PRFS-P2023-EVL中文资料

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拓普康GTS-722测量软件包-TopSURV操作指南

第一章总说明 (4)1.1 特殊按键 (4)1.2 菜单选择 (4)1.3通过键盘 (4)1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 按键输入 (5)特殊显示 (6)水平角输入 (6)主要特点 (7)第二章操作入门 (10)2.1 退出 (11)2.2 注意 (11)第三章作业 (12)3.1 打开 (13)3.1.1打开作业 (13)3.2 新建 (14)3.2.2新建作业 (14)3.3 设置 (14)3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 尺度比 (17)温度/气压 (17)单位 (18)显示 (18)3.4 导入 (19)3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 由作业导入 (19)由文件导入 (24)手簿导入 (25)编码库 (26)3.5 导出 (27)3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 导出到作业 (27)导出到文件 (31)导出到手簿 (32)编码库 (33)3.6 信息 (33)3.6.1作业信息 (33)第四章编辑 (35)4.1点 (36)4.1.1标记坐标点图标 (37)4.1.2显示 (38)4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 用点查找 (38)用编码查找 (39)编辑点/增加新点 (39)属性 (40)4.2 编码 (41)4.2.1编码-属性 (41)4.2.2属性 (42)4.3点列表 (44)4.3.1点列表列表 (44)4.3.2增加/编辑点列表 (45)4.4横断面模板 (47)4.5道路设计 (49)4.5.1起始点 (50)4.5.2水平定线 (50)4.5.3竖曲线 (53)4.5.4横断面模板 (55)4.5.5属性 (56)4.5.6计算道路点 (57)4.6 原始数据 (59)第五章测量 (61)5.1 测站点/BS 测量设置 (62)5.1.1 BS(后视)测量 (62)5.1.2后方交会 (64)5.1.3高程 (65)5.1.4多点BS观测 (66)5.1.5后视检查 (67)5.1.6观测集 (68)5.2 观测 (68)5.2.1侧视观测方向 (68)5.2.2 PTL模式 (70)5.2.3偏距 (71)5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 横断面测量 (82)查找桩号 (83)钢尺联测 (84)对边测量 (85)第六章放样 (87)6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 点放样 (88)放样 (88)按方向线放样点 (90)放样 (91)点列表放样 (91)6.6 放样 (92)6.7 道路放样 (92)6.7.1道路放样 (93)6.8 放样 (93)第七章COGO (95)7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 反算 (96)交点 (97)点到线的反算 (99)方向线上的点 (100)尺度比 (101)平移 (102)旋转 (104)面积计算 (105)第八章图形处理 (107)附录：数据格式 (109)A) GTS-7 原始数据文件格式 (109)B) GTS-7 坐标格式 (113)C) DXF 格式（标准图形交换格式） (114)D) 横断面格式 (116)E) 点编码格式 (117)F) 水平定线（AL） (118)G) 垂直曲线（VC） (119)H) GTS-6 原始数据格式 (119)I) GTS-6 坐标格式 (120)J) FC-5 原始数据格式 (121)K) FC-5 坐标格式 (121)L) GTS-7 坐标数据格式 (123)第一章总说明1.1特殊按键[ENT]—回车键最常用，它常用于”观测”,或当出现一个警告或者提示后，回车键用于进一步的操作。

transcad 标准版 2023

一、TransCAD 标准版 2023 简介TransCAD 是一款专业的交通规划与管理软件，被广泛应用于城市交通规划、公共交通管理、交通工程设计等领域。

TransCAD 标准版2023 是 TransCAD 系列软件的最新版本，具有更强大的功能和更高的性能，为用户提供了更好的交通规划与管理解决方案。

二、TransCAD 标准版 2023 的功能特点1. 空间分析功能：TransCAD 标准版 2023 支持空间数据的导入、编辑和分析，可以进行空间地图的绘制、空间分析和空间优化，满足用户对地理空间数据的需求。

2. 网络分析功能：TransCAD 标准版2023 具备强大的网络分析功能，支持交通网络的建模和分析，可以进行交通网络的优化、路径分析等操作。

3. 空间交通模型：TransCAD 标准版 2023 提供了丰富的空间交通模型，包括交通需求、交通量分析、交通流模拟等功能，可以帮助用户进行交通规划和管理。

4. 公交管理：TransCAD 标准版 2023 支持公交线路的设计、优化和管理，能够帮助用户提高公共交通系统的效率和服务水平。

5. 交通仿真：TransCAD 标准版 2023 提供了交通仿真功能，可以对交通系统进行模拟、评估和优化，为交通决策提供科学依据。

三、TransCAD 标准版 2023 的应用领域1. 城市交通规划：TransCAD 标准版 2023 可以帮助城市交通规划师进行交通需求分析、交通模拟和交通规划，为城市交通建设提供科学依据。

2. 公共交通管理：TransCAD 标准版 2023 可以用于公交线路设计、公交运营管理和公交服务水平评估，提高公共交通系统的运营效率。

3. 交通工程设计：TransCAD 标准版 2023 可以用于交通网络设计、交通流分析和交通设施规划，帮助交通工程师进行交通系统的设计和优化。

4. 地理信息系统：TransCAD 标准版 2023 可以与地理信息系统（GIS）进行集成，为用户提供更全面的空间分析和空间规划功能。

毕业设计（论文）-果实采摘机械手的设计与仿真

This paper is based on SolidWorks, which establishes the model of three-dimensional
and simulation analysis of the mechanism. According to the results of simulation and
1.3 国内研究成果及现状 .......................................................................................... 65
1.4 主要研究的内容 .................................................................................................. 65
果实采摘机械手的设计与仿真
摘要：果实采摘工作具有较强的复杂性和较低的自动化程度，目前国内水果的采
摘工作主要靠手工完成。21 世纪是农用机械化向智能自动化机械过渡的关键时期，
工业智能自动化对现代农业发展规模化、多样化和精确化十分重要。本文针对小
型柑橘进行采摘机械手的设计，实现果实的全程自动化采摘。
本文通过对果实采摘机械手的采摘环境和采摘特点进行分析，提出一种六自由
manipulator, and puts forwards to a six-degree-of- freedom small citrus picking series
manipulator. Through the design of three kinds of end executor mechanical structure,

contextcapture_2023_中文说明文档_概述及范文模板

contextcapture 2023 中文说明文档概述及范文模板1. 引言1.1 概述:本文是针对contextcapture 2023软件的中文说明文档，旨在为用户提供对该软件的综合了解和操作指南。

通过读取本文，用户将了解到contextcapture 2023的功能特点、适用范围以及主要使用方法。

1.2 文章结构:本文分为引言、正文、章节三、章节四和结论五个部分。

引言部分主要介绍了文章的概要内容和结构安排，使读者能够对文章有一个整体的把握。

接下来的正文部分将详细介绍contextcapture 2023软件的各项功能及其使用方法。

章节三和章节四将进一步扩展讨论有关该软件的相关主题。

最后，在结论部分，我们将对全文进行总结，并提供一些额外信息供读者参考。

1.3 目的:本文的目标是帮助用户全面了解contextcapture 2023软件，并掌握其基本使用方法。

通过阅读本文，用户可以快速上手并运用该软件进行相关工作。

我们将尽力提供清晰明了、简洁直观且易于理解的说明，以确保用户能够充分利用contextcapture 2023的强大功能。

2. 正文正文部分将详细介绍ContextCapture 2023的功能和用法。

ContextCapture 是一款先进的三维现实建模软件，能够从不同来源的数据中生成高质量的3D模型。

该软件结合了无人机航拍、地面摄影测量、激光扫描等技术，可以应用于城市规划、土地管理、遗址保护等领域。

2.1 数据导入ContextCapture 2023支持多种数据格式的导入，包括图像序列、点云数据以及实时流媒体数据。

用户可以通过简单的操作将这些不同源头的数据导入到软件中进行处理。

2.2 图像处理在导入数据后，ContextCapture 2023会自动对图像进行校正和处理，以提升三维重建质量。

该软件具备先进的图像匹配和特征提取算法，能够快速而准确地识别出每张图像之间的相似性，并根据图片间共同特征进行匹配。

纯电车型整车性能集成探究

86AUTO TIMENEW ENERGY AUTOMOBILE | 新能源汽车纯电车型整车性能集成探究1　引言随着物质文明进步，消费者对汽车的需求已由最初的运输和代步工具转变成了更高层次的要求。

除空间等基本需求外，消费者关注点逐渐转变到汽车内在性能好坏，如动力性、安全性、可靠性等。

汽车开发方式也顺理成章实现了由结构开发向性能开发为主导的转变。

汽车性能在整车开发过程扮演着越来越重要的角色，整车性能集成也尤为关键，它决定了整车最终呈现的状态。

而现今在越来越多纯电车型的涌现，纯电车型性能技术也应运而生。

因此，在纯电车型开发中，探究整车性能集成技术的应用尤为重要，它与传统燃油车型的要求不同，对纯电车型进行区别探究，可制定出更具适应性的开发方案。

2　整车性能集成技术概述汽车性能是指和整车产品有关的各项性能指标的综合体，是用户感知和判断产品优劣的重要参考，性能来源于用户的使用感受，是用户需求的直接体现。

汽车结构是汽车性能的载体，而汽车性能是汽车结构的表现。

纯电车型汽车性能与传统燃油车型汽车性能相比，有相同的部分，亦有不同的部分，新增性能属性有：充电显示及交互，纯电续航，充/放电性能、电池特性等，传统性能模块主要区别在于动力系统不同，对应的动力系统性能呈现不同，这是最大的区别。

当然，动力系统的不同也会影响到其他性能的设计，比如动力系统相关的冷却性能，采用的冷却设计方案不同，环保性能中排放，因为使用电池电机电控的使用，没有废气排放，故而在纯电项目是不适用，底盘和NVH 性能的呈现也有不同等等，具体下一节中会详述各部分的不同，见图1。

3　纯电车型整车性能集成技术内容纯电车型与传统燃油车型并未完全创新，有相同之处，也有差异化的属性，与传动能源车型有差异化属性包括：动力性能，驾驶性能，传动系统性能，空调，制动，NVH 性能等，新能源车型新增性能属性有：充电显示及交互，纯电续航，充/放电性能、电池特性等。

纯电车型整车性能集成分类如下表1。

SIMATIC Visualization Architect系统手册

危险表示如果不采取相应的小心措施，将会导致死亡或者严重的人身伤害。
警告表示如果不采取相应的小心措施，可能导致死亡或者严重的人身伤害。
小心表示如果不采取相应的小心措施，可能导致轻微的人身伤害。
注意表示如果不采取相应的小心措施，可能导致财产损失。
当出现多个危险等级的情况下，每次总是使用最高等级的警告提示。如果在某个警告提示中带有警告可能导致人身伤害的警告三角，则可能在该警告提示中另外还附带有可能导致财产损失的警告。
安全性信息
1
基本知识
2
SIMATIC
安装
3
TIA-Portal
元素和基本设置
4
SIMATIC Visualization Architect
使用 SiVArc
5
系统手册
使用 SiVArc 表达式
6
参考
7
SiVArc 消息
8
在线帮助打印输出 07/2016
在线帮助打印输出
法律资讯警告提示系统ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
为了您的人身安全以及避免财产损失，必须注意本手册中的提示。人身安全的提示用一个警告三角表示，仅与财产损失有关的提示不带警告三角。警告提示根据危险等级由高到低如下表示。
2.3
关于使用 SiVArc 的基础知识..........................................................................................17
2.4
支持的设备......................................................................................................................21

EICAD3.0说明.pdf

EICAD简介目录1. 目录 (2)2. 1.系统概况 (3)2.1 1.1 创新道路设计领域的“建筑信息模型BIM”理念 (4)2.2 1.2 构建智能化实体及其内部关联 (4)2.3 1.3 高交互式和可视化地创建道路模型 (4)2.4 1.4 出色的可视化性能 (4)2.5 1.5 突破内存限制的64位操作系统，支持大型工程设计项目 (4)3. 2.数字地面模型 (4)3.1 2.1 支持大型数据集、多种显示模式的数模实体 (6)3.2 2.2 MeshEditor程序支持快捷、高效的模型编辑 (6)3.3 2.3 支持道路设计过程中实时剖切 (6)3.4 2.4 进行场地整平设计 (6)4. 3.路线平面设计 (6)4.1 3.1 智能化“道路中线”实体 (7)4.2 3.2 更加快捷的平面设计和编辑功能 (7)4.3 3.3 实时联动设计 (7)5. 4.纵断面设计 (7)5.1 4.1 “拉坡图”实体 (8)5.2 4.2 智能化“竖曲线”实体 (8)5.3 4.3 实时变化的监视断面 (8)6. 5.横断面设计 (8)6.1 5.1 路基模板实体 (9)6.2 5.2 超高实体 (9)6.3 5.3 边坡模板实体 (9)6.4 5.4 道路模型实体 (9)7. 6.图表生成 (9)7.1 6.1 智能“图框”实体 (10)7.2 6.2 图纸集管理 (10)1. 目录1 系统概况(见 [标题编号.])1.1 创新道路设计领域的"建筑信息模型BIM"理念1.2 构建智能化实体及其内部关联1.3 高交互式和可视化地创建道路模型1.4 出色的可视化性能1.5 突破内存限制的64位操作系统，支持大型工程设计项目2 数字地面模型(见 [标题编号.])2.1 支持大型数据集、多种显示模式的数模实体2.2 MeshEditor程序支持快捷、高效的模型编辑2.3 支持道路设计过程中实时剖切2.4 进行场地整平设计3 路线平面设计(见 [标题编号.])3.1 智能化"道路中线"实体3.2 更加快捷的平面设计和编辑功能3.3 实时联动设计4 纵断面设计(见 [标题编号.])4.1 "拉坡图"实体4.2 智能化"竖曲线"实体4.3 实时变化的监视断面5 横断面设计(见 [标题编号.])5.1 路基模板实体5.2 超高实体5.3 边坡模板实体5.4 道路模型实体6 图表生成(见 [标题编号.])6.1 智能"图框"实体6.2 图纸集管理2. 1.系统概况1. 系统概况狄诺尼集成交互式道路与立交设计系统EICAD 3.0汇集了近十年来公路与城市道路设计领域的理论创新成果；全面贯彻了全三维化设计的新理念，设计过程中可实时观察道路模型的三维状态；实现了一套智能化自定义实体及其底层联动机制，通过夹点编辑和双击编辑功能，设计命令大大减少，而设计功能更加丰富，可大幅度提高设计效率。

利维顿制造公司Provolt房间控制器（PRC）说明书

Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Lighting & Controls10385 SW Avery Street, Tualatin, OR 97062 tel 800-736-6682 tech line (6:00AM-4:00PM PT Mon-Fri) 800-959-6004 ©2023 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.DescriptionThe Leviton exclusive Provolt™ Room Controllers (PRC) offer high performance, code compliant, advanced room configuration in one easy-to-install device. Installers can download the Provolt Bluetooth Mobile App for quick-and-easy room configuration and testing with any iOS or Android device.The PRC’s features meet advanced design requirements for single room/area dimming applications offering easyconfiguration and operational testing for single 0-10V manual dimming zone, occupancy sensing, plug load control, partial-ON, partial-OFF, two daylight harvesting zones, area control and demand response.Automatic Room ConfigurationThe industry-exclusive enhanced automation feature optimizes lighting by monitoring and adjusting to new technology introduced to a room while preventinginterferences to the PRCs signal during the life of the product.• Initial power-up automatically starts room specific calibration• Automatic Daylight Harvesting Calibration (AutoCal)• Continual room optimization• Room behavior and trending data adjusts automatic OFF timer• Ultrasonic (U/S) sensor sensitivity adjustments to reduce false ONs and false OFFs• U/S processing keeps room lighting operational by detecting other U/S sources and adjusting or shutting lights OFF as required• Uploading and downloading room configuration templates reduces errors, speeds installation and testing and troubleshootingProvolt™ 0-10V Dimming Room Controllers (PRC)Easy-to-Install Self-Contained Lighting Control SolutionFeatures• Can be used to comply with IECC, ASHRAE 90.1. and 2022 Title 24, Part 6- Occupancy/vacancy sensing - 0-10V dimming - Daylight harvesting - Partial-ON, partial-OFF - Demand response- Receptacle control requirements• Available in 450 to 2,000 square foot field-of-view units• Uses U/S (Doppler shift) motion detection gives maximum sensitivity and PIR motion detection and prevents false triggers• Manual area control available for 3-way/multi-wayapplications with the Provolt (PL VSW) keypads (must all be same style)• Manual control for single area dimming (dim bothprimary and secondary daylighting zones up and down simultaneously)• AutoCal feature—Digital Daylighting Level automatically calibrates photocell to specified lighting design• Simplified daylight harvesting control of primary andsecondary daylighting zones with full range 0-10V dimming • Primary zone dimmed up and down from photocell• Secondary zone dimmed up and down with offset from primary zone• Two light pipes are included for both open (angled) and closed loop (flat and angled) daylight harvesting• The angled light pipe provides directional fine tuning and alignment to natural light source for closed loop applications• Ladderless Commissioning™ and programming through Bluetooth-enabled iOS or Android smart devices• Visual RGB LED indicator for status and troubleshootingLight PipePRC DaylightingScreen PRC Status ScreenFeatures, cont’d• Easily test room configuration using a smart device as a calibration, measurement and testing tool• Connect a OPP20 power pack to a two circuit room controller for a plug load control solution• Industry-exclusive H.I.S. (High Inrush Stability) technology • Tested to 1.2 million switching cycles under standard loads• Zero-crossing circuitry for extended life of the relay • Latching relay provides dependability and robust performance for all load types• Industry-exclusive “fail safe” circuitry: in the event ofproduct failure, return-to-close feature causes the relay to default ON which eliminates life safety concerns App FeaturesEasily download the Provolt Bluetooth Mobile App to an iOS or Android smart device and pair to the PRC using Bluetooth technology.• Create custom templates for easy multi-room replication of room controller settings• Select between Auto-ON/Auto-OFF and Manual-ON/Auto-OFF• Enable/disable partial-ON and partial-OFF and set the partial-ON and partial-OFF levels • Set occupancy sensor time-out• Set secondary timer for partial-OFF to full-OFF state (infinity by default)• Set vacancy and secondary timeouts between 30s-30mins • Enable/disable receptacle/HVAC control for secondary relay•Set the offset of the secondary daylight zone based off increase/decrease DDL, fade rate, dim to min, dim to OFF • Manually adjust DDL set point to fine tune for room type after auto-configuration• Over-the-Air (OTA) updates: allows userto update PRC firmware in the field via the App • Reset to factory defaultsPlacement DiagramsClosed Loop Mode• Angled light pipe angled toward work surface• Mounted 12 feet of window • Mounted in locationoptimized to prevent falseoccupancy triggersSingle Room Single Daylighting ControlLine VoltageSensorLine Voltage (both lines MUST be fed from the sam Line 1 (L1)Load 2 IN (L2)Neut. NLine120-277VAC,50/60HzLoad 20-10V runs CLASS 1 or CLASS 2 per NEC staSingle Room Multiple Daylighting ControlLineNeutral SensorLine (L1)Load OUT (L1)Neut. NLoad Line120-277VAC,50/60HzLine Voltage (both lines MUST be fed from the same phase)0-10V runs CLASS 1 or CLASS 2 per NEC standardsWiring DiagramsLeviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Lighting & Controls10385 SW Avery Street, Tualatin, OR 97062 tel 800-736-6682 tech line (6:00AM-4:00PM PT Mon-Fri) 800-959-6004 ©2023 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.Field of View DiagramsExtended Range - BlackMulti-Tech Models - extended range,black lens15151010550TOP VIEWMid-Range Lens - Red*See the PRC Application Cookbook for additional wiring diagrams.Installation• Easy installation into junction boxes with Leviton-exclusive screw guides, coasters and terminal blocks • Front cover snaps on and off for ease of installation• Sensors conveniently mount to a standard 4” x 4” square or octagon electrical box per NEC standards. The square junction box requires a mud ring.• Color matching via paintable front cover4”x4” Cosmetic AdapterAngled light pipeScrew GuidesFlat light pipePL VSW-1LW PL VSW-2LW PL VSW-4LWProvolt Low Voltage Keypads are available in 1, 2, and 4 button options. See ordering information or the Provolt Low Voltage Keypads Data Sheet for more information.SpecificationsLeviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Lighting & Controls10385 SW Avery Street, Tualatin, OR 97062tel800-736-6682 tech line (6:00AM-4:00PM PT Mon-Fri) 800-959-6004 ©2023 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.*Replace x to indicate color: White (W), Ivory (I), Light Almond (T), Gray (G), Black (E) and Red (R). Color change kits are blank and available for custom engraving for button markings.G-9661K/F23-mmREV JUL 2023Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Lighting & Controls10385 SW Avery Street, Tualatin, OR 97062 tel 800-736-6682 tech line (6:00AM-4:00PM PT Mon-Fri) 800-959-6004Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Global Headquarters201 North Service Road, Melville, NY 11747-3138 tel 800-323-8920 tech line (8:00AM-10:00PM ET Mon-Fri, 9:00AM-7:00PM ET Sat, 9:00AM-5:00PM ET Sun) 800-824-3005Visit our Website at: /provolt©2023 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.。

Glider Flying Handbook说明书

Glider Flying Handbook2013U.S. Department of TransportationFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONFlight Standards Servicei iPrefaceThe Glider Flying Handbook is designed as a technical manual for applicants who are preparing for glider category rating and for currently certificated glider pilots who wish to improve their knowledge. Certificated flight instructors will find this handbook a valuable training aid, since detailed coverage of aeronautical decision-making, components and systems, aerodynamics, flight instruments, performance limitations, ground operations, flight maneuvers, traffic patterns, emergencies, soaring weather, soaring techniques, and cross-country flight is included. Topics such as radio navigation and communication, use of flight information publications, and regulations are available in other Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publications.The discussion and explanations reflect the most commonly used practices and principles. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Persons working towards a glider rating are advised to review the references from the applicable practical test standards (FAA-G-8082-4, Sport Pilot and Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Knowledge Test Guide, FAA-G-8082-5, Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide, and FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide). Resources for study include FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-2, Risk Management Handbook, and Advisory Circular (AC) 00-6, Aviation Weather For Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel, AC 00-45, Aviation Weather Services, as these documents contain basic material not duplicated herein. All beginning applicants should refer to FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, for study and basic library reference.It is essential for persons using this handbook to become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The AIM is available online at . The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and learning statements for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from .This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook, dated 2003. Always select the latest edition of any publication and check the website for errata pages and listing of changes to FAA educational publications developed by the FAA’s Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630.This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from .This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:********************************************John M. AllenDirector, Flight Standards Serviceiiii vAcknowledgmentsThe Glider Flying Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America (SRCA). The FAA wishes to acknowledge the following contributors: Sue Telford of Telford Fishing & Hunting Services for images used in Chapter 1JerryZieba () for images used in Chapter 2Tim Mara () for images used in Chapters 2 and 12Uli Kremer of Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co for images used in Chapter 2Richard Lancaster () for images and content used in Chapter 3Dave Nadler of Nadler & Associates for images used in Chapter 6Dave McConeghey for images used in Chapter 6John Brandon (www.raa.asn.au) for images and content used in Chapter 7Patrick Panzera () for images used in Chapter 8Jeff Haby (www.theweatherprediction) for images used in Chapter 8National Soaring Museum () for content used in Chapter 9Bill Elliot () for images used in Chapter 12.Tiffany Fidler for images used in Chapter 12.Additional appreciation is extended to the Soaring Society of America, Inc. (), the Soaring Safety Foundation, and Mr. Brad Temeyer and Mr. Bill Martin from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their technical support and input.vv iPreface (iii)Acknowledgments (v)Table of Contents (vii)Chapter 1Gliders and Sailplanes ........................................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1-1 Gliders—The Early Years ..............................................1-2 Glider or Sailplane? .......................................................1-3 Glider Pilot Schools ......................................................1-4 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot Schools ...................................1-5 14 CFR Part 61 Instruction ........................................1-5 Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements ...................1-5 Common Glider Concepts ..............................................1-6 Terminology...............................................................1-6 Converting Metric Distance to Feet ...........................1-6 Chapter 2Components and Systems .................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Glider Design .................................................................2-2 The Fuselage ..................................................................2-4 Wings and Components .............................................2-4 Lift/Drag Devices ...........................................................2-5 Empennage .....................................................................2-6 Towhook Devices .......................................................2-7 Powerplant .....................................................................2-7 Self-Launching Gliders .............................................2-7 Sustainer Engines .......................................................2-8 Landing Gear .................................................................2-8 Wheel Brakes .............................................................2-8 Chapter 3Aerodynamics of Flight .......................................3-1 Introduction....................................................................3-1 Forces of Flight..............................................................3-2 Newton’s Third Law of Motion .................................3-2 Lift ..............................................................................3-2The Effects of Drag on a Glider .....................................3-3 Parasite Drag ..............................................................3-3 Form Drag ...............................................................3-3 Skin Friction Drag ..................................................3-3 Interference Drag ....................................................3-5 Total Drag...................................................................3-6 Wing Planform ...........................................................3-6 Elliptical Wing ........................................................3-6 Rectangular Wing ...................................................3-7 Tapered Wing .........................................................3-7 Swept-Forward Wing ..............................................3-7 Washout ..................................................................3-7 Glide Ratio .................................................................3-8 Aspect Ratio ............................................................3-9 Weight ........................................................................3-9 Thrust .........................................................................3-9 Three Axes of Rotation ..................................................3-9 Stability ........................................................................3-10 Flutter .......................................................................3-11 Lateral Stability ........................................................3-12 Turning Flight ..............................................................3-13 Load Factors .................................................................3-13 Radius of Turn ..........................................................3-14 Turn Coordination ....................................................3-15 Slips ..........................................................................3-15 Forward Slip .........................................................3-16 Sideslip .................................................................3-17 Spins .........................................................................3-17 Ground Effect ...............................................................3-19 Chapter 4Flight Instruments ...............................................4-1 Introduction....................................................................4-1 Pitot-Static Instruments ..................................................4-2 Impact and Static Pressure Lines................................4-2 Airspeed Indicator ......................................................4-2 The Effects of Altitude on the AirspeedIndicator..................................................................4-3 Types of Airspeed ...................................................4-3Table of ContentsviiAirspeed Indicator Markings ......................................4-5 Other Airspeed Limitations ........................................4-6 Altimeter .....................................................................4-6 Principles of Operation ...........................................4-6 Effect of Nonstandard Pressure andTemperature............................................................4-7 Setting the Altimeter (Kollsman Window) .............4-9 Types of Altitude ......................................................4-10 Variometer................................................................4-11 Total Energy System .............................................4-14 Netto .....................................................................4-14 Electronic Flight Computers ....................................4-15 Magnetic Compass .......................................................4-16 Yaw String ................................................................4-16 Inclinometer..............................................................4-16 Gyroscopic Instruments ...............................................4-17 G-Meter ........................................................................4-17 FLARM Collision Avoidance System .........................4-18 Chapter 5Glider Performance .............................................5-1 Introduction....................................................................5-1 Factors Affecting Performance ......................................5-2 High and Low Density Altitude Conditions ...........5-2 Atmospheric Pressure .............................................5-2 Altitude ...................................................................5-3 Temperature............................................................5-3 Wind ...........................................................................5-3 Weight ........................................................................5-5 Rate of Climb .................................................................5-7 Flight Manuals and Placards ..........................................5-8 Placards ......................................................................5-8 Performance Information ...........................................5-8 Glider Polars ...............................................................5-8 Weight and Balance Information .............................5-10 Limitations ...............................................................5-10 Weight and Balance .....................................................5-12 Center of Gravity ......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Forward ofForward Limit .......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Aft of Aft Limit ..5-13 Sample Weight and Balance Problems ....................5-13 Ballast ..........................................................................5-14 Chapter 6Preflight and Ground Operations .......................6-1 Introduction....................................................................6-1 Assembly and Storage Techniques ................................6-2 Trailering....................................................................6-3 Tiedown and Securing ................................................6-4Water Ballast ..............................................................6-4 Ground Handling........................................................6-4 Launch Equipment Inspection ....................................6-5 Glider Preflight Inspection .........................................6-6 Prelaunch Checklist ....................................................6-7 Glider Care .....................................................................6-7 Preventive Maintenance .............................................6-8 Chapter 7Launch and Recovery Procedures and Flight Maneuvers ............................................................7-1 Introduction....................................................................7-1 Aerotow Takeoff Procedures .........................................7-2 Signals ........................................................................7-2 Prelaunch Signals ....................................................7-2 Inflight Signals ........................................................7-3 Takeoff Procedures and Techniques ..........................7-3 Normal Assisted Takeoff............................................7-4 Unassisted Takeoff.....................................................7-5 Crosswind Takeoff .....................................................7-5 Assisted ...................................................................7-5 Unassisted...............................................................7-6 Aerotow Climb-Out ....................................................7-6 Aerotow Release.........................................................7-8 Slack Line ...................................................................7-9 Boxing the Wake ......................................................7-10 Ground Launch Takeoff Procedures ............................7-11 CG Hooks .................................................................7-11 Signals ......................................................................7-11 Prelaunch Signals (Winch/Automobile) ...............7-11 Inflight Signals ......................................................7-12 Tow Speeds ..............................................................7-12 Automobile Launch ..................................................7-14 Crosswind Takeoff and Climb .................................7-14 Normal Into-the-Wind Launch .................................7-15 Climb-Out and Release Procedures ..........................7-16 Self-Launch Takeoff Procedures ..............................7-17 Preparation and Engine Start ....................................7-17 Taxiing .....................................................................7-18 Pretakeoff Check ......................................................7-18 Normal Takeoff ........................................................7-19 Crosswind Takeoff ...................................................7-19 Climb-Out and Shutdown Procedures ......................7-19 Landing .....................................................................7-21 Gliderport/Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations .....7-22 Normal Approach and Landing ................................7-22 Crosswind Landing ..................................................7-25 Slips ..........................................................................7-25 Downwind Landing ..................................................7-27 After Landing and Securing .....................................7-27viiiPerformance Maneuvers ..............................................7-27 Straight Glides ..........................................................7-27 Turns.........................................................................7-28 Roll-In ...................................................................7-29 Roll-Out ................................................................7-30 Steep Turns ...........................................................7-31 Maneuvering at Minimum Controllable Airspeed ...7-31 Stall Recognition and Recovery ...............................7-32 Secondary Stalls ....................................................7-34 Accelerated Stalls .................................................7-34 Crossed-Control Stalls ..........................................7-35 Operating Airspeeds .....................................................7-36 Minimum Sink Airspeed ..........................................7-36 Best Glide Airspeed..................................................7-37 Speed to Fly ..............................................................7-37 Chapter 8Abnormal and Emergency Procedures .............8-1 Introduction....................................................................8-1 Porpoising ......................................................................8-2 Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIOs) ..............................8-2 PIOs During Launch ...................................................8-2 Factors Influencing PIOs ........................................8-2 Improper Elevator Trim Setting ..............................8-3 Improper Wing Flaps Setting ..................................8-3 Pilot-Induced Roll Oscillations During Launch .........8-3 Pilot-Induced Yaw Oscillations During Launch ........8-4 Gust-Induced Oscillations ..............................................8-5 Vertical Gusts During High-Speed Cruise .................8-5 Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Landing ......8-6 Glider-Induced Oscillations ...........................................8-6 Pitch Influence of the Glider Towhook Position ........8-6 Self-Launching Glider Oscillations During Powered Flight ...........................................................8-7 Nosewheel Glider Oscillations During Launchesand Landings ..............................................................8-7 Tailwheel/Tailskid Equipped Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings ..................................8-8 Aerotow Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ............8-8 Abnormal Procedures .................................................8-8 Towing Failures........................................................8-10 Tow Failure With Runway To Land and Stop ......8-11 Tow Failure Without Runway To Land BelowReturning Altitude ................................................8-11 Tow Failure Above Return to Runway Altitude ...8-11 Tow Failure Above 800' AGL ..............................8-12 Tow Failure Above Traffic Pattern Altitude .........8-13 Slack Line .................................................................8-13 Ground Launch Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ....................................................................8-14 Abnormal Procedures ...............................................8-14 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-14 Self-Launch Takeoff Emergency Procedures ..............8-15 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-15 Spiral Dives ..................................................................8-15 Spins .............................................................................8-15 Entry Phase ...............................................................8-17 Incipient Phase .........................................................8-17 Developed Phase ......................................................8-17 Recovery Phase ........................................................8-17 Off-Field Landing Procedures .....................................8-18 Afterlanding Off Field .............................................8-20 Off-Field Landing Without Injury ........................8-20 Off-Field Landing With Injury .............................8-20 System and Equipment Malfunctions ..........................8-20 Flight Instrument Malfunctions ................................8-20 Airspeed Indicator Malfunctions ..........................8-21 Altimeter Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Variometer Malfunctions ......................................8-21 Compass Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Glider Canopy Malfunctions ....................................8-21 Broken Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Frosted Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Water Ballast Malfunctions ......................................8-22 Retractable Landing Gear Malfunctions ..................8-22 Primary Flight Control Systems ...............................8-22 Elevator Malfunctions ..........................................8-22 Aileron Malfunctions ............................................8-23 Rudder Malfunctions ............................................8-24 Secondary Flight Controls Systems .........................8-24 Elevator Trim Malfunctions .................................8-24 Spoiler/Dive Brake Malfunctions .........................8-24 Miscellaneous Flight System Malfunctions .................8-25 Towhook Malfunctions ............................................8-25 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-25 Drogue Chute Malfunctions .....................................8-25 Self-Launching Gliders ................................................8-26 Self-Launching/Sustainer Glider Engine Failure During Takeoff or Climb ..........................................8-26 Inability to Restart a Self-Launching/SustainerGlider Engine While Airborne .................................8-27 Self-Launching Glider Propeller Malfunctions ........8-27 Self-Launching Glider Electrical System Malfunctions .............................................................8-27 In-flight Fire .............................................................8-28 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ...................8-28 Survival Gear Checklists ..........................................8-28 Food and Water ........................................................8-28ixClothing ....................................................................8-28 Communication ........................................................8-29 Navigation Equipment ..............................................8-29 Medical Equipment ..................................................8-29 Stowage ....................................................................8-30 Parachute ..................................................................8-30 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-30 Accident Prevention .....................................................8-30 Chapter 9Soaring Weather ..................................................9-1 Introduction....................................................................9-1 The Atmosphere .............................................................9-2 Composition ...............................................................9-2 Properties ....................................................................9-2 Temperature............................................................9-2 Density ....................................................................9-2 Pressure ...................................................................9-2 Standard Atmosphere .................................................9-3 Layers of the Atmosphere ..........................................9-4 Scale of Weather Events ................................................9-4 Thermal Soaring Weather ..............................................9-6 Thermal Shape and Structure .....................................9-6 Atmospheric Stability .................................................9-7 Air Masses Conducive to Thermal Soaring ...................9-9 Cloud Streets ..............................................................9-9 Thermal Waves...........................................................9-9 Thunderstorms..........................................................9-10 Lifted Index ..........................................................9-12 K-Index .................................................................9-12 Weather for Slope Soaring .......................................9-14 Mechanism for Wave Formation ..............................9-16 Lift Due to Convergence ..........................................9-19 Obtaining Weather Information ...................................9-21 Preflight Weather Briefing........................................9-21 Weather-ReIated Information ..................................9-21 Interpreting Weather Charts, Reports, andForecasts ......................................................................9-23 Graphic Weather Charts ...........................................9-23 Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast ..............9-23 Composite Moisture Stability Chart .....................9-24 Chapter 10Soaring Techniques ..........................................10-1 Introduction..................................................................10-1 Thermal Soaring ...........................................................10-2 Locating Thermals ....................................................10-2 Cumulus Clouds ...................................................10-2 Other Indicators of Thermals ................................10-3 Wind .....................................................................10-4 The Big Picture .....................................................10-5Entering a Thermal ..............................................10-5 Inside a Thermal.......................................................10-6 Bank Angle ...........................................................10-6 Speed .....................................................................10-6 Centering ...............................................................10-7 Collision Avoidance ................................................10-9 Exiting a Thermal .....................................................10-9 Atypical Thermals ..................................................10-10 Ridge/Slope Soaring ..................................................10-10 Traps ......................................................................10-10 Procedures for Safe Flying .....................................10-12 Bowls and Spurs .....................................................10-13 Slope Lift ................................................................10-13 Obstructions ...........................................................10-14 Tips and Techniques ...............................................10-15 Wave Soaring .............................................................10-16 Preflight Preparation ...............................................10-17 Getting Into the Wave ............................................10-18 Flying in the Wave .................................................10-20 Soaring Convergence Zones ...................................10-23 Combined Sources of Updrafts ..............................10-24 Chapter 11Cross-Country Soaring .....................................11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Flight Preparation and Planning ...................................11-2 Personal and Special Equipment ..................................11-3 Navigation ....................................................................11-5 Using the Plotter .......................................................11-5 A Sample Cross-Country Flight ...............................11-5 Navigation Using GPS .............................................11-8 Cross-Country Techniques ...........................................11-9 Soaring Faster and Farther .........................................11-11 Height Bands ..........................................................11-11 Tips and Techniques ...............................................11-12 Special Situations .......................................................11-14 Course Deviations ..................................................11-14 Lost Procedures ......................................................11-14 Cross-Country Flight in a Self-Launching Glider .....11-15 High-Performance Glider Operations and Considerations ............................................................11-16 Glider Complexity ..................................................11-16 Water Ballast ..........................................................11-17 Cross-Country Flight Using Other Lift Sources ........11-17 Chapter 12Towing ................................................................12-1 Introduction..................................................................12-1 Equipment Inspections and Operational Checks .........12-2 Tow Hook ................................................................12-2 Schweizer Tow Hook ...........................................12-2x。

DVP-ES2 说明书

DVP-ES2 操作手冊 - 模組篇目錄1類比輸入模組 DVP04AD-E21.1 A/D轉換概念................................................................................................................1-21.2 產品外觀及各部介紹.....................................................................................................1-21.3 外部配線.......................................................................................................................1-31.4 規格..............................................................................................................................1-41.5 控制暫存器CR (Control Register)...............................................................................1-61.6 A/D 轉換特性曲線......................................................................................................1-141.7 應用範例.....................................................................................................................1-23 2類比輸出模組 DVP02/04DA-E22.1 D/A轉換概念................................................................................................................2-22.2 產品外觀及各部介紹.....................................................................................................2-22.3 外部配線.......................................................................................................................2-32.4 規格..............................................................................................................................2-42.5 控制暫存器CR (Control Register)...............................................................................2-52.6 D/A 轉換特性曲線......................................................................................................2-142.7 應用範例.....................................................................................................................2-19 3類比輸入/輸出混合模組DVP06XA-E23.1 A/D及D/A轉換概念....................................................................................................3-23.2 產品外觀及各部介紹.....................................................................................................3-23.3 外部配線.......................................................................................................................3-33.4 規格..............................................................................................................................3-43.5 控制暫存器CR (Control Register)...............................................................................3-73.6 A/D及D/A轉換特性曲線...........................................................................................3-183.7 應用範例.....................................................................................................................3-34 4溫度量測模組 DVP04PT-E24.1 白金感溫電阻基本概念.................................................................................................4-24.2 產品外觀及各部介紹.....................................................................................................4-24.3 外部配線.......................................................................................................................4-34.4 規格..............................................................................................................................4-44.5 控制暫存器CR (Control Register)...............................................................................4-5i4.6 PT轉換特性曲線.......................................................................................................4-184.7 應用範例....................................................................................................................4-204.8 PID 功能...................................................................................................................4-22 5溫度量測模組 DVP04TC-E25.1 熱電耦溫度感測器概念................................................................................................5-25.2 產品外觀及各部介紹....................................................................................................5-35.3 外部配線......................................................................................................................5-45.4 規格.............................................................................................................................5-55.5 控制暫存器CR (Control Register)...............................................................................5-75.6 TC轉換特性曲線.......................................................................................................5-195.7 應用範例....................................................................................................................5-235.8 PID 功能...................................................................................................................5-255.9 溫度控制器之硬體屬性..............................................................................................5-33 ii1-1類比輸入模組 DVP04AD-E2DVP04AD-E2 類比輸入模組可接受外部4 點類比信號輸入 (電壓或電流皆可), 將之轉換成16位元之數位信號。

PKPM软件说明书-预应力混凝土结构设计软件PREC

版权与商标说明
PKPM 计算机程序及全部相关文档都是受专利法和著作权法保护的产品，版权属于中国建筑科学研究院建研科技股份有限公司。未经中国建筑科学研究院建研科技股份有限公司的书面许可，不得以任何形式、任何手段复制本产品或文档的任何部分。 PKPM 标志的注册商标。是中国建筑科学研究院建研科技股份有限公司
当为直线预应力束时l1epl张拉端至锚固端之间的距离mmep预应力筋弹性模量nmm当预应力筋为曲线束或折线束时由于锚具变形和预应力筋内缩引起的预应力损失值根据预应力曲线筋或折线筋与壁之间反向摩擦影响长度lf范围内的预应力筋变形值等于锚具变形和预应力筋内缩值的条件确定反向摩擦系数取等于正向摩擦系数
预应力混凝土结构设计软件
第五章软件装配方法 ........................................................................................... 114
I
第一章概述
第一章
概
述
预应力混凝土结构设计软件PREC是PKPM系列CAD的一个功能模块。它包括预应力筋的线型自动设计，结构分析计算及结构施工图辅助设计。 PREC软件利用PMCAD的全楼建模数据和荷载数据，在此基础上补充输入预应力设计的有关信息，根据结构布置和荷载状况自动生成预应力筋线型并可人工修改。对普通的以梁为主的结构形式， PREC软件为用户提供了三维整体分析和二维框架和连续梁计算两种计算分析模型，对不同用户、不同的实际工程用户可任意选择使用。对板柱结构体系，用户可使用SlabCAD软件完成计算设计。预应力三维计算模型是在高层建筑结构空间有限元分析软件 SATWE的基础上扩展预应力计算功能而完成的，因此，用户必须首先拥有一套SATWE软件，才可以使用PREC 软件的三维计算功能。程序在PMCAD建模后（执行PMCAD主菜单1），通过人工或自动布置各层梁的预应力筋线型，自动生成供三维分析用的等效荷载，应用SATWE软件的核心计算模块对等效荷载进行计算分析，获得结构的综合内力和次内力，组合SATWE的恒、活、风、地震作用后，进而确定出预应力筋和非预应力钢筋的用量。三维分析计算完成后，可接续绘出预应力梁的施工图。预应力二维计算模型是在PK基础上扩展预应力计算功能而完成的。它为用户提供了预应力框架的二维框架和连续梁计算，再接力画出预应力梁的施工图。程序在PMCAD建模并完成各层梁的预应力筋线型布置后，生成各榀框架和连续梁的预应力计算数据文件。程序同时可以读取PK的数据文件，再补充输入预应力计算信息，或用交互方式直接输入一榀框架后，生成PREC可计算的数据文件。对每一榀框架和连续梁分别执行二维计算程序，最终计算出梁的预应力和非预应力钢筋，经过适当的人工干预修改，再分别画出施工图。 PREC软件可处理的预应力筋线型有抛物线型，折线型，直线型，直线型与抛物线型的组合线型等八种线型，每个构件上可布置多种线型，以适应构件承担的不同的荷载状况。张拉点位置可在梁端任意设置。预应力混凝土梁的施工图是在PK二维梁施工图上扩展预应力筋内容而成。 PREC软件施工图部分给出了梁预应力筋线型图，束形图及普通钢筋的配筋图。在正确选择锚具后，可进行局部承压验算，并可绘出张拉端，锚固端的大样图，给出材料统计表。

contextcapture v2023中文版

【主题】：contextcapture v2023中文版【内容】：1. 简介contextcapture v2023是由Bentley Systems公司最新推出的一款基于图像处理和三维建模技术的软件，旨在帮助用户快速、精确地从现实世界中捕捉场景和物体，然后生成高质量的三维模型。

特别是该软件在中文版的发布，为我国市场的用户提供了更便利的使用体验。

本文将对contextcapture v2023中文版进行深入介绍，包括软件功能、特点和适用领域。

2. 软件功能contextcapture v2023中文版拥有强大的图像处理和三维建模功能，可以实现以下主要功能：- 图像捕捉：支持从无人机、航拍等途径捕捉现实场景的图像数据。

- 图像处理：能够对图像进行快速、准确的处理，包括图像校正、配准、拼接等操作。

- 三维建模：能够将处理后的图像数据转化为高质量的三维模型，并支持纹理贴图、点云处理等特性。

3. 软件特点contextcapture v2023中文版有以下几个显著的特点：- 高效：软件采用了先进的算法和技术，能够在较短的时间内完成图像处理和三维建模任务。

- 精度：软件对图像和模型的处理精度较高，能够准确地还原现实场景。

- 用户友好：中文版的发布，更加贴近我国用户的需求，提供了更易用、更友好的操作界面和指导文档。

4. 适用领域contextcapture v2023中文版适用于多个领域，如：- 地理测绘：可用于地图制作、地形模型建立等领域。

- 建筑设计：能够为建筑师提供精确的建筑模型，辅助设计和规划工作。

- 文物保护：可用于对文物、古迹等进行数字化保护和展示。

5. 结语contextcapture v2023中文版作为一款强大的图像处理和三维建模软件，不仅在功能和性能上表现突出，而且在用户体验和适用领域上也有很大优势。

相信随着该软件在我国市场的推广和应用，将会为更多行业的用户带来便利和效益。

希望本文的介绍能够对广大读者有所帮助，也欢迎大家积极体验和反馈。

Proe缩小prt、四视图、改prt为中文、斑马线、质量计算等常用技巧

在这里将一些刚上手proe的朋友做题时碰到的几个问题做个总结，分享给还不知道的朋友，以后还会不断更新。

包括：1.如何缩小prt大小2.如何截取四视图3.变通方法修改prt文件名为中文4.如何录制GIF动画及有声视频5.斑马线、着色曲率分析6.质量计算：附密度表1.如何缩小prt大小：如何将零件文件压缩以方便交流？Pro/E中的零件特征越多，文件也越大。

有时候我们需要把零件通过邮件或其它方式和别人分享、交流，可一般的邮件附件都有容量限制，稍微大一点的文件就不能发送。

这里提供给大家几种简单有效的文件压缩方法。

利用插入模式实现压缩文件的目的。

当打开一个模型时，我们可以看到，默认的“在此插入”都位于模型树的最底端，我们可以使用鼠标左键按住“在此插入”并将其拖动到模型树的最上端。

此时将零件保存，在资源管理器状态下，我们可以看到改变插入模式后零件的大小发生了变化，保存后原来128K的零件现在只有57K。

还可以选中所有特征按右键隐含效果一样还可以选中所有特征按右键隐含，效果一样的此时再利用压缩软件进一步压缩后就可以方便的通过邮件进行传递了，而收到邮件的一方只要在Pro/E中打开模型，并将“在此插入”重新拖拽到模型树的尾部即可实现零件的特征的完全复原。

如果模型树很长，拖起来麻烦。

还可以选择编辑→恢复→恢复全部，效果是一样的。

2.如何截取四视图：a.打开文件后点选造型工具b.再点选图中图标c.关闭所有基准显示，剩下活动平面的栅格d.消除栅格的第一种方法，点选造型→优先选项e.取消勾选的栅格选项就可以了f.第二种消除栅格的方法，点按视图中的着色也可以g.在4视图中分别调整你需要的视图方向h.如需还原为默认视图方向，则在某个视图中按右键选择缺省方向即可i.全部调整完毕后可以用另存副本的方式，在保存文件类型中下拉选择JPG类型保存即可。

如需模型树的可用下面提供我最常用的截图软件SPX来截取，这个软件可以添加自己设计或喜欢的图片来作为截取图片的水印，压缩包里有注册码及使用教程。

2023 UEC场地自行车精英欧洲锦标赛技术指南说明书

2023 UEC Track Elite European ChampionshipsGrenchen (Switzerland)8 – 12 February 2023TECHNICAL GUIDEas of 28.10.2022ANISATION1.1.LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE (LOC)Peter Wirz President / Volunteers /Security +41 79 870 12 60 Juan Espasandin Sport / site Coordinator +41 78 632 95 70 Elena von Ballmoos Communications / Catering / Ceremonies Coordinator +41 79 435 01 881.2.UEC REPRESENTATIVESUEC Management Board Enrico Della Casa (ITA) PresidentDelmino Albano Magalhaes Pereira (POR) Vice PresidentHenrik Jess Jensen (DEN) Vice PresidentKatarina Jakubova (SVK) MemberDragomir Kouzov (BUL) MemberUEC General Secretary Alasdair MacLennan (GBR)UEC Sports Coordinator /Tec.Delegate Vladimiros Petsas (GRE)UEC Events Coordinator Tiziana Lardieri (SUI)UEC Press Officer Stefano Bertolotti (ITA)UEC Photographer Roberto Bettini (ITA)UEC Video producer Christian Bohm (ITAUEC Race secretary tbcUEC Track Commission Jos Smets (BEL) PresidentM iriam WELTE (GER) MemberDaniel GISIGER (SUI) MemberMartin LOLLESGAARD (DEN) MemberGabriel MENDES (POR) MemberPascal SERGENT (FRA) MemberPOSITION OF THE COMMISSAIRES PANELPresident of the Commissaires PanelUCI Commissaire – StarterUCI Commissaire – Judge refereeUCI Commissaire – MemberNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational CommissaireNational Commissaire1.4.TIMEKEEPINGOfficial timekeeping / TV graphics Swiss TimingDerny Pilot Mr Yves Jäggi1.5.OFFICIAL ANNOUNCERSEnglish speaker: Marty Mac Donald McCrossan (GBR)Local speaker: Christian Rocha (SUI)1.6.DOPING CONTROLThe anti-doping controls may be organised under the responsibility of The International Testing Agency ( ITA).2.GENERAL INFORMATION2.1.TRAVEL AND ACCOMMODATIONThe 2023 UEC Track Elite European Championships will be hosted at the Tissot Velodrome in Grenchen, Switzerland. Grenchen is located in the canton of Solothurn and has optimal access to national and European transport networks.Nearest airports:-Basel Airport to the Velodrome 85 km – 1h-Zürich Airport to the Velodrome 107 km – 1h10-Geneva Airport to the Velodrome 169 km – 2hTake the exit 30 – Grenchen, towards Grenchen/Arch.Via public transportation:The nearest station to the Tissot Velodrome is Grenchen Süd. Once you arrive, you can go by foot to the Velodrome.Coming from the Grenchen Nord station, you need to take the bus 25 towards Bettlach, Post, which will take you to the Grenchen Süd station.For more information:Swiss National Railways SBB: h ttp://www.sbb.ch/en/home.htmlPublic Transport in Grenchen: w ww.bgu.ch/fahrplanTransfers from/to the airport to accommodation can be arranged by:Wyss Reisen AG Homepage Wyss Reisen AG*******************+41 62 216 12 22All participants must hold a valid passport or identity card.2.2.VISAEach Federation is responsible for obtaining documents for their delegation appropriate entries. Here you can find an overview of countries that require a visa: h ttps://www.ch.ch/en/entering-switzerland-visa/For all invitation letter requests please contact the UEC: ***********All riders and attendants must hold insurance valid in Switzerland.2.3.ADDRESS OF THE COMPETITION VENUETissot Velodrome T: +41 32 654 20 40Neumattstrasse 25 ***********************2540 Grenchen www.tissotvelodrome.ch2.4.TRACK CHARACTERISTICSLength: 250 meters indoor trackSurface: Spruce woodWidth: 7.70 metersBend inclination: 46 degreesStraight inclination: 13 degrees2.5.VENUE / INFILED LAYOUT2.6.ACCOMMODATIONHotels:Please follow our hotel recommendations listed in our website.2.7.TEAM CATERING AT THE VENUEThe restaurant at the Tissot Velodrome will be open throughout the event.3 Different Meal options (Vegi/Meat/Sport) at our festival tent will be available.Price per meal CHF 16.50 and with a drink from 5dl CHF 19.50.When you order your vouchers until December 2022, we give a Discount of 10 % Email to ******************************Be aware that most of the restaurants in Switzerland close their Kitchen early.2.8.MEDICAL – EMERGENCY – LOCAL AUTHORITIESEmergency ambulance phone: 144Emergency police phone: 112The organization provides a medical team as follows:Two doctors and paramedics will be present throughout the official training and competition.Outside official training and competition times, emergency medical care is available through the national public health service for medical care. Dial 144 for any emergencies.Pharmacy:Stadt Apotheke – pharmacy Coop – supermarket + pharmacyCentralstrasse 14, 2540 Grenchen Bettlachstrasse 8, 2540 Grenchen1400m from the Velodrome 1500m from the VelodromeHospitals:Bürgerspital Solothurn Schöngrünstrasse 42, 4500 Solothurn Tel. +41 (0)32 627 31 2113km from the Velodrome(A5 – Exit 31 Solothurn-West)Spitalzentrum Biel Vogelsang 84, 2501 Biel Tel. +41 (0)32 324 24 2418km from the Velodrome(A5 – Exit 28 Biel-O)2.9.VOLTAGE230Swiss plug:2.10.MAP PARKING AREAS & ROAD INFORMATIONOther parking spaces:Blue Zone is either free or chargeable parking spaces but always limited time.Pay attention to the signs on street that show you the chargeable timing. You might either need to show your time of arrival thanks to a special parking disc that you leave on your dashboard, or to pay to a time stamp.Most of the time, public parking spaces are free during the night from 19:00 to 07:00.2.11. MOTORWAY TAX STICKER / VIGNETTEIn Switzerland, vehicles and trailers pay to use motorways and dual carriageways by buying a motorway sticker called “vignette”. The sticker for 2023 costs CHF 40. It is valid until 31 January 2024. Stickers fora day, a week or a month do not exist. Motorway tax stickers are for sale at all manned customs officesat the Swiss border or in the vicinity of the Swiss border, and in motorway petrol stations. The motorway sticker must directly be affixed on the inside of the windscreen, before entering the Swiss motorway. It has to be affixed clearly visible from outside.Notice: usually cars rented in Switzerland are equipped with a motorway sticker.Motorway signs in Switzerland are Green.In case of emergency call: 1442.12.COVID 19 – PROTOCOL IN TISSOT VELODROMEThe Covid-19 protocol has yet to be determined. It will be based on the regulations of the government that apply in February.3.GENERAL INFORMATION3.1.ACCREDITATIONAccreditations can be collected starting from Monday, 6 February, at the accreditation centre located at the TVG Stadium – Neumattstrasse – 2540 Grenchen (Map page 8)Please ensure that you collect your accreditation as soon as you arrive at the Tissot Velodrome as it will be required to access to all parts of the venue.Accreditations must be worn and visible whenever you pass through accreditation controls.Opening hours:▪Monday 6 February 08:30 – 12:00 (only teams)15:00 – 20:00 (only LOC)▪Tuesday 7 February 09:30 – 12:00 / 13:30–19:00▪Wednesday 8 February 10:00 – 15:00 / 17:00 - 19:00▪Thursday 9 February 11:00 – 15:00 / 17:00 – 19:30▪Friday 10 February 11:00 – 15:00 / 17:00 – 20:00▪Saturday 11 February 11:00 – 14:00 / 17:00 – 19:30▪Sunday 12 February 10:00 – 13:00 / 14:30 – 17:00 The permanence (LOC office) is located in the velodrome, at the Race Office.MISSAIRES PANEL MEETINGTissot Velodrome (Cycling Room Level 2 - Nord entry)Tuesday, 7 February – 09:30 until 10:303.3.CONFIRMATION OF STARTERSTissot Velodrome (VIP area Sud at Level 2)Tuesday, 7 February – 11:00 until 13:00Team managers must confirm all starters, presenting all licenses and provide a sample of teams’ apparel.Moreover, to accelerate the preparation of the start lists we would be grateful if each nation could provide us a list with the best time/result realized by their riders in timed events.3.4.TEAM MANAGERS MEETINGTissot Velodrome (Main Entry, Level 2 Conference Room)Tuesday, 7 February –19:00Riders’ numbers will be distributed during th at meeting.Attendance is required by:-UEC Track Commission President-UCI Commissaires-Team Managers 1 person per team-Event Director-UEC Technical Delegate3.5.TEAMS PARKING AREAPlease note the parking at Neumattstrasse P. 2 is limited to 2 vehicles per team.Surrounding the Tissot Velodrome many parking areas are available to all teams.If you use other parking as P2 surrounding the Tissot Velodrome, please remember to put the blue disc.3.6.TEAMS STORAGE AREAStorage space will be provided to the Teams in and outside the Tissot Velodrome.3.7.TEAM BOXES (infield)Infield boxes will be available from Sunday, 5February, the Velodrome will be open from 09:00 until 19:00.Team boxes are allocated in the infield considering the size of each team. Due to the large number of people in the track center, the space is limited, and we ask you to keep to your allocated area. Please ensure equipment does not excessively narrow or block walkways.3.8.TEAMS CHANGING ROOMSThere are male and female changing rooms and shower facilities available at the ground level.Notice: Garderobe 4 and 5 Men, Garderobe 6 Women3.9.TEAM PERFORMANCE ANALYSTSAn area for Performance Analysts will be provided. Availability is limited. Teams wishing to use this facility must book their position until Wednesday, 1 February.Please contact: ******************************The cost of this service will be CHF 100.-.Please note: bookings will be made on a first come, first served basis. We will provide WLAN Access to all positions. Only the organisation WLAN System will be allowing it.4.MEDIA4.1.MEDIA CENTREThe Media Centre is located at the infield.In order to access the Media Centre an accreditation is necessary. To apply for media accreditation, please visit the UEC website www.uec.chMedia accreditation and photographers’bib’s can be collected during the opening hours of the accreditation centre or at the media permanence. €50/CHF 50 will be requested for the bib as deposit. It will be refunded when the bib will be returned.Please ensure that you collect your accreditation as soon as you arrive at the Tissot Velodrome as it will be required for access to all parts of the venue. Accreditations must be worn and visible whenever you pass through accreditation controls.For any further inquire please contact Mr. Stefano Bertolotti: ******************* or Elena von Ballmoos: *******************************4.2.INTERVIEW ZONENext to the Awards Ceremony podium, a flash interview zone will be organised open for the media.5. PROGRAMME5.1.OFFICIAL TRAININGOFFICIAL TRAINING SCHEDULEMonday, 6 February09.00 – 13.30 Official Training14.30 – 19.00 Official TrainingTuesday, 7February09.00 – 13.30 Official Training14.30 – 19.00 Official TrainingThe detailed official training sessions schedule will be announced after the end of the registrations.Training behind a derny or motorbike are not permitted during official trainings.Standing starts are ONLY permitted during the last 30 minutes of each official training session.During the competitionTraining and warm up times before the 1st session of the day and in between the two sessions will be confirmed after the team managers' meeting.Official training times available under paragraph 5.2.5.2.VENUE SCHEDULEMonday, 6February07:30 Venue open for Riders09:00 – 13:30 Official training14:30 – 19:00 Official training21:30 Velodrome closeTuesday, 7 February07:30 Venue open for Riders09:00 – 13:30 Official training11:00 – 13:00 Confirmation of starters14:30 – 19:00 Official training19:00 Team Managers meeting21:30 Venue and maintenance area closeWednesday, 8 February08:30 Venue open for Riders / Teams (not allowed on the track) 10:30 – 11:45 Warm-up session (Only for events of the day)12:00 – 16:12 Session 116:45 – 17:45 Warm-up session (this will be confirmed during TM Meeting) 18:00 – 20:00 Session 222:30 Venue and maintenance area closeThursday, 9 February08:30 Venue open for Riders / Teams (not allowed on the track) 10:30 – 11:45 Warm-up session (Only for events of the day)12:00 – 15:57 Session 116:45 – 17:45 Warm-up session (this will be confirmed during TM Meeting) 18:00 – 21:29 Session 222:30 Venue and maintenance area closeFriday, 10 February08:30 Venue open for Riders / Teams (not allowed on the track) 10:30 – 11:45 Warm-up session (Only for events of the day)12:00 – 16:21 Session 116:45 – 17:45 Warm-up session (this will be confirmed during TM Meeting) 18:00 – 21:14 Session 222:30 Venue and maintenance area closeSaturday, 11 February08:30 Venue open for Riders / Teams (not allowed on the track) 10:30 – 11:45 Warm-up session (Only for events of the day)12:00 – 15:11 Session 116:30 – 17:45 Warm-up session (this will be confirmed during TM Meeting) 18:00 – 21:22 Session 222:30 Venue and maintenance area closeSunday, 12 February08:30 Venue open for Riders / Teams (not allowed on the track) 09:30 – 10:45 Warm-up session (Only for events of the day)11:00 – 13:52 Session 114:25 – 15:25 Warm-up session (this will be confirmed during TM Meeting) 15:30 – 18:33 Session 222:30 Venue and maintenance area close5.3.PROVISIONAL COMPETITION SCHEDULEBreakBreakBreakBreakBreak** période d'échauffement entre les 2 sessions sera confirmé lors de la réunion techniqueNOTE :The competition schedule is subject to changes. Daily schedules will be announced on the notice board and via email.6.EVENT SPECIFIC REGULATIONS6.1.ARTICLE 1 - GENERAL RULES1.1The Union Européenne de Cyclime in cooperation with Tissot Velodrome will organise the 2023 TrackElite European Championships for the following disciplines.These Championships may be contested by riders entered by their National Federation as a NationalTeam.1.2Entries must be submitted by National Federations starting from6 January until 27 January 2023, 23:59 CET▪Riders: https:///landing/uec/▪Staff & NF official delegates:https://uec.getyourevent.online/Entrants for European Championships shall hold licenses issued by a Federation affiliated to the UECand have the nationality of the Federation doing the entry.1.3Where the number of entries for an event exceeds the track limit, qualification heats will run accordingto the competition schedule.1.4The riders to contest each Championship shall be confirmed by an official of their Federation, tothe Commissaires, during the confirmation procedure, before the start of the Team Managersmeeting.1.5Riders ages shall be calculated as defined by the UCI rules. Generally, the age of a rider shall bedetermined by the difference between the year of the event and the year of birth of the rider.1.6Nevertheless, taking into account the UCI rules, articles 1.1.034, 3.2.001,3.4.004, 9.2.024, 11.1.003and in accordance with the UCI, the participation at the competitions shall be open to riders of 18and over.1.7Body numbers – ClothesThe riders are obliged to use the body numbers which will be supplied by the organisation. Bodynumbers may not be folded or altered.Riders must compete in their national jersey.Riders shall wear one (1) body number in the following events:▪1km. TT and 500m. TT, Individual Pursuit, Team Pursuit (each rider one number), Team Sprint (each rider one number).Riders shall wear two (2) body numbers in all other races, Omnium included.Riders competing in Madison will receive dedicated body numbers.1.8PublicationAll results, rankings and communiqués will be available in teams announcement boards.Results will also be published on the UEC website: www.uec.ch and on the official live timingwebsite:1.9 UnforeseenIn those events in which the regulations do not specify, the commissaires panel, in conjunctionwith the UEC Technical Delegate and the organisation (where applicable), will decide.6.2.ARTICLE 2 - EVENTS REGULATIONS2.1. Sprint, Individual Pursuit, TT Km and 500 m. Points Races, Keirin, Scratch Race, TeamPursuit, Team Sprint, Omnium, Madison.All the above-mentioned Championships will be conducted in accordance with the UCI Regulationsand format of the UCI World Championships.2.2T he seeding for all the above-mentioned championships will be done according to the UCI Regulationsarticle 3.2.021 bis. The current UCI World Champions and the former UEC European Champions ofthe discipline, can be seeded in the first position.2.3 Elimination race (as a Championship)For the start of the race, riders shall line-up in single file along the railing and in the sprinters lane.The coaches holding their rider in the sprinter s’ lane are allowed to push them during the start butfrom a standstill position (2 feet on the ground at the same time).The order of the riders shall be determined according to the UCI regulations, in respect to thecurrent UCI Elimination Ranking by Nations.The order for non-ranked nations, will be done by drawing lots during the Team Managers’ meetingas follows:•1st draw –teams present at the Team Managers’ meeting•2nd draw – teams do not present at the Team Managers’ meeting6.3.ARTICLE 3 - AWARDSJersey and medalsEvery European Championship will be awarded for:The 1st place: Champion(s) jersey and Gold medalThe 2nd place: Silver medalThe 3rd place: Bronze medalWinners are obliged to be in time for the awards ceremony.Riders must present themselves in race clothing, wearing their national jersey and shall not wear ahelmet, a cap a headband or glasses until they leave the podium ceremony area.Table of Prize Money6.4.ARTICLE 4 - ANTIDOPINGThe UCI antidoping regulations are entirely applicable to the event.The antidoping tests will take place at the Antidoping Station located in level Ground, room trainer 1 & 2.The anti-doping controls will be under the responsibility of the International Testing Agency (ITA).6.5.ARTICLE 5 - PENALTIESThe UCI penalty scale is the only one applicable.6.6.ARTICLE 6 – RESPONSABILITIESThe organizers and UEC will not, under any circumstances, be liable to any accidents or damage that occurs during training and competitions.The organizers and UEC decline all responsibilities towards the riders and others in case of an accident.For all cases not covered by these specific regulations, the UCI rules will apply. Any problems will be solved between the organizers, the Commissaires Panel and UEC officials.。

SPRINT使用说明

1.4.1 设置 PCB 尺寸 _____________________________________________________________________________ 6 1.4.2 设置网格规则 ______________________________________________________________________________ 7 1.4.3 在画板中放置你需要的元件并连线 ____________________________________________________________ 7 1.4.4 进行基本的布线 ____________________________________________________________________________ 8 1.4.5 自定义元件并添加到元件库 __________________________________________________________________ 9 1.5 利用 DRC 快速查错 ____________________________________________________________________9 1.6 打印设计好的 PCB 图 _________________________________________________________________10
坐标位层选工具
此处显示你当前光标位置绘图区间的坐标位置单击单选按钮改变当前编辑的层，点击层编号数字改变该层的显示和隐藏，点击?号可获得系统对于图层信息的立面示意图。
地层工具设置开启或关闭自动的接地层绘图
以下所述位于系统主菜单下方常用工具栏列表
新建
新建一个新的印制板项目文档

ArcGIS Pro 3.1 产品发布公告 - 2023年4月版说明书

--3.1–-3.1.1–-BUG-000153703 -High Random Access Memory(RAM)-Export ArcMap Traverse File-Duplicate Parcels-3.1.2 –-Import Parcel Points-GP Export Parcel Features-Traverse-GP Export Sequenced Parcel Features--11.1 –Parcel Fabric Team at the UC 2023Product Announcements Parcel Fabric Team at the UC 2023Parcel Fabric Team at the UC 2023Parcel Fabric Team at the UC 2023Product AnnouncementsParcel FabricWhy this session?•Highly requested•We often get questions about it•This is a ‘deep dive’:-Plenty of time (1.5hours allocated)-Interact: ask as many questions as you want-Interact: provide your own tipsAgenda•Why Parcel Alignment is needed?•Record–driven or Quality–Driven workflow?•Holding points fixed & topological behavior•Highlight Gaps and Overlaps•Align Parcel tool•Align Feature Tool•Align Edge tool•Editing Move-Rotate-Scale tool•Automation:-Geoprocessing Import Parcel Fabric Points-Adjusting associated datasets•--•---•----••----•••------•--Quality Checks•---•--Quality Check –Highlight Gaps and Overlaps•Tool creates graphics to help visualize gapsand overlaps between parcels•Configure colors•Works on visual extent•Help doc LINK•---•••Settings•Fixed Shape for Points•When set to ‘Yes’the point will not move•Any feature (line, polygon) connected to the point will not move at that location•Uses a system Attribute Rule –type Constraint •Align Parcel tool honors this setting•Help doc LINKAlignment Tools•••---•--Align Parcels•Moving point is deleted•For a big subdivision, will internal points move? Yes •Like all the other tools, we keep enhancing this tool with each release:-Performance-Bugs-Enhancements•Help doc LINK3.13.2 AlignAlign Features Tool•Aligns edges of geometry•Does not merge points•Commonly used when fixing gaps and overlaps•Options available for Parcel Fabrics to creating an alignment path•Help doc LINKAlign Edge•Solid line stays fixed•Click on the solid line•Commonly used to fix gaps and overlaps •Works with simple cases…•Review results carefully•Help doc LINKMerge Parcel Points Tool•Merges 2 or more selected points into one selected point•If a fixed point is selected, it will automatically be chosen to be preserved•Lines and Polygon geometry will move to new location•If there is a short line segment it will get deleted•Help doc LINKMove / Rotate / Scale Tool•Used to coarsely place geometries to where they should be before aligning•Can be used with polygons,lines and points•Works with multiple selected features•Make sure to close the pane when done•Help doc LINK•Automation –Geoprocessing Import Parcel Fabric Points •Can be used to align data:-Between organizations (e.g.Federal, State, Local)-Align to newly captured points•Help doc LINKHow to Align Associated Datasets?•Geoprocessing tool Generate Parcel Fabric Links •Leverages the temporal nature of Branch Versioning •Creates links and Anchor Points(AKA‘Identity Links’) in a given:-Extent-Time window (UTC)-Tolerance•Links and anchor points can be used to rubbersheet any other dataset•Help doc LINKLet’s Align DemosHow do I get started?•Contact your esri account manager•Watch the videos on the Parcel Fabric Communityhttps:///community/arcgis-parcel-fabric•Read the Parcel Fabric help documentation•Prototype or Proof of concept with a partial migration or upgrade •Missing something? Let us know through the ArcGIS Parcel Fabric Ideas Page.Dan Stone –***************。

Pro-face FP6800WCD 19英寸TFT彩色LCD平面显示屏数据手册说明书

Display Colors
16 Million Colors
Display Area
408.96 x 230.04 mm (16.1 x 9.06 in)
Graphics Display Resolution 1,920 x 1,080 pixels (Full HD)
Backlight
White LED (Not user replaceable. When replacement is required, contact your local distributor.)
©2021 Pro-face. All rights reserved. Specifications may change without notice.
FP6800WCD - External Dimensions FP6800WCD - Cut-Out Dimensions
Datasheet
1920 x 1080 Colors
Features: • Full HD Display TFT Touch Panel • 16 Million colors • Multi-touch gesture operation • Automatic brightness adjustment
sensor
Performance Specifications
Model
PFXFP6800WCD
Display Type
18.5” TFT Color LCD
Touch Panel
Projected capacitive with optimized noise filter multi-touch (two-ty
Two (2) year