)B.Sample answers:1.Lien wears boots in the winter.2.Steve wears a T-shirt in the summer.3.Lien wears a scarf in the winter.4.Steve wears sandals in the summer..D.新模式英语2习题册答案1.Do they cost $45.00?2.Does the price include tax?3.Do you shop at the mall?4.Does Kenji shop at the mall, too?5.Do we want to buy new clothes?6.Do I need more money?7.Does Mr. Lee have a new raincoat?8.Does Sylvia wear sandals every day?E.1.Yes, I do.2.No, it doesn’t.3.Yes, it does.4.No, they don’t.5.No, we don’t.6.Yes, it does.7.Yes, you do.8.No, she doesn’t.9.No, I don’t.10.Yes, she does.G.Answers will vary..Extension Challenge 2: 现在进行时:一般疑问句 (p.28)D.1.Are Anna and Ivan buying summer clothes?2.Are you buying the blue pants or the redpants?3.Am I buying the dress with a coupon?4.Is Teresa buying the flowered raincoat?5.Are we buying the extra large T-shirt?6.Are they buying the expensive shoes?7.Is Steve buying the brown boots?8.Is your family buying winter clothes today? E.1.Yes, they are.2.No, he isn’t.3.Yes, I am.4.No, she isn’t.5.No, you’re not.6.Yes, we are.7.Yes, we are.8.No, I’m not.F.1.Are they wearing suits?2.Is he wearing tennis shoes?3.Are they wearing gym clothes?4.Is he wearing a sweatshirt? Unit 3 Food and Nutrition (p. 30)Challenge 1: Can的问句 (p. 30)B.1.Sirloin steak2.Soda; potato chips3.Answer will vary.4.Answer will vary.5.$12.27D.1.Can I take your dishes?2.Can you help me understand?3.Can you see the server?4.Can you eat faster?5.Can I talk to the Manager?6.Can you pay?7.Can I have the shrimp?8.Can you help?E1. c.2. a.3. b.4. d.F.新模式英语2习题册答案1.Can I have a soda, please?2.Can I please talk to the manager?3.Can you help me, please?4.Can you please take my dishes?G.Answers will vary.Challenge 2: How much / How many (p. 32)B.Jose: 3 pounds of bananas1 jar of peanut butter2 boxes of cereal3 bags of potato chipsMarie: 2 pounds of oranges1 can of green beans1 carton of ice cream1 bottle of oilBoth: 2 gallons of milk1 loaf of breadD.E.Sample answers:1.pounds of bananas do we need?2.bread do we need?3.oil do we need?4.pounds of oranges do we need?5.bottles do we need?k do we need?7.cans of green beans do we need?8.peanut butter do we need?9.ice cream do we need?10.cans of chips do we need?F.Answers will vary.Challenge 3: Be的问与答(p. 34)A.Aisle 1: pears, oranges, tomatoesAisle 4: cake mix, flour, sugar, pancakeAisle 8: ham, bacon, steak,Aisle 3: soup, tuna, beansAisle 5: milk, ice cream, butterC.1.are2.is3.is4.is5.is6.are7.is8.are9.is10.is11.are12.isD.1.The potatoes are in the produce section.2.The cake mix is in aisle 4.3.Where is the cheese?4.The pears are in the produce section.5.Where is the milk?6.The flour is in aisle 4.7.Where is the bread?8.Where is the chicken?E.Answers will vary.Challenge 4: Have的用法 (p. 36)A.1.Vegetables2.Meat新模式英语2习题册答案3.Dairy4.Bread, grains5.Fruit6.Fats, oils, sweetsB.carrots, lotus root, broccolifish, beef, chickenmilk, cheese, butterpasta, bread, riceorange, bananas, applesoda, candy, oilD.1.have2.have3.have4.have5.have6.has7.has8.hasF.S ample answers1.has a donut with milk for breakfast.2.both have a ham sandwich for lunch.3.has a hamburger and fries for lunch.4.both have chicken and rice for dinner.5.Javier, Huyen, and Alexi all have milk atbreakfast.6.Huyen has cereal and milk for breakfast.7.Javier has a salad and soda for dinner.8.Alexi has fruit and milk for breakfast.G.Answers will vary.Challenge 5:祈使句 (p. 38)B.1.22.83.14.75.46.57.38.6D.1.Ask2.Read3.Don’t use4.Listen5.Don’t cook6.Don’t eat7.Cut8.Write9.Don’t take10.Don’t putE.1.vacuum2.clean3.Don’t eat4.Buy5.Don’t buy6.Go7.Peel8.whip9.Make10.Wash11.drain12.set13.Don’t use14.Choose15.PutF.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 1: Some / Any (p. 40) A.1.box2.jar3.carton4.can5.bottle6.bagB.1.jars新模式英语2习题册答案2.cartons3.box4.bottle5.bags6.cansD.1.some2.any/some3.some4.any5.any6.some7.any8.any9.some10.any/some11.any12.someE.1.She needs some green beans, too.2.She doesn’t need any carrots.3.Augustin wants some rice.4.He doesn’t buy any onions.5.They need some fish for the restaurant.6.Augustin buys some beverages every week.7.We don’t usually buy any ice cream.8.I don’t want any ice cream.9.Do you want some ice cream now?10.We are buying any cans of soup?F.1.Does he need any mayonnaise?2.Does he need any sugar?3.Does he need any soup?4.Does he need any carrots?5.Does he need any cereal?6.Does he need any oil?G.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 2: There is/ There are (p. 42)C.1.fruits and vegetables2.carrots, potatoes, lettuce3.oranges, applesE.1.There are2.There is3.There are4.There is5.There are6.There are7.There is8.There are9.There is10.There areF.1.Are there ten tables in the restaurant?2.Is there a new cook?3.Are there many people in the restauranttoday?4.Are there six main courses on the menu?5.Are there many soups and salads?6.Is there a dinner salad on the menu?7.Are there hamburgers and cheeseburgers?8.Are there many different beverages?9.Are there many special desserts?10.Is there a good chocolate cheesecake?G.Answers will vary.Unit 4 Housing (p. 44)Challenge 1: Be与Do的特殊疑问句(p. 44)B.1.b2.b3.c4.b.D.1.Are2.is3.do you4.cars5.do you6.are7.do you8.isE.1. c.2. a.3. e.4. b.5. d.F.Answers will vary.G.Answers will vary.Challenge 2: Which的特殊疑问句 (p. 46) B.D.1.Which house is near my school?2.Which houses have two bathrooms?3.Which house has a balcony?4.Which houses are big?5.Which apartment has furniture?6.Which condo is expensive?7.Which car is in the garage?8.Which class starts at 10:00 A.M.E.1.Ads 1, 4, 5, and 6 include two bathrooms.2.Ads 2 and 5 are condominiums.3.Ad 3 has a pool.4.Ads 1 and 3 are cheap.5.Ad 4 is most expensive.6.Ad 6 is $1,200.F.Sample answerse:1.Which homes are houses?2.Which home is an apartment?3.Which homes are near schools?4.Which homes have a pool?5.Which home has a garage?6.Which home has paid utilities?Challenge 3: 特殊疑问句 (p. 48)A.Name: Aguilar, JavierPhone: (408) 555-2234City: Santa ClaraHow long? 2 Years, 6 MonthsPrior Address: 97235 Artesia PlaceState: CAZip: 94801Employer: Anchor MotorsPosition: MechanicC.1.What is your last name?2.What is the name of your bank?3.Where do you go to school?4.How long did you work in Santa Clara?5.Who is your supervisor?6.Where did you live?D.1. c.2. d.3. a.4. b.E.Sample answers:Student A: Where did you study English?Student B: I studied English at Palm City Adult School. Student A: How long did you study English?Student B: I studied English for four years.Student A: Who was your teacher?Student B: My teacher was Steve Hampson. Student A: What is the address?Student B: The address is 9977 W. Broadway.Challenge 4: 方位介词 (p. 50)A.Sample answers:clocktoastertablerefrigeratorstoveC.1.next to2.over3.in the corner4.next to5.in6.next to7.between8.on9.under10.in front of11.in back of12.betweenD.1.The house is on Madison Street.2.The swimming pool is behind the house.3.The Yard is in front of the house.4.The flowers are in the corner.5.The house is next to the garage.6.The balcony is over the door.7.The fireplace is in the living room.8.The bathroom is between two bedrooms.9.The dishwasher is under the kitchen counter.10.The cupboard is over the kitchen counter.E.Answers will vary.F.Answers will vary.Challenge 5: 情态动词: May 与Might (p. 52)B.Over (Circled)WaterGasolineEntertainmentOtherUnder (Checked)GaswaterFoodPhoneClothingHousehold repairsFurnitureSavingsD.1.We may move in two weeks.2.They may have a three bedroom house.3.She may live in an apartment on Main Street.4.You may need a new job.5.It may be a beautiful house.6.He may spend $300 a month.E.1.Gasoline might be $250.2.They might need money for clothes.3.She might want help with the rent.4.He might earn $6,500 a month.5.We might spend $800 on food.6.I might go to the bank today.F.1.2502.1003.5,4674.1755.4006.100G.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 1: 用and连句 (p. 54)A.1.has, bedrooms, $2,000.2.has, bedrooms, $1,400.3.have one, $1,400.4.has, bathrooms, hasC.1.The rent is $800 a month, and the utilitiesare included.2.The living room has a fireplace, and thekitchen is large.3.Nikolai and Andrea need an apartment, andthey are looking in the classified ads.4.His wife wants an apartment with threebedrooms, and she needs a washer/dryer.5.Our dream house is in a friendlyneighborhood, and it has a swimming pool.6.Peter and I are buying a house in September,and we need new furniture.D.1.Kyung moved here from Korea last monthand he lives in Arcadia, Florida.2.The teller is opening a checking account forhim and she is also opening a savingsaccount.3.Kyung can get his checks immediately and hecan write checks from the checking account.4.Kyung uses checks to pay for food and hewrites the checks in the check ledger.5.Nam-young Kim writes the check for the rentand she also pays for the utilities.6.Mr. and Mrs. Kim buy clothes from Sal’sClothes and they buy food from RencoMarket.7.Mr. and Mrs. Kim pay $850 a month for rentand they need $400 a month for food.8.Their house has three bedrooms and it is in aquiet neighborhood.E.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 2: 形容词与名词修饰语(p. 56) A.1.Number 2 is the biggest.2.Number 1 is the smallest.3.Numbers 2, 3, and 4 have chimneys.4.Numbers 2 and 3 are two-stories.C.1.The house has a separate garage.2.He’s buying some expensive flowers.3.The balcony has a beautiful view.4.These are comfortable chairs.5.I live in a quiet neighborhood.6.The rent for the remodeled apartment is$750.7.We need a good dishwasher.8.What is your prior address?9.She wants to rent a big house.10.You want some small lamps.D.1.bank account2.ATM card3.photo ID4.application forms5.three-story house6.dream house7.two-car garage8.coffee tablesE.Answers will vary.Unit 5: Our Community (p. 58)Challenge 1: When, Where与介词(p. 58)B.1.32 minutes2.37 minutes3. 2 hours and 11 minutes4.5605.6006.625D.1.in2.in3.at4.[none]5.in6.in7.from8. ØE.keview2.Franklin City, 10:02 A.M.3.Jackson, Broadwaykeview5.Pleasantville6.Broadway, JacksonF.Answers will vary.G.Answers will vary.Challenge 2: 一般现在时(p. 60)B.Lincoln High; 555-8336; Fire Department; 911 / 555-8461D.1.needs2.call3.wants4.looks5.call6.like7.prefers8.calls9.eat10.stops11.visites E.Sample answers:1.Raquel needs money.2.Raquel has a toothache.3.Raquel needs new shoes.4.Raquel and Mario are sick.5.Raquel needs new glasses.6.Raquel and Mario need a doctor.7.Raquel needs a driv er’s license.8.Mario’s house is on fire.F.Answers will vary.Challenge 3: 祈使句(p. 62)B.1.the high school2.the City Hall3.Marie’s apartmentD.Here are the ... Go north on Emerson Street. Walk straight … Turn left on Michigan Avenue. Go two blocks … Linco ln Street, turn right. Don’t turn left; that’s … Walk up the stairs. Find apartment #3.E.1.Don’t go to the post office today.2.Don’t write your address on the form.3.Don’t fill in all the customer forms now.4.Don’t walk from the post office to the pharmacy.5.Don’t turn right at the next intersection.6.Don’t stop at the corner of Main and Robinson.F.1.Send the package economy class.2.Buy insurance for the package.3.Turn left at the corner.4.Go west on Broadway.G.Sample answers:1.Go south on Commonwealth. The University ison the left after Monroe.2.Go south on Main. Turn right on Lincoln. TheMuseum is the last building on the right onLincoln, before Commonwealth.3.Go east on Lincoln. Turn right on Main. Turnright on Broadway. The Court House is after the Police Station on the right.Challenge 4:一般现在时与现在进行时(p. 64)B.1. b. She wants to get a letter from her friend.2. c. She wants to see Antonio.D.1.has2.is working3.visits4.go5.am living6.go7.have8.are eatingE.1.walk2.am taking3.goes4.are waiting5.stops6.take7.are going8.visit9.wait10.are readingF.Answers will vary.Challenge 5: 一般过去时 (p. 66)A.From: Jennifer Gault895 Main PlaceMiami, FL 33010To: John Gil 8246 Wilson St.Bend, OR 97701C.1.wanted2.bought3.went4.walked5.ate6.talkedD.went, talked, wanted, talked, talked, went, ate, sentE.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 1: 方位介词(p. 68)Exercise B.Service Buy and Sellbus stop mallpolice station pet storehospital (and pharmacy) supermarketmuseum hardware Storebank bowling alleyschool movie theaterbus stationpharmacyD.1.yes2.no3.yes4.yes5.no6.no7.yes8.yes9.yes10.noE.1.West Broadway2.8th Avenue3.the supermarket4.the bus station5.the museum, the bank6.the hospital7.the school8.Main Street, Park StreetF.Answers will vary.G.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 2: 时间介词(p. 70)B.Event Date Timemeeting with marjorie 9/4/2009 1 P.M. library 9/8/2009 P.M.library 9/9/2009 P.M.library 9/10/2009 P.M.fly to NY 9/14/2009 7 A.M.dentist appt. 9/24/2009 4 P.M.D.1.in2.on3.at4.at5.on6.in7.in8.at9.In10.on11.inE.1.in2.At3.on4.at5.in6.in7.on8.in 9.in10.atF.1.She is going to New York on September 14 at7:00 A.M.2.She has a meeting with Marjorie on September 4at 1:00 P.M.3.Marjorie goes to the library in the afternoon onSeptember 8,9,and 10.4.Marjorie will go to the dentist in 2 hours.Unit 6: Health (p. 72)Challenge 1: Need to的用法 (p. 72)B.1.Gilberto2.Kenji3.LienD.1.likes to2.want3.need to4.likes to5.likes6.work7.need to8.relaxE.1.wants to2.needs to3.eat4.exercises5.want6.drink7.needs to8.likes toF.Answers will vary.Challenge 2: 形容词的比较级与最高级(p. 74)A.Answers will vary.B.Answers will vary.D.Answers may vary.Sample Answers:1. A cold is more serious than a runny nose.2. A sore throat is the most serious ailment.3. A toothache is more common than the flu.4. A runny nose is less serious than a backache.5. A bad headache is the most common ailment.6. A cold is less serious than a backache.7.The flu is less common than a cold.8.The flu is the most serious ailment.E.Answers will vary.Sample Answers:1.The flu is more serious than a cold.2. A sore throat is the most serious ailment.3. A backache is the most common ailment.4. A cold is less serious than a headache.5. A sore throat is less common than a headache.6. A cold is the most common ailment.F.Answers will vary.Challenge 3:一般过去时: 规则与不规则(p. 76)A.1. c. to a doctor.2. d. three times a day.3. a. in the park every week.4. b. cigarettes.B.Anya talked to a doctor. She exercised three times a day. She walked in the park every week. She also smoked cigarettes.D.1.was2.was3.was4.had5.were6.had7.had8.were9.had10.wereE.1.played2.wanted3.visited4.asked5.needed6.smoked7.talkedF.Last week, Alex exercised every day. He also played tennis on Saturday. He wanted his wife to play tennis, too. On Saturday, she visited the doctor. She asked for medicine for more energy. She needed more exercise and not medicine. She also smoked a pack of cigarettes a day. She talked to her husband about it.Challenge 4: 情态动词: Should (p. 78)A.DUDWUWUWDDDUC.1.You should go to the drugstore.2.You should sleep eight hours tonight.3.Ricardo should take some cough syrup.4.You should go to the hospital.5.You should go to bed.6.Luisa should take some aspirin.7.They should stop smoking.8.You should go to the optometrist.D.1.shouldn’t2.should3.shouldn’t4.shouldn’t5.should6.should7.should8.shouldn’t9.should10.shouldn’tE.Answers will vary.Sample Answers:1.You should sleep eight hours tonight.2.You should take cough medicine.3.You shouldn’t smoke cigarettes.4.You shouldn’t play tennis today.Challenge 5: 一般过去时:不规则动词(p. 80)B.1. b. call the fire department, the police, or apoison control center2. a. his or her name and addressD.1.drove2.woke3.went4.bought5.came6.did7.ate8.slept 9.took10.got11.said12.drankE.1.My throat hurt.2.You drove me to the doctor at noon.3.The doctor said to take some medicine.4.I got the medicine from the doctor.5.You read the directions.6.I took two teaspoons of the syrup.7.I slept for ten hours.8.We ate a good breakfast.9.My friends came to see me.10.They bought me some flowers.F.Answers will vary.Extension Challenge 1: Should的问句 (p. 82)A.toothache, stomachache, headache, backache, sore throatB.Answers will vary.Sample answers:1.aspirin2.calcium carbonate3.aspirin4.aspirin5.cough syrupD.1.Should I drink coffee?2.Should Eva eat three meals a day?3.Should the medicine reduce the fever?4.Should Mario have a checkup?5.Should you chew the tablets?6.Should they make an appointment?7.Should I call an ambulance?8.Should your parents stop smoking?E.1.How should your mother lose weight?2.When should Rosa take her medicine?。

计算机网络与通信(第2版)习题参考答案

计算机网络与通信(第2版)习题参考答案

计算机网络与通信(第2版)习题参考答案1.6 比较电路交换、存储转发交换、报文交换和分组交换的区别。

(1)电路交换的基本原理是在源端和目的端间实时地建立起电路连接,构成一条信息通道,专供两端用户通信。

通信期间,信道一直被通信双方用户占有,通信结束,立即释放。

线路交换的特点是:数据传输可靠、迅速、有序,但线路利用率低、浪费严重,不适合计算机网络。

(2)存储转发交换是在传统的电路交换技术的基础上提出的。

存储转发和电路交换的主要区别是:发送的数据与目的地址、源地址、控制信息按照一定格式组成一个数据单元(报文或报文分组)进入通信子网,通信子网中的结点要负责完成数据单元的接收、差错校验、存储、路选和转发功能。

存储转发交换包括报文交换和分组交换两种。

(3)报文交换采用"存储-转发"方式进行传送,无需事先建立线路,事后更无需拆除。

它的优点是:线路利用率高、故障的影响小、可以实现多目的报文;缺点是:延迟时间长且不定、对中间节点的要求高、通信不可靠、失序等,不适合计算机网络。

(4)分组交换中数据以短分组的形式传输,分组长度一般为1000 字节。

如果发送端有更长的报文需要发送,那么这个报文被分割成一个分组序列,每个分组由控制信息和用户数据两部分组成。

分组交换适用于计算机网络,在实际应用中有两种类型:虚电路方式和数据报方式。

分组交换的优点是:高效、灵活、迅速、可靠、经济,但存在如下的缺点:有一定的延迟时间、额外的开销会影响传输效率、实现技术复杂等。

2.1 (1)双绞线:是最常见的、最经济的传输媒质,主要用于网络和建筑物的通信线路;(2)同轴电缆:主要应用于电视转播、长途传输、近距离的计算机系统连接、局域网等;3)光纤:主要用在长途电信中;2.11 什么是扩频通信?基本的扩频技术有哪两种?试分析其基本原理。

扩频(spread spectrum)的基本思想是将携带信息的信号扩散到较宽的带宽中,用以加大干扰及窃听的难度。

电路分析基础练习题二及参考答案

电路分析基础练习题二及参考答案

《电路分析基础》练习题二说明:1.本试题满分为100分,限120分钟完成。

2.非通用符号请注明含义。

一、求解下列各题:(共计60分)1.(本题5分)如图所示电路,求电压U x2.(本题5分)如图所示电路,求其端口等效电阻R ab3.(本题5分)如图所示电路,求电压u ab如图所示电路,求时间常数τ。

5.(本题5分)电路如图所示,若)452cos(2)( +=t t u V ;) 902cos(2)(+=t t i A ,求网络N 的视在功率S 和功率因数λ。

6.(本题5分)电路如图所示,开关K 闭合前电路已处于稳态,当t=0时开关闭合,求电流的初始值i (0+)。

7.(本题5分)电路如图所示,绘其端口伏安关系图。

RLC 串联谐振电路的幅频特性曲线如图所示,已知谐振角频率频率85.7= ωrad/s, 则该电路的品质因数Q 和通频带B ω分别为多少?9.(本题5分)电路如图所示,列其节点方程并整理之。

10.(本题5分)电路如图所示,已知L 1=150μH, L 2=100μH, M=50μH,C=5PF, R=25Ω 求该电路的谐振角频率ω0。

11. (本题5分)电路如图所示,已知t L e t i 242)(--=A, H L 41=, F C 21=, Ω=2R , 求)(t i 。

12. (本题5分)电路如图所示,试绘出该电路的幅频响应曲线并判断其性质(低通、高通、带通、带阻)。

2S二. 计算下列各题:(共计40分)13. (本题10分)电路如图所示,原电路已处于稳态,t=0时开关K 1开启;K 2闭合,求t >0时的电流i (t)。

14. (本题10分)电路如图所示,负载阻抗L Z 为何值时可获得最大功率? 最大功率Lm P 为多少?15. (本题10分)电路如图所示,已知 S r 31=, I =25A, P=75W,1cos ==ϕλ, 求U L 。

16. (本题10分)电路如图所示,求电阻R 消耗的功率P R 。

《网络协议实践教程(第2版)》习题参考答案.docx

《网络协议实践教程(第2版)》习题参考答案.docx

课后习题答案第1章网络协议概述一、单项选择题1. C2. B3. C4. C5. C6. B7. B8. A9. C10. C11. B12. A13. D14. C15. A16. B17- B18. C19. B20・D二、综合应用题1.简述什么是计算机网络协议?计算机网络协议要素及其作用是什么?【参考答案】网络协议就是指为了能在计算机网络中进行数据交换、实现资源共享而建立的通信规则、标准或约定的集合。

一个网络协议至少包括以下3个基木要素。

•语法:说明用户信息与控制信息的组成结构、格式和编码等问题,即说明怎么做的问题。

•语义:说明通信双方需要发出的信息内容是什么、完成的动作是什么及做出的应答是什么等问题,即说明做什么的问题。

•同步(乂称吋序或定时):说明通信双方完成动作的先后顺序、速度匹配和排序等问题。

2.简述OSI参考模型中服务、接口、协议的作用。

【参考答案】•服务。

服务是指某层实体实现的功能,在形式上是由一组原语(Primitive)来描述的,这些原语供用八和其他实体访问该服务时调用。

它们通知服务提供者采取某些行动或报告某个对等实体的活动。

•协议。

协议(计算机网络协议)是指通信双方实现相同功能的相应层之间的通信规则的集合,通常称为对等层协议,协议是水平的。

•接口。

接口是指同一系统内部两个相邻层次Z间的通信规则的集合。

它是相邻两层之间的边界,是一个系统内部的规定。

3.试画图说明OSI参考模型中信息流动的过程。

【参考答案】OSI参考模型将网络通信的工作划分为7层,信息流动过程如下图所示。

第1层到第3层属于OSI参考模型的低层,负责创建网络通信连接的链路,通常称为通信了网;第5层到第7层是OSI参考模型的高层,具体负责端到端的数据通信、加密/解密、会话控制等,通常称为资源子网;第4层是OSI 参考模 型的高层与低层Z 间的连接层,起着承上启下的作用,是OSI 参考模型中从低 到高第一个端到端的层次。

新概念英语第二册课后练习答案

新概念英语第二册课后练习答案

新概念英语第二册课后练习答案L 1 bcbdc adbac cc L 2 cdcca bbadc dbL 3 cacad bccba bb L 4 dbabb acbca ccL 5 cadbc dabcb ad L 6 dacdd adaba daL 7 bccda cdacb ab L 8 dbbac cbbad bbL 9 bbdaa bbdbb dc L 10 addcb cacac caL 11 bbbab ccacc bd L 12 ccadd adacd aaL 13 bdbca bbcaa ad L 14 bcacd bcbcb bbL 15 dbcbc dadcc cb L 16 aadab adadd daL 17 dbbdc cbaac ad L 18 bdbdb cdcac cbL 19 adccd bcbca cc L 20 bcbbc bcacc daL 21 cdcda cbbad cc L 22 dbddb dacda bbL 23 aaacc addbb ad L24 baaca acccb abL 25 cbbab cdbaa da L26 adcba ddabd bdL 27 dcddd baddc cc L28 cdbbc dbdcd baL 29 bccbd babbb cc L30 aadab cccda ddL 31 dbaca adabc ac L32 cccbb cadad bcL33 dbdac bbccc ac L34 dabca dcbcb caL35 adadd adaba dd L36 addcd ccbad ccL37 cbbbb dacda ba L38 bcaac bddba ddL39 dacdd abacc ab L40 ccbca acbbb bdL41 aacdc bbada cb L42 dddbb cddac daL43 bbaad daccd ac L44 cbccc bdaba bdL45 bdabb dcbcb db L46 acddaL47 dabad aaddc ac L48 cbcba cbbda bcL49 dabab ccacc aa L50 bdacc aadbb cdL51 bcddd adcad db L52 bccab dcbac bdL53 cdacc cdcda cc L54 dbdbd badcb ddL55 aabda acabd ab L56 cacca cabbc ccL57 abbbb dcdcb da L58 bdaac bdcad bdL59 dbddd abada ab L60 bacbc babac adL61 bacca dcabb dd L62 addcd ccbda dbL63 dbaab ddacd ca L64 ccccb bccab bbL65 adbbc aadcc bd L66 cbaad aabdb baL67 daddd dbbad dd L68 bbcdb bbccc aaL69 abcbb ddaab cd L70 dbccdL71 bdbbc cdbbb ba L72 acadb accdb adL73 cadac dadaa db L74 bdccd cacbc abL75 cabdb abbdd cc L76 dbdaa bbacb ddL77 acabc dddaa ba L78 acbbc acbab caL79 bdcca dbadb ac L80 cbdad cadcc dbL81 daadb bdcbd bd L82 abadc cdaac bdL83 bacca bcbcd ab L84 ccabd cccda cdL85 ddbab abdbb dc L86 bcabb bdcab bcL87 cdcda ccada ad L88 cbbcc abbcc cbL89 aadad dadbd db L90 bccca bcbad ddL91 dbcbc dbbcb cb L92 bcdcb abbad caL93 cdbac dbbcb cb L94 abcbaL95 dabad cdcac dc L96 dccba dcdab cb。

微机原理习题2参考答案

微机原理习题2参考答案

习题2参考答案2.1 8086 CPU共有哪些16位寄存器?其中哪些16位寄存器可分为二个8位寄存器来使用?参考答案:8086 CPU共有AX、BX、CX、DX、SI、DI、SP、BP、IP、FLAGS、CS、DS、ES、SS共14个16位的寄存器。

其中AX、BX、CX、DX可分为二个8位寄存器来使用2.2 简述8086 CPU各通用寄存器的主要功能?参考答案:8086 CPU包含AX、BX、CX、DX、SI、DI、SP、BP共8个通用寄存器。

其中AX主要用在字的乘、除法,输入/输出指令中;BX主要在寄存器间接寻址和XLAT指令中作基址寄存器使用;CX主要在串操作指令和LOOP指令中作计数器使用;DX主要在字的乘除法指令和输入/输出指令中使用;SI主要在字符串操作指令中作源变址寄存器使用;DI主要在字符串操作指令中作目的变址寄存器使用;SP主要在堆栈操作中作堆栈指针使用;BP主要在寄存器间接寻址中作基址指针使用。

2.3 8086 CPU的标志寄存器有几个状态标志位?几个控制标志位?它们各自的含义和作用是什么?在Debug环境下,对应的用什么符号来表示之?参考答案:8086 CPU的标志寄存器有6个状态标志位,有3个控制标志位。

其中CF进位标志位主要用来反映运算结果是否产生进位或借位,如果运算结果的最高位向前产生了一个进位(加法)或借位(减法),则其值为1,否则其值为0;PF奇偶标志位用于反映运算结果中低8位含有“1”的个数的奇偶性,如果“1”的个数为偶数,则PF 的值为1,否则为0;AF辅助进位标志位表示加法或减法运算结果中D3位向D4位产生进位或借位的情况,有进位(借位)时AF=1;无进位(借位)时AF=0;ZF零标志位用来反映运算结果是否为0,如果运算结果为0,则其值为1,否则其值为0;SF用来反映运算结果的符号位,当运算结果为负数时,SF的值为1,否则其值为0;OF溢出标志位用于反映带符号数运算所得结果是否溢出,如果运算结果超过当前运算位数所能表示的范围,则称为溢出,OF的值被置为1,否则,OF的值被清为0。

逻辑学导论2 第二章习题参考答案

逻辑学导论2 第二章习题参考答案

《逻辑学导论(2)》第二章习题解答一、请将下述命题符号化,如果是复合命题,请根据其中所含的主联结词,指出是何种复合命题:1.阳光和红霞是好朋友。

【解】:p。

这是一个简单命题,应作为一个整体看待。

2.贝多芬和莫扎特是伟大的作曲家。

【解】:设p表示“贝多芬是伟大的作曲家”,q表示“莫扎特是伟大的作曲家”,则上述命题可表示为:p∧q。

这是一个联言命题。

3.说西红柿是蔬菜是假的。

【解】:设p表示“西红柿是蔬菜”,则上述命题可表示为:⌝p。

这是一个负命题。

4.大连队将获得今年的甲A冠军,否则,冠军就是国安队。

【解】:设p表示“大连队将获得今年的甲A冠军”,q表示“国安队将获得今年的甲A冠军”,则上述命题可表示为:p∨ q。

这是一个选言命题。

5.尽管并非所有的人都是自私的,但仍然有不少人很自私。

【解】:设p表示“所有的人都是自私的”,q表示“有不少人很自私”,则上述命题可表示为:⌝p∧q。

这是一个联言命题。

6.如果我们再不降低生育率,那我们就会连坐下来的空间都没有了。

【解】:设p表示“我们再不降低生育率”,q表示“我们连坐下来的空间都没有了”,则上述命题可表示为:p→q。

这是一个假言命题。

7.即使我们提高税收,财政赤字仍不会减少,除非我们削减政府开支。

【解】:设p表示“我们提高税收”,q表示“财政赤字会减少”,r表示“我们削减政府开支”,则上述命题可表示为:⌝r→⌝(p→q)。

这是一个假言命题。

8.钱不是万能的,但没有钱是万万不行的。

【解】:设p表示“钱不是万能的”,q表示“没有钱是万万不行的”,则上述命题可表示为:p∧q。

这是一个联言命题。

9.如果你是草,羊会站在你的身上,践踏你,啃食你,不管你是它的亲人还是朋友;如果你是参天大树,羊会仰望你,赞美你,无论你是残疾还是孩子。

【解】:设p1表示“你是草”,q1表示“羊会站在你的身上践踏你”,r1表示“羊会站在你的身上啃食你”,s1表示“你是它的亲人”,t1表示“你是它的朋友”,则上述命题的前半部分可表示为:p1→⌝(s1∨t1→⌝q1∨⌝r1)。

人工智能教程习题及答案第2章习题参考解答

人工智能教程习题及答案第2章习题参考解答

第二章知识表示习题参考解答2.3 练习题2.1 什么是知识?它有哪些特性?有哪几种分类方法?2.2 何谓知识表示? 陈述性知识表示法与过程性知识表示法的区别是什么?2.3 在选择知识的表示方法时,应该考虑哪些主要因素?2.4 一阶谓词逻辑表示法适合于表示哪种类型的知识?它有哪些特点?2.5 请写出用一阶谓词逻辑表示法表示知识的步骤。

2.6 设有下列语句,请用相应的谓词公式把它们表示出来:(1)有的人喜欢梅花,有的人喜欢菊花,有的人既喜欢梅花又喜欢菊花。

(2)他每天下午都去玩足球。

(3)太原市的夏天既干燥又炎热。

(4)所有人都有饭吃。

(5)喜欢玩篮球的人必喜欢玩排球。

(6)要想出国留学,必须通过外语考试。

2.7 房内有一只猴子、一个箱子,天花板上挂了一串香蕉,其位置关系如图2. 11所示,猴子为了拿到香蕉,它必须把箱子推到香蕉下面,然后再爬到箱子上。

请定义必要的谓词,写出问题的初始状态(即图2.16所示的状态)、目标状态(猴子拿到了香蕉,站在箱子上,箱子位于位置b)。

图2.11 猴子摘香蕉问题2.8 对习题2.7中的猴子摘香蕉问题,利用一阶谓词逻辑表述一个行动规划,使问题从初始状态变化到目标状态。

2.9 产生式的基本形式是什么?它与谓词逻辑中的蕴含式有什么共同处及不同处?2.10 何谓产生式系统?它由哪几部分组成?2.11 产生式系统中,推理机的推理方式有哪几种?在产生式推理过程中,如果发生策略冲突,如何解决?2.12 设有下列八数码难题:在一个3×3的方框内放有8个编号的小方块,紧邻空位的小方块可以移入到空位上,通过平移小方块可将某一布局变换为另一布局(如图2.12所示)。

请用产生式规则表示移动小方块的操作。

2831231684754765S0S g图2.12 习题2.12的图图2.13 习题2.13的图2.13 推销员旅行问题:设有五个相互可直达且距离已知的城市A、B、C、D、E,如图2.13所示,推销员从城市A出发,去其它四城市各旅行一次,最后再回到城市A,请找出一条最短的旅行路线。

大学英语读写教程2词汇填空习题及答案

大学英语读写教程2词汇填空习题及答案

一.1.The closing of the cigarette factory had ____ effects on the town’s economy.第一空disastrous2.I’ve always envied painters and poets—I have no ____ ability at all.第1空: artistic3.He’s struggling to ____ his fear of flying, but he still panics sometimes when he h as to board a plane.第1空: overcome4.She held her newborn baby with ____ tenderness.第1空: infinite5.The whole nation was ____ into profound grief when Princess Diana died in an ac cident.第1空: plunged6.The volunteers’____ is to work with the police to reduce crime on the streets of New York.第1空: mission7.The city is planning a public ____ to awaken people to the problem of noise pollut ion.第1空: campaign8.Once their books are open, A students don’t let anything ____ them from their stu dies.第1空: distract9He was knocked unconscious by a stone, and after I ____ him, he didn’t recogniz e me.第1空: revivedAmanda wasn’t feeling well that day but she performed in the play with her ____ ease .第1空: accustomed11.W hen you feel overwhelmed by the complications of life in the big city, it’s good to ____ to the countryside for a few days.第1空: retreat12.In times of war, people usually buy and store more food as a ____ against shorta ges.第1空: precaution二词汇题Please ____ all the boxes clearly so that we'll know which ones are ours and whic h belong to you.第1空: label2.It's not a simple question. Many different factors have ____ to create the current cr isis.第1空: converged3.I can never repay my parents for the many ____ they made for me.第1空: sacrifices4.Research show s that humor and fear are two effective ways to ____ students.第1空: motivateAt first tea was produced only in China; it was later ____ to India and Japan.第1空: transplanted6.The sight of the animals' suffering so ____ him that he vowed never to visit the z oo again.第1空: horrified7.A mother's ____ with her newborn baby is an infinitely deep one that nothing can replace.第1空: bond8.In Australia, women ____ 51% of the population, but occupy only 19% of the man agerial positions.第1空: constitute9.Thousands of striking workers ____ into the city square, demanding higher wages and better working conditions.第1空: surged10.There was a deep-rooted racial ____ long before the two counties became rivals a nd went to war.第1空: prejudice11.Mary ____ having to go to work while her husband sits about the house all day. 第1空: resentsNot all of the author's ____ for improving students' performance at school are logic al.第1空: recommendations三. 填空题(共10题)1.We expected Ellen to do well, but when she got straight A’s she ____ all our exp ectations.第1空: surpassed2.You made a good decision, and I thoroughly ____ of it.第1空: approved3.They arrived at the stadium three hours early to ____ that they’d get good seats.第1空: ensure4.The company is now ____ thanks to the skillful management and outstanding tech nology.第1空: thriving5.The directors’ disagreement rapidly ____ into a fight, so the meeting became more exciting than anyone had expected.第1空: escalated6.As a junior member of the school’s teaching staff, Janet didn’t feel ____ to discuss the issue with the principal.第1空: qualified7.The 20-year-old tennis player’s dream is to ____ China at the next Olympics.第1空: represent8.It was becoming ____ that the elderly chemist’s skills were no longer needed.第1空: apparent9.I don’t understand how you can ____ spending money on space exploration when there are hungry children in the world.第1空: justify10.Many of the ____ that spring from cultural differences can be avoided if you keep an open mind.第1空: conflicts四Our current economic circumstances ____ any nonessential purchases.第1空: preclude2.The article puts a lot of ____ on the value of failure as a learning experience.第1空: emphasis3.Success that comes too easily makes people more ____ to failure when real challe nges arise.第1空: prone4.Scientific discoveries would make greater contributions to society if all of them wer e properly ____ to industrial production.第1空: applied5.She was so ____ with ice-skating that she never had time for normal childhood ac tivities and experiences.第1空: obsessed6.Failure is painful for adults and children ____ , but it can also be a good teacher.第1空: alike7.Sam called the interviewer to ____ about why his application had been turned dow n.第1空: enquire8.Nancy ____ herself as an ice-skater at a very early age, winning three national co mpetitions before she was fifteen.第1空: distinguished9.The lecturer's remarks ____ a storm of excited questions from the audience.第1空: prompted10.My first ____ was to tell him he was a fool, but I controlled myself.第1空: impulse 五词汇题There are plenty of companies that are eager to ____ young athletes if they show enough promise.第1空: sponsor2.To succeed in life it is not sufficient only to have talent, capacity and training; one must also have ____ or a strong will.第1空: determination3.I don't ____ to be an expert on modren art, but I do know this painting is ugly!第1空: claim4.When his ____ employmers larned that he had had a drinking problem, they decid ed against hiring him.第1空: prospective5.The position requires a master's degree and a ____ of two years' work experience.第1空: minimum6.David struggled for years to make it as an actor, but ____ gave up and went back to his musical career.第1空: ultimately7.Overseas students are ____ to enroll in all the regular courses, provided they have the necessary qualifications.第1空: eligible8.A Korean company is planning to open a factory here, which will provide ____ for about 2,000 people.第1空: employment9.I'd always worked in an academic ____, so my new position as an office manager was a big change for me.第1空: setting10.It's much easier for big businesses to get bank ____ than it is for small companie s.第1空: loans11.There's a new ____ of classical artwork at the musem –do you want to go?第1空: exhibit12.The city government's first ____ is to build a new airport this year.第1空: priority六词汇题Stephen Hawking soon proved himself to be a scientist of great ____ and creativity.第1空: insight2.Fear of making mistakes is one of the main ____ to mastering spoken English.第1空: obstacles3.The disease affected his muscles and nervous system and gradually ____ him. 第1空: paralysed4.Cloning, a technological breakthrough, ____ some serious ethical problems.第1空: poses5.This book has been ____ a modern masterpiece.第1空: proclaimed6.The storms are ____ to reach the North of the country tomorrow morning.第1空: predicted7.____ his theories created a lot of controversy in scientific circles, but now they're widely accepted.第1空: Initially8.The old man lives alone and is rarely visited by his neighbors, who consider him _ ___ .第1空: eccentric9.The government must take some measures to narrow the ____ between the rich a nd the poor.第1空: gap10.Although he knew he would ____ a great fortune from his father, Richard was det ermined to earn his own living.第1空: inherit。

2 习题参考答案

2 习题参考答案

高分子化学第二章习题参考答案思考题1、简述逐步聚合和缩聚、缩合和缩聚、线形缩聚和体形缩聚、自缩聚和共缩聚的关系。

参考答案:2、略举逐步聚合的反应基团类型和不同官能团的单体类型5例。

参考答案:逐步聚合的反应基团类型:羧基;羟基;氨基;酰氯基;异氰酸酯基;环氧基;酚羟基。

羧基可以与羟基、氨基反应;羟基可以与酰氯基、异氰酸酯基;环氧基反应;氨基可以与羧基、酰氯基和异氰酸酯基反应。

3、己二酸与下列化合物反应,哪些能形成聚合物?a、乙醇;b、乙二醇;c、甘油;d、苯胺;e、己二胺参考答案:己二酸可以与乙二醇、甘油、己二胺反应形成聚合物。

4、写出并描述下列缩聚反应所形成的聚酯结构,b-d聚酯结构与反应物配比有无关系?参考答案:a、HO—RCOOH以为重复单元的线形聚酯。

b、HOOCRCOOH+HOR’OH等摩尔比时得为重复单元的线形聚酯。

所得的数均聚合度X n 与两官能团摩尔数之比r(r≤1)和反应程度P之间有:关系。

c、HOOCRCOOH+R“(OH)3两基团等摩尔比时可形成体型网状结构,当羧基远大于羟基时,得到羧端基的低聚物,当羧基远小于羟基时,得到羟端基的低聚物。

d、HOOCRCOOH+HOR’OH+R“(OH)3两基团等摩尔比时可形成体型网状结构当羧基远大于羟基时,得到羧端基的低聚物,当羧基远小于羟基时,得到羟端基的低聚物。

5、下列多对单体进行线型缩聚:己二酸和己二醇,己二酸和己二胺,己二醇和对苯二甲酸,乙二醇和对苯二甲酸,己二胺和对苯二甲酸,简明点出并比较缩聚物的性能特征。

参考答案:己二酸和己二醇的缩聚物比己二酸和己二胺的缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是前者缩聚物之间没有氢键;己二酸和己二醇的缩聚物比己二醇和对苯二甲酸缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是后者分子链中引入了苯环;己二酸和己二醇的缩聚物比乙二醇和对苯二甲酸缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是后者分子链中引入了苯环,而且后者的乙二醇比己二醇的碳原子数小;己二醇和对苯二甲酸的缩聚物比己二胺和对苯二甲酸缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是后者分子链中有酰胺键,分子链间有氢键。

(完整版)思考题及习题2参考答案

(完整版)思考题及习题2参考答案

第2章思考题及习题2参考答案一、填空1. 在AT89S5仲片机中,如果采用6MHz晶振,一个机器周期为_________ 。

答:2g2. AT89S51单片机的机器周期等于______ 个时钟振荡周期。

答:123. 内部RAM中,位地址为40H、88H的位,该位所在字节的字节地址分别为________ 和______ 。

答: 28H, 88H4. 片内字节地址为2AH单元最低位的位地址是___________ ;片内字节地址为A8H单元的最低位的位地址为_________ 。

答:50H, A8H5. 若A中的内容为63H,那么,P标志位的值为___________ 。

答:06. AT89S5仲片机复位后,R4所对应的存储单元的地址为_______ ,因上电时PS ________ 。

这时当前的工作寄存器区是_________ 组工作寄存器区。

答:04H, 00H, 0。

7. 内部RAM中,可作为工作寄存器区的单元地址为______ 也〜 ______ 也。

答:00H,仆H8. 通过堆栈操作实现子程序调用时,首先要把___________ 的内容入栈,以进行断点保护。

调用子程序返回指令时,再进行出栈保护,把保护的断点送回到____________ ,先弹出的是原来中的内容。

答:PC, PC, PCH9. AT89S51单片机程序存储器的寻址范围是由程序计数器PC的位数所决定的,因为AT89S51单片机的PC是16位的,因此其寻址的范围为KB 。

答:6410. AT89S51单片机复位时,P0~ P3口的各引脚为_______ 电平。

答:高11. AT89S51单片机使用片外振荡器作为时钟信号时,引脚XTAL1接________ ,引脚XTAL2的接法是_________ 。

答:片外振荡器的输出信号,悬空12. AT89S51单片机复位时,堆栈指针SP中的内容为____________ ,程序指针PC中的内容为________ 。

习题参考答案2-电阻应变式

习题参考答案2-电阻应变式

二、电阻应变式传感器(二)习 题2-1.一试件受力后的应变为3102-⨯;丝绕应变计的灵敏系数为2,初始阻值120Ω,温度系数C61050-⨯-,线膨胀系数为C 61014-⨯;试件的线膨胀系数为C 61012-⨯。

试求:温度升高20℃时,应变计输出的相对误差。

答:()t S t Ra t K t Rββ∆=∆+-⋅∆ =()C C C C20101410122201050666⨯⨯-⨯⨯+⨯⨯---- =31008.1-⨯-2-2. 在悬臂梁的上下方各贴一片电阻为120Ω的金属应变片R 1和R 2。

若应变片的灵敏系数k =2,电源电压U =2V ,当悬臂梁顶端受到向下的力F 时,电阻R 1和R 2的变化值ΔR 1 =ΔR 2 =Ω,试求电桥的输出电压。

答:A1R2120124R R U U R R ⎛⎫∆∆∆=- ⎪⎝⎭20.480.4844120120mV ⎡⎤⎛⎫=--= ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦解析:参见PPT P23~24,关于电阻应变计的测量电路。

理解电桥的测量原理和计算方法。

2-3.图为一直流应变电桥,图中U =4V ,1234120R R R R ====Ω,试求:① 1R 为金属应变片,其余为外接电阻,当1R 的增量为1 1.2R ∆=Ω时,电桥输出电压U O 。

② 1R 、2R 都是应变片,且批号相同,感应应变的极性和大小都相同,其余为外接电阻,电桥输出电压U O 。

③ 题②中,如果2R 与1R 的感受应变的极性相反,F A且12 1.2R R ∆=∆=Ω,电桥输出电压U O 。

答:①31241123414 1.210444120O R R R R R U U U mV R R R R R ⎛⎫∆∆∆∆∆∆=-+-==⨯= ⎪⎝⎭ 或者更精确地()()()()()()1132411234120 1.212012012049.95120 1.2120120120O R R R R R U U mV R R R R R +∆-+-⨯=⋅=⨯=+∆+++++或者()411311011241113111111R R R R R R U U UR R R R R R R R ∆∆==⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫∆∆++++++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭=② 312412123412044O R R R R R R U U U V R R R R R R ⎛⎫⎛⎫∆∆∆∆∆∆∆=-+-=-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭或者3110112234R R R U U R R R R R R ⎛⎫∆+=- ⎪∆+++∆+⎝⎭=0V③3124121234124 1.2 1.220444120120O R R R R R R U U U mVR R R R R R ⎛⎫⎛⎫∆∆∆∆∆∆⎛⎫⎛⎫∆=-+-=-=--= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭或者 3110112234R R R U U R R R R R R ⎛⎫∆+=-⎪∆++-∆+⎝⎭=解析:参见PPT P23~27,关于电阻应变计的测量电路。

高频电子线路第二章课后习题答案

高频电子线路第二章课后习题答案


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高频电子线路习题参考答案
2-4 石英晶体有何特点?为什么用它制作的振荡器的频率稳 定度较高?
答2-4 石英晶体有以下几个特点 晶体的谐振频率只与晶片的材料、尺寸、切割方式、几何形状
等有关,温度系数非常小,因此受外界温度影响很小 具有很高的品质因数 具有非常小的接入系数,因此手外部电路的影响很小。 在工作频率附近有很大的等效电感,阻抗变化率大,因此谐振
解2-2:
根据已知条件,可以得出:
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高频电子线路习题参考答案

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C语言程序设计课后习题1-8参考答案

C语言程序设计课后习题1-8参考答案

C语言程序设计课后习题1-8参考答案习题1参考答案一、简答题1、冯诺依曼计算机模型有哪几个基本组成部分各部分的主要功能是什么?答:冯诺依曼计算机模型是由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备、输出设备五大功能部件组成的。

运算器又称算术逻辑部件,简称ALU,是计算机用来进行数据运算的部件。

数据运算包括算术运算和逻辑运算。

控制器是计算机的指挥系统,计算机就是在控制器的控制下有条不紊地协调工作的。

存储器是计算机中具有记忆能力的部件,用来存放程序和数据。

输入设备是用来输入程序和数据的部件。

输出设备正好与输入设备相反,是用来输出结果的部件。

2、简述计算机的工作原理。

答:计算机的工作原理可简单地概括为:各种各样的信息,通过输入设备,进入计算机的存储器,然后送到运算器,运算完毕把结果送到存储器存储,最后通过输出设备显示出来。

整个过程由控制器进行控制。

3、计算机软件系统分为哪几类答:软件内容丰富,种类繁多,通常根据软件用途将其分为两大类:系统软件和应用软件。

系统软件是指管理、监控、维护计算机正常工作和供用户操作使用计算机的软件。

这类软件一般与具体应用无关,是在系统一级上提供的服务。

系统软件主要包括以下两类:一类是面向计算机本身的软件,如操作系统、诊断程序等。

另一类是面向用户的软件,如各种语言处理程序(像BC、VC等)、实用程序、字处理程序等。

应用程序是指某特定领域中的某种具体应用,供最终用户使用的软件,它必须在操作系统的基础上运行。

4、什么叫软件说明软件与硬件之间的相互关系。

答:软件是指计算机程序及有关程序的技术文档资料。

两者中更为重要的是程序,它是计算机进行数据处理的指令集,也是计算机正常工作最重要的因素。

在不太严格的情况下,认为程序就是软件。

硬件与软件是相互依存的,软件依赖于硬件的物质条件,而硬件则需在软件支配下才能有效地工作。

在现代,软件技术变得越来越重要,有了软件,用户面对的将不再是物理计算机,而是一台抽象的逻辑计算机,人们可以不必了解计算机本身,可以采用更加方便、更加有效地手段使用计算机。

结构力学第2章习题及参考答案

结构力学第2章习题及参考答案

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5kN

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FN3 15 2 kN
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2-9 选用较简捷的方法计算图示桁架中指定杆的轴力。

英语二自学教程答案【2012年版课后习题答案】

英语二自学教程答案【2012年版课后习题答案】

Section C
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5.express 6.powerful 7. internally
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引用爱因斯坦在 20 世纪早期所做的研究了。
发现作者可能持有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党或民主党迥然而异。文章内容可能会反
映作者的偏见,因此在阅读作者的文章时就要考虑到这种可能存在的偏见,这就是所谓的“质疑一切”

对文章内容持批判的态度,就能够获得更多的信息,你的观点也会变得更加正确。
1 . matter 2 . commonly 3. Pleased 4. infinite 5 . Commands 6. quality
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指导实践
要求:给你的朋友提一些建议,告诉他们什么地方适合度假。利用你自己的信息,也可以运用下面的提示。
你想去 ,, 吗? 我们去 ,, 好吗?
我们去 ,, 吧。
我们为什么不去 ,, 呀?
去 ,, 怎么样?
好主意。
谢谢你,给了我那么多好的建议。 读前问题:
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1.通常情况下,你是否会反对作者提出的观点?你认为什么是积极阅读?
有些词语看似微不足道,对我们的影响却是深远而持久的,驾驭了自己的语言,就有权过自己想要的生活了。

C语言程序设计复习题二及参考答案

C语言程序设计复习题二及参考答案

C语言程序设计复习题二一.单项选择题1.按照C语言的规定,能作为用户标识符的是()。

A)int B)5a C)abc_123 D)unsigned2.编译操作的功能是把源程序转换成()。

A)源程序B)目标程序C)可执行程序D)汇编程序3.定义下面语句,编译会出错的是()。

A)char a='x'; B)char a='\t'; C)char a='cc'; D)char a='\101';4.以下选项中正确的定义语句是()。

A)double x; y; B)double x=y=7; C)double x=7, y=7; D)double, x, y;5.若有定义int x, y;并已正确给变量赋值,则以下选项中与表达式(x-y) ? (x++): (y++)中的条件表达式(x-y)等价的是()。

A)(x-y>0) B)(x-y<0) C)(x-y<0 || x-y>0) D)(x-y==0)6.以下关于long、int和short类型数据占用内存大小的叙述中正确的是()。

A)均占4个字节B)根据数据的大小来决定所占内存的字节数C)由用户自己定义D)由C语言编译系统决定7.设有定义:int x=0;,以下选项的四个表达式中与其他三个表达式的值不相同的是()。

A)x++ B)x+=1 C)++x D)x+18.若有定义语句:int x=10;,则表达式x-=x+x的值为()。

A)-20 B)-10 C)0 D)109.有以下程序void main(){ int x,y,z;x=y=1;z=x++,y++,++y;printf("%d,%d,%d\n",x,y,z);}程序运行后的输出结果是()。

A)2,3,3 B)2,3,2 C)2,3,1 D)2,2,110.以下叙述中正确的是()。

A)C语言是一种非结构化程序设计语言B)结构化程序有顺序、分支、循环三种基本结构组成C)使用三种基本结构构成的程序只能解决简单问题D)结构化程序设计不提倡模块化的设计方法11.有以下程序#include <stdio.h>void main(){ char e1,e2;e1=’A’+’8’-‘4’;e2=’A’+’8’-‘5’;printf(“%c,%d\n”,e1,e2);}已知字母A的ASCII码为65,程序运行后的输出结果是()A)E,68 B)D,69 C)E,D D)输出无定值12.有以下程序void main(){ int a=0,b=0;a=10; /*给a赋值b=20; 给b赋值*/printf("a+b=%d\n",a+b);}程序运行后输出结果是()。

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高分子化学第二章习题参考答案思考题1、简述逐步聚合和缩聚、缩合和缩聚、线形缩聚和体形缩聚、自缩聚和共缩聚的关系。

参考答案:2、略举逐步聚合的反应基团类型和不同官能团的单体类型5例。

参考答案:逐步聚合的反应基团类型:羧基;羟基;氨基;酰氯基;异氰酸酯基;环氧基;酚羟基。

羧基可以与羟基、氨基反应;羟基可以与酰氯基、异氰酸酯基;环氧基反应;氨基可以与羧基、酰氯基和异氰酸酯基反应。

3、己二酸与下列化合物反应,哪些能形成聚合物a、乙醇;b、乙二醇;c、甘油;d、苯胺;e、己二胺参考答案:己二酸可以与乙二醇、甘油、己二胺反应形成聚合物。

4、写出并描述下列缩聚反应所形成的聚酯结构,b-d聚酯结构与反应物配比有无关系参考答案:a、HO—RCOOH以为重复单元的线形聚酯。

b、HOOCRCOOH+HOR’OH等摩尔比时得为重复单元的线形聚酯。

所得的数均聚合度Xn 与两官能团摩尔数之比r(r≤1)和反应程度P之间有:关系。

c、HOOCRCOOH+R“(OH)3两基团等摩尔比时可形成体型网状结构,当羧基远大于羟基时,得到羧端基的低聚物,当羧基远小于羟基时,得到羟端基的低聚物。

d、HOOCRCOOH+ HOR’OH+R“(OH)3两基团等摩尔比时可形成体型网状结构当羧基远大于羟基时,得到羧端基的低聚物,当羧基远小于羟基时,得到羟端基的低聚物。

5、下列多对单体进行线型缩聚:己二酸和己二醇,己二酸和己二胺,己二醇和对苯二甲酸,乙二醇和对苯二甲酸,己二胺和对苯二甲酸,简明点出并比较缩聚物的性能特征。

参考答案:己二酸和己二醇的缩聚物比己二酸和己二胺的缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是前者缩聚物之间没有氢键;己二酸和己二醇的缩聚物比己二醇和对苯二甲酸缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是后者分子链中引入了苯环;己二酸和己二醇的缩聚物比乙二醇和对苯二甲酸缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是后者分子链中引入了苯环,而且后者的乙二醇比己二醇的碳原子数小;己二醇和对苯二甲酸的缩聚物比己二胺和对苯二甲酸缩聚物的熔点低,强度小,其原因是后者分子链中有酰胺键,分子链间有氢键。

6、简述线形缩聚中成链与成环倾向。

选定下列单体的m值,判断其成环倾向。

a、氨基酸 H2N(CH2)mCOOHb、乙二醇和二元酸 HO(CH2)2OH+HOOC(CH2)mCOOH参考答案:能形成5、6元环的异成环,能形成3、4元环的可以缩聚成链。

(参见开环聚合)a、氨基酸当m=1时,双分子成环;当m=2时不易成环,当m=3或4时易成环。

b、当m=1时易成环,其他情况下不易成环。

7、简述线形缩聚的逐步机理,以及转化率和反应程度的关系。

参考答案:线形缩聚的逐步机理见P20。

转化率和反应程度的关系不大。

11、在平衡缩聚条件下,聚合度与平衡常数、副产物残留量之间有和关系参考答案:参见P27。

12、影响线形缩聚物聚合度的因素有哪些两单体非等量化学计量,如何控制聚合度参考答案:影响线形缩聚物聚合度的因素有:平衡常数、反应常数、基团数比。

两单体非等量化学计量,控制聚合度的方法参见P29页。

17、简述不饱和聚酯的配方原则和固化机理。

参考答案:乙二醇、马来酸酐和邻苯二甲酸酐是合成聚酯的原料。

乙二醇的羟基的摩尔数要接近其中马来酸酐和邻苯二甲酸酐的羧基数。

马来酸酐的作用是在不饱和聚酯中引入双键,增加马来酸酐的用量可提高不饱和聚酯的不饱和度,从而提高不饱和聚酯的的交联密度的;增加邻苯二甲酸酐的用量可提高成型后材料的刚性。

苯乙烯固化是利用自由基引发苯乙烯聚合并与不饱和聚酯线形分子中双键共聚最终形成体形结构。

室温固化的引发体系可采用过氧化二苯甲酰-二甲基苯胺氧化还原体系,也可采用过氧化环己酮-环烷酸钴氧化还原体系。

23、简述环氧树脂的合成原理和固化原理。

参考答案:参见P49-50页。

计算题:2、羟基酸HO-(CH2)4-COOH进行线形缩聚,测得产物的重均分子量为18400g·mol-1,试计算:a、羧基已经酯化的百分数;b、该聚合物的数均聚合度;c、结构单元数Xn。

参考答案:a、已知Mw =184000,M=100根据下式求出数均分子量:Xn=Mw /M=184000/100=1840,再根据Mw=(1+P)/(1-P)求反应程度:解得:P=,所以羧基已酯化的百分数等于%,b、根据Mw / Mn=1+P,求得数均分子量:Mn=9251c、根据Xn = Mn/M,求得结构单元数为3、等摩尔己二胺和己二酸进行缩聚,反应程度p为、、、、、、,试求数均聚合度Xn、DP(聚合度)和数均分子量Mn,并画出Xn~p关系图。

参考答案:当P=时,Xn=1/(1-p)=1/(1-)=2 DP=1当P=时,Xn=1/(1-p)=1/(1-)=5 DP=当P=时,Xn=1/(1-p)=1/(1-)=10 DP=5当P=时,Xn=1/(1-p)=1/(1-)=20 DP=10当P=时,Xn=1/(1-p)=1/(1-0. 980)=50 DP=25当P=时,Xn=1/(1-p)=1/(1-0. 990)=100 DP=50当P=时,Xn=1/(1-p)=1/(1-0. 995)=200 DP=100当P=时,Mn=(116+138)×1-18×1=254-18=236当P=时,Mn =(116+138) ×-18×4=635-72=563当P=时,Mn =(116+138) ×5-18×9=1270-162=1108当P=时,Mn =(116+138) ×10-18×19=2540-342=2198当P=时,Mn =(116+138) ×25-18×49=6350-882=5468当P=时,Mn =(116+138) ×50-18×99=12700-1782=10918当P=时,Mn =(116+138) ×100-18×199=25400-3582=218184、等摩尔二元醇和二元酸经外加酸催化缩聚,试证明从开始到p=所需的时间与p从到的时间相近。

计算自催化和外加酸聚酯化反应时不同反应程度p下Xn、[c]/ [c]与时间t值的关系,用列表作图说明。

参考答案:8、等摩尔乙二醇和对苯二甲酸在280℃下密封管内缩聚,平衡常数K=4,求最终聚合度Xn。

另在排除副产物水的条件下,欲得Xn=100,问体系中残留水分有多少参考答案:Xn= K1/2+1=41/2+1=3因为:Xn=(K/nw ) 1/2,所以nw= K/ Xn2=4/1002=9、等摩尔二元醇和二元酸缩聚,另加醋酸%,p=或时,聚酯的聚合度多少(醋酸浓度以二元酸计)参考答案:r=Na/(Nb+2Nb’)=1/(1+=当p=时,Xn=(1+r)/(1+r-2rp)=(1+/(1+-2××=-= =当p=时,Xn=(1+r)/(1+r-2rp)=(1+/(1+-2××= =10、尼龙1010是根据1010盐中过量癸二酸来控制分子量,如果要求分子量20000,问1010盐的酸值应该是多少(以mgKOH/g计)参考答案:1010盐的相对分子质量:374尼龙1010结构单元的平均分子量M=169Xn=20000÷169=假设癸二胺P=1,根据Xn=(1+r)÷(1-r)求得:r=设癸二胺的基团数Na=1,则癸二酸的基团数Nb=1÷=酸值={(Nb-Na)×MKOH ×2}÷(Na×M1010)={(-1)×56×2}÷(1×374)=(mgKOH/g)17、邻苯二甲酸酐、1mol乙二醇、1mol甘油体系进行缩聚,为了控制凝胶点需要,在聚合过程中定期测定树脂的熔点、酸值(mgKOH/g)、溶解性能。

试计算反应至多少酸值时会出现凝胶。

参考答案:平均官能度的计算:羟基与羧基的官能团相等。

f=(1×2+1×3+×2)÷(1+1+)=按Carothers方程计算:Pc=2÷f=2÷=起始的羧基物质的量:×2=5mol当反应程度P=时,残余羧基物质的量5mol-5mol×= mol,c体系中物质的总量为524g,出现凝胶时体系的酸值:×56÷524=(mgKOH/g)18、制备醇酸树脂的配方为 mol季戊四醇、 mol苯酐、丙三酸,问能否不产生凝胶而反应完全参考答案:体系羟基基团的摩尔数:×4=体系羧基基团的摩尔数:×2+×3=体系反应物的总摩尔数:++=由于体系两官能团的基团数不相等,平均官能度:f=(2×)÷()==2÷f=2÷=Pc答:反应不完全就会产生凝胶。

参考题:由己二胺和己二酸合成聚酰胺,反应程度p=,分子量约15000,试计算原料比。

产物端基是什么参考答案:=15000/113=(结构单元的分子量)聚酰胺的聚合度为:Xn时有:已知p=,根据p与非等摩尔比共同控制Xn=(1+r)/(1+r-2rp)Xn求得r=。

若己二酸过量,则己二酸与己二胺摩尔投料比为1:又由于p=,r=(Nb>Na)端氨基数= Na(1-p)= Nb× r(1-p)端羧基数=Nb-Na ×p= Nb-Nb×r×p= Nb(1-r×p)端氨基数/端羧基数= Nb× r(1-p)/ Nb(1-r×p)=1/2产物端基是羧基。

若己二胺过量,则得:端氨基数/端羧基数=2/1,产物端基是氨基。

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