语法填空(纲本)

Read selectively or intensively?The passage mainly deals with the issue of whether to read selectively or intensively when faced with a wide range of books. According to the author, we should value the ability to pick and choose rather than dip into whatever we can get an access to.As for the topic, people’s opinions are apparently varied based on different ideas. People who think we should read widely hold the view that the more knowledge we possess, the better understanding we will have of the world. In their eyes, only when we absorb a variety of knowledge can it be possible for us to know more about the world from all perspectives. And common sense always makes us believe that the more knowledge we obtain, the smarter we will be. In contrast, those who think we should be fully aware of what interests and benefits us hold the view that we should learn to select, arguing that there is no point in reading as many books as possible since our time and energy are limited.As far as I am concerned, I prefer to accept the latter opinion that we should try to pick and choose what can be of real value to us. Admittedly, it is true that we can gain knowledge by reading intensively, but it doesn’t follow that we are supposed to read whatever we can put our fingers on. In this sense, it’s of great significance for us to be able to get concentrated on one or two subjects so that we can be professional in some fields. Only in this way can we achieve our final goal without wasting our time. For instance, why those famous scientists could contribute a lot to the development of science is that they just devoted themselves to one or two fields, which makes them outstanding in certain areas.To summarize, in terms of reading, I think nobody else can have given us better advice than Francis Bacon, who maintained “some books are to be swallowed, some are to be tasted, and only a few others are to be chewed and digested.”Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that it will be better off if we can read selectively.(1)It seems that there is no middle ground____1____ it comes to cats. People either love or hate ___2___. These feelings are not new either. All____3___ history, cats have been worshiped or hated. A study of ancient writings and evidence ____4_____(find) In tombs indicates that for the past 5,000 years, cats____5____ (keep) as pets in China, Arabia, Egypt and India. Cats were at their highest position in ancient Egypt ___6____there were more cats during the time of the pharaohs than anywhere else. However, ____7____ the coming of the Dark Ages in Europe, the place of cats in Society took a turn for the worse. ___8____they were associated with the “old Religions”in Egypt and in the Roman Empire, cats won a reputation as helpers Of witches. When a person______9_____ (accuse) of being a witch, a cat would be Put on trial with the person. Usually the cat and the person would end up___10_____(burn) in a bonfire or drowned.(2)Without question, one of the most important holidays in many Asian countries is the Mid-Autumn Feast, also__1___ (know) as the Moon Festival in some countries. One Chinese legend tells of a woman____2___ (fly) to the moon after stealing a magical pill from her husband. _____3_____to the legend, the woman remained safely_____4______ (protect) on the moon in the palace of the rabbit ____5____ she was chased after by her husband, trying to shoot her with arrows of light. The date of the Mid-Autumn Feast ____6____(base) on the lunar calendar and is held on thefifteenth day of the eighth moon. This date usually falls sometime in late August __7___early September, according to the solar calendar. In China as well as in ___8___ countries, this holiday is celebrated by friends and family ____9_____ (exchange) “Moon Cakes”, ____10____paper lanterns are often lit at night.(3)Cars __31___(become) necessities for families in the United States until after World War Two. Before that time, cars were seen mainly as toys for__32_ rich. By the end of the war, ____33___, people were tired of saving money and __34__ (limit) their use of items. __35__(like) Europe and Japan, whose industries had been wiped out by the war, factories in the U.S. could be changed____36__ production of wartime items to mass production of ___37___ luxury items as cars. Actually, two___38___ factors also contributed a lot to helping the people of the United States take cars into ___39__ life----low oil price and __40___(drive) roads. (to be continued)(4)As cars grew in_____31____ (popular) in the United States, they not only changed people‟s lifestyle but also the___32___ they thought. Traditionally, parents were the strongest role models for teenagers___33___ young people spent most of their time in and around the home when out of school. Nevertheless, ___34___ they obtained their own driving license and had an easy___35____ to cars, they began to spend more time ___36__ “cruising” with friends. __37_____, they became ____38___ likely to follow the behavior of their parents but ___39___ of their peers. The term actually refers to the act of driving with the purpose of seeing others while___40______ (see).(5)Emily Post, a famous American writer, wrote a book on correct etiquette for people’s social behavior in the 1900s. ___31_______ this book enjoyed great popularity the___32_____ it was published was because many people_______33_____ (raise) in “polite society”although they had struck it_____34___ (rich) through the boom in the American economy just after the World War One. The book_____35_____( mean) to help these new upper-middle class people pass smoothly____36____ their new social circle turned____37____ to be a great success. Actually, it continued to ____38____ (sell) well for the next 20 years. Ms. Post began writing a weekly advice column for newspapers and the column was published in papers _____39_____ the country. Ms. Post died in 1960, ___40__ her book on etiquette is still published with occasional updates under the title The Emily Post Book of Etiquette. Americans continue to turn to this book for advice ___41____ the proper behavior in a variety of social situations.( 6 ) Marilyn Monroe is certainly one of the most famous screen __________ (actor) in the twentieth century and was known ________ many as the …Blonde Bombshell” and the “Sex Goddess of the Silver Screen”. However, it may come as a surprise ________ this famous actress __________won any major acting awards throughout her 15-year career in the movies. She was never even nominated for an Academy Award. Critics may not ________(think) highly of this screen legend’s acting ability, but the huge number of fans who flocked to see her movies propelled her to _________(famous) and fortune. Marilyn Monroe was actually born with the name Norma Jean Mortenson in 1926. _________ a teenager, Monroe found a job in a parachutepacking factory________ helped her break into show business. ______, a photographer took and published some pictures _____ the young Ms. Mortenson in a magazine, and this moved the young woman into modeling. When she was only sixteen she had a short__________ (marry), lasting only four years. (to be continued)(7)__________(hope) to move from modeling into acting, Monroe began trying out for acting jobs and finally she got a one-year contract_________ Twentieth Century –Fox, _________ a casting director at the studios suggested that the young actress ________ (change) her first name to Marilyn. However, even with the new contract, Ms. Monroe’s career ______ an actress didn’t get off to a flying start. She was only given small parts in several films which _________(do) very well at the box office and the studio decided to drop the contract. _________ no money and no work, the actress took an offer to let a photographer take pictures of her without any clothes _______for a calendar. She ___________ ( pay) $50 for her work. Later, after she became famous, this calendar was published again, and it sold over a million copies. The nude photo in the calendar actually helped to increase Ms. Monroe’s popularity __________(phrase) hurt it…(TO BE CONTINUED)(8)In 1951, Ms. Monroe met a man who helped her get _____ seven-year contract with the Twentieth Century-Fox again. The studio began putting the actress in movies_________ (play) a “dumb blonde” and she became a hit. Over the next two years, she continued to play the _____ role in six other movies. Then in 1953 she got her________ lead role in the movie Niagara. The movie had a so-so story, but it did well at the box office, which made her a shining star soon. ______her career came to the highest point, Monroe’s private life was not quite________ successful. She had four marriages, all of which ended up________ divorce. Due to all this, her addiction ______ alcohol and sleeping pills began to destroy her career gradually. Actually she_________ (fire) when she was working on the last movie. Two months later, she was found dead_______ an overdose in her apartment(9)Almost everyone accepts the fact that crime can never _________ (wipe) out entirely. ________, control of crime becomes the focus of police and governments around the world. The question lawmakers must answer is “______system of criminal punishment works best for society?”Each country has developed________ own idea for solutions to this question, and these solutions then determine__________ criminals are punished under different systems. However, none of the current systems_____ use has proven 100 percent ___________ (effect). There are many ideas _________( regard) punishment of criminals. As well as working only to frighten criminals away from repeating a crime in the future, some systems try to deter others in society by using the criminal as an example of _______ can happen to a person if he or she is caught committing crimes. The goal of these systems _______ to return a former criminal to society _________a period of treatment and training, usually in prison.(10)The purpose of laws is to help people behave themselves and become law-abiding citizens. The _______severe form of all punishment is capital punishment used in extreme criminal cases, sometimes involving________ crimes as murder, rape and violent_________ (thief). In these cases, the person is put______ death. Today capital punishment is used in relatively few countries.Many countries have done away with ________. When looking at the number of crimes ________ (commit), the effectiveness of any of these forms of punishment comes into________. In the United States, for example, 80 percent of the people arrested are young men or boys. Generally, ______ young have less responsibility in society, so they risk losing _________ if they are caught in a criminal activity. However, it can also be argued that today’s youthful criminals __________( fear) the punishment they willreceive ________caught by police. In this sense, __________, current criminal punishment doesn’t serve the __________ of deterring young criminals in the United States. A major problem _______ the current system of rehabilitation in the United States is that most criminals return to __________ after they have supposedly been rehabilitated. Two thirds of those caught by police each year are repeat criminals. As a __________ of this fact, many people feel that rehabilitation of criminals is a _______ (lose) cause.(11)The tango is a dance_________ (originate) in Argentina sometime around the last half of the 19th century. Around 1870, Argentina experienced ____ economic boom, _____ this boom was felt especially in the city of Buenos Aires. As a consequence, farmers and ranchers, also________ gauchos in Argentina, rushed into the city hoping to find jobs in the slaughterhouses and the meatpacking industry. _______these jobs didn’t pay well, the gauchos felt lonely and frustrated_______ their new life in the city. A flood of immigrants ________ Spain and Italy also came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. When the restless gauchos and new immigrants mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango_________. Through the _________, these people were able to show a small portion of their___________ troubles. (12) __________(write) records indicate that in 1153 B.C, workers in the city of Thebes, Egypt protested receiving the same food every day as well as their overall rough working ________. This was the first recorded ________ (agree) between labor and management. About 800 years later, the first strike happened. A__________ (Greece) named Aristos, led the strike in Rome _______ his master in protest of meal breaks which were too________. The tradition of organizing workers to protest ______(fair) conditions has continued to the present. Today labor unions stand up_______ the rights of workers using__________ (collect) bargaining techniques. These unions, ______ (exist) all around the world, take two basic forms--------voluntary unions and bureaucratic unions.(13)V oluntary or free unions leave the choice of________ (member) up to individuals. Not ________must join the union, but enough people do join so that the union keeps power in the workplace. The ___________ of this type of union is to establish a good living standard for __________(employ) and also to protect this standard during times of economic ____________(difficult). Countries _________this type of union is popular include most of western Europe, Ireland, the United Stated, Canada and so on. Membership in bureaucratic unions is also voluntary, but________ these unions are closely connected _________ political parties in the countries where these unions operate, members of the party naturally include ________ as members of the union. This type of union’s main purpose is to set up good relations _________the ________ (rule) government and members of the union. Political and social reform are the main goal of this type of union. Bureaucratic unions are found in LatinAmerican and some Asian and ___________(Africa) countries.(14)For thirteen centuries Buddhism has been the _________(lead) religion in Thailand, ___________the sculpture of Thailand shows in the___________ (count) images of Buddha found around the country. The anatomical features of Buddhist sculpture came ________actual physical characteristics of the Buddha, yoga traditions and literature. The majority of images ________ runs across in Thailand show the Buddha sitting. _______ all the sculptures , the Emerald Buddha stands out ________ one of the most sacred images in Thailand. This__________ (seat) image of the Buddha is 66CM in height, _________(carve) from green jade and kept in the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok. The dress of the Emerald Buddha is changed _______times a year according to the seasons---------summer, winter and the rainy season.(15)Most think of the computer _______ a relatively new invention, but the history of computers may be said to have begun _______ the use of abacus. ________ early computing device was the calculating clock________ (invent) by Wihelm Schickard of Germany in the 1500s. Due to the _______(lose) of the plans and model for the device in the Thirty Years’War in Europe, the design____________( know ) to historians until sketches and letters _________(describe) the device were discovered in the 1930s.The first real _________in computer technology came in the 1940s ________Charles Baggage of England hit on ______ idea of using punch cards as a programming device for his calculating machine designed___________ (measure) the tide. Mr. Baggage _________the idea of punch cards from a similar system used in early sewing machines which sewed patterns onto cloth table________ (cover).Mr. Baggage died _________ a working version of his machine could be made, ______ his dream machine was never produced. __________, his idea for using punch cards in calculating machines was later taken up by Herman Hollerith of the United States.(16)The next big step in computer technology occurred in the 1940s when electronic switches in calculating machines began _________ (use). ________the switches only had two positions, on and ________, binary(二进制) became the new system of programming. Advances came quickly after that. The first generation of computers involved large commercial computers used_______ business and research, ________, lasting from 1952 to 1958, were big and noisy and used large________ of energy, The _________ of transistors led the way for the next generation of computers, namely the__________ generation, lasting from 1959 to 1963. These were smaller in size and used _________ energy. The _________between the third and the fourth generations is not clear, but fourth generation computers used integrated circuit technology and microprocessors(17)Since the early 1970s, the computer market___________ (see) very large growth. ________ study in 1970 found that in the United States alone about 80,000 computers ____________ (use) in business and another 30,000 computers could be found in use ________(world) outside of the United States. ______the early 1990s, many people had owned personal computers in their homes. In 1993, the ________of computers being used in the United States exploded to 29 million.__________the whole world has benefited a lot from the advance of computer technology, one advancement in computers has actually been ___________. In 1982, Jim Hauser, a professor at California Polytechnic State University, worked with one of his students to create a program which could copy ________and be secretly introduced into _________ program or computer, called a computer “worm”. That was _______ the first computer virus was developed. Then, on November 2, 1988, a program created by Robert Morris of the United States infected and crashed 6,000 computers_________ (connect) by the Internet research computer network. Morris was later found __________ of doing harm to government computers.The world’s first subway was built in London in 1863. The poor areas of the city were so crowded ______ people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get ________. The government was interested in finding a way to ease the pressure of people _________ (live) in poor parts of London. If people had a convenient way that they could become ____________ (depend) on to get to and from work, they would ___________ (locate) their homes outside of the city. The plans for building the underground met ______ several problems and delays, _______ the first track was finally opened in January. ___________, the smoke from the engine soon ________ the air in the tunnels with ash and soot, as well as chemical gases. Fans were used to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe. Even ________ its problems, riding the underground ________ catch on. Nowadays, shopping malls ________ (build) in traffic stations _________ riders move fromone train to another have helped the popularity of subways in cities. Stations include department stores, supermarkets, restaurants, and specialty shops. Shoppers never have to go _______ ground!(18) ROCK AND ROLLRock and roll has its origin__________ three different traditions of music. Perhaps the largest influence on rock came from R & B music ___________(popularity) in the southwestern United States ___________ the 1930s and 1940s. Early rock music was also heavily influenced by the gospel and country music of the 1950s. These elements , ________with the typical lyrics focusing _______ teenage concerns such as school, parents, cars, and love, all_________ (combine) to create the music now known as rock and roll. Rock and roll first became popular in 1954, the first true superstar of _________was, of course, Elvis Presley. _________his sexy looks and controversial dancing style, he captured the imagination and hearts of young people around the world. _________no figures have ever been published, he was surely the_______ successful solo artist in history. Over his career from 1956 to 1977, he had all told more than 170 major hit_________ (single) and more than 80 top-selling albums.In the early 1960s, however, rock and roll suffered a brief decline in_____________ for two reasons. First, Elvis Presley went into the army and____________ (record) for a while. _________, record companies began to try and make rock music more suitable for all music lovers. Record companies tried promoting bland new artists who didn’t attract audiences. Therefore, not ___________ (surprise), audiences failed to flock to these artists as they had_______ Elvis Presley.20Every year 2.2 million tons of oil _____1_______(spill) into the ocean. Actually, this only amounts to a small _______2____ (percent) of the total 1.6 billion tons of oil ______3_____ (ship) around the world each year. However, this spilled oil has had terrible effects on ocean life. ____4____these spills , officials will try to discover who or_____5____ was at fault to help prevent similar accidents in the future. One of the worst oil spills in history occurred alongthe Alaskan coastline in 1989. In this accident, 42,000 tons of oil spilled ___6_____a tanker which resulted in terrible damage ____7____ this natural area. It was because the tanker’s captain, who was tired ____8_____overwork and ____9___ (drink) alcohol, gave control of the ship to the third mate, who was______10______ (familiar) with the path the ship was taking, ____11___disaster happened soon, with the ship running onto a huge underwater reef.21 Development Seeks to Achieve Social HarmonySocial harmony is again to be the theme of the session of the Communist Party Central Committee’s meeting. This is the third time the issue _____1_______(bring up) since September 2004, ____2______(indicate) that social harmony is ____3______primary importance in the eyes of Chinese leaders. It is also a suggestion that this issue is far from _____4_______(solve). They will have to work harder.Recent years have witnessed a general upsurge in _____5_______(expect) among the Chinese people . Citizens are____6____ aware of their individual rights, and are willing to stand ____7___ to fight against any infringement. At present, national stability is no longer a big issue, and that is ___8____the focus has been elevated to social harmony instead. Social harmony is a complicated issue arising from ______9_______ (balance) regional development, uneven allocation of resources , unfair distribution of income, corruption and deficiencies in Chinese legal system. _____10_____hard they try, these problems cannot be solved overnight. All the above- mentioned problems result from over-emphasis ___11____economic growth and the remedy ____12____in the promotion of “green GDP”. ____13______sense tells us that economic growth is not ___14_______ ; but without it, there is nothing. China has over 20 million young people_____15______(enter) the labor market every year, ____16____, it is estimated that China needs at ___17_____ 7 percent annual growth only to supply them with jobs. Failing this, China would face high____18__ (employ)and achieving social harmony would also be ____19_______. Economic growth and social harmony are not mutually exclusive, instead, ____20___are partners.22A latest survey sponsored by the Tianjin Municipal Youth Working Committee sampled students____1____ (age) between 6 and 14, their parents, teachers and principals in ten schools. Too much _____2______has been a long-standing problem plaguing Chinese school students. Chinese ______3______ departments have adopted various policies calling on teachers to _____4_____students’burden. However, many students do not feel any ___5_____unburdened because of high expectations ____6____parents and the pressure of ____7____for college entrance examination held___8____ a year. Some students have lost the confidence in their studies because of those______9_____. Parents also pay much attention to the grades of their children, _____10____ little about their psychological problems and other interests. ____11___survey was also conducted by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, according to __12_____, around 32 percent of high school students encountered psychological difficulties of one kind or the other. ______13_____(psychology) have warned that an increasing ____14_____of people suffer from psychological problems ____15____ China’s urbanization gathers pace. ____16____(lonely), anxiety and depression are common problems for some urban people and ___17___ (migrate) workers ___18___often live on the fringes of urban society. Cases caused by pressures _____19______(appear) frequently in recent media reports: college students who can’t stand pressures they suffer, migrant workers committing suicide _____20____failing to obtain overdue wages and members of the social elite falling into mental depression.23Violent crime on college campuses has taken a_____1______ (disturb) jump, forcing many schools to make ______2_____(safe) a major concern along with grade inflation and the food in dining halls . Even ____3_____a recent spate(大量) of shootings, new statistics showed that the murder rate on college campuses almost doubled in 2004. Burglary and drug arrests were ____4____ as well. The most recent statistics on campus crime, ____5_____ (release) Friday, come from the U. S. Department of Education. ____6_____ figures for 2004 won’t be out until next January, the 2003 numbers have given a sharper picture of violence on college greens and in dorms, ____7____offers______8_____ (administration) and parents reason for both concern and consolation. The overriding observation from the latest numbers might be _____9____safe schools remain. Despite the increase in the homicide rate, authorities point out_____10____ there was about 0.14 on campus murders per 100,000 students compared with a murder rate in the general population of about 5.5 per 100,000. From social_______11______ (investigate), we find the astonishing status of crime in school. Nearly half of the students have experienced______12______ (threat), beaten and cursed by others, and one out of three has the _____13______of being blackmailed. Worse still, most of the victims _____14____ not tell the truth to their parents, which makes the crime in school run_____15______ (wild).Napoleon died on May 5,1821, ______ the island of St. Helena. _____ a Swedish doctor examined some of Napoleon’s hair and found a high level of arsenic, a chemical poison, it is doubtful _________ Napoleon was murdered. ________ the battle of Waterloo, he was sent to the island in 1815 and became a _______ (prison). _________ he had servants to attend _______him, he had to live in a small building. So wet is St. Helena ______ the walls of the building were always covered _____ mold. Constantly he had a fever and felt sick to his stomach. He often felt pain _____ his shoulders. _________ of the medicine that the doctors gave Napoleon seemed to help. They were not sure what was the matter. Finally, he was ______ weak to leave the house. One night, while he was sleeping, he went _______ a coma and died.(54)The Ministry OF Education on Tuesday released some information about Chinese students who went abroad for study in 2006. The information shows__31__ in 2006, some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, 120,000 o(55) A clean air supply is essential to our own health and __31__of the environment. But since the industrial revolution, the quality of air we breathe has worsened __32__(consider)---mainly as a result of human activities. Rising industrial and energy production, the burning of fossil fuel and the dramatic rise in traffic on our roads__33__contribute to air pollution in our towns and cities__34__, in turn, can lead to serious health problems. For example, air pollution is increasingly being mentioned __35__ the main cause of lung conditions such as asthma--- __36__ more people suffer from asthma today compared to 20 years ago.Since the early 1970s, the European Union has been working to improve air quality by controlling emissions of harmful substances__37__the atmosphere, improving fuel quality and___38__(combine)environmental protection requirements with the transport and energy sections. As the result of EU law, much progress has been made in dealing with air pollutants. However, despite a __39__(reduce) in some harmful emissions, air quality continues to cause。