自考高级英语下册Lesson
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Fifteen_2
Lesson Fifteen Is America Falling Apart Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1 a castellated townThis is a town built in the style of a castle.2the hammer and sickle painted on the rumps of public statuesThe hammer and sickle is the symbol of the Communist Party in Italy. It shows that the Communist Party was active at that time.3 a thousand-lira note shrunk to the slightness of a dollar billThis tells us that the Italian money was very much depreciated (贬值) at that time.4the open markets are luscious with esculent colorthe open markets are full of delicious fruits and vegetables in mouth-watering color.5…the human condition is humorously accepted.Italians accept their difficult living condition with a sense of humor.6… but the next Wednesday's return of an old Western is something to look forward to.…but an old American film about cowboys to be re-showed next Wednesday is something the local people look forward to.7What matters is… the wresting of minimal sweetness of the long-known bitterness of living.For many years they have been living a bitter life, yet they can still get through effort the least amount of pleasure out of the bitter life. This is what is important to them.8…prewar, if one thing went wrong the day was ruined; postwar, if one thing went right the day would be made.…before the war people felt everything was going on fine and they were unprepared for anything to go wrong. So if anything went wrong, they would be in a bad mood, feeling the whole day was spoiled. But after the war, if one thing went right, people would be in high spirits, feeling the whole day was nice.9…the Kafka feeling that the whole marvelous fabric of American life is coming apart at the seams.… the feeling that the whole of American society is breaking down fundamentally, which is similar to the feeling described in Kafka's novels.come apart: fall to pieces 破掉，碎掉The teapot just came apart in my hands.10The run-down rail services of America are something I try, vainly, to forget.The railway services of America are extremely bad, I try to forget them, but I failed to.11American individualism…wishes to manifest itself in independence of the community.American individualism…finds its expression in being independent of or being different from other people in the community.12Once let the acquisitive instinct burgeon, and there was ruggedly individual forces only too ready to make it come to full and monstrous blossom.As soon as the acquisitive instinct begins to grow, strong individual forces will develop it fully, which is something outrageous.ruggedly individual forces: often termed rugged individualism, the disguised, hot pursuit of practical and realisticinterests of an didividualonly too ready to make it come to full and monstrous blossom:very ready to make the acquitive instinct develop fully.13This self-elected deprivation was a way into the nastier side of the consumer society.I myself chose not to buy an automobile and that led me to see the more disgusting side of the consumer society.14The nightmare of filth, outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe.The filth inside the trains and along the railway line from Springfield to New York is so horrible that it would not be accepted in backward Europe.15The more efficiently self-contained the home seems to be, the more dependent it is on the great impersonal corporations…When the home is efficiently equipped with all sorts of gadgets, it becomes dependent on the great indifferent corporations.The more the home is thus equipped, the more dependent it is on the latter…16Skills at the lowest level have to be wooed slavishly and exorbitantly rewarded.Even workers doing the least skilled jobs have to be begged to come and paid much too high.17And doctors…know their scarcity value and behave accordingly.And doctors…know their great value because there are not enough doctors to meet the needs and therefore charge excessive medical fees.18Planned obsolescence is not conductive to pride in workmanship.Articles that are designed to break or wear out quickly do not help people to take pride in their work.19On another level, consumption is turning sour.… consumption is becoming something unpleasant.20Indestructible plastic hasn't even the grace to undergo chemical change.to have the grace to do something means to be polite enough to do something proper.明智地做某事，爽爽快快地做某事He had the grace to say that he was sorry.Here it is used humorously to refer to the fact that goods made of plastic cannot be recycled.21Awareness of this is a kind of redemptive grace, but it has not led to repentance and a revolution in consumer habits.Awareness of this is a kind of compensation for their guilty feelings about consumption. Yet it has not noticeably brought about deep regret for or a drastic change in the way they consume.22… they don't noticeably clamor for a decrease in the number of owner-vehicles.…they don't demand loudly a decrease in the number of private cars.23America has always despised its teachers and, as a consequesnce, it has been granted the teachers it deserves.America has always looked down upon its teachers, as result, it deserves to have the kind of teachers it gets.as a consequence: as a result 结果He's never studied hard, as a consequence, he's never passed examinations.24The quality of first-grade education…could not…be faulted on the level of dogged conscientiousness.You could not find fault with the teachers for the quality of first-grade education. The teachers were conscientious and determined to do a good job.on the level of: in the aspect of, in connection with25But there seemed to be no spark, no daring, no madness, no readiness to engage the individual child's mind as anything other than raw material for statistical reductions.但是除了把孩子的头脑当作进行数字计算训练的原料以为，似乎不存在能使孩子开动脑筋的火花，胆识，激情与愿望。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Eleven_2
Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and Politics Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1…even in Paradise.even when he is dead.2Human beings, for the most part, are not like this."for the most part" means mostly, most of them.3on that accountbecause of that, on that reason 为了那个缘故The game was cancelled on account of the rain.4…satiety is a dream which will always elude you.…to think that man can become satisfied is an illustion.5…motives that survive the conquest of hunger.…motives that continue to exist when hunger is satisfied.6One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on.One problem of vanity is that one grows more vain if one is encouraged in one's vanity.虚荣心的问题之一是，越是有鼓励它的东西，虚荣心就越强。
feed on: give food to 给予食物，喂What do you feed your cat on?7the condemned murderera murderer who has been found guilty and sentenced to punishment, possibly the death sentence.8Politicians and literary men are in the same case.政治家和文人也属于此列。
自考高级英语下册Lesson_4_
• ultimately • adv. 最后, 最终 • All wealth comes ultimately from human labor. • 一切财富归根到底来源於人类的劳动。
• • • • •
make way for 为 ... 让路, 为 ... 腾出地方 He stepped aside to make way for us. 他向旁边走了一步，给我们让路。 He was pushed out to make way for the director's son.
The Tragedy of Old age in America
• propelled into=pushed into • His addiction to drugs propelled him towards a life of crime. 吸毒上瘾使他走上犯罪道路。 The change is being propelled by the new economic upsurge. 新的经济高涨正促进变革。 • midst n.中间 prep.在...中间
• • • • • •
external adj. 外来的, 外部的, 外面的, 表面的 n. 外观, 外部, 外界事物 adj. [医]外用的 internal adj. 国内的, 内部的, 身内的
• Bittersweet adj. 又苦又甜的, 苦乐参半的 come to terms with 达成协议；妥协；让步；屈服 • e.g.①She has come to terms with her fate. • 她已听天由命了。 • ②He managed to come to terms with his illness. • 他设法忍住了疾病的痛苦。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Thirteen_2
Lesson Thirteen Selected Snobberies Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1There are certain disfiguring and mortal diseases about which there has probably never been any snobbery.Probably there has never been anybody who is snobbish about diseases which destroy the looks and are incurable.2adolescent consumption-snobsteenagers who suffer from TB and feel superior because of it.3to fade away in the flower of youthto die gradually when young4the final stages of the consumptive fadingthe last stages of TB when the patient is weakening and dying5the complacent poeticizings of these adolescents must seem as exasperating as they are profoundly pathetic.These teenage TB patients feel so satisfied with themselves that they romanticize their illness. They are so ignorant that people both sorry for and annoyed at them.6whose claim to distinctiontheir demand that they are different and should be respected.7…exasperation is not tempered by very much sympathy.…our exasperation is not reduced by sympathy. We have no sympathy for those snobs. We only feel exasperated.8problematical diseasesWhethe they are really ill at all is rather doubtful. The author indicates that these rich people are not really ill.9…of which now some, now others take pride of place in general esteem.At one time some snobberies are generally regarded as the most popular or fashionable; at another time other snobberies are regarded so.10The snobbery of culture, still strong, has now to wrestle with an organized and active low-browism The snobbery of culture now has to fight with low-browism which is very active and effectively acted upon by large numbers of people.11Even in France, where the existence of so many varieties of delicious wine had hitherto imposed a judicious connoisseurship and has led to the branding of mere drinking as a brutish solecism, …In France, the existence of so many different kinds of wonderful wine has set up the authority of the French people on judging the quality of wines and has led them to reard drinking alcoholic drinks as an uncivilized offense against good social manners.12… for well-brought-up men and well-brought-up womem of all ages, from fifteen to seventy, to be seen drunk, if not in public, at least in the very much tempered privacy of a party.If well-brought-up men and women still can't be seen drunk in public, at least now it is all right for them to be seen drunk in a party, which, though not very private with the guests around, is less public than in front of the public eyes.13Organized waste among consumers is the first condition of our industrial properity.If our industry is to develop quickly so the capitalists can make even more money, the first thing these people need to do is to deliberately produce things of poor quality that will not last long, or things that are easily dated in style. This way the consumers have to keep buying things.14…and you have the gospel of any leader of any modern industry.Any leader of any modern industry will accept this as the principle and act upon it.15The newspaper do their best to help those who help them.The newspaper do their best to help the industrialists who pay them millions and millions a year for advertisements.16The value of snobbery in general, its humanistic "point"…The value of snobbery in general, its value concerning human beings…17The society-snob must be perpetually lion-hunting…The society-snobs must try constantly to have famous people as their guests at social getherings or parties, or just try to get acquainted with them.18…because it compels the philistines to pay at least some slight tribute to the things of the mind and so helps to make the world less dangerously unsafe for ideas than it otherwise might have been.Those people who do not like or understand good art, music, literature, etc. and do not think they are important (here the author uses this word to refer to the people in power who only pay attention to material things) will have to at least show a little bit of respect for the products of the mind (ideas), instead of banning or not welcoming them. Thus it will be less dangerous and unsafe for things of the mind.pay (a) tribute to: show respect or admiration 表示敬意或推崇By erecting this statue we have paid a tribute to the memory of the founder of our university.19Each hierarchy culminates in its own particular Pope.Each group of people has its most highly esteemed snobbery.20People who possess sufficient leisure, sufficient wealth, not to mention sufficient health, …can not expect us to be very lavish in our solicitude and pity.Don't expect us to be generous in showing our concern and pity to those people who are leisured, wealthy and healthy.not to mention: without mentioning 更不用说We are too busy to take a long holiday this year, not to mention the fact that we can't afford it.21Even in France the American booze-snobbery, … is making headway among the rich.The American booze-snobbery starts to be popular among the rich people even in France.make headway: make progress 有进展Their scientific experiment has made much headway.22Thanks to modern machinery, production is outrunning consumption.Owing to modernized machines, production exceeds consumption.thanks to: owing to; as the result of 由于，因为Thanks to your help I passed the exam.23…the producer must do his bit by producing nothing but the most perishable articles.The producer tries his best to produce goods that go back easily only.do noe's bit: perform one's share of task 做份内之事 ; give as much help as is expected of one 尽力帮助The old professor did his bit to help the students finish the experiment.nothing but: only, meerly 只有，仅仅，只不过Nothing but a miracle can save him.24Which in fact he does do - on an enormous scale and to the tune of millions and millions a year - by means of advertising.Producers spend millions of dollars on advertisement to encourage modernity-snobbery greatly.On an enormous scale: to a large degree 大规模地They are preparing for war on an enormous scale.to the tune of: to the amount of 总数高达His company was fined to the tune of ten thousand dollars.by means of: through, with the help of 借，用Thoughts are expressed by means of words.25Then we shall condemn all snobberies out of hand.We shall scold all snobberies at once.out of hand: at once 立即The situation needs to be dealt with out of hand.。
自考高级英语下册Lesson 197737
• They are always on trial, always on the verge of failure, …
--they are watched and examined by others as a group and as an individual all the time and are always about to fail •
• on the verge of 处于…的边缘 • I’m on the verge of bursting into tears when
learning his victory. 得知他的胜利，我激动地几乎要哭出来了。
• collectively and individually: as a group and as an individual
• Young people are under great strain during the examination period.
• Examinations of all kinds put a great strain on young people.
• V. self-assured: adj. self-confident
• drain: v. to use too much of sth. so that there is not enough left 耗尽
drain sb./sth. of sth.
…time and success drained them of energy and ambition --Their energy and ambition are depleted (耗尽) by long years of effort and success; they no longer have energy and ambition because they are old and successful
自考高级英语下册课文讲解
I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject.我希望演讲者不要离题。
Confine your criticism to matters you understand. 发表评论不要超出自己所了解的范围。
11. justify (v): show that sb. / sth. is right , reasonable or just 表明是正当的，有理的，公正的
They found it hard to justify their son's giving up a secure well-paid job. 他们难以理解儿子竟放弃收入颇丰的稳定工作。Tiredness cannot possibly justify your treating staff this way. 你不能以疲劳为由就这样对待职工
remain in the press by making a contrast with television based on the date out of a survey.
Having sharply criticized the partisan bit and the abuse of the sacred right entrusted to the
She'll be glad to get the exam over with. 等考试结束她就高兴了。
He looked upon the wedding ceremony as a mere formality --- something to be got over with as quickly as possible. 他只把婚礼看成一种形式，一件应尽快了结的事。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_One_2
Lesson One The Company in Which I work Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time and success of energy and ambition.All of them are elderly now and are exhausted, both physically and mentally, by long years of striving to fulfill their ambition for success.2They seem…always courteous and mute when they ride with others in the public elevators.They always show good manners and do not say a word when they ride with others in the elevators that all company members can use.3They …make promotions…They … decide who are given higher positions…4…and allow their names to be used on announcements that are prepared and issued by somebody else.These announcements have to bear their names to be authoritative. Although they do not prepare and issue theseannouncements, they must allow their names to be used on them.5Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company (not even the people who are credited with running it), but the company does run.Even the managers at different levels who are thought to be managing the company don't know who really manages the company. This is because their responsiblities are limited. They are also afraid of their superiors. They appear to be running the company, but they do not have the final say. Nevertheless, the company goes in working order.6I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take his time and delay their delivery to people who have an immediate need for them.I will ignore him on most of our assignments and deliver them directly to people who need them. I prefer to do so becauseI do not want to take up his time and delay their delivery.7Green distrusts me fitfully.Green distrusts me from time to time.8He truns scarlet with rage and embarrassment if he has not seen or heard of it.His face turns red because of rage and embarrassment. He is extremely angry because the narrator does not show due repect to him as his boss. He feels embarrassed because it is considered his neglect of duty not to have seen or heard of it.9They are always on trial…They are always examined to see how well they do…10The strain, …, to look good on paper; and there is much paper for them to look good on.They work hard…to make their performances look good in written form, even if their performances may not be that good in reality. And there are a lot of documents such as records and reports, on which they have to make themselves look good.11When they are doing poorly, they are doing terribly.When they are doing badly, that is, when they fail to sell products, they are getting along terribly, that is, they are havinga terrible time.12When a salesman lands a large order or brings in an important new account…When a salesman obtains a large order of goods from a client or brings in an important new account receivable…13They are a vigorous, fun-loving bunch when they are not suffering abdominal cramps or brooding miserably about the future.Apart from this physical trouble in digestion, they are also worried about their future. Otherwise they are vigorous, struggling for success.14who he feels has a grudge against him and is determined to wreck his careerwho he feels has resentment against him and is determined to ruin his careers. This reveals the horrible human relationship in the corporation. People bear ill will against each other.15that they squander generously on other people in and out of the company.that they are generous in spending money on other people.16The company, in fact, will pay for their country club membership and all charges they incur there…The company encourages salesmen to establish good relationship with their clients, so it will pay the fees for them to be members of country clubs, and pay them back the money they spend there.17…it is difficult and dangerous for unmarried salesmen to mix socially with prominent executives and their wives or participate with them in responsible civic affairs.This is to indicate the danger of possible love affairs between unmarried salesman and the wives of prominent executives.With such a fear, prominent executives don't like to mix socially with unmarried salesmen. Yet prominent executives are the company's important clients, whom it cannot afford to lose. So the company does not employ unmarried salesmen in order to avoid such a difficult and dangerous situation.18They thrive on explicit guidance toward clear objectives.They succeed and become prosperous by following their boss's clearly expressed guidance.19There must be something in the makeup of a man that enables him not only be a salesman, but to want to be one.A man must have some special character and temperament to want to be a salesman.20…all that does matter is that the information come form a reputable source.…what is important is that the information should come from a respected source. So long as the source is reputable, they don't mind whether or not the information suits their individual case.21They are not expected to change reality, but merely to find it if they can and suggest ingenious ways of disguising it.This satirizes the nature of their work, which is to use some clever ways to cover up reality.22…in converting whole truths into half truths and half truths into whole ones.…in changing the whole truth into a half truth and changing a half truth into the whole truth. In either case, deception is done.23I am continuously astonished by people in the company who do fall victim to their own propaganda.This is a satire on the people who are deceived by their own propaganda.to fall victim to something: to become a victim of, or be deceived by something.24who graduated from a good business school with honors.who graduated from a good business school with special excellence, or at a level higher than the most basic level.This implies that they shouldn't have been deceived since they are intelligent people.25We goose-step in and goose-step out, change our partners and wander all about, and go back home till we all drop dead."to goose-step" originally means to march without bending the knees.We get inot and out of the company in a seemingly important but actually foolish manner. After work, we go out withpeople from other departments instead of our working partners and stay out late having fun and then go back home till we are so tired out as to fall asleep at once. We live like this day after day till we die.26This makes my boredom worse.This makes me feel even more bored.27I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receiveI feel extremely proud and self-conceited when I receive compliments.28I began constructing tables of organization…I began making systematic arrangements by way of tables…A table is a list of facts, information, etc. arranged in columns.29I call these charts my Happiness Charts.Happiness Charts are charts in which one can find happiness. Only when he was arranging these charts could he forget about his agony and feel happy.30These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits…Every time I do these exercises with ill desire to harm others, I feel I am in a much better mood…This is a dark satire on his inability to do anything against those he dislikes.31to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred meritto those young people the company is not yet an organization that has any important worth. If the company has any excellence that is extremely important to them, they will be loyal and stick to the company, instead of taking it as a temporary place to work.32…he would give you a resounding No!, regardless of what inducements were offered.…no matter what incentives might be offered, he would still say loudly that he would not work for the company all his life.33He makes it clear to me every now and then that…He makes it clear to me from time to time that…every now and then: from time to time 时而，不时He goes shopping with his wife every now and then.34And I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time…And I will not let him know on most of our assignments in order not to occupy his time…take up one's time: occupy one's time 占用某人的时间You shouldn't take up the manager's time.35Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial.Most of the work we do in my department is of small importance ultimately.in the long run: ultimately 最终地，终极地He will lose money in the longrun.36They are…, always on the verge of failure…They are always on the border of failure.on the verge of: very close to, on the border of 处于……的边缘The bride was on the verge of committing sucide.37for fear they may start doing worse.They are afraid that they may start doing worse.for fear: in order that…should not occur 以免…；唯恐...I daren't tell you what he did, for fear he should be angry with me.38For the most part, they are cheerful, confident and gregarious…。
自考高级英语下册Lesson 1
• bypass: n. 旁道
• v. to avoid obeying sb. [a rule, or system], in an official position 走旁道以绕过或避开ignore, avoid We manage to bypass the shopping center by taking side-streets. 我们尽量走小路以绕过购物中心区。 bypass a difficulty, problem take up one’s time: occupy one’s time占用某人时间
• on the verge of 处于…的边缘 • I’m on the verge of bursting into tears when
learning his victory. 得知他的胜利，我激动地几乎要哭出来了。
• collectively and individually: as a group and as an individual
• trial: (in the text) a short process during which you use sth. or employ sb. to find out whether they are satisfactory for a particular purpose or job试验；审讯；
• They are always on trial, always on the verge of failure, …
--they are watched and examined by others as a group and as an individual all the time and are always about to fail •
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Five_2
Lesson Five Trifles (Part One) Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1are all much bundled upall of them wear a lot of clothes2and would ordinarily be called more comfortable lookingin ordinary times you would say she is cheerful, relaxed looking woman3and you know Frankand you know what kind of person Frank is.4 a party telephone / linea telephone line shared by two or more houses, offices, etc.5that I didn't know as (that) what his wife wanted made much difference to John.It shows that even the neighbour knows that John Wright doesn't pay attention to his wife's needs, that he decides things in the family and that the wife has no say.6And kind of done up.She was, roughly speaking, dressed up.to do up: tidy oneself up, to dress up properly.7Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worrying about her preserves.The sheriff was very much surprised at Mrs. Wright's worry about her preserves. To him, since she was arrested for murder, she should worry about her own life, not such unimportant things as preserves.Can you beat that?Have you ever seen or heard anything as surprising as that?8…that would point to any motive…that would indicate why somebody should want to kill John Wright.9I shouldn't say she had the homemaking instinct.I thingk that it is because she lacks the instinct to mak the home a cheerful place.10I want to get the lay of things…I want to find out the layout of things upstairs, the arrangements of things upstairs11Of course it's no more than their duty.You can't blame them. They are only doing what their duty demands them to do.12but I guess that deputy sheriff … have got a little of this on.but the deputy sheriff might have made the roller towel dirty.13I wonder if it's all gone.I wonder if all the jars containing her preserved fruit were broken.14This all you was to take in?Are these all the things you are going to take in to Mrs. Wright?15I want you to know I had my hands full yesterday.I want you to know that I was very busy yesterday.have one's hands full: to be busy with something 忙于做事David always has his hands full with the work, so he seldom goes shopping with his wife.My daughter always has her hands full with her study.16I spoke to Wright about it once before and he put me off,…I talked about a party telephone with Wright once before but he made excuses to avoid installing a telephone.put somebody off: make excuses and try to avoid 闪避，敷衍He tried to put me off with vague promises.17To be sure.Yes.to be sure: it is admitted, granted 诚然，的确Tom is not rich, to be sure, but he is a gentleman.18But I would like to see what you take, Mrs. Peters, and keep an eye out for anything that might be of use to us.I would like to see what you take and check carefully whether there is something that might be useful to us.keep an eye on: keep a watch on 注意，留神Would you please keep an eye on my lugguage.19I think maybe that's why she kept so much to herself.I think maybe that's why she avoided meeting other people.keep to oneself: avoid meeting people 不与人交往Sally has kept to herself since her husband died.Hanent整理。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Ten_2
Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1How market leaders keep their edge.How leading companies in the market keep their competitive advantages.2Choosing one discipline to master does not mean that a company abandons the other two, only that it picks a dimension of value on which to stake its market reputation over the long term.When a company chooses one discipline to master, it does not mean that it must abandons the other two, it only means that it picks one aspect of value and risks its reputation upon the success of that value over a long period of time.3…operationally excellent companies provide middle-of-the-market products at the best price with the least inconvenience.…these companies are run so successfully as to be able to cut down their costs. They provide products of moderately good quality at relatively low prices with the least difficulty for customers to buy.4… offering products that push performance boundaries.These companies offer products with the best and latest performance (quality and fuction, etc.)."to push boundaries of something" means to raise something to the highest point it can reach.5Their proposition to customers is an offer of the best product, period.他们为顾客服务的宗旨是：提供最好的产品周期。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Twelve_2
Lesson Twelve The Everlasting Witness Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1 a thousand and one felicitous birdsa great number of birds singing merrily2Marian's brother-in-law read the English page, as dedicated as a nice little boy reading the funnies…the English page refers to the special page printed in English of the local paper.the funnies are comic strips in newspaper.Her brother-in-law read the English page with such great interest and attention that he did not join in the conversation. 3Theresa's bright smile had always been her mark and now, childless and with a husband beyond war age, and a life bothordered and gay, it looked as if that smile had justified itself.Theresa always had a bright smile which is typical of her character. It seemed reasonable for her to have the smile. Her husband was beyond war age so she did not have to worry about his being drafted for war. And they were leading an orderly and happy life without their children living with them.4Marian opened her mouth to tell them what she had done the night before and then she closed it on brioche, no words.She opened her mouth to say something, and then she changed her mind and bit the brioche instead, saying nothing.5the trip to Mexico was for her to find herself, get back on her feetthe trip to Mexico was for her to find out what kind of situation she was in and get rid of her mental suffering and return to her normal condition.on one's feet: be in good health after an illness 痊愈，复原It's nice to see you on your feet again.6who was Jerry's stepfather and therefore involved multifoldly in her sufferingJerry's stepfather was worried about his wife and, for her sake, about her son.7For the matter she would drive herself and keep the whole event within her control.She would drive her own car to the cinema. In this way she could have all the freedom and plenty of time to decide what to do, when to do it and how long it should take.8But that part had not worked because she hadn't been able to let it work.That part refers to her husband's assumption that she would not be able to find the newsreel in Mexico.But she was determined to find, and in fact had found three cinemas that had the newsreel on show. And because of that, her husband's assumption hadn't worked. In other words, it hadn't come true.9She had to manage him alone, had sometimes failed him, had sometimes been burdened too greatly.She alone had had to teach him how to behave, had sometimes disappointed him by not meeting his needs, and had sometimes had to bear too much work so as to keep the family going.10…but this had not given him a retroactive father for the twelve-thirteen-fourteen-year-old times of crisis.…but this had not given him a father whose help he had needed most in his difficult early teens. It is believed that the early teens are a critical period of time for the growth of a boy.11She could hardly remember now what happened to her after the notification.She could hardly remember now what happened to her after she was notified her son was missing in action.12Nightmares of looking for him over hills of rubbled dying…She had nightmares in which she was looking for him amony the dying soldiers lying in rubbles over one hill after another…13Once two indolent people in the seats next to theirs delayed them…Once two impolite people in the seats next to theirs were so lazy as not to stand up in time for them to pass…14Her husband was lost to her.She was so absorbed in the newsreel that she forgot about the presence of her husband.15But she knew that no emotion was pertinent.Watching those shining new weapons for death, she could not help but become emotional and her hands and her neck began to sweat. But she knew that it was not a time for her to bring in any emotion.pertinent: having to do with the matter in hand.16She felt her blood pricking along her temples and there was pressure in her chest below the hollow.She felt a sharp pain along ther temples as if the blood was bursting out and there was pressure on her heart.17So strong a hope must play delaying games.Marian strongly hoped to see Jerry, but at the same time she was afraid that it might not be Jerry. So, psychologically, she tried to put off that decisive moment for fear of being disappointed, thus feeling as if the scene was delayed in coming.18She got out of her seat still unconscious of her husband.This shows that her mind was fully occupied by what she had seen in the picture.19We ain't going to play up to this and grin from ear to ear to make out we're well off…We are not going to make use of this film to gain anything for ourselves and grin ear to ear to show that we arein pretty good condition.We are not going to put on smiles and look nice so as to pretend for the film we are happy as prisoners of war.play up to: flatter 献媚He always plays up to his political bosses.be well of: provided with enough supply 供应充裕的He is well off for bright ideas.20That was hope and she had to feed it.She had the feeling that the newsreel should last a little longer, and that gave her hope that her son might be still alive.She must keep this hope alive and go to see the newsreel in other cinemas.21Up to now Theresa went with her, or dropped her and picked her up.Up to now Theresa either went with her to the flower market, or drove her there, let her get out of the car and then drove back, and then came back at an appointed time to take her back home.22This is the day. But what day?This is the day for her to go and see the newsreel alone, to find out if her son is in the newsreel. But is it going to be a satisfying day? Will she see her son in the newsreel or not? These are Marian's inner thoughts.23…she would simply make waiting womanly and rational.she would endure all her emotional distress like a woman, waiting for her son to come back in a patient and reasonable manner.24The uncertainty was at last behind her.She no longer felt uncertain about her son's life. She had made a decision.25Now she could go, whatever was that need for buying flowers, taken care of.No matter what need it was for buying flowers, she had that need taken care of when she left the flowers in the woman's place. So now she could go to the cinema.26Everything was getting ready for this moment.This moment refers to watching the newsreel.27Either she could tolerate.she had made a decision, so she felt she could endure either-her son's death or his being alive.28It did not occur to her that the newsreel might not be there.She did not think of the possibility that the newsreel might not be there.29She came in the middle of a French costume picture.A French costume picture is a film in which the actors wear French historical clothes (古装片).30She had long ago given the boys names.She had seen the newsreel so many times that she was very familiar with the boy's faces and had given a name to each of them quite some time ago.31…she whispered to herself, forming the words to make them solid.…she actually spoke out the words in a soft voice to herself.32She knew she loves Chris that much because of her pent-up love and terror for Jerry.For a long time, she repressed her love and terror for Jerry and closely confined them to herself. Now she expressed those feelings by way of showing love to Chris.33She remembered faster than lightning many a cold remedy…She very quickly remembered may remedies for curing colds.34He grimaced with his mouth and the hand with the ring was lifted to catch the twitching, trying to hold it.His mouth twisted giving a painful expression and he lifted his hand to catch the uncotrollable jerking of the muscle, trying to stop it.35…and his mother drowned in those vacant eyes.…absorbed in those blank, expressionless eyes, the mother was overwhelmed by grief and fainted away.36She wanted to drive her car, in motion and tension to find rest.She wanted to drive her car to keep herself in motion and tension so that she could forget her worries and grief.37…sat on the curb with his knees doubled over into the gutter.…The idiot sat on the curb with his knees bent over into the gutter.The curb is the edge of the sidewalk along a street.The gutter is a channel at the side of a street for carrying off surface water.38But all the same it did come to the boy who might be Jerry.Nevertheless the film came to show the young man who might be Jerry.all the same: nevertheless 然而，仍然He is not very reliable, but I like him all the same.Thank you all the same.39With her eyes riveted on him she could still see Chris in the back.With her eyes staring at the young man who might be Jerry, she could still see Chris behind the young man.rivet on: fix one's eyes on 凝视Mary riveted her eyes on the scene.。
英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson_Two_2
Lesson Two Eveline Words and ExpressionsText Explanation1She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.It doesn't mean that she would still cry a little. The meaning is negative, indicating she would not feel sorry or sad to leave the Stroes.2People would treat her with respect then.In those days a married woman was more worthy of respect than an unmarried woman.3…and say what he would do to her only for her dead mother's sake.But for the sake of her dead mother, he said he would beat her.…并且说，要不是看在她死去的母亲的份上，看他会怎么对付她。
only for: but for要不是for somebody's sake (for the sake of somebody): for the benefit of; because of a desire for 为了…起见；为了…之好处She worked very hard for the sake of her child.4She had hard work to keep the house together…It wasn't easy for her to keep the family members together under the same roof.to keep house: 管家，持家；to keep the house together: 一家人团聚在一起5She always felt pleasantly confused.She was a girl in love with a sailor, so when Frank sang the song, she didn't know if he was merely singing the song about any girl in love with a sailor, or if he meant her who was in love with him, a sailor.6the different servicesthe different kinds of work on the ship7He had fallen on his feet in Buenos Ayres.He had settled dwon in Buenos Ayres.8I know these sailor chaps…I know what kind of people sailors are, fooling around with girls at every port of call （停靠港）.9laid its spell on the very quick of her being.Her mother's sad life cast a strong infulence on the deepest of her feelings.10she prayed to God to direct herWhen she didn't know what to do, she turned to God, a detail which showed how strong the infulence of religion was.11All the seas of the world…Her mind was in a turmoil. She was in a state of utter confusion.12Amid the seasAmid tintense mental struggle13Little Keogh used to keep nixLittle Keogh used to watch outkeep nix: watch out 警戒That little boy likes to keep nix for his brother.14She had always had on edge on her,…She had always had an advantage over herhave an edge on somebody: have an advantage over somebody 较某人占优势，胜过某人It's hard to have an edge on her in study.15When they were growing up he had never gone for her.When the children grew up, the father had never beaten Eveline.go for somebody: attack somebody 攻击某人The dog went for the postman as soon as he opened the garden gate.16She elbowed her way through the crowds and…She pushed her way through the crowdselbow one's way through: push one's way through 推挤向前A young girl elbowed her way through the crowds to shake hands with the movie star.17When she had been laid up for a day, he…When she stayed at home for a day because of illness, he…be laid up: be forced to stay in bed 被迫卧床休息My boss was laid up with a bad cold.。
自考高级英语下册Lesson_4_分解61页文档
自考高级英语下册Lesson_4_分解
1、纪律是管理关系的形式。——阿法 纳西耶 夫ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ2、改革如果不讲纪律，就难以成功。
3、道德行为训练，不是通过语言影响 ，而是 让儿童 练习良 好道德 行为， 克服懒 惰、轻 率、不 守纪律 、颓废 等不良 行为。 4、学校没有纪律便如磨房里没有水。 ——夸 美纽斯
5、教导儿童服从真理、服从集体，养 成儿童 自觉的 纪律性 ，这是 儿童道 德教育 最重要 的部分 。—— 陈鹤琴
31、只有永远躺在泥坑里的人，才不会再掉进坑里。——黑格尔 32、希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德 33、希望是人生的乳母。——科策布 34、形成天才的决定因素应该是勤奋。——郭沫若 35、学到很多东西的诀窍，就是一下子不要学很多。——洛克
自考高级英语下Lesson Is America Falling Apart
– the burgeoning market for digital cameras
Rugged & dogged
Lesson Fifteen
Is America Falling Apart?
at the drop of a hat
• at the drop of a hat: immediately and without pausing to think about what you are going to do
– a dogged determination to succeed
bizarre
• bizarre: very unusual or strange
– a bizarre coincidence
flower
• flower: to develop in a very successful way SYN flourish
– Some of these corporations threaten to sue at the drop of a hat.
Neo-
• Neo-: based on a style, set of ideas, or political system that existed in the past SYN new
– the economic and social conditions that will allow democracy to flower
filth
• filth: dirt, especially a lot of it
自考高级英语下Lesson Ill never escape the ghettoPPT课件
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ambitious
• having a strong desire for success or achievement • The ambitious project was completed in only nine months... • 这个规模宏大的项目只用了9个月就完成了。
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by choice
• not by chance; with intention; in an intentional manner • John helped his father by choice. • 约翰自愿帮他父亲。
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state of mind
• a temporary psychological state • He's in hospital, and in a confused state of mind. • 他住院了，意识仍然不清。
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demonstrate
• provide evidence for ; stand as proof of ; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes;
• You have to demonstrate that you are reliable ... • 你得证明自己是靠得住的。
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designation
• the act of putting a person into a non-elective position; • ...the designation of Madrid as European City of Culture 1992. • 马德里被命名为 1992 年度的欧洲文化之城
自考高级英语下Lesson Is America Falling Apart
wrest
• wrest: to take power or influence away from someone, especially when this is difficult
– They are fighting to wrest control of the party from the old leaders.
The judge cannot be faulted on his decision.
on the level of: in the aspect of, in connection with
Prime
• Prime: a book that contains basic information about something
The area is enveloped in a pall of neglect.
Clamor: to demand something loudly
clamor for The audience cheered, clamoring
for more. Glamorize: to make something seem more attractive than it really
– A conscientious teacher may feel inclined to take work home
– a conscientious and hard-working student
fault: to criticize someone or something for a mistake
is TV has been accused of
glam Conscientious
自考高级英语下Lesson On Human Nature and Politics
Muhammadan
• of or relating to the Arabian prophet Muhammad or to the religion he founded
• （伊斯兰教创始人）穆罕默德的伊斯兰教 （徒）的，回教的
come to grief
inactive
• not active or exerting influence • Some animals are inactive during the
daytime. • 有些动物白天不活动。
exquisite
• of delicate composition and artistry; • of extreme beauty; • The Indians brought in exquisite beadwork
psychoanalysis
• a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud;
vanity
• feelings of excessive pride • the quality of being valueless or futile • A man's vanity is actually in proportion to
his ignorance. • 一个人的虚荣心实际上是和他的愚蠢程度
viands at the slightest nod. • 只要他们轻轻点点头希腊奴隶就会供奉给
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the brief introduction of the story
• Eveline is one of the earliest and best of Joyce's short stories,excerpting from the Dubliners.
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.the Revelation of his Works
the dublin of his experience and imagination was the setting for all his major work.
Joyce had ever stated clearly the aim of his creation of Dubliners was to write a chapter for a moral history of his mother land
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Masterpieces
• Chamber Music《室内音乐》（1907）
• Dubliners《都柏林人》（1914） • A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《一个青年艺
术家的画像》（1916）
(Joyce’s semi-autobiographical novel. )
On the one hand,to denounce the moral paralysis, numbness and backwardness of the dubliners.
On the other hand,intend to arouse the awareness of people's senses.
Lesson Two Eveline
1
Profile James Joyce (1882- 1941)
• Irish novelist and poet, was born in Dublin.
• One of the most innovative novelists of the 20th century & one of the great masters of “the stream of consciousness”.
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现代主义小说的结构
• 在这种结构里，时间、空间、因果 等逻辑关系的观念已被突破，故事情 节的完整性和连贯性已被放到可有可 无的地位；只有意识在过去、现在和 将来往返穿梭，片段的回忆、破碎的 现实与残存的梦幻交织成一体，呈现 出一片光怪陆离的景象。
• 在个人经验与感觉的无限扩散与复 杂运动中，传统概念上的人物性格刻 画与故事高潮结局几乎不复存在，故 事情节是在对内心世界的描述中零零 碎碎地逐渐浮现出来的。
family religious bondage .
• In 1902, when he was 20, he and Nora who he eventually married , went to Europe , successively in France , Switzerland , Italy.
3
techniques
• In his writings, Joyce likes to use references to ancient stories and adopts a completely new style of writing which allows the reader to move inside the minds of the characters, and presents their thoughts and feelings in a continuous dream. This style is known as “stream of consciousness”, and it has had a powerful influence on the work of many other modernist writers.
• Exiles《流亡者》（1918） • Ulysses《尤里西斯》（1922）
(an experimental work both in language and devices of narration.)
• egans Wake《芬尼根的苏醒》（1939） • The Cat And The Devil《猫和魔鬼》（1936）
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Stream of Consciousness
• 意识流所追求的是将潜在于人们头脑里的 思绪和意识，将纷乱复杂、恍惚迷离的内心世 界直接地、原本地展现在读者的眼前。
• 意识流的叙述有很大的跳跃性，它将过去、 现在和将来相互交错；同时意识流的写法也具 有很大的凝聚力，它可以通过回忆、现实、幻 想和梦境等的较之组合，将以往，现在和未来 几年、十几年的经历压缩在十几个小时或一天 之内加以集中表现。
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the overview of Eveline
• the brief introduction of the story • the analysis of the protagonist,
Eveline Hill's characteristics. • the theme of the story.
• His artistic experiments in writing have recreated the form of modern novel.
2
Brief introduction of his • Fearing the econloifmeictpimreses and get rid of the
• In 1905,they and their children lived in Trieste , Italy , supported by his job as a language instructor.
• After 20 years in Paris , early in World War Ⅱ , moved to Zurich , where he died in 1941.