13年12月四级真题翻译题
2013年12月四级考试试题、原文翻译及答案解析
第一张Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks。
You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。
Read the passage through carefully before making your choices。
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter， Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage。
What does it take to be a well—trained nurse? The answer used to be two—year associate's or four—year bachelor’s degree programs。
But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing ”fast—track programs" that enable college graduates with no nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or so of 38 training。
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评：信息技术【原文】信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。
另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。
不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。
【参考译文】Nowadays, with the fast development of Information Technology, Chinese citizens are attaching more and more importance to it. Some schools and universities have even included Information Technology in their required courses, which has led to different opinions. Some people think it is unnecessary to make IT courses required, and students are supposed to take traditional courses. Oppositely, other people think it is necessary to do so, for China and its people should keep pace with the times. Either way, it is a good thing that Information Technology has attracted people's attention.【点评】段落翻译是本次考试的新题型之一，由考查简单的词组掌握、句型表达转为考查篇章整体表达，相比改革前的句子翻译，无论是分值还是难度都有所加大，对考生的能力水平要求更高。
2013年12月英语四级真题及答案详解
2013年12月英语四级真题作文一：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine.We both miss you and hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the nest time your computer crashes and you come down-stairs for something to eat,Love,Mom and Dad.”作文二：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain whydoesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.-“Once I learn how to use Google,isn’t that all the education I really need?”作文三：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasin,use of the mobile phone in people’s life and explain theConsequence of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.-注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
13.12-17.06英语四级翻译真题及范文
2013年12月【翻译原文一】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。
另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。
不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。
【参考译文一】With full speed development of the information technology, Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it. Some schools even take the information technology as a required course. For this phenomenon, different people have different opinion. Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned. While some others hold the opposite view, they believe that China should keep pace with the times. No matter how, it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.【参考译文二】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people hold different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.------------------------------------------------------------【翻译原文二】“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。
2013年12月英语四级真题答案及解析完整版
作文部分：范文一： The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of communication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of information.To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.范文二：It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile phones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great convenience to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf the Internet, or watch videos almost anywhere. However, the overuse of mobile phones also leads to some serious problems.The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relationship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people do not talk as much as before. For example, sometimes at dinner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each other, many people choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help people contacting friends far away more easily at the expense of reducing the communication with those who are sitting right next to them.In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in modern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology.范文三：The impact of the Internet on learningExplain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain informationIn the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet opens a magical portal for leaners to get access to seemingly incessant information. But is information equal to knowledge? “Once I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really need?” This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundant information, they will get proper education.The rea son why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their textbooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope ranging from the obtainment of practical skills to the development of characters, which are hard for students to learn simply by googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools that includes learning knowledge, conducting experiments and communicating with peers is what true education is.In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from the wrong.听力部分：1. C. Consult a travel agent.2. A. They are on a long trip by car.3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public.4. B. Purse further education.5. A. He would not be available to start the job in time.6. B. Mechanic.7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A. A problem caused by the construction.9. C. To place an order for some products.10. A. The person in charge is not in the office.11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51.12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking.13. A. He is getting too fat.14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise.15. C. To find a girlfriend.16-19音频无。
2013年12月份英语四级真题及答案
四级英语题型，总答题时间130分钟！1.听力理解听力对话听力短文2.阅读理解词汇理解长篇阅读仔细阅3.翻译汉译英4.作文请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试作文一：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine.We both miss you and hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the nest time your computer crashes and you come down-stairs for something to eat,Love,Mom and Dad.”作文二：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain whydoesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Once I learn how to use Google,isn’t that all the education I really need?”作文三：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasin,use of the mobile phone in people’s life and explain theConsequence of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013年12月大学英语四级真题答案及解析（详解）
2013年英语四级完整版答案作文部分： 范文一： The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of communication among p eople. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime any where. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on t he Internet and neglected face-to-face communication. As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estra nges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is t hat, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. To day, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full me ssage, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face c ommunication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of informatio n. To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situatio ns, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart. 范文二： It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile ph ones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great conveni ence to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf the Internet, or watch vi deos almost anywhere. However, the overuse of mobile phones also leads to some seri ous problems. The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relationship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people do not talk as much as before. For example, s ometimes at dinner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each other, many peo ple choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help peopl e contacting friends far away more easily at theexpense of reducing the communication with those who are sitting right next to them. In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in modern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology. 范文三： The impact of the Internet on learning Explain why education doesn ’t simply mean learning to obtain information In the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet opens a magical portal for leaner s to get access to seemingly incessant information. But is information equal to knowle dge? “Once “Once I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really need?”need?” This This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundan t information, they will get proper education. The reason why education doesn’t doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their t extbooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope ranging from the obtainment of pra ctical skills to the development of characters, which are hard for students to learn sim ply by googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools that includes learni ng knowledge, conducting experiments and communicating with peers is what true ed ucation is. In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from t he wrong. 听力部分： 1. C. Consult a travel agent. 2. A. They are on a long trip by car. 3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public. 4. B. Purse further education. 5. A. He would not be available to start the job in time. 6. B. Mechanic. 7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week. 8. A. A problem caused by the construction. 9. C. To place an order for some products. 10. A. The person in charge is not in the office. 11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51. 12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking. 13. A. He is getting too fat. 14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise. 15. C. To find a girlfriend. 16-19音频无。
2013年12月大学英语四级真题答案及解析(详解)
2013年英语四级完整版答案作文部分：范文一：The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of communication among p eople. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime any where. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on t he Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estra nges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is t hat, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. To day, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Interne t even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full me ssage, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face c ommunication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of informatio n.To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situatio ns, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.范文二：It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile ph ones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great conveni ence to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf the Internet, or watch vi deos almost anywhere. However, the overuse of mobile phones also leads to some seri ous problems.The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relationship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people do not talk as much as before. For example, s ometimes at dinner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each other, many peo ple choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help peopl e contacting friends far away more easily at theexpense of reducing the communicatio n with those who are sitting right next to them.In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in modern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology.范文三：The impact of the Internet on learningExplain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information In the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet opens a magical portal for leaner s to get access to seemingly incessant information. But is information equal to knowle dge? “Once I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really need?” This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundan t information, they will get proper education.The reason why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their t extbooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope ranging from the obtainment of pra ctical skills to the development of characters, which are hard for students to learn sim ply by googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools that includes learni ng knowledge, conducting experiments and communicating with peers is what true ed ucation is.In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from t he wrong.听力部分：1. C. Consult a travel agent.2. A. They are on a long trip by car.3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public.4. B. Purse further education.5. A. He would not be available to start the job in time.6. B. Mechanic.7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A. A problem caused by the construction.9. C. To place an order for some products.10. A. The person in charge is not in the office.11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51.12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking.13. A. He is getting too fat.14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise.15. C. To find a girlfriend.16-19音频无。
2013年12月英语四级真题及答案(第一套)
2013年12月英语四级真题（第一套）作文：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine.We both miss you and hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the nest time your computer crashes and you come down-stairs forsomething to eat,Love,Mom and Dad.”作文：As the depicted in the picture, theparents are communicating online with theirson who lives upstairs“…We look forwardto seeing u again the next your computercrashes…”Odd and funny though it sounds,we can not help feeling how seriously the Internet has impacted on the way people communicate. Even so, I think electronic communication can not replace face-to-face contact.First of all, electronic communication may sometimes be inefficient due to network or other interruption. Second, the information transferred via…To sum up, electronic communication will never take the place of the face-to-face contact and it is only a useful complement to face-to-face contact. After all, we all live in a real word, not a virtual one.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten. B) The man will soon start a business of his own.C) The man would like to be a high school teacher. D) The woman is going to major in child education.2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged. B) The sound equipment has to be set up.C) The conference room has to be cleaned. D) The video machine has to be checked.3. A) She is exhausted. C) She cannot finish work in time.B) She is near-sighted. D) She cannot go straight home.4. A) The woman is too particular about food. B) He would rather have a meal an hour later.C) The woman should order her food quickly. D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.5. A) He is not a good mechanic. B) He doesn’t keep his promises.C) He spends his spare time doing repairs. D) He is always ready to offer help to others.6. A) Sam has a big family to support.B) Sam is not interested in traveling.C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.D) The work hours in the travel agency are too long.7. A) International trade. B) Product development. C) Financial consulting. D) Domestic retailing.8. A) Go on a business trip. B) Look for a job in Miami.C) Make a ticket reservation. D) Take a vacationQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It is located on Route 18. C) It is a beautiful little town.B) It has an interesting museum. D) It lies seven miles east of Newton.10. A) They are in opposite directions. C) They are quite close to each other.B) They are fifty-five miles apart. D) They are a long drive from Norwalk.11. A) They are connected by Route 7. C) They have lots of old houses.B) They are crowded with tourists. D) They have many rare plants.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.B) Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.C) Fetch the documents signed by Mr. Gartner.D) Accompany Mr. Gartner to the Linate airport13. A) About 8:30. C) About 5:30. B) About 6:30. D) About 4:15.14. A) Mr. Gartner from Milan. C) The company's sales representativeB) Gianni Riva at Megastar D) Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce15. A) Travel agent. C) Secretary. B) Business manager. D) SaleswomanSection BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She had a desire to help others. C) She needed some overseas experience.B) She wanted to find out more about it. D) She was interested in farming.17. A) Carry out a cultural exchange program. C) Learn Portuguese.B) Work on an agricultural project. D) Teach English.18. A) She found it difficult to secure a job in her own country.B) She wanted to renew her contact with the Peace Corps.C) She was invited to work as an English teacher.D) She could not get the country out of her mind.19. A) By teaching additional English classes. B) By writing stories for American newspapers.C) By working part time for the Peace Corps. D) By doing odd jobs for local institutions. Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) Time spent exercising. C) Time spent on leisure activities.B) Time spent working. D) Time spent with friends and family.21. A) Reading. B) Surfing the Web. C) Eating out. D) Watching TV.22. A) Driving. B) Gardening. C) Going to the pub. D) Visiting friends.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.B) The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.C) McLaughlin was talking to his manager while driving.D) McLaughlin’s carelessness resulted in the collision.24. A) He crashed into a car parked there. C) He tore down the company's main gate.B) He knocked down several mailboxes. D) He did serious damage to a loaded truck.25. A) He will lose his job. C) He will be fined heavily.B) He will have to pay damages. D) He will receive retraining.Section CWhen Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate 26 , they replied, "Because it is right." If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wearpants 27 skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get 28 and very uninformative answers:" Because it’s right." "Because that’s the way it’s done." "Because it’s the 29 " Or even "I don't know." The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are 30 by social norms-shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms 31 how people "ought" to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform (遵守）to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they 32 In fact, we are much more likely to notice 33 from norms than conformity to them. You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little 34 if they bowed, started to stroke you, or kissed you on both 35 Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way. Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ATo get a sense of how women have progressed（进步，提高） in science take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California Berkeley. This is a storied place the N of some of the mostimportant discoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器)in 1931.A generation ago female faces were L and even today, visitors walking through the firstfloor of LeConte Hall will See a full corridor（走廊） of exhibits I the many distinguished physicistswho made history here, O all of there white malesBut climb up to the third floor and you'll see a F display. There, among the photos of current faculty（技能） members and students are portraits(肖像) of the D head of the department, Marjorie Shapiroand four other women whose research C everything from the mecheanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they're Still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real J may be in the smaller photos to the right graduate and undergraduate students about 20 percent of them female. Every years Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic but also M "I believe things are getting better "she says "but they're not getting betteras H as I would like."A)circumstance B)confidence C)covers D)current E)deals F)different G)exposing H)fast I)honoring J)hope K)presently L)rare M)realistic N)site（地点） O)virtually（差不多）Section BIs College a Worthy Investment?A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seemto agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investingso much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it's time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的）：is all this investment in college education really worth it?B) The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids’ the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they'renot the only ones... and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twiceas good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?E) Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, ‘.I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year.Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal governmenthas started dropping money out of airplanes." Aid has increased, subsidized （补贴的）loans have become available, and "the universities have gotten the money." Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees： "It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue."F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an "investmentin yourself." But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than halfof all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates weretold that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won't even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad's. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.G) It’s true about the money—sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分）for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But that’s not true of every student. It's very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. "Even with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated," he says. On the other hand, "if you’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it's not worth it." Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition (学费）rise can push those returns into negative territory.I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. "Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement," says Vedder. "In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender."J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. "You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth," says Heckman. "You may think that's a good thing, or you may not." Either way it will be expensive for the government.K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills一probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly： **People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that."L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style (学徒式）programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of "soft skills，" like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. "It’s about having mentors (指导者) and having workplace-based education,” he says. "Time and again I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. ‘‘Historically markets have been able to handle these things,” says Vedder, "and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn't improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘Why am I going to college?"46. Caplan suggests that kids who don't love school go to work.47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it.51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for theircollege loans.53. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.54. More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skillsbut also social skills.55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.Section CPassage OneA recent global survey of 2 000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的）about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. "Given the choice, they prefer to continue working." Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida，" he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire."We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement，" says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似）to being cast aside. What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution."Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的）chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance—an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.56. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertirees”？A) They are passionate about making a fortune.B) They have no choice but to continue working.C) They love what they do and choose not to retire.D) They will not retire unless they are compelled to.57. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?A) Neither of them is subject to forced retirement. B) Neither of them desires reward for their work.C) Both cling to their positions despite opposition. D) Both are capable of coping with heavy workloads.58. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research?A) The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be.B) The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be.C) Elderly people have to slow down to live longer.D) Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life.59. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?A) It means a burden to the younger generation.B) It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society.C) It is a compensation for one's life-long hard work.D) It helps increase a nation’s economic productivity.60. What do critics say about "nevertirees"?A) They are an obstacle to a company’s development.B) They lack the creativity of the younger generation.C) They cannot work as efficiently as they used to.D) They prevent young people from getting ahead.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt* the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt-and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.More than 20% overspent their income by more than $ 100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t knocking back $ 20 drinks in trendy (时尚的）lounges. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t sustainable in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条）they bought a decade earlier.A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off. "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future’" warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards."Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. "Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life* which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks,"61. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A) Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.B) Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.C) Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans.D) The American credit card system is under criticism.62. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?A) They tend to forget about the deadlines. B) They haven't developed a credit history.C) They are often unable to pay back in time. D) They are inexperienced in managing money.63. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?A) It will place an unnecessary burden on society. B) It will give them no motivation to work hard.C) It will exert psychological pressure on them. D) It will affect their future spending power.64. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?A) They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate.B) They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.C) Their quality of life will be affected.D) Their credit cards may be cancelled.65. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?A) They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.B) They lose large numbers of their regular clients.C) Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.D) Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.Part IV Translation许多人喜欢中餐。
2013年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析汇总
2013年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析汇总2013年12月14日15:21 来源：搜狐教育∙正文∙我来说两句(281人参与)手机客户端| 扫描到手机第1页 :2013年12月大学英语四级作文答案解析一、作文【作文(一)】The Impact of the Mobile Phone in People’s Life The thought-provoking drawing mirrors a common phenomenon in contemporary society that there is the negative influence of mobile phone. As is subtly shown in the picture，so many people are too much addicted to cell phones that they use walking sticks to see the road. What a meaningful cartoon!It is to me that indulging in mobile phones produces native influences on body and mind. First and foremost, overusing mobile phones is detrimental to physical health for watching mobiles for a long stretch definitely impairs one’s eyesight. Suppose that a man is addicted in cell phones in whatever situation, it will be very disadvantageous for him to concentrate on his work, learning, or daily life and is very likely to hurt him. Furthermore, overusing cell phones adversely affects state of mind. An addict may stay inside his bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors, which eventually prevents the growth of think skills.It is high time that we took effective measures to curb this trend.I cherish a belief that cell phones themselves are not good or bad and we can benefit a lot from it as long as we take a good control over them.【作文(二)】The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate网络对人们沟通产生的影响Internet does exert such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of people’s living and thinking. As is subtly revealed in the portrayal，there are two parents sitting in the front of computer，who are chatting with their child on the internet. What a meaningful picture!From my perspective, the electronic contact cannot replace face to face communication owing to the following factors. To begin with,over-reliance on electronic contact will damage the interpersonal relationship, for the cold machine never replaces a warm-hearted greeting face to face. For example, the aged parents would like their only son who works far away home to come back home more often rather than to talk with him on the internet occasionally. What’s more, face to face communication is preferable because it is beneficial to build a harmonious society, for it attaches more importance on human affection and feelings instead of convenience and speed.Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way. After all, Internet is invented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach. If we want to keep our interpersonal relationship more effectively, we should spend more time with them face to face in real life. Only in this way can we not only make full use of the communication tool on the net but also make our relationship tighter.二、听力测试【四级听力短对话】Question 1M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration.W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Question 2W: Is everything ready for the conference?M: The only thing left to do is set up the microphones and speakers. They'll be here in a few minutes.Q: What preparations have yet to be made?Question 3W: Is it almost time to go home now? I'm so tired. I can hardly see straight.M: Just a few more minutes, then we can go.Q: What is the woman’s problem?Question 4W: I'm not sure what I’m in a mood for. Ice-cream or sandwiches? They are both really good here.M: The movie starts in an hour. And we still have to get there and park. So just make a decision.Q: What does the man mean?Question 5W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he has time.M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q: What does the man imply about Tom?Question 6W: So you know that Sam turns down the job offered by the travel agency.M: Yes. The hours were convenient. But if he had accepted it, he wouldn’t be able to make ends meet.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Question 7M: Could you tell me a bit about the business your company is doing?W: We mainly deal with large volume buyers from western countries and our products have been well received.Q: What business is the woman’s company doing?Question 8W: Yesterday I made reservations for my trip to Miami next month.M: You must really be looking forward to it. You haven’t had any time off for at least two years.Q: What is the woman going to do?【四级听力长对话原文1】M: Excuse me, I need some information about some of the towns near here.W: What would you like to know?M: Well, first, I'd like directions to go to Norwalk. I believe there is an interesting museum there. It isn't far, is it?W: No, not at all. Norwalk is about eighteen miles east of here on Route 7. And you're right. It's a wonderful little museum.M: Oh good. Now what about Amitsville? I have some friends. I'd like to visit there and I also want to get to Newton. They are near each other, aren't they?W: Hmm... well, they are actually in opposite directions. Amitsville is northeast. It's about thirty five miles northeast of here.M: Huh-uh, thirty five miles northeast. And how about Newton?W: Well, Newton is in the other direction. It's southwest, so it isn't really very close to Amitsville at all and it's a long drive. It's about fifty five miles southwest from here and the road is not at all straight.M: Fifty five miles southwest! Well, maybe I won't go there this time.W: I'd recommend visiting Westfield or Great Town. They are both very close. Westfield is just seven miles west of here and Great Town is about five miles south. They are really pretty little towns with lots of old houses and beautiful tree-lined streets.M: I see. Seven miles west to Westfield and five miles south to Great Town. Good. Well, I think that's all the information I need for a while. Thank you. You've been very helpful.W: You're welcome, sir. I hope you enjoy your stay.Q9: What does the man know about Norwalk?Q10: What does the woman say about Amitsville and Newton?Q11: What do we learn about Westfield and Great Town?【四级听力长对话原文2】M: Err... Sandra, I've finished with Mr. Gordon now. Do you think you could pop through in bringing me up-to-date on their arrangements for the Italian trip?W: Certainly, Mr. Wilkinson. I'll bring everything with me.M: Right, take a seat. Now my first meeting is when?W: Your first meeting is on Monday the 21st at 9a.m. with Dr. Gucci of Bancos en Piedra in Milan.M: OK, so can I fly out early Monday morning?W: Well, there is a flight to Lenarty Airport which leaves at six thirty London time and gets in at eight thirty Italian time.M: Yeah, but that only leaves me thirty minutes to clear customs in getting to the city center and it means I have to check in by five thirty, which means leaving home at about four fifteen.W: I'm afraid so.M: Hmm... not so keen on that. What's the program for the rest of that day?W: It's quite full, I'm afraid. At eleven, you're seeing Jeana Rivard at Meg Star and then you'll have a lunch engagement with Gaven from the Chamber of Commerce at one.M: Where's that?W: You're meeting him at his office and then he's taking you somewhere.M: Good, that sounds fine. What about the afternoon?W: Well, at three thirty, you're seeing our sales representative there and then you're free till evening.M: I see. I seem to remember that I'm having a dinner with someone from Bergamo.W: That's right. And Mr. Betty from SAP Industries at eight.Q12: What would the man like the woman to do?Q13: At what time is Mr. Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport?Q14: Who is Mr. Wilkinson going to have a lunch with on Monday?Q15: What is most probably the woman's job?【听力短文】Listening Passage 1Donna Fredrick’s served with the Peace Corps for two years in Brazil. She joined the Peace Corps after she graduated from the college because she wanted to do something to help other people. She had been brought up on a farm, so the Peace Corps assigned her to a agricultural project. Before she went to Brazil, she studied Portuguese for three months. She also learnt a great deal about its history and culture. During her twoyears with the Peace Corps, Donna lived in a village in northeast Brazil. That part of Brazil is very dry and farming is often difficult there. Donna helped the people of the village to organise an arrigation project, and she also advised them on planting corps. They didn’t require much water. When Donna returned to the States, she couldn’t settle down. She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her. She couldn’t get Brazil out of her mind. Finally, one day she got on an plane and went back to Brazil. She wasn’t sure what she’s going to do. She just wanted to be there. After a few weeks, Donna found a job as an English teacher, teaching five classes a day. Like most of the teachers, she doesn’t make much money. She shares a small apartment with another teacher. And she makes a little extra money by sending stories to newspapers in the States. Eventually she wants to quit teaching and work as a full-time journalist.Question 16Why did Donna join the Peace Corps after she graduated from college?Question 17What was Donna assigned to do in Brazil?Question 18Why did Donna go back to Brazil once again?Question 19How did Donna make extra money to support herself?Listening Passage 2Results of a recent Harry’s pool on free time showed that the average work week for many Americans is 50 hours. With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of the household duties, there’s little time left for leisure activities for many Americans. However, having free time to relax and pursue hobbies is important. People need time away from the pressures of study or work to relax and enjoy time with friends and family. In many countries free time is spent in different ways. The results of a Harry’s pool showed that reading was the most popular spare time activity in the US. This was followed by watching TV. In a UK survey on leisure time activities, watching TV and videos was the most popular. Listening to the radio came second. In a similar survey conducted in Japan, the most popular free time activity was eating out. The second most popular activity was driving. There were also differences in the mostpopular outdoor pursuits between the three countries. The most popular outdoor activity for Americans was gardening. In the UK, it was going to the pub. In Japan, going to bars ranked eighth in popularity and gardening ranked ninth. Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time, there’s evidence to suggest that these interests are changing. In the US, for example, the popularity of computer activities is increasing. Many more people in the States are spending their free time surfing the web, emailing friends or playing games online.Question 20What is the recent Harry Pole about?Question 21What was the most popular leisure activity in the US?Question 22What was the most popular outdoor pursuit in the UK?Listening Passage 3On March 13th, while on duty Charles Mclaughlin, a very careless driver employed by the company Lummis was involved in another accident. The accident occurred in Riverside California. Not paying attention to his driving, Mclaughlin turned right on main street and 33rd street and hit Volkswagen rabbit. This caused minor damage to his truck and serious damage to the car. On the basis of the police report, the Lummis accident committee correctly determined that Mclaughlin had been quite careless. As a result of the committee’s conclusion, the branch manager Mr. David Rossi reported that he had talked with Mclaughlin about his extremely poor driving record. Further evidence of Mclaughlin's irresponsibility occurred on May 6th when he was returning from his shift. That day he ran into a roll-up door at the Lummis facility in Valero, causing significant damage to the door. Damage to the truck, however, was minor. Finally, on June 7th, Mclaughlin once again demonstrated his carelessness by knocking down several mail boxes near the edge of the company’s parking lot. There was damage to the mailboxes and minor damage to the truck. Mr. David Rossi stated that he had spoken with Mclaughlin on several occasions about his driving record. He added that he had warned Mclaughlin that three preventable accidents in one year could lead to his discharge, as indeed it should.23. What did the Lummis accident committee find out about the accident that occurred on March 13th?24. What did Mclaughlin do on June 7th near the edge of the company’s parking lot?25. What is most probably going to happen to Mclaughlin?【听力填空】：When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate apart and alone, they replied, “Because it is right.” If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants instead of skirts or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get similar and very uninformative answers because it’s right, because that’s the way it’s done, because it’s the custom or even I don’t know. The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are controlled by social norms shared rules or guide lines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms define how people ought to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they exist. In fact we are much more likely to notice departures from norms than conformity to them. You will not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little startled if they bowed, started to stroke you or kissed you on both cheeks. Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way.听力参考答案1-8 CACBA BDA9-11 CAB12-15 DADC16-19 暂无20-22 DAC23-25 ABD26-35 In addition; software; available; individuals; technological; manufacture; In short; By contrast; scientific; quantity三、选词填空【版本一】36. worsens37. experience38. specialized39. additional40.qualifies41. graduates42. trained43. demand44. tension45. view【版本二】36-45 N site、L rare、I honoring、F different、D current、C covers、J hope、M realistic、H fast四、阅读理解【长篇阅读】46-55 kcebh djclf【仔细阅读】第一篇56-60 cadcd 第二篇61-65abdbc五、翻译【翻译原文一】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题及答案（中国结）
【原文】"中国结
中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。
“结”在中文里意味这爱情丶婚姻和团聚，中国结常常作为礼物交换或作用饰品祈求好运和辟邪。
这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
【参考译文】"The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen. After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts. In ancient times，people use it to record the event，but now used mainly for decorative purposes. The knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese，knot is often used for jewelry as a gift exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits，This form of handicrafts from generation to generation, it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world。
2013年12月四级考试听力填空,翻译、作文原题和参考答案
听力填空部分原文和答案Many college students today owe personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $5,000 or more.(26),at is not uncommon for them to purchase(27)costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were(28), but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any,(29)purchased computers for home use . Over the years, the price of the “gats”of a computer—its memory—has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. Moreover, (30) improvements have made it possible to (31) memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use.(32) , as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.(33) , improved agricultural technology, hybrid(杂交) seeds,(34) animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expenses on food. Even though the(35)of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.答案：26-35 In addition; software; available; individuals; technological; manufacture; In short; By contrast; scientific; quantity翻译1、【原文】信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
2013年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析汇总
2013年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析汇总一、作文【作文(一)】The Impact of the Mobile Phone in People’s LifeThe thought-provoking drawing mirrors a common phenomenon in contemporary society that there is the negative influence of mobile phone. As is subtly shown in the picture，so many people are too much addicted to cell phones that they use walking sticks to see the road. What a meaningful cartoon!It is to me that indulging in mobile phones produces native influences on body and mind. First and foremost, overusing mobile phones is detrimental to physical health for watching mobiles for a long stretch definitely impairs one’s eyesight. Suppose that a man is addicted in cell phones in whatever situation, it will be very disadvantageous for him to concentrate on his work, learning, or daily life and is very likely to hurt him. Furthermore, overusing cell phones adversely affects state of mind. An addict may stay inside his bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors, which eventually prevents the growth of think skills.It is high time that we took effective measures to curb this trend. I cherish a belief that cell phones themselves are not good or bad and we can benefit a lot from it as long as we take a good control over them.【作文(二)】The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate网络对人们沟通产生的影响Internet does exert such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of people’s living and thinking. As is subtly revealed in the portrayal，there are two parents sitting in the front of computer，who are chatting with their child on the internet. What a meaningful picture!From my perspective, the electronic contact cannot replace face to face communication owing to the following factors. To begin with, over-reliance on electronic contact will damage the interpersonal relationship, for the cold machine never replaces a warm-hearted greeting face to face. For example, the aged parents would like their only son who works far away home to come back home more often rather than to talk with him on the internet occasionally. What’s more, face to face communication is preferable because it is beneficial to build a harmonious society, for it attaches more importance on human affection and feelings instead of convenience and speed.Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way. After all, Internet isinvented to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach. If we want to keep our interpersonal relationship more effectively, we should spend more time with them face to face in real life. Only in this way can we not only make full use of the communication tool on the net but also make our relationship tighter.二、听力测试【四级听力短对话】Question 1M: After high school, I’d lik e to go to college and major in business administration.W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Question 2W: Is everything ready for the conference?M: The only thing left to do is set up the microphones and speakers. They'll be here in a few minutes.Q: What preparations have yet to be made?Question 3W: Is it almost time to go home now? I'm so tired. I can hardly see straight.M: Just a few more minutes, then we can go.Q: What is the woman’s problem?Question 4W: I'm not sure what I’m in a mood for. Ice-cream or sandwiches? They are both really good here.M: The movie starts in an hour. And we still have to get there and park. So just make a decision.Q: What does the man mean?Question 5W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he has time.M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q: What does the man imply about Tom?Question 6W: So you know that Sam turns down the job offered by the travel agency.M: Yes. The hours were convenient. But if he had accepted it, he wouldn’t be able to make ends meet.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Question 7M: Could you tell me a bit about the business your company is doing?W: We mainly deal with large volume buyers from western countries and our products have been well received.Q: What business is the woman’s company doing?Question 8W: Yesterday I made reservations for my trip to Miami next month.M: You must really be looking forward to it. You haven’t had any time off for at least two years.Q: What is the woman going to do?【四级听力长对话原文1】M: Excuse me, I need some information about some of the towns near here.W: What would you like to know?M: Well, first, I'd like directions to go to Norwalk. I believe there is an interesting museum there. It isn't far, is it?W: No, not at all. Norwalk is about eighteen miles east of here on Route 7. And you're right. It's a wonderful little museum.M: Oh good. Now what about Amitsville? I have some friends. I'd like to visit there and I also want to get to Newton. They are near each other, aren't they?W: Hmm... well, they are actually in opposite directions. Amitsville is northeast. It's about thirty five miles northeast of here.M: Huh-uh, thirty five miles northeast. And how about Newton?W: Well, Newton is in the other direction. It's southwest, so it isn't really very close to Amitsville at all and it's a long drive. It's about fifty five miles southwest from here and the road is not at all straight.M: Fifty five miles southwest! Well, maybe I won't go there this time.W: I'd recommend visiting Westfield or Great Town. They are both very close. Westfield is just seven miles west of here and Great Town is about five miles south. They are really pretty little towns with lots of old houses and beautiful tree-lined streets.M: I see. Seven miles west to Westfield and five miles south to Great Town. Good. Well, I think that's all the information I need for a while. Thank you. You've been very helpful.W: You're welcome, sir. I hope you enjoy your stay.Q9: What does the man know about Norwalk?Q10: What does the woman say about Amitsville and Newton?Q11: What do we learn about Westfield and Great Town?【四级听力长对话原文2】M: Err... Sandra, I've finished with Mr. Gordon now. Do you think you could pop through in bringing me up-to-date on their arrangements for the Italian trip?W: Certainly, Mr. Wilkinson. I'll bring everything with me.M: Right, take a seat. Now my first meeting is when?W: Your first meeting is on Monday the 21st at 9a.m. with Dr. Gucci of Bancos en Piedra in Milan.M: OK, so can I fly out early Monday morning?W: Well, there is a flight to Lenarty Airport which leaves at six thirty London time and gets in at eight thirty Italian time.M: Yeah, but that only leaves me thirty minutes to clear customs in getting to the city center and it means I have to check in by five thirty, which means leaving home at about four fifteen.W: I'm afraid so.M: Hmm... not so keen on that. What's the program for the rest of that day?W: It's quite full, I'm afraid. At eleven, you're seeing Jeana Rivard at Meg Star and then you'll have a lunch engagement with Gaven from the Chamber of Commerce at one.M: Where's that?W: You're meeting him at his office and then he's taking you somewhere.M: Good, that sounds fine. What about the afternoon?W: Well, at three thirty, you're seeing our sales representative there and then you're free till evening.M: I see. I seem to remember that I'm having a dinner with someone from Bergamo.W: That's right. And Mr. Betty from SAP Industries at eight.Q12: What would the man like the woman to do?Q13: At what time is Mr. Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport?Q14: Who is Mr. Wilkinson going to have a lunch with on Monday?Q15: What is most probably the woman's job?【听力短文】Listening Passage 1Donna Fredrick’s served with the Peace Corps for two years in Brazil. She joined the Peace Corps after she graduated from the college because she wanted to do something to help other people. She had been brought up on a farm, so the Peace Corps assigned her to a agricultural project. Before she went to Brazil, she studied Portuguese for three months. She also learnt a great deal about its history and culture. During her two years with the Peace Corps, Donna lived in a village in northeast Brazil. That part of Brazil is very dry and farming is often difficult there. Donna helped the people of the village to organise an arrigation project, and she also advised them on planting corps. They didn’t require much water. When Donna returned to the States, she couldn’t settle down. She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her. She couldn’t get Brazil out of her mind. Finally, one day she got on an plane and went back to Brazil. She wasn’t sure what she’s going to do. She just wanted to be there. After a few weeks, Donna found a job as an English te acher, teaching five classes a day. Like most of the teachers, she doesn’t make much money. She shares a small apartment with another teacher. And she makes a little extra money by sending stories to newspapers in the States. Eventually she wants to quit teaching andwork as a full-time journalist.Question 16Why did Donna join the Peace Corps after she graduated from college?Question 17What was Donna assigned to do in Brazil?Question 18Why did Donna go back to Brazil once again?Question 19How did Donna make extra money to support herself?Listening Passage 2Results of a recent Harry’s pool on free time showed that the average work week for many Americans is 50 hours. With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of the household duties, there’s little time left for leisure activities for many Americans. However, having free time to relax and pursue hobbies is important. People need time away from the pressures of study or work to relax and enjoy time with friends and family. In many countries free time is spent in different ways. The results of a Harry’s pool showed that reading was the most popular spare time activity in the US. This was followed by watching TV. In a UK survey on leisure time activities, watching TV and videos was the most popular. Listening to the radio came second. In a similar survey conducted in Japan, the most popular free time activity was eating out. The second most popular activity was driving. There were also differences in the most popular outdoor pursuits between the three countries. The most popular outdoor activity for Americans was gardening. In the UK, it was going to the pub. In Japan, going to bars ranked eighth in popularity and gardening ranked ninth. Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time, there’s evidence to suggest that these interests are changing. In the US, for example, the popularity of computer activities is increasing. Many more people in the States are spending their free time surfing the web, emailing friends or playing games online.Question 20What is the recent Harry Pole about?Question 21What was the most popular leisure activity in the US?Question 22What was the most popular outdoor pursuit in the UK?Listening Passage 3On March 13th, while on duty Charles Mclaughlin, a very careless driver employed by the company Lummis was involved in another accident. The accident occurred in Riverside California. Not paying attention to his driving, Mclaughlin turned right on main street and 33rd street and hit Volkswagen rabbit. This caused minor damage to his truck and serious damage to the car. On the basis of the police report, the Lummis accident committee correctly determined that Mclaughlin had been quite careless. As a result of the committee’s conclusion, the branch manager Mr. David Rossi reported that he had talked with Mclaughlin about his extremely poor driving record. Further evidence of Mclaughlin's irresponsibility occurred on May 6th when he was returning from his shift. That day he ran into a roll-up door at the Lummis facility in Valero, causing significant damage to the door. Damage to the truck, however, was minor. Finally, on June 7th, Mclaughlin once again demonstrated his carelessness by knocking down seve ral mail boxes near the edge of the company’s parking lot. There was damage to the mailboxes and minor damage to the truck. Mr. David Rossi stated that he had spoken with Mclaughlin on several occasions about his driving record. He added that he had warned Mclaughlin that three preventable accidents in one year could lead to his discharge, as indeed it should.23. What did the Lummis accident committee find out about the accident that occurred on March 13th?24. What did Mclaughlin do on June 7th near t he edge of the company’s parking lot?25. What is most probably going to happen to Mclaughlin?【听力填空】：When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate apart and alone, they replied, “Because it is right.” If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants instead of skirts or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get similar and very uninformative answers because it’s right, because that’s the way it’s done, because it’s the custom or even I don’t know. The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are controlled by social norms shared rules or guide lines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms define how people ought to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they exist. In fact we are much more likely to notice departures from norms than conformity to them. You will not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little startled if they bowed, started to stroke you or kissed you on both cheeks. Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way.听力参考答案1-8 CACBA BDA9-11 CAB12-15 DADC16-19 暂无20-22 DAC23-25 ABD26-35 In addition; software; available; individuals; technological; manufacture; In short; By contrast; scientific; quantity三、选词填空【版本一】36. worsens37. experience38. specialized39. additional40.qualifies41. graduates42. trained43. demand44. tension45. view【版本二】36-45 N site、L rare、I honoring、F different、D current、C covers、J hope、M realistic、H fast四、阅读理解【长篇阅读】46-55 kcebh djclf【仔细阅读】第一篇56-60 cadcd 第二篇61-65abdbc五、翻译【翻译原文一】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评第一篇：2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评2013年12月英语四级翻译真题解析及点评：中餐（沪江网校版）2013年12月四级翻译原文：许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。
精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。
烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。
但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。
由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。
译文：Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine.In China, it is not only regarded as a craftsmanship, but also as an art.An exquisitely prepared Chinese cuisine is a feast for both the mouth and the eyes.The culinary skill and dish ingredients vary in different regions of China, but good Chinese cuisines always share something in common, i.e.the color,aroma, taste and nutrition.As food is vital for one’s health, a good chef always tries to strike a balance among grains, meat and vegetables.That’s why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.【点评】本段翻译原文是常见的中国文化题材：中餐（Chinese cuisine/Chinese food），用词也都是与食物相关的高频词汇，如“谷物”“肉类”“口感”“营养”等，也提示了考生在复习时可以通过主题分类进行词汇学习、记忆。
2013年12月英语四级翻译真题及其答案
第一版：【翻译原文】信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。
另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。
不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。
【参考译文】Nowadays, with the fast development of Information Technology, Chinese citizens are attaching more and more importance to it. Some schools and universities have even included Information Technology in their required courses, which has led to different opinions. Some people think it is unnecessary to make IT courses required, and students are supposed to take traditional courses. Oppositely, other people think it is necessary to do so, for China and its people should keep pace with the times. Either way, it is a good thing that Information Technology has attracted people's attention.第二版：【翻译原文】“你要茶还是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的题目，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人会选茶。
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题参考译文
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题参考译文【翻译原文】“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。
许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。
相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（The Qing Dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。
如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
【参考译文】As for the dinning people, ”Tea or Coffee?”is a question frequently asked. Coffee is usually the Westerns’first choice, while tea is the preferment of Chinese. Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor, who lived in 5000 years ago. At that time, tea is used to heal sickness. During Ming-Qing dynasties, teahouses are across the country. Tea drinking spread into Japanese as early as in the 6th century, yet it did not spread into Europe and America until the 18th century. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world. Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture.2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题参考译文及点评之二【原文】信息技术（Information Technology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。
2013年12月英语四级真题及答案(第一套)
2013年12月英语四级真题（第一套）作文：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother andI are fine.We both miss you and hope you aredoing well.We look forward to seeing youagain the nest time your computer crashesand you come down-stairs for something toeat,Love,Mom and Dad.”作文：As the depicted in the picture, the parents are communicating online with their son who lives upstairs“…We look forward to seeing u again the next your computer crashes…”Odd and funny though it sounds, we can not help feeling how seriously the Internet has impacted on the way people communicate. Even so, I think electronic communication can not replace face-to-face contact.First of all, electronic communication may sometimes be inefficient due to network or other interruption. Second, the information transferred via…To sum up, electronic communication will never take the place of the face-to-face contact and it is only a useful complement to face-to-face contact. After all, we all live in a real word, not a virtual one.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten. B) The man will soon start a business of his own.C) The man would like to be a high school teacher. D) The woman is going to major in child education.2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged. B) The sound equipment has to be set up.C) The conference room has to be cleaned. D) The video machine has to be checked.3. A) She is exhausted. C) She cannot finish work in time.B) She is near-sighted. D) She cannot go straight home.4. A) The woman is too particular about food. B) He would rather have a meal an hour later.C) The woman should order her food quickly. D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.5. A) He is not a good mechanic. B) He doesn’t keep his promises.C) He spends his spare time doing repairs. D) He is always ready to offer help to others.6. A) Sam has a big family to support.B) Sam is not interested in traveling.C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.D) The work hours in the travel agency are too long.7. A) International trade. B) Product development. C) Financial consulting. D) Domestic retailing.8. A) Go on a business trip. B) Look for a job in Miami.C) Make a ticket reservation. D) Take a vacationQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) It is located on Route 18. C) It is a beautiful little town.B) It has an interesting museum. D) It lies seven miles east of Newton.10. A) They are in opposite directions. C) They are quite close to each other.B) They are fifty-five miles apart. D) They are a long drive from Norwalk.11. A) They are connected by Route 7. C) They have lots of old houses.B) They are crowded with tourists. D) They have many rare plants.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.B) Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.C) Fetch the documents signed by Mr. Gartner.D) Accompany Mr. Gartner to the Linate airport13. A) About 8:30. C) About 5:30. B) About 6:30. D) About 4:15.14. A) Mr. Gartner from Milan. C) The company's sales representativeB) Gianni Riva at Megastar D) Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce15. A) Travel agent. C) Secretary. B) Business manager. D) SaleswomanSection BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She had a desire to help others. C) She needed some overseas experience.B) She wanted to find out more about it. D) She was interested in farming.17. A) Carry out a cultural exchange program. C) Learn Portuguese.B) Work on an agricultural project. D) Teach English.18. A) She found it difficult to secure a job in her own country.B) She wanted to renew her contact with the Peace Corps.C) She was invited to work as an English teacher.D) She could not get the country out of her mind.19. A) By teaching additional English classes. B) By writing stories for American newspapers.C) By working part time for the Peace Corps. D) By doing odd jobs for local institutions. Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) Time spent exercising. C) Time spent on leisure activities.B) Time spent working. D) Time spent with friends and family.21. A) Reading. B) Surfing the Web. C) Eating out. D) Watching TV.22. A) Driving. B) Gardening. C) Going to the pub. D) Visiting friends.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.B) The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.C) McLaughlin was talking to his manager while driving.D) McLaughlin’s carelessness resulted in the collision.24. A) He crashed into a car parked there. C) He tore down the company's main gate.B) He knocked down several mailboxes. D) He did serious damage to a loaded truck.25. A) He will lose his job. C) He will be fined heavily.B) He will have to pay damages. D) He will receive retraining.Section CWhen Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate 26 , they replied, "Because it is right." If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wearpants 27 skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get 28 and very uninformative answers:" Because it’s right." "Because that’s the way it’s done." "Because it’s the 29 " Or even "I don't know." The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are 30 by social norms-shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms 31 how people "ought" to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform (遵守）to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they 32 In fact, we are much more likely to notice 33 from norms than conformity to them. You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little 34 if they bowed, started to stroke you, or kissed you on both 35 Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way. Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ATo get a sense of how women have progressed（进步，提高） in science take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California Berkeley. This is a storied place the N of some of the mostimportant discoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器)in 1931.A generation ago female faces were L and even today, visitors walking through the firstfloor of LeConte Hall will See a full corridor（走廊） of exhibits I the many distinguished physicistswho made history here, O all of there white malesBut climb up to the third floor and you'll see a F display. There, among the photos of current faculty（技能） members and students are portraits(肖像) of the D head of the department, Marjorie Shapiroand four other women whose research C everything from the mecheanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they're Still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real J may be in the smaller photos to the right graduate and undergraduate students about 20 percent of them female. Every years Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic but also M "I believe things are getting better "she says "but they're not getting betteras H as I would like."A)circumstance B)confidence C)covers D)current E)deals F)different G)exposing H)fast I)honoring J)hope K)presently L)rare M)realistic N)site（地点） O)virtually（差不多）Section BIs College a Worthy Investment?A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seemto agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investingso much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it's time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的）：is all this investment in college education really worth it?B) The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids’ the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they'renot the only ones... and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twiceas good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?E) Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, ‘.I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year.Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal governmenthas started dropping money out of airplanes." Aid has increased, subsidized （补贴的）loans have become available, and "the universities have gotten the money." Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees： "It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue."F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an "investmentin yourself." But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than halfof all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates weretold that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won't even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad's. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.G) It’s true about the money—sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分）for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But that’s not true of every student. It's very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. "Even with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated," he says. On the other hand, "if you’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it's not worth it." Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition (学费）rise can push those returns into negative territory.I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. "Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement," says Vedder. "In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender."J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. "You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth," says Heckman. "You may think that's a good thing, or you may not." Either way it will be expensive for the government.K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills一probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly： **People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that."L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style (学徒式）programs, where kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of "soft skills，" like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. "It’s about having mentors (指导者) and having workplace-based education,” he says. "Time and again I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. ‘‘Historically markets have been able to handle these things,” says Vedder, "and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn't improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘Why am I going to college?"46. Caplan suggests that kids who don't love school go to work.47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it.51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for theircollege loans.53. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.54. More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skillsbut also social skills.55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.Section CPassage OneA recent global survey of 2 000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among US participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. "Many of these people made their wealth by doing something they're passionate (有激情的）about," says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. "Given the choice, they prefer to continue working." Barclays calls these people “nevertirees”.Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his own family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who's going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. "People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, and retire to Florida，" he says. He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire."We're beginning to see a change in how people view retirement，" says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似）to being cast aside. What Leeson terms "the Warren Buffett effect" is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to "view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution."Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient (坚韧的）chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance—an argument that typically holds little sway to a nevertiree.56. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertirees”？A) They are passionate about making a fortune.B) They have no choice but to continue working.C) They love what they do and choose not to retire.D) They will not retire unless they are compelled to.57. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?A) Neither of them is subject to forced retirement. B) Neither of them desires reward for their work.C) Both cling to their positions despite opposition. D) Both are capable of coping with heavy workloads.58. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research?A) The harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be.B) The earlier you retire, the healthier you will be.C) Elderly people have to slow down to live longer.D) Working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life.59. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?A) It means a burden to the younger generation.B) It is a symbol of a mature and civilized society.C) It is a compensation for one's life-long hard work.D) It helps increase a nation’s economic productivity.60. What do critics say about "nevertirees"?A) They are an obstacle to a company’s development.B) They lack the creativity of the younger generation.C) They cannot work as efficiently as they used to.D) They prevent young people from getting ahead.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt* the conversation is almost always about student loan debt. But there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-card debt-and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.More than 20% overspent their income by more than $ 100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t knocking back $ 20 drinks in trendy (时尚的）lounges. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t sustainable in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条）they bought a decade earlier.A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off. "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future’" warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards."Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. "Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life* which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks,"61. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A) Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.B) Credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life.C) Credit cards are doing more harm than student loans.D) The American credit card system is under criticism.62. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?A) They tend to forget about the deadlines. B) They haven't developed a credit history.C) They are often unable to pay back in time. D) They are inexperienced in managing money.63. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?A) It will place an unnecessary burden on society. B) It will give them no motivation to work hard.C) It will exert psychological pressure on them. D) It will affect their future spending power.64. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?A) They will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate.B) They may experience a financial crisis in their old age.C) Their quality of life will be affected.D) Their credit cards may be cancelled.65. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?A) They go bankrupt as a result of over-lending.B) They lose large numbers of their regular clients.C) Their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death.D) Their interest rates have to be reduced now and then.Part IV Translation许多人喜欢中餐。
2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)及答案解析---蔡
2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Dear Andy---How are you? Your mother and I are fine. We both miss you and hope you are doing well. We look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer crashes and you come downstairs for something to eat. Love, Mom and Dad.”_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. go to a place he has visitedB. make her own arrangementsC. consult a travel agentD. join in a package tour2. A. they are on a long trip by carB. they are stuck in a traffic jamC. they are used to getting up earlyD. they are tired of eating out at night3. A. he is a person difficult to deal withB. he dislikes any formal gatherC. he is unwilling to speak in publicD. he often keeps a distance from others4. A. work in another departmentB. pursue further educationC. recruit graduate studentsD. take an administrative job5. A. he would not be available to start the job in timeB. he is not quite qualified for the art director positionC. he would like to leave some more time for himselfD. he will get his application letter ready before May 16. A. cleaner B. mechanic C. porter D. salesman7. A. request one or two roommates to do the cleaningB. help Laura with her term paper due this weekendC. get Laura to clean the apartment herself this timeD. ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week8. A. a problem caused by the constructionB. an accident that occurred on the bridgeC. the building project they are workingD. the public transportation conditionQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. to look for a job as a salespersonB. to have a talk with Miss ThompsonC. to place an order for some productsD. to complain about a faulty appliance10. A. the person in charge is not in the officeB. the supplies are out of stock for the momentC. they failed to reach an agreement on the priceD. the company is re-cataloguing the items11. A. 0734,12536 extension 15B. 0734,21653 extension 51C. 0734,38750 extension 15D. 0734,62135 extension 51Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. since he found a girlfriendB. since he took to heavy smokingC. since he began to exercise regularlyD. since he started to live on his own13. A. he is getting too fatB. he smokes too muchC. he doesn’t eat vegetablesD. he doesn’t look well at all14 A. they are overweight for their ageB. they are respectful to their parentsC. they are still in their early twentiesD. they dislike doing physical exercise15 A. to quit smokingB. to reduce his weightC. to find a girlfriendD. to follow her adviceSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16 A. they have destroyed several small townsB. they will soon spread to San FranciscoC. they have injured many residentsD. they are burning out of control17. A. they have been hospitalizedB. they have got skin problemsC. they were choked by the thick smokeD. they were poisoned by the burning chemicals18 A. it failed because of a sudden rocket explosionB. it has been re-scheduled for a midday takeoffC. it has been cancelled due to technical problemsD. it was delayed for eleven hours and thirty minutes19 A. they made frequent long-distance calls to each otherB. they illegally used government computers in New JerseyC. they were found to be smarter than computer specialistsD. they were arrested for stealing government informationPassage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20.A. peaceful B. considerate C. generous D. cooperative21.A. someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryerB. someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading themC. Mindy Lance’s laundry blocked the way to the laundry roomD. Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbors22. A. asking the neighborhood committee for helpB. limiting the amount of laundry for each washC. informing the building manager of the matterD. installing a few more washers and dryersPassage threeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. she is both a popular and a highly respected authorB. she is the most loved African novelist of all timesC. she is the most influential author since the 1930sD. she is the first writer to focus on the fate of slaves24. A. The Book Critics Circles AwardB. the Nobel Prize for literatureC. the Pulizer Prize for fictionD. the National Book Award25. A. she is a relative of Morrison’sB. she is a slave from AfricaC. she is a skilled storytellerD. she is a black womanSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $5,000 or more. 26_______, it is not uncommon for them to purchase 27_________ costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were 28_________, but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any, 29________ purchased computers for home use. Over they years, the price of the “guts” of a computer --- its memory --- has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. 31_____ memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use. 32______, as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.33________, improved agricultural technology, hybrid(杂交) seeds, 34________ animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expense on food. Even though the 35______ of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ATo get a sense of how women have progressed in science. Take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36_______ some of the most important discoveries in modern science---starting with Ernest Lawrence’s invention of the cyclotron(回旋加速器) in 1931. a generation ago, female faces were 37_______ and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38_______ the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39_______ all of them white makes.But climb up to the third floor and you’ll see a 40______ display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41________head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42_______ everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just twoweeks ago. Although they’re still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43_______ may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country’s top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44______, “I believe things are getting better,”she says, “but they’re not getting better as 45________ as I would like.”A circumstanceB confidenceC coversD currentE dealsF differentG exposing H fast I honoringJ hope K presently L rareM realistic N site O virtuallySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is College a Worthy Investment?A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We allseem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it’s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious(大不敬的): is all this investment in college education really worth it?B) The answer, I fear, is no. for an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spentpursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-classhouseholds. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they’re not the only ones…and, of course, for an increasing number families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of acollege education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to education?E) Perhaps a bit, Richard V edder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, “I look at thedata, and I see college costs rising faster then inflation up the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year.Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.” Aid has increased, subsidized(补贴的) loans have become available, and “the universities have gotten the money.”Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book abut education, agrees: “It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an “investment inyourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More thanhalf of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households had increased more than five times since 1999. these graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won’t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad’s. for many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on lan balances in the tens of thousands.G) It’s true about the money---sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than peoplewho have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium(高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But tha t’s not true of every student. It’s very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize winning economist, has examined how the returns oneducation break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even with these high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated,: he says. On the other hand, “if you’re not college ready, then the answer is no, it’s not worth it.” Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition(学费) rise can push those returns into negative territory.I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we investin higher education---and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills. “Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement,”says Vedder. “In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender.”J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after25 years. But of course, that doesn’t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers.It also encourages graduated to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. “You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,” says Heckman. “You may think that’s a good thing, or you may not.” Either way it will be expensive for the government.K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills---probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: “People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. Tha t’s what we’ve learned, and public policy should recognize that.”L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style(学徒式) programs, where kids can learn in the workplace---learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of “soft skills,” like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. “It’s about having mentors(指导者) and having workplace-based education,”he says. “Time and again I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.”M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decision. “Historically markets have been able to handle these things,”says Vedder, “and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn’timprove soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘Why am I going to college?’”46. Caplan suggests that kids who don’t love school go to work.47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it.51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income fortheir college loans.53. Middle class Americans have highly valued a good education.54. More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only jobskills but also social skills.55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitablejob.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among U.S. participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. “Many of these people made their wealthy by doing something they’re passionate(有激情的) about,” says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. “Given the choice, they prefer to continue working.”Barclays calls these people “nevertirees.”Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his won family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who’s going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it’s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. “People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, are retire to Foloida,”he described one study one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.“We’re beginning to see a change in how people view retirement,”says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin(近似) to being cast aside. What Leeson terms “the Warren Buffett effect”is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to “view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution.”Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient(坚韧的) chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance---an argument that typically holds little sway to anevertiree.56. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertiree”?A. they are passionate about making a fortuneB. they have no choice but to continue workingC. they love what they do and choose not to retireD. they will not retire unless they are compelled to57. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?A. neither of them is subject to forced retirementB. neither of them desires reward for their workC. both cling to their positions despite oppositionD. both are capable of coping with heavy workloads58. What is the finding of Howard Friedman’s research?A. the harder you work, the bigger your fortune will beB. the earlier you retire, the healthier you will beC. elderly people have to slow down to live longerD. working at an advanced age lengthens people’s life59. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?A. it means a burden to the younger generationB. it is a symbol of mature and civilized societyC. it a compensation for one’s life-long hard workD. it helps increase a nation’s economics productivity60. What do critics say about “nevertirees?A. they are an obstacle to a company’s developmentB. they lack the creativity of the younger generationC. they cannot works as efficiently as they used toD. they prevent young people from getting aheadPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt. The conversation is almost always about student loan debt. but there’s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today’s young adults are also drowning in credit-care debt---and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month. Since they haven’t built up their credit histories yet, it’s a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.Although many young people blame “socializing”as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren’t knocking back $20 drinks in trendy(时尚的) lounges. They’re struggling with much more daily financial demands.To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn’t sustainable in the long run, and it’s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years. Because they’ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti（意式面条）they bought a decade earlier.A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating creditcard debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they’re slower at paying it off. “If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,” warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. “If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can’t pay off their credit cards.”Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. “Many people are borrow on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.”61. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debtsB. credit cards play an increasingly important role in college lifeC. credit cards are doing more harm than student loansD. the American credit card system is under criticism62. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?A. they tend to forget about the deadlinesB. they haven’t developed a credit historyC. they are often unable to pay back in timeD. they are inexperienced in managing money63. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?A. it will place an unnecessary burden on societyB. it will give them no motivation to work hardC. it will exert psychological pressure on themD. it will affect their future spending power64. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?A. they will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rateB. they may experience a financial crisis in their old ageC. their quality of life will be affectedD. their credit cards may be cancelled65. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?A. they go bankrupt as a result of over-lendingB. they lose large numbers of their regular clientsC. their clients leave their debts unpaid upon deathD. their interest rates have to be reduced now and thenPart IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1.中国结(the Chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的。
经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。
“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。
中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。
这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
2.许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。
精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。
但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。
由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。