2006年秋南京航空航天大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
中国科学院2006年3月博士研究生招生入学考试英语考试真题
中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷(2006年3月)考生须知：一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。
试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用非机读答题纸。
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三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。
时间及分值分布如下：试卷一：Ⅰ词汇15分钟10分Ⅱ完形填空15分钟15分Ⅲ阅读80分钟40分试卷二：小计110分钟65分Ⅳ英译汉30分钟15分ⅴ写作40分钟20分小计70分钟35分THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch 2006PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. The problem is that most local authorities lack the to deal sensibly in this market.A. anticipationB. perceptionC. prospectD. expertise2. Awards provide a(n) for young people to improve their skills.A. incentiveB. initiativeC. fugitiveD. captive3. The profit motive is inherently with principles of fairness and equity.A. in lineB. in tradeC. at timesD. at odds4. Oil is derived from the of microscopic sea creatures, and is even older, according to most geologists.A. layoutsB. remindersC. remainsD. leftovers5. Successful students sometimes become so with grades that they never enjoy their school years.A. passionateB. involvedC. immersedD. obsessed6. Apparently there were between police reports taken from the same witnesses at different times.A. distortionsB. discrepanciesC. disordersD. distractions7. It had been a terrible afternoon for Jane, at about six o’clock in her father’s sudden collapse into unconsciousness.A. convergingB. culminatingC. finalizingD. releasing8. The 12-year-old civil war had 1.5 million lives.A. declaredB. proclaimedC. claimedD. asserted9. The tribe has agreed to contribute 2 percent of net to charitable activities in the county.A. expensesB. revenuesC. budgetsD. payments10. This will make schools more directly and effectively to parents, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes.A. accountableB. submittedC. subjectedD. available11. Make up your mind that whatever the short-term temptations may be, you will never from the highest standards of honor.A. deviateB. escapeC. deriveD. refrain12. They teach the vocabulary of the English used in computer science, which is also listed in the glossary.A. in sumB. in totalC. in generalD. in full13. This brings a feeling of emptiness that can never be filled and leaves us with a for more.A. scarcityB. commandC. hungerD. request14. Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam , surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everyday run of things.A. at peaceB. at leisureC. at restD. at speed15. The closest to English and Welsh grammar schools are called grammar secondary schools; they can, however, accept some fee-paying pupils.A. equalityB. equationC. equivalentD. equity16. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was_____ revised.A. consecutivelyB. consequentlyC. successivelyD. subsequently17. He us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues we are concerned about.A. confusesB. regardsC. strikesD. knocks18. The water was so clear that it the trees on the river bank.A. shadowedB. shadedC. representedD. reflected19. Some 121 countries may be designated“developing”, and of this 121, seventeen countries_______more than four-fifths of energy consumption.A. amount toB. account forC. add upD. take away20. The researchers found the age at which young people first fall to bullies seems to determine how much it affects them.A. sacrificeB. shortC. witnessD. victimPART Ⅱ CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a singlebar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Given the choice between spending an evening with friends and taking extra time for his schoolwork, Andy Klise admits he would probably 21 for the latter. It’s not that he doesn’t like to have fun; it’s just that his desire to ex cel 22 drives his decision-making process.A 2001 graduate of Wooster High School and now a senior biology major at The College of Wooster, Klise acknowledges that he may someday have 23 thoughts about his decision to limit the time he has spent 24 , but for now, he is comfortable with the choices he has made. “If things had not25 out as well as they have, I would have had some regrets,” says Klise, who was a Phi Beta Kappa inductee as a junior. “But spending the extra time studying has been well w orth the 26 . I realized early on that to be successful, I had to make certain 27 .”28 the origin of his intense motivation, Klise notes that it has been part of his makeup for as long as he can remember. “I’ve always been goal29 ,” he says. “Th is internal drive has caused me to give my all 30 pretty much everything I do.”Klise 31 Wooster’s nationally recognized Independent Study (I.S.) program with preparing him for his next 32 in life: a research position with the National Institute of H ealth (NIH).“I am hoping that my I.S. experience will help me33 a research position with NIH,” says Klise. “The yearlong program gives students a chance to work with some of the nation’s34 scientists while making the 35 from undergraduate to gradua te studies or a career in the medical field.”21. A. intend B. prefer C. opt D. search22.A. academically B. professionally C. socially D. technically23.A. different B. certain C. second D. other24.A. entertaining B. socializing C. enjoying D. sporting25.A. developed B. appeared C. occurred D. worked26.A. investment B. reward C. payment D. compensation27.A. devotions B. concessions C. sacrifices D. attempts28. A. Besides B. As for C. Out of D. Despite29.A. directed B. oriented C. conducted D. guided30.A. about B. with C. at D. in31.A. credits B. registers C. selects D. observes32. A. run B. step C. pace D. leap33.A. hold B. occupy C. anchor D. land34.A. leading B. advanced C. nominated D. marvelous35. A. achievement B. transition C. position D. vocationPART Ⅲ READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete state ments. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneShe’s cute, no question. Symmetrical features, flawless skin, looks to be 22 years old—entering any meat-market bar, a woman lucky enough to have this face would turn enough heads to stir a breeze. But when Victor Johnston points and clicks, the face on his computer screen changes into a state of superheated, crystallized beauty. “You can see it. It’s just so extraordinary,” says Johnston, a professor of biopsychology at New Mexico State University who sounds a little in love with his creation.The transformation from pretty woman to knee-weakening babe is all the more amazing because the changes wrought by Johnston’s software are, objectively speaking, quite subtle. He created the original face by digitally averaging 16 randomly selected female Caucasian faces. The changing program then exaggerated the ways in which female faces differ from male faces, creating, in human-beauty-science field, a“hyper-female”. The eyes grew a bit larger, the nose narrowed slightly and the lips plumped. These are shifts of just a few millimeters, but experiments in this country and Scotland are suggesting that both males and females find“feminized”versions of averaged faces more beautiful.Johnston hatched this little movie as part of his ongoing study into why human beings find some people attractive and others homely. He may not have any rock-solid answers yet, but he is far from alone in attempting to apply scientific inquiry to so ambiguous a subject. Around the world, researchers are marching into territory formerly staked out by poets and painters to uncover the underpinnings of human attractiveness.The research results so far are surprising—and humbling. Numerous studies indicate that human beauty may not be simply in the eye of the beholder or an arbitrary cultural artifact. It may be ancient and universal, wrought through ages of evolution that rewarded reproductive winners and killed off losers. If beauty is not truth, it may be health and fertility: Halle Berry’s flawless skin may fascinate moviegoers because, at some deep level, it persuades us that she is parasite-free.Human attractiveness research is a relatively young and certainly contentious field—the allure of hyper-females, for example, is still hotly debated—but those on its front lines agree on one point: We won’t conquer“looks-ism” until we understand its source. As psychologist Nancy Etcoff puts it:“The idea that beauty is unimportant or a cultural construct is the real beauty myth. We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.”36.The woman described in the very beginning of the text is .A. in fact in her late twentiesB. Johnston’s ideal girlfriendC. a stunning beautyD. is a professional prostitute37. Victor Johnston synthesized a new face by combining the features of16 .A. beautiful European womenB. different women around the worldC. casually chosen white womenD. ordinary western women38. Through a few tiny changes made by Johnston, the synthesized face became even more .A. masculineB. averageC. feminineD. neutral39.Victor Johnston has produced such an attractive face in order to .A. give his computer a beautiful screenB. study the myth of human attractivenessC. prove the human capacity to create beautiesD. understand why Caucasian faces are special40. Paragraph 4 suggests that human beauty may be .A. culturally differentB. a disease-free idolC. individual-dependentD. a world agreed value41.It’s a consensus among the researchers that humans are still unconscious of .A. why they look attractiveB. when attractiveness is importantC. how powerful beauty isD. what constitutes beautyPassage TwoIt’s becoming something of a joke along the Maine-Canada border. So many busloads of retired people crisscross the line looking for affordable drugs that the roadside stands should advertise, “Lobsters. Blueberries. Lipitor. Coumalin.” Except, of course, that such a market in prescription drugs would be illegal.These senior long-distance shopping sprees fall in a legal gray zone. But as long as people cross the border with prescriptions from a physician and have them filled for no more than a three-month supply for personal use, customs and other federal officials leave them alone. The trip might be tiring, but people can save an average of 60 percent on the cost of their prescription drugs. For some, that’s the difference between taking the drugs or doing without. “The last bus trip I was on six months ago had 25 seniors,” says Chellie Pingree, former Maine state senator and now president of Common Cause.“Those 25 people saved $19,000 on their supplies of drugs.” Pingree sponsored Maine RX, which authorizes a discounted price on drugs for Maine residents who lack insurance coverage. The law was challenged by drug companies but recently upheld by the U.S.Su preme Court. It hasn’t yet taken effect.Figuring out ways to spend less on prescription drugs has become a multifaceted national movement of consumers, largely senior citizens. The prescription drug bill in America is $160 billion annually, and people over 65 fill five times as many prescriptions as working Americans on average.“But they do it on health benefits that are half as good and on incomes that are half as large,” says Richard Evans, senior analyst at Sanford C.Bernstein, an investment research fi rm. What’s more, seniors account for 20 percent of the voting public.It’s little wonder that the May 19 Supreme Court ruling got the attention of drug manufacturers and politicians across the country. The often-over-looked state of 1.3 million tucked in the northeast comer of the country became David to the phar-maceutical industry’s Goliath. The face-off began three years ago when state legislators like Pingree began questioning why Maine’s elderly population had to take all those bus trips.42.The elderly Americans cross the Maine-Canada border in order to get drugs that are .A. sold wholesaleB. over the counterC. less expensiveD. tax-free43.We can learn from the second paragraph that .A. people can buy as many drugs for personal useB. the cross-border drug shopping has been out of the federal controlC. Chellie Pingree used to be one of the cross-border shoppers for drugsD. the cross-border shopping is the only way for some Americans to get drugs44. Maine Rx mentioned in Paragraph Two is a .A. billB. drug companyC. customs officeD. seniors society45. Most cross-border shoppers are retired people, rather than working Americans, because the former .A. have more leisure timeB. fill more prescriptionsC. mostly enjoy long tripsD. are fond of street shopping46. Politicians were interested in the May 19 Supreme Court ruling because .A. they couldn’t improve the well-being of the elderlyB. they couldn’t afford to ignore the elderly’s votesC. they saw the elderly as the greatest contributorsD. they saw the elderly as deserving a special care47. David and Goliath are names used to describe a situation in which_____.A. the two groups are evenly matched in strengthB. a more powerful group is fighting a less powerful group_____.C. a less powerful group is fighting a more powerful groupD. both of the two groups are losersPassage ThreeIt’s navel gazing time again, that stretch of the year when many of us turn our attention inward and think about how we can improve the way we live our lives. But as we embark on this annual ritual of introspection, we would do well to ask ourselves a simple question: Does it really do any good?The poet Theodore Roethke had some insight into the matter:“Self-contemplation is a curse that makes an old confusion worse.” As a psychologist, I think Roethke had a point, one that’s supported by a growing body of controlled psychological studies.In a study I conducted with Dolores Kraft, a clinical psychologist, and Dana Dunn, a social psychologist, people in one group were asked to list the reasons their relationship with a romantic partner was going the way it was, and then rate how satisfied they were with the relationship. People in another group were asked to rate their satisfaction without any analysis; they just gave their gut reactions.It might seem that the people who thought about the specifics would be best at figuring out how they really felt, and that their satisfaction ratings would thus do the best job of predicting the outcome of their relationships.In fact, we found the reverse. It was the people in the“gut feeling”group whose ratings predicted whether they were still dating their partner several months later. As for the navel gazers, their satisfaction ratings did not predict the outcome of their relationships at all. Rather, too much analysis can confuse people about how they really feel.Self-reflection is especially problematic when we are feeling down. Research bySusan Nolen Hoeksema, a clinical psychologist at Yale University, shows that when people are depressed, ruminating on their problems makes things worse.For years it was believed that emergency workers like police officers and firefighters should undergo a debriefing process to focus on and relive their experiences; the idea was that this would make them feel better and prevent mental health problems down the road. But did it do any good? In an extensive review of the research, a team led by Richard McNally, a clinical psychologist at Harvard, concluded that debriefing procedures have little benefit and might even hurt by interrupting the normal healing process. People often distract themselves from thinking about painful events right after they occur, and this may be better than mentally reliving the events.48.According to the author, why do people tend to look inward at the end of a year?A. They want to know if they get prepared for the future.B. They consider it beneficial to their future lives.C. They pay too much attention to their self-improvement.D. They overemphasize their progress in the past year.49.The author agrees with Theodore Roethke on that_____.A. people need self-reflection when they feel blueB. people are reluctant to confide in romantic partnersC. people may be more depressed by recalling the painful pastD. people would become sober when clearing up the confusions50.The findings of the study on the satisfaction ratings in romantic relationship reveal that_____.A. meditation can keep the relationship at its peakB. retrospection helps people feel satisfied with the partnerC. specific analysis can foretell the future of the relationshipD. thinking about details makes one uncertain about the relationship51.The phrase“the navel gazers”in Paragraph 5 refers to people who_____.A. boast of their own successB. hesitate in romantic relationshipsC. worry about their futureD. focus on their past52. Which of the following is the best way to help firefighters relieve their trauma?A. Leave them alone to adjust their emotions.B. Provide them with consultation about their jobs.C. Help them figure out what has happened.D. Discuss with them how to do it better next time.53.According to the passage, _____can help people get over a painful experience.A. pouring out their feelings about itB. distracting their attention from itC. discussing it with specialistsD. recalling the specificsPassage FourPublic speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that willbring them out. If parents, teachers or peers mocked your foibles as a child, you fear a repeat. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written screeds to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana’s funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally, a script rarely works and it is used as a crutch by most people. But, being yourself doesn’t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.I remember going to see British psychiatrist RD Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of“flow”, as psychologists call it, is very satisfying. Whether in normal life or making speeches, the key is to remind yourself that, contrary to what your teachers or parents may have implied, your best is good enough. In the zone, a strange place of authentic falsehood and shallow depth, play is possible.54.For most people the biggest fear for public speaking is_____.A. looking foolishB. failing in wordsC. not attracting attentionD. appearing pressurized55.According to the passage shy people_____A. have greater difficulty than extrovert onesB. are not good at actingC. may well do a good job in a speechD. are better speakers in the public eye56.A successful speech maker is usually one who_____.A. can act naturallyB. makes careful preparationsC. rehearses adequatelyD. can get across easily57.The example of the British psychiatrist in Paragraph 6 shows a failure in_____.A. showing modesty in publicB. talking about one’s own tradeC. presenting the topic logicallyD. communicating with the audience58.“Shallow depth” in the last paragraph implies_____.A. being yourself in the performanceB. trying to look seriousC. pretending to be well-preparedD. being seemingly knowledgeable59.From the passage, we get the impression that public speaking issomething_____.A. hard to do wellB. scary but manageableC. tough but rewardingD. worthwhile to challengePassage FiveAfrican American women’s search for societal acceptance often encompasses struggle between natural and socially constructed ideas of beauty. As an essential component in traditional African societies, cosmetic modification is ritualized to emphasize natural features of blackness. Defined by social occasion such as childhood development to maturity, indicators of marital status or the group to which you belong, beautification of the hair and body play an essential role. In our racially conscious society, presenting a physical image and being accepted is a complex negotiation between two different worlds.Hair is an outward expression of culture and heritage. It also represents a sense of personal style. In the search for the African American identity, blacks have undergone many different changes in hairstyle. Hairstyles are cultural classifiers of what African Americans consider beautiful. Hairstyles are a representation of the African American soul, all of their confidence and dignity show in how they present themselves on Sundays and on a daily basis.“During the sixties, white American youth used their hair to make a variety of political and philosophical statements,”young blacks joined thereafter.“The natural hairstyle not only was easier to care for, but also gave African Americans a closer tie to their heritage. Natural style serves as a visible imprimatur of blackness; a tribute to group unity; a statement of self-love and personal significance.”By rejecting the white standards of beauty, black Americans halted the processes of using chemical straighteners or hot irons.A woman talks about her struggle.“I remember b attling with the idea of going natural for several years. I never had the courage because every time I pictured myself with my natural hair, I never saw beauty. Now my hair is natural, thick and healthy.”African American women are finding confidence within themselves to wear their hair naturally and feel beautiful about it. Many contemporary African Americans are avoiding high maintenance and feeling confident in their natural beauty.It was a different story in the past. African Americans were pressed. Shame was the motivation behind blacks losing their roots and ethnic identity. By being brainwashed into believing black people are“inferior”and white people are“superior”African Americans have mutilated and adjusted their bodies to try to look“pretty”by whit e standards.Hair is as different as the people it belongs to. People are finally recognizing that beauty is what helps to create our individual identities. Ultimately, individual confidence shapes and strengthens the culture of the African American community.60.The first paragraph tells us that African Americans_____.A. have been trying hard to be socially acceptedB. have been changing their value about beautyC. have maintained their identity of traditional AfricansD. have modified their hairstyles to fit into the society61. What kind of problem do African Americans face in society?A. They would look ugly if they don’t change their hairstyles.B. Their natural image may not be accepted by white Americans.C. They would never find a suitable hairstyle in the hair salons.D. Their cultural heritage may risk being abandoned by themselves.62.The word“imprimatur”in Paragraph 2 most probably means_____.A. dislikeB. betrayalC. approvalD. suspicion63. African Americans stopped using chemical straighteners or hot irons because_____.A. they reversed the attitude the white people had towards themB. they started to see beauty in their thick curly hairC. they feel good and comfortable in being differentD. they accepted the white standards of beauty64.Why did some African Americans accept the white standards of beauty?A. Because they tried to keep socially fashionable.B. Because they did not have their own standards of beauty.C. Because they were not well educated as white Americans.D. Because they wanted to become part of the mainstream.65.To African Americans, hair is a significant indicator of_____.A. their cultural identityB. their aesthetic tasteC. their social recognitionD. their challenge against the societySection B (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneFrancois Jacob wrote that“an age or culture is characterized less by the extent of its knowledge tha n by the nature of the questions it puts forward.”66 .Admittedly, the most brilliant cultures are developed during the days of knowledge acquirement. 67 . Many convincing examples can be given when looking back to the cultural development of these countries. The most influential Chinese culture flourished during Tang Dynasty, which was established a thousand years ago. This influence can be traced by the word“Tang Street”, another name for Chinatown. And it was during the same time that the Chinese acquired more knowledge than they had before.68 However, when compared with the knowledge people have acquired and are acquiring today, the knowledge of the ancient Tangs and Arabs is unquestionably limited. But in all history books, the cultures of the Tang Dynasty and the ancient Arab are introduced in detail, while the cultures of the People’s Republic of China and the Arab League are seldom mentioned.69 . For instance, the ancient Greeks and Romans’knowledge about nature was definitely insufficient, but they are still recognized as the founders of the most magnificent ages and cultures in human history because the questions put forward and thought about by them were profound and meaningful. In the works of the Greeks and。
南京航空航天大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京航空航天大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurredto me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateralmove that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promptedme to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in themanner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit byclaiming I wanted to spend more time with my family.Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,myexperiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tiredexcuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from apassionate advocate of the philosophy of have it all,preached byLinda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her Geng duo yuanxiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quanguo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi much-publicized resignationfrom the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoningthe doctrine of juggling your life,and making the alternative moveinto downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financialsuccess and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to thekind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hourworking days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of officepolitics and the limitations of being a parent on quality time.In America,the move away from juggling to a simpler,lessmaterialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting―also known in America as voluntary simplicity―has, ironically,even bred a new area of what might be termedanti-consumerism.There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;there are newsletters,such as The Tightwad Gazette,that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap;there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline―after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s―and is still linked to the politics of thrift,in Britain,at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance,we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the80s,downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life―growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into one―as a personal recognition of your limitations.67.Which of the following is true according to paragraph1?[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C]A lateral move means stepping out of full-time employment.[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with herfamily.68.The writer's experiment shows that downshifting________.[A]enables her to realize her dream[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69.Juggling one's life probably means living a life characterized by________.[A]non-materialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything[C]extreme stress[D]anti-consumerism70.According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the US asa result of________.[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man's adventurous spirit[C]man's search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situation重点单词：lateral/5lAtErEl/（侧面的，旁边的）可看作later+al，later即单词后来，-al词后缀，后来者只能靠边站→旁边的。
2006年英语真题+答案解析
河南省2019年普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语Part Ⅰ Word Formation (1×10 points)Directions:There are 10 incomplete statements in this part. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, and write the right answer in the brackets.1. She was engaged in an _______(argue)with Roberts about equal pay for men and women.2. These methods are _______(effect)in English teaching.3. The professor has a large _______(collect)of books.4. If you read the paper _______(care), I am sure you will pass the exam.5. The _______(excite)crowd rushed into the mayor’s office.6. I don’t think it wise to teach students of different _______(able) in the same class.7. The whole world looks upon the rapid _______(economy)development of our country as a great wonder.8. It is_______ (scientific)to think that science can solve all the problems for human beings.9. Many television viewers take him as their _______(favor) actor.10. After he finished the assignment, he found some _______(addition)exercises to do.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (1×40 points)Directions:In this part there are 40 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and write the choice in the brackets.11. The departure time of the plane has been postponed, so we have nothing to do now but _____.A.waitB.to be waitingC.to waitD.waiting12. I couldn’t understand why he pretended _____ in the garden.A. not to see me C. to see me notB. not see me D. to see not me13. Only when we came back home, _____ that my watch was missing.A. did I find C. I had foundB. I found D. Had I found14. _____ more time, the scientists will be able to work out a good solution to the problem.A. GivenB.GivingC. To giveD. Be given15. Some of the apples were rotten before reaching the market and _____ away.A.could be thrown C. could throwB. had to be thrown D. had to throw16. _____ in Beijing for more than twenty years, he knows the city very well.A.LivingB. LivedC. Having livedD. To live17. Mr. Zhang, _____ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s.A. WhichB.thatC. whoD.whom18. We plan to increase the output of the machine _____ 7.4 percent this year.A. AtB. inC.byD. with19. I don’t mind _____ out for a walk in such bad weather.A.goB.to goC. goingD. gone20. As a lawyer he spent a lot of time _____ investigations.A. Conducted C. conductB. to conduct D. conducting21. The new invention is to make our daily life easier, _____ it more difficult.A. not to make C. not makingB. not make D. do not make22. _____, the old man had a sharp ear for even the slightest sound.A.As he was blind C.Blind as he wasB. As blind as he was D. As he was just blind23. I _____ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A.should arrive C.could have arrivedB.would be arriving D. arrived24. The news _____ our football team had won the match excited all of us.A. WhatB. whichC. thatD. as25. Henry looked very much _____ when he was caught cheating in the exam.A. DiscouragedB. embarrassedC. disappointedD.pleased26. We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly.A.benefitsB. affectsC. guidesD. effects27. Janet, _____ was read by the teacher, is a top student in our class.A.the composition of hers C. her compositionB. the composition of whom D. whose composition28. Hardly had he entered the classroom _____ the bell rang.A. ThanB. thenC. whenD. so29. I would rather you _____ to the party with her.A.goB. wentC. will go D has gone30. His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself _____.A.understood C. be understoodB. Understand D. to understand31. The sun heats the earth, _____ makes it possible for plants to grow.A.thatB. whereC. whichD. what32. Little _____ that the police are about to arrest him.A. does he know C.he doesn’t knowB. he knows D. he didn’t know33. It’s high time we _____ something to stop road accidents.A.are doingB.didC. will doD.do34. This is the best novel _____ I have ever read.A. WhichB. whereC. thatD. what35. It’s necessary that the problem _____ in some way or other.A. is settled C.be settledB. has been settled D. was settled36. _____ you say, I am sure that the young man is innocent.A. Whatever C. HoweverB.Whoever D. Wherever37. Staying in a hotel costs _____ renting a room in an apartment for a week.A. twice as more as C. twice as much asB. as more twice as D. as much twice as38. John puts up his hand _____ the teacher asks a question.A. every timeB. in timeC.some timeD. at times39. When you are free this afternoon, please help me to have these letters _____.[A.to mail B. mail C. mailed D. mailing40. I wish you _____ here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival.A.came C. comeB. had come D. will come41. By the time you arrive in London, we _____ in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stay C. have stayedB. will have stayed D. have been staying42. I didn’t see him at the meeting yesterday afternoon. He _____ it.A. mustn’t attend C. wouldn’t have attendedB. can’t have attended D. needn’t have attended43. I think there’s no comparison between the two cars, one _____ clearly far better than the other.A.beingB. wasC. having beenD. be44. Many of his novels are reported _____ into several foreign languages last year.A.to be translated C. being translatedB. to translate D.to have been translated45. Mary said it was _____ box for me to carry.A. a too heavy C.too heavy aB.too a heavy D. too heavy46. The children are required not to leave the building unless _____ to do so.A. being told C.be toldB.they will be told D. told47. I’ve never seen the young man _____ next to the director.A.sitsB. satC. sittingD. to sit48. We object _____ carrying out the plan.A. ForB. to beC. aboutD. to49. Shanghai has experienced such great changes that everyone can recognize that it is no longer_____.A.what it used to C. the same it used to beB. that it used to like D. what it used to be50. He bought a new mobile phone last Sunday, because his old one _____.A.had stolenB. had been stolenC.was stolenD. stolenPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (2×20 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, you should decide the best choice.Passage 1Who takes care of the elderly in the United States today?The fact is that family members provide over 80% of the care that elderly people need.In most cases the elderly live in their own homes.A very small percentage of America’s elderly live in nursing homes.Samuel Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches about 40 years of age, their parents are usually still alive. The statistics show the change in lifestyles and responsibilities of aging (老龄化)Americans.The average middle aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents sometime after their own children have grown up.Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long term care. These facts also mean that after caregivers provide for their elderly parents, who will eventually die,they will be old and may require care too. When they do, their spouses(配偶)will probably take care of them because they have had fewer children than their parents did.Because Americans are living longer than ever, more social workers have begun to study ways of care giving to improve the care of the elderly. They have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic:They believe that they are the best people for the job. The social workershave also discovered three basic reasons why the caregivers take on the responsibility of caring for an elderly, dependent relative. Many caregivers believe they had an obligation(职责) to help their relatives. Some think that helping others makes them feel more useful.Others hope that by helping someone now, they will deserve care when they become old and dependent.51. Samuel Preston’s study shows that________.A. lifestyles and responsibilities of the elderly are not changingB. most American couples over 40 have no living parentsC. Middle aged Americans have to take care of their children and parents at the same timeD. elderly people may need care for a long time because they live longer after an illness52. Who will most probably take care of the middle aged Americans when they need care themselves?A. They themselves.B. Their close friends.C. Their children.D. Their husbands or wives.53. All caregivers believe that they can________.A. care for their elderly parents better than any other peopleB. keep closer to their old parents by this meansC. do much better if they have a job as social workersD. improve the care of the elderly with the help of the social workers54. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people look after their relatives?A. They feel they are of use to other people.B. They want to set an example to their children.C. They think it is their duty to help their relatives.D. They hope they deserve care when they need it.55. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Most old people live longer today after an illness than people did years ago.B. Many old people are put into nursing homes by their families, who do not visit themr egularly.C. Most elderly people are taken care of by their families, who assume the responsibility ford ifferent reasons.D. Most elderly people are satisfied with the better ways of care giving that social workershave come up with.Passage 2I once knew a young man, nineteen years of age, who lived with absolute outward (外表的) confidence and self possession for a number of years before I discovered that he could not read or write. His various methods of trick, which were also skills of self protection, were so skillful and so desperate(绝望) that neither I nor any of his other adult friends were aware of his entire helplessness in face of written words until we went to dinner one night at a local restaurant—and suddenly discovered that he could not read.Even here, it was not the first time we went out to eat, but something like the second or third, that Peter’s desperation shocked me. The first time, he was clever enough to cover the truth. He studied the menu for a moment, then looked up to the waitress and asked her if he could have “just a coke and a hamburger”. He told me later that he had done the same thing many times before and that he had learned to act as if he were examining the menu:“Then I ask for a coke and a hamburger…Sometimes they give me a hamburger on a plate with salad and potatoes…Then I ask the m for a roll and make my own hamburger.”As we began to go out to eat more frequently, Peter would ask to go to Howard Johnson’s. I soon discovered the reason for his choice: The photographs, attached in cellophane(玻璃纸) containers to each of the standard items on the menu, could help him not to struggle with the shape of words at all. Howard Johnson’s, whether intentionally or not, had provided the perfect escape for the endangered pride of an adult who was illiterate(文盲).56. When he went to a restaurant, Peter would________.A. pretend that he could not read or writeB. pretend to be studying the menuC. be desperate for help from other peopleD. protect himself by playing a musical instrument57. The young man was not found to be illiterate until________.A. he dined out with his adult friends at Howard Johnson’sB. he could no longer come up with various ways of deceptionC. he had dinner with his friends at a certain local restaurant for the second or third timeD. he was not careful enough to be aware of his entire helplessness in face of written words58. What did the young man usually have at a restaurant?A. Standard items on the menu.B. A hamburger made by himself.C. Foods that other people ordered.D. A coke and a hamburger.59. The word “self pos session”（Para.1）probably means________.A. Self confidenceB. self consciousnessC. Self disciplineD. self devotion60. Why did the young man like to go to Howard Johnson’s?A. Howard Johnson’s provided a perfect escape when anything dangerous should happen.B. The menu at Howard Johnson’s gave a clear introduction of the food it served.C. The photographs attached to the main items on the menu helped conceal his illiteracy.D. He would feel at ease because eaters at Howard Johnson’s were all ad ult non readers.Passage 3After practising as a surgeon for several years, Dr.Ginoux decided to apply for membership in the American College of Surgeons(美国外科医生学会), a highly selective and distinguished(著名的) professional organization.As part of the application procedure(手续)，Dr.Ginoux was asked to prepare a list of all the operations performed in the previous even years. Slowly, as she worked on the long list, she began to feel uncertain. She began to question some of her decisions. Had she used the best technique in that case?Maybe, in this case, she should have given one more test before operating?On the other hand, maybe she should have...Would the doctors on the selection committee understand that, as the only trained surgeon in the area, she usually could not get advice from others and therefore, had to rely completely on her own judgment?For the first time, Dr.Ginoux felt lonely and isolated. The longer Dr.Ginoux worked on the application forms, the more depressed she became. As hope faded, she wondere d if a “country doctor”had a realistic chance of being accepted by the American College of Surgeons.61. Dr.Ginoux was working in________.A. a large cityB. the American College of SurgeonsC. an area far from any big cityD. a selective organization62. It was most probable that Dr.Ginoux was________.A. a member in that organizationB. a well trained surgeonC. a graduate from American College of SurgeonsD. a distinguished surgeon in America63. When she was filling the application forms, Dr.Ginoux began to be________.A. RealisticB. depressedC. PuzzledD. decisive64. The application forms must include________.A. the decision procedureB. the college achievementsC. the best techniqueD. a list of advice and judgments65. When filling the forms, Dr.Ginoux felt depressed because________.A. she didn’t perform enough operationsB. some operations were unsuccessfulC. she didn’t get advice from the selection committeeD. she was doubtful about her previous operationsPassage 4Are some people born clever and other born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience?Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depend on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in their intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.66. If a child is born with low intelligence, he can________.A. not reach his intelligence in his lifeB. go beyond his intelligence limits in rich surroundingsC. still become a genius if he should be given special educationD. become a genius67. “If we take two unrelated people at random from the population”(Para.2)means if we________.A. choose two persons with different intelligenceB. choose two persons who are relativeC. take out two persons of close relationshipD. pick any two persons68. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows________.A. the part that birth playsB. the importance of their positionsC. the role of environment on intelligenceD. the importance of their intelligence69. The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him________.A. neither at birth nor through educationB. both at birth and through educationC. through educationD. at birth70. The best title of this passage can be________A. Effect of EducationB. Dependence on EnvironmentC. IntelligenceD. SurroundingsPart Ⅳ Cloze Test (1×20 points)Directions:In this part there are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Earthquakes are something that most people fear. There are some places that have 71 or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, 72, have them regularly. Some places, 73 Iran and Guatemala have them frequently. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite 74.The earthquake that the people most 75 about in the United States was the one happening in San Francisco in 1906. Over 500 people died 76 it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill 77. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever 78 happened in Portugal. Around 20,000 people died.In 1923, a very powerful earthquake 79 the Tokyo-Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which 80 the earthquake.One of the 81 earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed 82 people. The most destructive （破坏性的）earthquake ever reported was also in China. 400,000 people were killed or 83 in this quake, which happened in 1556.Earthquakes are 84 which people fear. Floods and tidal waves also cause people to be 85, as 86 like typhoons and cyclones（飓风）. Sometimes these things cause lots of deaths. In 1970, a cyclone and tidal wave killed over 200,000 in Pakistan.These kinds of things make people afraid and they are very dangerous. But they probably do not worry people 87 earthquakes do, especially in these modern times. The reason is 88 we often know they are coming, because we have some 89 . Some day we may be able to know an earthquake is coming. So far, however, there is no sure way to 90 an earthquake. When one comes, it is a surprise. People cannot prepare for it.71. A. Less B. much C. Few D. little72. A. therefore B. however C. for that reason D. likewise73. A. so far as B. as C. except for D. like74. A. mysterious B. portable C. Mountainous D. movable75. A. talking B. talks C. Talked D. talk76. A. in B. over C. Of D. for77. A. most B. the majority C. most the people D. the most people78. A. broken out B. exploded C. Recorded D. brought about79. A. hindered B. imposed C. Happened D. hit80. A. participated B. invested C. Followed D. pursued81. A. maximum B. worst C. Heaviest D. mature82. A. a large sum of B. a great deal of C. a large number of D. a large amount of83. A. damaged B. injured C. Harmed D. wrecked84. A. not only the acts of nature B. not only the nature of actsC. not only acts of the natureD. not the only acts of nature85. A. feared B. surprised C. Confused D. afraid86. A. the bad storm did B. do the bad storms C. the storms did badly D. the bad storms do87. A. as many as B. as much as C. so many as D. as more as88. A. because B. why C. That D. whether89. A. warnings B. clues C. Symbols D. evidences90. A. advocate B. proclaim C. put forward D. predictPart Ⅴ Translation (2×10 points)Section ADirections:There are 5 sentences in this section. Please translate them from Chinese into English.81.就是在这间小屋里，他们勤奋地工作着。
2006年南京航空航天大学外国语学院213俄语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年南京航空航天大学外国语学院213俄语考研真题及详解ЧАСТЬ1ЧТЕНИЕ(30баллов,50минут)Прочитайтеследующиемикротекстыиподчеркнитеответ,соответствующийсодержаниюпрочитанного.Микротекст1Таня,Лена,ОляиМаксимпереписываются.ВчераТаняполучилатриписьма.Максимнаписал:«УнасвРигесегоднясолнцанет,идётдождьиснег,утромбылонольградус.Янелюблютакуюпогоду».Ленанаписала:«УнасвКрымусейчасоченьхорошо,золотаяосень:нежаркоинехолодно,15градусовтепла».Олянаписала:«Ты,наверное,слышалапорадио,чтовСибириужезима.Многоснега.Унасхолодно:минус18-20градусов.Амненравитсянашазима».1)Гдехорошаяпогода?А.ВРиге.Б.ВКрыму.В.ВСибири.2)Гдеплохаяпогода?А.ВКрыму.Б.ВСибири.В.ВРиге.3)Гдехолодно?А.ВСибири.Б.ВРиге.В.ВКрыму.【答案与解析】1.Б问题是哪里的天气好。
第三段中Лена的回答明确表示克里米亚天气非常好，不冷不热，温度在15摄氏度左右。
2.В问题是哪里的天气不好。
第二段中Максим说他那边没有太阳，下着雨夹雪，早上温度还降到了零度。
3.А问题是哪里的天气很冷。
2006年考研英语答案解析和参考译文（二）
SectionⅠUse of English 篇章导读 本⽂是⼀篇论说⽂。
⽂章的主题是“英才通才教育”。
作者在⽂章开头就提出了⼀个具有选择性的问题：“如果我们只是需要决定是把基本的科学传授给每个⼈，还是找⼀些有才华的⼈，引领他们变得更出⾊，那么我们的⼯作将会相当容易。
”随后作者从“the education in public school， the balance among the branches of knowledge and the balance between current and classical knowledge”三个⽅⾯来论述在教育中保持知识平衡的重要性。
解读⽂章时注意作者的客观态度。
思路解析 1「答案」[C] 「解析」“选择”。
根据⽂章⼀致性原则，“choice”与⽂章第⼀句中的“decide决定”形成呼应，根据原⽂“decide whether……or……”所以下⽂就应该是对其有所“选择choice”或没有“选择choice”。
⽽选项[A]“（与属性区别的）本质：the entity of justice正义的本质”，[B]“拍卖；（某些纸牌戏中的）叫牌；叫牌阶段”，[D]“结合体，联合；（政党、个⼈、国家等）临时结成的联盟”是本题的⼲扰，均不形成呼应，不符合题意。
2「答案」[D] 「解析」“因为”。
“for”与⽂章第⼀段第三句中的“Because we depend……”构成搭配，均表⽰解释原因。
⽽选项[A][B][C]均不⽤于解释原因，不符合原⽂意思。
3「答案」[D] 「解析」“坚持下去；继续下去”。
“carry on”与原⽂中的“at the same time同时”是⼀种搭配，⽽且根据原⽂意思：“由于这种⼯作必须同时继续下去”，所以选择“carry on”。
⽽选项[A]“carry off拿⾛，搬⾛；抓⾛；夺⾛；致……死亡”，[B]“carry forward 推进，使前进”，[C]“carry away拿⾛，搬⾛；抢⾛；冲⾛，卷⾛；使激动⽽失去⾃制⼒；吸引住”均不符合题意。
南京大学考博英语真题2006-2008年答案
南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDCPart 211-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCACPart 321-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABBSection 241-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D DTranslationPart A放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。
面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。
很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。
在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。
工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。
事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。
我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。
顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。
Part B1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is stilltrue of that in small towns and villages.2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away andenjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is.3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are sosimple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case.4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone inhistory who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness.5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness tofind truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition.南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDAPart 211-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAAPart 321-25 CADBA 26-30 BAAACSection 231-34 B D B C 35-38 D A B D 39-42 B C A B 43-46 D D D C 47-50 B A C BTranslationPart A可以肯定的是，今天的人们对于成功的渴望以及其为我们带来的好处绝不亚于过去。
[研究生入学考试]2006-英语真题详解-精品文档
![[研究生入学考试]2006-英语真题详解-精品文档](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/98182334c281e53a5802ff76.png)
2006年江苏省普通高校“专转本”统一考试大学英语参考答案1．B由第一节可知，很多人享受于家庭园艺。
2．C第二节中“从春季到深秋”即大半年的时间。
3．A由第四节第一句可知，人们花在花园上的钱可多可少。
4．D由第五节最后一句可知。
5．B由最后一节最后一句可知。
6．C由本文第一句可知，以前女性不出门工作，人们思想较为保守，女秘书会干扰到职员们的工作。
7．B。
由第二节可知，女秘书们需要为上司做所有的事情。
8．A。
由第三节可知，现代社会的芯片和高科技可以取代秘书做很多事情。
9．C由第三节和第四节可知，秘书这一职位会因为科技含量的提高而提高社会地位，这在美国已经成为了事实。
10．A。
在最后一节中，作者认为男人有实力竞争这一职业。
11．A。
全篇意在说明与全球的生物进化相比，人类历史只有很短的时间。
12．D。
由第二节最后一句可知。
13．B。
根据第二节第二句可知，地球在二月份温度降低，变成坑状，形成最初的海洋。
由此可以推断，最初的地球温度很高。
14．C。
由第三节最后一句可知。
15．C。
由本文最后一句可知，《独立宣言》的签订比新年早一分钟。
16．A。
第一节主要是讨论网络求职给求职者带来了更长的等待回复的时间。
17．D。
本题可采用排除法。
Challenger教授陈述了网络求职成功率的低下，认为网络不应该仅仅用来投电子简历，建议求职者与招聘方面对面。
18．D。
由第二节可知，很多不符合岗位要求的简历增加了求职者等待回复的时间。
19．B。
因为不相关简历的增加，所以降低求职者简历到达招聘人面前几率的“过滤软件”也出现了。
20．B。
由倒数第二节可知，网络确实是职场的一场革命，给求职者带来了更多的机会。
PartⅡ21．D。
“当距离太阳更近时”，地球转得更快。
22．C。
主语中心词是number，因此谓语用单数形式。
23．D。
realistic义为“现实的”，accurate义为“准确的”，exact义为“精确的”，genuine义为“真实的”。
2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答（3）
Text 3篇章导读本⽂主要是⼀篇阐述型的⽂章。
中⼼是哥伦⽐亚号航天飞机失事的调查经过。
第1⾃然段作者⾸先提出因为有太多的情感和太多的⾃负，所以这个调查很难进⾏。
在第2⾃然段，调查组的领导⼈Gehman很谨慎地说，如果要真知道这个飞机的左翼出现问题的话，美国航空航天局的研究⼈员肯定会实施营救的，但⽬前问题在于美国航空航天局的研究⼈员有没有反对过或决定反对过进⾏调查，在4、5、6、7段作者讲述了在听证会上的主题即美国航空航天局拒绝接受军事部门提供的卫星照⽚。
本⽂的关键词为“inquiry”、“accident”、“Gehman”、“NASA”等等。
思路解析31「答案」[B]「解析」题⼲问：“本⽂最可能选⾃标题为……的⽂章”。
正确选项为[B]“对哥伦⽐亚号事件的调查”，“inquiry”和“accident”为本⽂的中⼼关键词，很显然⽂章的中⼼关键词作为整篇⽂章的⼤标题。
⽽选项[A]“Gehman对哥伦⽐亚号失事的评论”，在这篇⽂章中作者的态度相当谨慎，就事论事，没有涉及太多的评价。
选项[C]“阐述航天飞机的安全”，离题太远。
选项[D]“美国航空航天局正在被揭露的问题”，⽂中确实讲到美国航空航天局存在问题，但只是⼀部分，⽽不能作为整体。
32「答案」[B]「解析」题⼲问：“在句⼦‘since they could place’中的‘they’所指的是……”。
正确选项为[B]“回答”，对该句进⾏句型分析后，得出“they”指代的对象为前⾯的“answers”，“answer”为在听证会上的回答。
选项[A]“赔偿⾦”，选项[C]“决定”和选项[D]“问题”都与原⽂语境不相符合。
33「答案」[A]「解析」题⼲问：“根据作者，导致哥伦⽐亚号航天飞机失事的主要原因是……”。
⽂中作者明确讲述了导致航天飞机失事可能主要是因为其左翼受到了损坏，因此选项[A]“⼀个很可能左翼受到的损坏”为正确选项。
⽽选项[B]“故意拒绝卫星图⽚”，选项[C]“有⼀种多愁善感以及所涉及的⼀种⾃负”和选项[D]“航天机构在执⾏任务中的⾏动迟缓”都不是导致事件直接引发的原因。
2006年GCT英语真题及答案解析
2004年GCT英语真题及答案解析Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:Thee are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence .Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. The bird flew upward and dropped the shellfish onto the rock to ___ it open.A. cutB. pressC. breakD. shake2. People who walk on the grass are ___ to a fine of $5.A. possibleB. likelyC. liableD. reliable3. People do not always recall events as they ___ actually.A. are happeningB. will happenC. happenedD. would happen4. The Mona Lisa,___ in Italy, is now in the Louvre, a museum in Paris.A. who paintedB. who was paintedC. which paintedD. which was painted5. Dr. Hawking has made much contribution to the theories of modern physics at the ___ of his health.A. costB. disposalC. mercyD. expenditure6. John Smith, being a diligent student, never refuses to ___ more responsibilities that are assigned to him.A. take upB. take inC. take offD. take on7. Effective prevention against physical harms has never been ___ urgently needed, especially in schools.A. moreB. asC. suchD. quite8. A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers ____ not to work at all.A. should preferB. preferC. would preferD. preferred9. The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven daysa week _____ ATMs are located.A. whereverB. wheneverC. howeverD. whatever推荐阅读2012年在职研究生辅导班招生2012年在职攻硕报考条件及考试科目汇总2012GCT报名的工作程序及要求2012在职攻硕招生类别及代码2012全国联考考试科目及时间安排10. Becoming aware of our mother’s age, not just in numbers of years but _____ her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.A. in spite ofB. on account ofC. in terms ofD. by means ofPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are three passages and two advertisements in this part. Each passage and the two ads are followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green buildings can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.Buildings account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use. But green buildings can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of natural resources such as gasoline, and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on previously developed land, so that the buildings don’t destroy forests or other wild habitats (栖息地).Marty Dettling is project manager for a building that puts these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country’s first green residential high-rise building. According to Dettling, “We’ve reduced our energy consumption by one-third and our water by 50 percent.”Not everyone is leaping to move into a green building, however. Some people think that features such as solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Despite this, Dettling hopes that green buildings will become common in the future. “It’s going to be big,”she said.11. What do green buildings refer to nowadays?A. Buildings painted by green hands.B. Buildings covered with green plants.C. Buildings that are environment-friendly.D. Buildings like houses, factories, and offices.12. The word “Also” (line 2, para. 2)is used to ___.A. continue the discussion of total U.S. electricity use.B. Expand the topic of the reduction of energy and water use.C. Include the discussion of public transportation.D. Shift the focus to the topic of the environment protection.13. In terms of land use, green buildings are constructed by ____.A. making use of the developed land.B. Developing new land.C. Clearing the ground in a forest.D. Draining wild habitats.14. Why are some people NOT so enthusiastic about green buildings?A. Because they do not jump into a green building.B. Because they fail to move into a green building.C. Because they find it more costly to live in a green building.D. Because they think that solar panels still cost too much.15. What did Marty Dettling mean when she said “It’s going to be big”?A. Green buildings have a great potential.B. People expect bigger green buildings.C. Green buildings will be larger in size.D. People prefer to live in bigger buildings.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Theme-park-bound bargain seekers would be wise to spend some time surfing online before they get in line at the parks this summer.A growing number of these attractions now allow customers to print e-tickets at home with large discounts off the gate price, in part to spur attendance that has declined in recent years.After boom times in the late 1990s, theme park attendance began to decrease, with an overall decline of about 4% over the past few years at North America’s 50 most-visited establishments, says James Zoltak, editor of Amusement Business.“The bloom was off the rose as we turned the corner into 2000, so there’s more discounting now,” he says.Discounting isn’t new to an industry that has long partnered with other commercial enterprises, such as soft drink companies, to offer deals. The e-ticketing adds a new opportunity that not only brings savings but convenience as well, since it allows visitors to avoid the line at the gate.“If you can get in early before the lines fill up, you're getting more for your money,”says Robert Niles of the website Theme Park Insider.16. The word “attractions” (line 1, para. 2) refers to ___.A. theme parksB. bargainsC. e-ticketsD. discounts17. Why do more and more theme parks offer large discounts off gate price?A. To get in line at the parks this summer.B. To encourage more people to come to the parks.C. To enable people to get e-tickets at home.D. To reduce the attendance figure.18. What does the sentence “The bloom was off the rose” mean?A. the rose in the theme park was out of bloom.B. the year 2000 was lucky for the 50 establishments.C. the theme park attendance was like the rose.D. the best time for the theme parks was gone.19. What is the new opportunity e-ticketing brings to the theme parks?A. The theme park industry will be more profitable.B. Soft drink companies will be better partners of the parks.C. The tour to the parks will be more convenient.D. Visitors to the parks will have more discounts.20. The last sentence of this passage is based on the idea that ____.A. it is wise to surf online.B. discounting isn’t everything.C. e-ticketing attracts more partners.D. time is money.Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:One thing almost everyone is agreed on , including Americans, is that they place a very high valuation upon success. Success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort—preferably measurable. If a boy turns out to be a preacher(传道者) instead of a businessman, that’s all right. But the bigger his church is, the more successful he is judged to be.A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan(清教徒的) belief in the virtue of work, both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of God’s love. There was the richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement.There was the determination of an immigrant to gain in the new world what had been denied to him in the old, and on the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus(负担) by still more success and still more rise in a fluid and classless society. Brothers did not compete within the family for the favor of the parents as in Europe, but worked hard for success in the outer world, along paths of their own choosing.21. According to the first paragraph, ______.A. success is highly valued in American society.B. success surely brings material rewards.C. success equals measurable recognition.D. people agree on what success means.22. In this passage, the author indicates that _____.A. preachers are not as successful as businessmen.B. businessmen are not as successful as preachers.C. boys are advised to become preachers instead of businessmen.D. measurable success can also be achieved by preachers.23. The word “accent” (line 1, para. 2) most probably means ____.A. dialectB. emphasisC. attentionD. recognition24. Which of the following does NOT account for people’s desire for success?A. The Puritan belief in the virtue of work.B. Richness of opportunities in the new world.C. Lack of fixed social ranks and classes.D. Determination to deny the values of the new world.25. It is suggested in the last paragraph that _______ in the old world.A. children tended to compete for the favor of their parentsB. children were determined to throw off their immigrant identitiesC. children were urged to achieve success in the fluid and classless societyD. children worked hard for success along paths chosen by their parents.Questions 26-30 are based on the following two advertisements: Advertisement IAdvertisment ⅡSCONE PALACEPERTH SCOTLANDThe Home of the Earls of MansfieldSituated just outside Perth on the A93, Braemar Road2004Good Friday 25TH Apirl to Monday 5TH OctoberMonday to Saturdays 10:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.mSunday July and August from 11:00 a.mBeautiful porcelain,superb French furniture,unique Vernis Martin collection, Lvories,clocks,needlework and objects D’art.Extensive Grounds.Woodland Gardens.Adventure Playgrounds.Old Kitchen Restaurant-Home Baking-Coffee Shop-Gift Shop_produce Shop Evening tours, Meetings, ConcertsCONTACT THE ADMINISTRATORPERTH(0738)52300Admission ChargesAdult:30 pChildren: 15 p26. The two advertisements are most likely about _____________.A. real easateB. auctionC. shoppingD. tourism27. You can call (0738)52300 to ____________ .A. arrange for a special activityB. book adventure film ticketsC. ask for reduced chargesD. seek more information on Arboretum28. Both adcertisements show that _____________ .A. children enjoy half of the admission chargesB. children need not pay as much as adultsC. adults are required to pay full chargeD. old people are privileged to pay less29. Scone Palace is located _______Perth.A. inB. nearC. on the edge ofD. far away from30. You can go to the exhibition and the palace ____________ .A. every day from 10:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m all year aroundB. on Saturdays from 10:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. from May to OctoberC. on Saturdays from 11:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. from May to OctoberD. on weekdays from March 12 to October 31 in summerPart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Recruiting(招募) the right candidate to fill a vacancy can be a difficult and costly task. ___31___ the wrong person could be an expensive mistake which could cause personnel problems for the whole department. And, as every HR(Human Resource) manager knows, it is much more difficult to get rid of someone than it is to ___32___ them.The HR manager’s first decision is ___33___ to recruit internal applicants or advertise the vacancy outside the company . ___34___ applicants are easy to recruit by memo, e-mail, or newsletter. Furthermore, they are easy to assess and know the company well. ___35___, they rarely bring fresh ideas to a position. Moreover, a rejected internal candidate might become unhappy and leave the campany.Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or ___36___ an employment agency. If the company decides to advertise the vacancy directly, it has to decidewhere to place the ___37___. Traditionally this has meant newspapers and professional journals but now the Internet is also very popular. The decision normally depands on the vacancy. Companies advertise blue-collar or clerical jobs in local newspapers and management ___38___ in national papers or professional journals, ___39___ the Internet is one of the best ways of advertising IT vacancies or recruiting abroad. However, with the Internet there is risk ___40___ receiving unsuitable applications from all over the world.31. A. Finding B. Appointing C. Placing D. Searching32. A. fire B. apply C. employ D. dismiss33. A. where B. if C. which D. whether34. A. Internal B. External C. Addition D. Terminal35. A. Besides B. Whereas C. While D. However36. A. use B. to use C. used D. using37. A. advertisement B. job C. agency D. company38. A. places B. positions C. rooms D. seats39. A. while B. as C. when D. once40. A. at B. in C. over D. ofPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that most qppropriately suits theconversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. Cindy: John, where are the cookies. Don’t tell me you ate them all!John: Yes, I did. _________ .A. I couldn’t bear it.B. I couldn’t help it.C. They were too good to eatD. They were good to eat42. Secretary: Hello,_______ May I help you?Caller: Yes, this is Jack Kordell. May I speak to Elaine Strong, please.A. Who are you ?B. Ultimate Computers.C. Who is speaking?D. I’m the secretary.43. Barbara: Your help means everything. I just don’t know how I’ll ever repay you.Kenneth:_______. It’s nothing!A. It’s no big dealB. It’s not a big thing to doC. It’s worth mentioningD. It’s not worth talking about44. Speaker A: I’m so worried about this job interview.Speaker B: Don’t worry.__________ .A. Take a breakB. Just give upC. Just be yourselfD. Mind you45. Speaker A: Is there anything I can do for you ?Speaker B: _______ , there is something.A. No, nothingB. Well,now that you askC. Nothing I can think ofD. If you ask me46. Tina: Mmm….. This is the best pudding I’ve ever had!Lyle: ________ I know you’d like it.A. What did I say?B. Didn’t I tell you?C. Did I say it right?D. Is what I said right?47. Speaker A: Sorry about all the inconvenience.Speaker B: ____________ .A. OK. With great pleasureB. Don’t worry about itC. Oh, really. That’s OKD. I’m sorry to hear that48. Speaker A: Want to come over Thursday for supper?Speaker B: _______ .A. I really can’t. You’ll not mind, I thinkB. Let’s put it off till laterC. No, I don’t want toD. Thanks, but I have to work that evening49. Speaker A: We’ve made an appointment with the students. We’ll meet at 7 in the morning.Can you come on time?Speaker B: I’m afraid, __________ . It’s too early .A. I can’t make itB. I can’t do itC. I can’t get itD. I can’t achieve it50. Speaker A: I’m seventy_eight, but I never stop jogging every evening. Speaker B: You’re seventy-eight?No kidding. _________ .A. You certainly don’t look it.B. You certainly don’t look like it.C. You certainly don’t look at it.D. You certainly don’t look into it.第四部分外语运用能力测试答案1.C2.C3.C4.D5.A6.A7.D8.C9.A 10.C11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.D21.D 22.D 23.D 24.D 25.C 26.D 27.A 28.B 29.B 30.C31.B 32.C 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.D 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.D41.D 42.B 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.D 47.C 48.D 49.A 50.B。
2006年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2006年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Error Identification 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you?A．that I callB．for callingC．that I am callingD．to my calling正确答案：D解析：object to (doing) sth. 不赞成，反对做某事。
句中my是calling的逻辑主语；object that结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。
2．______ initial recognition while still quite young.A．Most famous scientists achievedB．That most famous scientists schievedC．Most famous scientists who achievedD．For most famous scientists to achieve正确答案：A解析：根据句子结构判断，空缺部分应该是句子主句部分。
while引导的是时间状语，四个选项中，只有A项是独立、完整的句子。
3．The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred ______.A．the area in which dinosaurs roamedB．when dinosaurs roamed the areaC．did dinosaurs roam the areaD．dinosaurs roaming the area正确答案：B解析：本题空缺部分应该在句中做状语，选项B符合。
2006年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1.She was a puzzle.A.girlB.womanC.problemD.mystery【答案】D【解析】句意：她是一个谜。
puzzle谜。
mystery秘密，神秘。
girl女孩。
woman妇女，女性。
problem难题；成为麻烦的人。
mystery与puzzle意思相近，故选D。
2.Her specialty is heart surgery.A.regionB.siteC.fieldD.platform【答案】C【解析】句意：她的专业是做心脏手术。
specialty专业，专长。
field领域。
region地区；范围。
site地点，位置，场所。
platform平台；月台。
field与specialty意思相近，故选C。
3.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.A.friendlyB.privateC.strongD.secret【答案】A【解析】句意：法国与其之前的非洲领土保持着密切的联系。
intimate亲密的。
friendly 友好的，亲切的。
private私人的，私有的。
strong强烈的。
secret秘密的。
friendly与intimate意思相近，故选A。
4.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.A.spreadB.mixedC.beatenD.covered【答案】B【解析】句意：你本应该将黄油与糖完全混合在一起。
blend混合。
mix使混合；混淆。
spread传播；伸展。
beat拍打，敲击。
cover覆盖。
2006北航考博英语真题及答案
2006年北京航空航天大学考博英语试题Part I Listening Comprehension(略)Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one's muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted in direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.21. Some psychologists maintain that thinking is______.A. not a mental processB. more of a physical process than a mental actionC. a process that involves your entire bodyD. a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain22. Few people are able to listen to familiar music without ______.A. moving some part of their bodyB. stopping what they are doing to listenC. directing the orchestra playing itD. wishing that they could conduct music properly23. Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to ______.A. hear the musicB. appreciate the musicC. enjoy the music fullyD. completely understand the music24. According to the selection, muscle participation in the process of thinking is ______.A. deliberateB. obviousC. not readily apparentD. very pronounced25. The best title for this selection is ______.A. An Ear for MusicB. Music AppreciationC. How Muscles Participate in Mental ActsD. A Psychological Definition of the Thinking ProcessPassage 2Laziness is a sin----everybody knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be moreharmful than that, and it is often caused by more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes panning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating-rescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was "goofing off". Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone "lazy" to build the car to stove we buy, particularly if that "laziness" were cause by the worker's taking time to check each step or his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy"----- that is, taking time off for a rest is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.26. The main idea of this passage is that ______.A. laziness is a moral sinB. there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazyC. laziness is the sign of deep-seated emotional problemsD. lazy people do more careful work27. The passage states that ______.A. laziness is a diseaseB. some people appear lazy because they are insecureC. laziness is more beneficial than harmfulD. a good definition of laziness is emotional illness28. Which of the following conclusion does the passage support? ______A. The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.B. Most of the time laziness is a virtue.C. Most assembly line workers are lazy.D. Most insecure people are lazy.29. The final paragraph is ______.a. gloomy B. humorous C. serious D. ironical30. "Goofing off" as used in paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. wasting timeB. sleepingC. workingD. chatting with friendsPassage 3The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play "Rossum's Universal Robots". (The word "robot" comes from the Czeeh word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Lang's silent masterpiece "metropolis" to the withering C-3PO in "Star Wars" and the ruthless assassin of "Terminator". Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future.But now Japan's industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed toconceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked on the stage and accepted its own plaque.At two and a half feet tall, Sony’s QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. It is falls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect wirelessly to the internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed.In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instrument’s valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan.Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the world's robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers, and window-washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid.31. In paragraph 1 the author introduces this topic by relating ______.A. the idea of humanoid robotsB. Karl Capek's creation of robotsC. Hollywood's production of robot filmsD. the origin of and popular movies about robots32. According to the author's description, Asimo ______.A. is a four-legged robotB. seems more like a human being than a machine in actionC. seems more like a machine than a human being in actionD. is in a sort of animal form33. Sony’s QRIO could perform all the following tasks EXCEPT ______.A. walking everywhere freelyB. understanding some words uttered by peopleC. finding its wayD. continuing walking after it stumbles34. From the passage we may infer that Toyota’s Partner ______.A. is much better than any other robotsB. is no more than a mechanic deviceC. may be put into mass productionD. may speak like man35. Judging from the context, this passage is probably written ______.A. in 2004B. in 2005C. between 2003~2004D. between 2004~2005Passage 4Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold bout 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, bout 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permitsorganic existence.The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and sore vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climate extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf Coast.36. A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water ______.A. expands on freezingB. is a great solventC. is like ammoniaD. has a very high heat capacity37. From this passage, we may conclude that ______.A. ocean and land masses are equalB. ocean masses are smaller than land massesC. it is difficult to get fresh water from the oceanD. none of the above is correct38. By “hydrosphere” the author means ______.A. the moisture in the airB. the part of the earth covered by waterC. the Milky WayD. the frozen waters of the earth39. Fish can survive in the oceans because ______.A. there are currents in the oceanB. ice floatsC. evaporation and condensation create a water cycleD. water absorbs heat40. “Anomaly”, as used in the second paragraph, means ______.A. state of being anonymousB. abnormalityC. characteristicD. propertyPart III Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part, there are 20 sentences with four choices below each sentence. Choose the best one from the 4 choices. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells explored with zest the future possibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern technology.A. inspirationB. enthusiasmC. fantasyD. endeavor42. Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A. conventionalB. uniqueC. genuineD. crude43. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their heads and ran into the elevator.A. pouredB. dismayed C panicked D. trembled44. The English language contains a(n) ______ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinaryconversation.A. altitudeB. latitudeC. multitudeD. attitude45. The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of people as well as the material goods it can produce.A. in line withB. in terms ofC. in regard withD. by means of46. Radar is used to extend the ______ of man's senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision.A. validityB. liabilityC. capacityD. intensity47. We are writing to the manager ______ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.A. with the exception ofB. with the purpose ofC. with reference toD. with a view to48. They made detailed investigations to ______ themselves with the needs of the rural marketA. adhereB. acknowledgeC. acquaintD. activate49. Probably there's a good reason for her absence, as she doesn't usually stay away from work.A. ConspicuouslyB. ProspectivelyC. incidentallyD. Presumably50. I was ______ in my reading, and didn't at first hear the doorbell ring.A. immuredB. immersedC. busyD. infatuated51. Ten minutes later, the police came and ______ the crowd.A. dismayedB. dispersedC. dismountedD. distressed52. There are ______ differences between theory and practice.A. legibleB. ladenC. radicalD. medieval53. Will you ______ my article to find out whether I've made any mistakes?A. look afterB. look throughC. look upD. look into54. When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means he had to keep ______ of current events in the country.A. accountB. traceC. recordD. track55. The flashing red light served as a ______ of danger ahead.A. predictorB. cautionC. precautionD. prevention56. According to the weather forecast, which is usually ______, it will snow this afternoon.A. accurateB. dullC. awkwardD. tedious57. If his father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might ______ it for him.A. redeemB. amendC. resembleD. appeal58. His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing cultural diversity of the United States.A. conflictB. refinementC. varietyD. movement59. She was artful and could always get round her parents in the end.A. playB. deceiveC. confuseD. annoy60. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.A. honestlyB. appropriatelyC. intelligiblyD. flexiblyPart IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: Decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Who won the World Cup 2004 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? (61) ______ an event takes place, newspapers are on the street (62) ______ the details whenever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to (63) ______ the news.Newspapers have one basic (64) ______, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to (65) ______ it. Radio, television, and (66) ______ inventions broughtcompetition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication (67) ______, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the (68) ______ and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are (69) ______ and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers (70) ______ of the latest news, today's newspapers (71)______ and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’ economic choices (72) ______ advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very (73) ______, Newspapers are sold at a price that (74) ______ even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main (75) ______ of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The (76)___ in selling advertising depends on newspaper's value to advertisers. This (77)_____ in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends (78) ______ on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment (79) ______ in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper’s value to readers as a source of information (80) ______ the community, city, county, nation and world ---- and even outer space.61. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Before62. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given63. A. gather B. spread C. carry D. bring64. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose65. A. make B. publish C. know D. write66. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other67. A. However B. And C. Therefore D. So68. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed69. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed70. A. inform B. be informed C. to be informed D. informed71. A. entertain B. encourage C. educate D. edit72. A. on B. through C. with D. of73. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose74. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in75. A. source B. origin C. course D. finance76. A. way B. means C. chance D. success77. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured78. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something79. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered80. A. by B. with C. at D. aboutPart V Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Writing the translation on the ANSWER SHEET (2).Artificial intelligence and virtual reality are tow computer-related technologies that may cast large shadow on education. Much of school planning may be done not by human agents but by programs created by human agents; and much of what was once accomplished by textbooks and occasional field trips will now be performed in virtual reality. One can ask: what is the truth value of the materials prepared entirely by non-human entities?In a turnabout from previous trends, the acquisition of credentials may become less important. Individuals will be able to educate themselves (largely if not wholly) and to exhibit their mastery in a simulated setting. Why pay $120,000 to go to law school, if one can "read law" as in early times and then demonstrate one's legal skills via computer simulation? Or learn to fly a plane by similar means, for that matter?Technology has revolutionized the world in which schools operate. Now it's time for education to catch upto change.Part VI Writing (15points)Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words on the following topic on the ANSWER SHEET (2).Space Research2006年参考答案21-25 DACCC26-30 BBACA31-35 DBACB36-40 CCBCB41-45 BDCBD46-50 DCCDB51-55 BCDDB56-60 AACBC61-65 CBADC66-70 BADCD71-75 CBBCA76-80 DCABDPart V Translation人工智能和虚拟现实是两种与电脑有关的技术，他们可能对教育产生重大影响。
考博复习中科院考博2006年英语试题
助力考博复习真题及解析中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试中国科学院研究生2006院博士研究生入学考试SAMPLE TESTTHE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESPAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors.A. postB. statusC. positionD. place2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research.A. legibleB. legitimateC. legislativeD. illicit3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.A. endB. handC. coreD. best4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.A. impededB. impartedC. imploredD. implemented5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.A. spell outB. call uponC. fall overD. resort to6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.A. grosslyB. severelyC. rapidlyD. drastically7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.A. elitismB. eloquenceC. eminenceD. etiquette8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.A. alteredB. criticizedC. incorporatedD. translated9. Nobody will ever know the agony I go __________ waiting for him to come home.A. overB. withC. downD. through10. While a country’s economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more ____________ about their quality of life.A. discriminatingB. distributingC. disagreeingD. disclosing11. Cheated by two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to____________ them.A. find fault withB. make the most ofC. look down uponD. get even with12. The Minister’s _________ answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.A. impressiveB. evasiveC. intensiveD. exhaustive13. In proportion as the ____________ between classes within the nation disappears the hostility of one nation to another will come to an end.A. intoleranceB. pessimismC. injusticeD. antagonism14. Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher can’t __________ on a fourth-grade teacher having taught certain things.A. countB. insistC. fallD. dwell15. When the fire broke out in the building, the people lost their__________ and ran into the elevator.A. heartsB. tempersC. headsD. senses16. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ___________ every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy ofB. in lieu ofC. by courtesy ofD. for the price of17. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the _________ Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical18. He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk ____________.A. honestlyB. graciouslyC. coherentlyD. flexibly19. The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its _____________ life, but by its immeasurable difference from life.A. significance inB. imagination atC. resemblance toD. predominance over20. She was artful and could always ____________ her parents in the end.A. shout downB. get roundC. comply withD. pass overPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations. 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income internationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26 resources.It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists,and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in fact pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would literally consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not add to the atmospheric heat burden—for example, the use of solar energy—can be utilized. (1996)21. A. one B. it C. this D. there22. A. achieved B. succeeded C. produced D. executed23. A. Transfers B. Transactions C. Transports D. Transcripts24. A. extent B. scale C. measure D. range25. A. outgrowth B. outcrop C. output D. outcome26. A. needed B. needy C. needless D. needing27. A. possible B. possibly C. probable D. probably28. A. in B. with C. as D. to29. A. least B. late C. latest D. last30. A. race B. pace C. face D. lace31. A. on B. up C. down D. out32. A. less B. fewer C. many D. little33. A. rather B. hardly C. then D. yet34. A. line B. move C. drive D. track35. A. if B. or C. while D. asPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The writing of a historical synthesis involves integrating the materialsavailable to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event.A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event can be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familiar to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor will not have a greater relative value in the historian’s handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective.The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these similar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the political, social, psychological,etc., factors within a common base.As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthesis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.36. The author would mostly be concerned with _____________.A. finding the most important cause for a particular historicaleventB. determining when hypotheses need to be reinterpretedC. imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical eventD. attributing many conditions that together lead to a particular historical event or to single motive37. The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be ____________.A. to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an eventB. analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the eventC. determining the common strands that make up a historicaleventD. interpreting historical factors to determine if one factor will have relatively greater value38. The best definition for the term “historical synthesis” would be______________.A. combining elements of different material into a unified wholeB. a tentative theory set forth as an explanation for an eventC. the direct opposite of the original interpretation of an eventD. interpreting historical material to prove that history repeats itself39. A historian seeks to reconstruct the “spirit” of a time period because ____________.A. the events in history are more important than the people who make historyB. existing hypotheses are adequate in explaining historical eventsC. this is the best method to determine the single most important cause for a particular actionD. varying factors can be assimilated within a common base40. Which of the following statements would the author consider false?A. One factor in a historical synthesis will not have a greater value than other factors.B. It is possible to analyze common unifying points in hypotheses.C. Historical events should be studied as part of a continuum in history.D. A synthesis seeks to determine why an outcome took the direction it did.Passage 2When you call the police, the police dispatcher has to locate the car nearest you that is free to respond. This means the dispatcher has to keep track of the status and location of every police car—not an easy task for a large department.Another problem, which arises when cars are assigned to regular patrols, is that the patrols may be too regular. If criminals find out that police cars will pass a particular location at regular intervals, they simply plan their crimes for times when no patrol is expected. Therefore, patrol cars should pass by any particular location at random times; the fact that a car just passed should be no guarantee that another one is not just around the corner. Yet simply ordering the officers to patrol at random would lead to chaos.A computer dispatching system can solve both these problems. The computer has no trouble keeping track of the status and location of each car. With this information, it can determine instantly which car should respond to an incoming call. And with the aid of a pseudorandom number generator, the computer can assign routine patrols so that criminals can’t predict just when a police car will pass through a particular area.(Before computers, police sometimes used roulette wheels and similar devices to make random assignments.)Computers also can relieve police officers from constantly having to report their status. The police car would contain a special automatic radio transmitter and receiver. The officer would set a dial on this unit indicating the current status of the car—patrolling, directing traffic, chasing a speeder, answering a call, out to lunch, and so on. When necessary, thecomputer at headquarters could poll the car for its status. The voice radio channels would not be clogged with cars constantly reporting what they were doing. A computer in the car automatically could determine the location of the car, perhaps using the LORAN method. The location of the car also would be sent automatically to the headquarters computer.41. The best title for this passage should be ___________.A. Computers and CrimesB. Patrol Car DispatchingC. The Powerful ComputersD. The Police with Modern Equipment42. A police dispatcher is NOT supposed to _____________.A. locate every patrol carB. guarantee cars on regular patrolsC. keep in touch with each police carD. find out which car should respond to the incoming call43. If the patrols are too regular, _____________.A. the dispatchers will be bored with itB. the officers may become carelessC. the criminals may take advantage of itD. the streets will be in a state of chaos44. The computer dispatching system is particularly good at______________.A. assigning cars to regular patrolsB. responding to the incoming callsC. ordering officers to report their locationD. making routine patrols unpredictable45. According to the account in the last paragraph, how can a patrol car be located without computers?A. Police officers report their status constantly.B. The headquarters poll the car for its status.C. A radio transmitter and receiver is installed in a car.D. A dial in the car indicates its current status.Passage 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell astory than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulse. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think,well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. Iftheir case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.46. According to the author, the best way to retell a story to a child is to ______________.A. tell it in a creative wayB. take from it what the child likesC. add to it whatever at handD. read it out of the story book.47. In the second paragraph, which statement best expresses the author’s attitude towards fairy stories?A. He sees in them the worst of human nature.B. He dislikes everything about them.C. He regards them as more of a benefit than harms.D. He is expectant of the experimental results.48. According to the author, fairy stories are most likely to ____________.A. make children aggressive the whole lifeB. incite destructiveness in childrenC. function as a safety valve for childrenD. add children’s enjoyment of cruelty to others49. If the child has heard some horror story for more than once, according to the author, he would probably be______________.A. scared to deathB. taking it and even enjoying itC. suffering more the pain of fearD. dangerously terrified50. The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to emphasize that ___________.A. old fairy stories keep updating themselves to cater for modern needsB. fairy stories have claimed many lives of victimsC. fairy stories have thrown our world into chaosD. fairy stories are after all fairy storiesPassage 4There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the community’s responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her.The fact is, in New York State the system couldn’t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel.Why does the state permit violence against children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod.Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful.Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control.” More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force.Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents’ conduct.More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.51. The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a childfrom violent parents of ____________.A. a family on welfareB. a poor uneducated familyC. an educated black familyD. a middle-class white family52. “Sparing the rod” (in boldface) means ____________.A. spoiling childrenB. punishing childrenC. not caring about childrenD. not beating children53. Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is _____________.A. taken as illegal in the New York StateB. considered being in the teacher’s provinceC. officially approved by lawD. disapproved by school teachers54. From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably thevictim of ____________.A. teachers’ corporal punishmentB. misjudgment of the courtC. parents’ ill-treatmentD. street violence55. The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long run _____________.A. prevent violence of adultsB. save more childrenC. protect children from ill-treatmentD. better the systemPassage 5With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel.The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of university scholars, literary economists, scientists or evenpoets. Disastrous deaths may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate acquaintances. A story set in a more remote African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably true background. The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of “significant” novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from real life nagging gently, we secretly take delight in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two brokenribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler, He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with anear-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.56. The crime novel is regarded by the author as _________________.A. a not respectable form of the traditional novelB. not a true novel at allC. related in some ways to the historical novelD. a distinct branch of the traditional novel57. The creation of detective stories has its origin in _______________.A. seeking rest from work or worriesB. solving mysterious deaths in this societyC. restoring expectations in polite societyD. preventing crimes58. The characters of the detective stories are, generally speaking,_____________.A. more profound than those of the traditional novelsB. as real as life itselfC. not like human beings at allD. not very profound but not unlikely59. The setting of the detective stories is sometimes in a more remote place because ___________.A. it is more realB. our friends are familiar with itC. it pleases the readers in a wayD. it needs the readers’ support60. The writer of this passage thinks _____________.A. what people hope for from life can finally be granted if they have confidenceB. people like to feel that justice and goodness will always triumphC. they know in the real world good does not prevail over evilD. their hopes in life can only be fulfilled through fiction readingPassage 6Whenever we are involved in a creative type of activity that isself-rewarding, a feeling overcomes us—a feeling that we can call “flow.” When we are flowing we lose all sense of time and awareness of what is happening around us; instead, we feel that everything is going just right.A rock dancer describes his feeling of flow like this: “If I have enough space, I feel I can radiate an energy into the atmosphere. I can dance for walls, I dance for floors. I become one with the atmosphere.” “You are in an ecstatic state to such a point that you don’t exist,” says a composer, describing how he feels when he “flows.” Players of any sport throughout the world are familiar with the feeling of flow; they enjoy their activity very much, even though they can expect little extrinsic reward. The same holds true for surgeons, cave explorers, and mountain climbers.Flow provides a sort of physical sensation along with an altered state of being. One man put it this way: “Your body feels good and awake all over. Your energy is flowing.” People who flow feel part of this energy; that is,they are so involved in what they are doing that they do not think of themselves as being separate from their activity. They are flowing along with their enjoyment. Moreover, they concentrate intensely on their activity. They do not try to concentrate harder, however; the concentration comes automatically. A chess player compares this concentration to breathing. As they concentrate, these people feel immersed in the action, lost in the action. Their sense of time is altered and they skip meals and sleep without noticing their loss. Sizes and spaces also seem altered: successful baseball players see and hit the ball so much better because it seems larger to them. They can even distinguish the seams on a ball approaching them at 165 kilometers per hour.It seems then that flow is a “floating action” in which the individual is aware of his actions but not aware of his awareness. A good reader is so absorbed in his book that he knows he is turning the pages to go on reading, but he does not notice he is turning these pages. The moment people think about it, flow is destroyed, so they never ask themselves questions such as “Am I doing well?” or “Did everyone see my jump?”Finally, to flow successfully depends a great deal on the activity itself; not too difficult to produce anxiety, not too easy to bring about boredom; challenging, interesting, fun. Some good examples of flow activities are games and sports, reading, learning, working on what you enjoy, and。
中国科学院2006年英语考博真题及详解
(总分100, 考试时间90分钟) Part Ⅰ Vocabulary Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Mac hine-scoring Answer Sheet.该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5答案:D 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5答案:A 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5答案:D 该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 0.5答案:C 中国科学院真题2006年The problem is that most local authorities lack the ______ to deal sensibly in this market.1. A anticipation n m l kj B perception n m l k j C prospect n m l k j D expertise n m l kj anticipation 预期，预料；perception 理解，感觉，领悟；prospect 景色，前景，前途；expertise 专家的意见，专门技术。
在和句子中to deal sensibly(聪明地，明智地)in this market 的搭配上，只有expertise 符合。
Awards provide a(n) ______ for young people to improve their skills.2. A incentive n m l kj B initiative n m l k j C fugitive n m l k j D captive n m l kj incentive 刺激，诱因，动机；initiative 主动，首创精神，进取心，如：take theinitiative(采取主动)；fugitive 逃亡者；captive 指“俘虏”。
2006年同等学力英语真题及详解_by_tigeress
Paper One试卷一（90 minutes）Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication（10minutes，10 points）Section A Dialogue CompletionDirection：In this section，you will read five short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. A：Sorry to bother you，but could you tell me the way to Sunset Road？B：A. Sorry，I couldn’t help.B. Yes，what can I do for you？C. I’m afraid I have no idea.D. It’s not too far from here，is it？2. A：Do you do exercises every day？B：A. No，it depends on what kind of exercise.B. No，I go to health club most of the time.C. Yes，usually every other day.D. Yes，rain or shine.3. A：That was a delicious meal，Mrs. Barr. Thank you very much.B：A. You’re welcome.B. Never mind.C. It doesn’t matter.D. It’s just OK.4. A：I have a last favor to ask of you. Could you drive my daughter to the airport？B：A. Shall I get the ticket for her.B. Yeah，I like that.C. You bet I will.D. Sure， it’d be a pleasure.5. A：May I see the dentist now？B：A. Is it a real emergency？B. Do you have an appointment？C. In that case，you’ll have to wait.D. I’ll talk to the dentist and squeeze you in.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirection：In this section，you will read five short conversations between a man and a woman，At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. Man：I’m going to ask the neighbors to turn the music down. I can’t hear myself think.Woman：Do you really think it makes my difference to them？Question：What does the woman mean？A. He should have told them earlier.B. It is of no use to turn the music down.C. The neighbors will not listen to him.D. He should focus on his own thinking.7. Man：What shall we take for the rap？Woman：We’d better take the bare necessities.Question：What does the woman suggest？A. They should take as little as possible.B. They should take their daily necessities.C. They should take as much as they can.D. They should take nothing with them.8. Woman：We are going to go away on vacation ... Can you hear me？Man：I’m all ears.Question：What does the man mean？A. He is listening attentively.B. He couldn’t care less.C. He likes the woman’s idea.D. He is against the woman’s plan.9. Woman：I’m really behind with my project. Can you help me？Man：I’m afraid you bit off more than you could chew！Question：What does the man mean？A. He is not willing to help the woman.B. The woman is unable to do the project.C. The woman is doing more than she can manage.D. He is not in a position to help the woman.10. Woman：There’s Bill on his motorcycle again. Did he get it fixed in the garage？Man：Don’t be silly. That would have been a waste of money. It only had a flat tire.Question：What does the man imply？A. The woman was so silly as to waste much money.B. It was costly to have the motorcycle fixed in the garage.C. Bill must have repaired my motorcycle himself.D. There was a serious problem with the motorcycle.Part Ⅱ Vocabulary（10 minutes，10 points）Section ADirection：In this section there are ten sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. Readers are required to abide by the rules of the library and mind their manners.A. observeB. memorizeC. reviewD. compose12. The coach explained the regulations at length to make sure that none of his players would become violators.A. at lastB. at largeC. in detailD. in short13. The cost of healthcare and health insurance remains the most urgent health problem facing the country today.A. pressingB. importantC. neglectedD. complicated14. She believes that she is not a good mother because she does not fit the stereotype of a woman who spends all her time with her children.A. popular imageB. common standardC. fixed conceptionD. pleasant notion15. Thus the most logical approach is to focus our analysis on the trade relations of Spain with other European countries.A. reasoningB. conclusionC. positionD. method16. We no longer keep up the close friendship of a few years ago though we still visit each other on occasion.A. in good timeB. up to dateC. now and thenD. once and for all17. The university offered several more courses for the purpose of furthering the career aspirations of its students.A. ambitionsB. achievementsC. advantagesD. advances18. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.A. enforceB. magnifyC. improveD. polish19. The leaders of the two countries are planning their summit meeting with a pledge to maintain and develop good ties.A. strategyB. standpointC. promiseD. priority20. Many youngsters have heard their parents say，“You’ll never amount to anything if you keep daydreaming that way！”A. be equal toB. accomplishC. add up toD. pursue Section B21. Two decades ago a woman who shook hands with men on her own _____ was usually viewed as too forward.A. endeavorB. initiativeC. motivationD. preference22. The fruit_____ more than half the country’s annual exports according to a recent report.A. accounts forB. stands forC. provides forD. makes for23. The violent_____ f his youth reappeared and was directed not only at the army but at his wife as well.A. impatienceB. characterC. temperD. quality24. This hypothesis states that environments that are too clean may actually make the_____ system develop oversensitive responses.A. mentalB. nervousC. immuneD. physical25. The Adult Vocational College is an opportunity to gain the right qualifications for various careers for it offers an_____ range of subjects and courses.A. additionalB. excessiveC. adequateD. extensive26. It’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected _____ not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.A. by accidentB. on scheduleC. in generalD. at intervals27. You can always_____ Jim in a crisis，for he is simply the most helpful person I’ve ever known.A. refer toB. count onC. cope withD. run into28. He wanted to stay at home，but at last he agreed，very_____，though，to go to the concert.A. decisivelyB. reluctantlyC. willinglyD. deliberately29. The audience，hostile at first，were greatly_____ by her excellent performance.A. annoyedB. encouragedC. impressedD. depressed30. Many birds and insects can build_____ nests to provide shelter for their young.A. gloriesB. elaborateC. splendidD. advancedPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension（45minutes，25points）Directions：There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneAt all ages and at all stages of life，fear presents a problem to almost everyone.“We are largely the playthings of our fears，”wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago.“To one，fear of the dark；to another，of physical pain；to a third，of public ridicule；to a fourth，of poverty；to a fifth，of loneliness —for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.”Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened，many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken；your pupils expand to admit more light；large quantities of energy-producing adrenalin（肾上腺素）are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident，fear can fuel life-saving flight（逃离）. Similarly，when a danger is psychological rather than physical，fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that，from the moment of their births，a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth，he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further，psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill，for example，grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model，Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problems.Phil’s dad，however，spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change，he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because“the car might break down.”Growing up in such a home，Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.31. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1，“our particular creature”refers to .A. fear of somethingB. a fierce beastC. physical painD. public ridicule32. Fear can be useful emotion to us because it can .A. stimulate many physical changes within our bodyB. quicken our heartbeat and responsesC. pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD. help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves33. Fear becomes a problem only when .A. the danger is thought greater than it really isB. the danger is more psychological than physicalC. one cannot stand the dangerD. one is not well prepared for it34. Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that .A. some people are inherently more easily affected by dangerB. people’s response to stimuli is not an inherited featureC. some people seem to be very sensitive to noiseD. people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise35. Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely byour .A. home educationB. school educationC. parents’ lifestyleD. early experiencesPassage TwoSea horses are unusual parents. The female sea horses lay the eggs，but unlike other creatures，it’s the males that give birth to the young.Male sea horse have a fold of skin on their bellies that forms a pocket，called a brood pouch. During the breeding season，the sea horse’s pouch swells to receive eggs. A female sea horse lays up to 200 eggs at a time in the pouch. Then she swims off，leaving her male partner to care for the developing eggs and give birth to young sea horses. The female will return every day to check on her mate and the eggs，but she doesn’t stay long，nor does she take part in the birth.It takes from two to six weeks for the eggs in the male’s pouch to develop. During this time the male avoids open water and hides in sea grass. His big pouch makes it difficult for him to swim，so the male often uses his tail to grasp a piece of sea grass. Firmly，gripping the grass，he will stay perfectly still for hours or even days. The male sea horse will change his color to blend with his surroundings and avoid being seen by predators who will try to eat him or poke holes in his pouch to get the eggs.The eggs hatch inside the male’s pouch. When the babies begin moving around，the male sea horse knows it’s time for them to be born. He grabs a sea grass stem with his tail and begins rocking，bending，and stretching his body back and forth． This causes the opening to enlarge until it is wide enough for the first baby sea horse to shoot out. The father sea horse continues rocking，bending，and stretching his body so that the rest of the babies can be born. Sometimes he has to press his pouch against a rock or some stiff seaweed to force the young out. Sea horse babies are born in groups of five or more. Sometimes it takes two days for the father sea horse to give birth to all his young. He is very tired when it’s over.Soon after giving birth to one brood，the male will approach his mate and show her his empty pouch. This tells her he is ready to receive eggs again.36. What part does the female sea horse play in having babies？A. Receiving eggs. B. Laying eggs.C. Hatching eggs.D. Protecting eggs.37. What can be learned from the passage about giving birth to baby sea horses？A. It is dangerous for the female.B. It happens once a year.C. It is hard work for the male.D. It occurs in the deep sea.38. To protect himself and his eggs，the male sea horse does all the following EXCEPT .A. changing his colorB. gripping a piece of grassC. staying motionlessD. enlarging his pouch39. The author suggests when sea horse babies are ready to be born .A. the male sea horse seems very happyB. it is difficult for them to come outC. the female sea horse joins the maleD. they need large space in the pouch40. Which fact does the author want the reader to remember most？A. The male sea horse gives birth to the young.B. The female sea horse lays up to 200 eggs at a time.C. Baby sea horse are born in groups of five or more.D. The female will return every day to check on the eggs.Passage ThreeWhen 23-year-old Eric Atienza graduated from college last year，he didn’t have a job. Not wanting to give up his apartment and move back with his parents，he did what many young Americans are doing：he signed up with a temp agency，which places workers on short-term jobs. Temporary workers such as Atienza comprise 20 percent of the US workforce. In 1985，417000 workers were classified as temporary help. In 2005，there are more than 2.5 million，according to Labour Department data. Using temporary workers allows companies to increase or decrease the number of staff as their workloads change. It also allows companies to avoid the costs involved in hiring and firing long-term employees.Many temp agency owners and career specialists say temping is a good way for recent graduates to get experience.“Short-term jobs let graduates try out different companies to find the best fit，”said Pegi Wheatley，owner of McCall Staffing，a San Francisco temp agency.But things don’t always work out that way.“When I started temping，I had this notion that a temporary job could turn full-time. It worked for a friend of mine，but that didn’t happen for me，”said Atienza，who quickly became bored with his office work. Atienza stayed with the temp agency because he could earn US $ 10 an hour doing office work. Other short-term jobs，such as working as a store clerk or in a café，pay about US $ 7.But there were trade-offs for the higher pay. Because in the US，health insurance is provided through employer，most temps are not eligible for workplace health benefits. Atienza ran the risk that an accident or illness would land him in the hospital with no way to pay the bill. Other drawbacks，though less serious，still mean that temping for most graduates is exactly what its name implies—a temporary choice. Instability，gaps between contracts，lack of vacation time and isolation from other employees are often-cited negatives.“Temping gave me the time to figure out what I wanted to do，because I could pay off my bills. But none of that came from the jobs themselves，”said Atienza，who quit temping last month in favor of a full-time job.41. Atienza took a short-term job mainly because .A. he didn’t want to give up his apartmentB. he liked to try out different companiesC. he wanted to get more experienceD. he couldn’t find a long-term job42. According to the passage，in the year of 2005，the United States had a workforce of more than .A. 25 millionB. 12.5 millionC. 4.17 millionD. 2.5 million43. Which is NOT mentioned as an advantage of temping？A. It gives recent graduates experience.B. It enables employers to adjust their workforce.C. A temporary job will turn full-time.D. Employers can reduce their costs.44. Atinenza stayed with the temp agency for some time because______.A. he liked his office workB. he was satisfied with the payC. his employer provided health insuranceD. he hated gaps between contracts 45. What does the word“trade-offs”in Paragraph five mean？A. BenefitsB. CompromisesC. RisksD. Disadvantages Passage FourScientists are hoping to eliminate malaria（疟疾）by developing a genetically modified mosquito that cannot transmit the disease. Malaria has long troubled the populations of South America，Africa，and Asia，where mosquito bites infect up to 500 million people a year with this serious and sometimes fatal parasitic blood disease. For generations，scientists have been trying to eliminate malaria by developing new drugs and using pesticide（杀虫剂）to wipe out local mosquito populations. But these measures aren’t working—and some scientists，like Greg Lanzaro，say that because of drug resistance and population changes，malaria is actually more prevalent now than it was 20 years ago. Lanzaro says he has a better way to stop the spread of malaria：genetically modifying mosquitoes so they are unable to carry the disease.Lanzaro and his colleagues are planning a multi-year project to produce malaria-resistant mosquitoes—and he thinks they can do it within five years.“We can get foreign genes into mosquitoes and they go where they’re supposed to go，”Lanzaro says，pointing out that scientists have already succeeded in genetically engineering mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria to birds and mice. And，he says，scientists are quickly making progress on genes that block transmission of the disease to humans as well.The most difficult part scientifically，Lanzaro says，is figuring out how to get the lab-engineered mosquitoes to spread their genes into natural populations after all，he points out，it’s useless to engineer mosquitoes in the lab that can’t transmit malaria when there are millions out in the wild that can. To solve this problem，Lanzaro wants to load up a mobile piece of DNA with the malaria-resistant gene，and then insert it into a group of mosquito embryos. The malaria-resistant gene would be integrated directly into the mosquitoes’ DNA，making it impossible for those mosquitoes to transmit the parasite that causes malaria. In this way a small group of lab-raised mosquitoes could be released into the wild，and by interbreeding with wild mosquitoes，eventually transmit the beneficial gene to the entire population.46. One reason for malaria to be more widespread now is that .A. more people have moved to malaria-infected areasB. mosquitoes have become resistant to pesticidesC. genetically modified mosquitoes still transmit the diseaseD. mosquitoes bite as many as 500 million people a year47. Lanzaro is hopeful that in a few year man can .A. start to eliminate malariaB. cure parasitic blood diseasesC. prevent mice form transmitting parasitesD. acquire immunity against malaria48. Lanzaro is confident that scientists can block the transmissions of malaria to humans because .A. natural mosquito populations do not changeB. scientists have succeeded with birds and miceC. foreign genes always go where they are requiredD. lab-raised mosquitoes will not be resistant to drugs49. What is the most difficult part of Lanzaro’s project？A. Spreading malaria-resistant genes into natural mosquito populations.B. Raising malaria-resistant mosquitoes.C. Making genes that block the transmission of malaria.D. Identifying malaria-resistant genes.50. According to the passage，a fundamental way to wipe out malaria is to .A. develop new malaria-resistant drugsB. produce effective pesticides to kill mosquitoesC. change the genetic makeup of mosquitoesD. remove people from malaria-infected areasPassage FiveAccording to Scott Adams，creator of the comic strip（系列漫画）Dilbert，the annual performance review is“one of the most frightening and weakening experiences in every employee’s life. Adam’s stories and comic figures poke fun at the workplace，but his characterization of people’s feelings about the annual performance review has its serious side. Although a recent study of 437 companies indicates that effective annual performance reviews can help raise profits，most employees of those companies hate them. In theory，annual performance reviews are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain maximum performance and strengthen the organization. In reality，they often create division，undermine morale，and spark anger and jealousy. Thus，although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance，it often has the opposite result.A programmer at an IT firm was stunned to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion because she wasn’t a“team player”. What were the data used to make this judgment？She didn’t smile in the company photo. Although this story might sound as if it came straight out of Dilbert，it is a true account of one woman’s experience. By following a few ideas and guidelines from industry analysis，this kind of ordeal can be avoided：To end the year with a positive and useful performance review，managers and employees must start the year by working together to establish clear goals and expectations. It may be helpful to allow employees to propose a list of people associated with the company who will be in a good position to assess their performance at the end of the year；these people may be co-workers，suppliers，or even customers. Goals should be measurable but flexible，and everyone should sign off on the plan. By checking employees’ progress at about nine months，managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide guidance to those who need it before the year is out.When conducting the review，managers should highlight strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities，avoiding punishment or blame.In short，when employees leave their performance reviews，they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead，not worrying about what went into their files about the past.51. In his comic strip Dilbert，Scott Adams .A. make fun of working peopleB. tells a story about as woman employeeC. promote team spirit among co-workersD. mocks annual performance reviews52. All the following are mentioned as the drawbacks of annual performance reviews EXCEPTA. reducing efficiencyB. creating tensionC. undermining moraleD. inducing anger53. The word“ordeal”Paragraph 3 probably refers to .A. likelihood of promotionB. depressive experienceC. poor performanceD. unrealistic expectation54. The annual performance reviews，to be effective，must focus on .A. making employees aware of their company’s future goalsB. involving employees in assessing their own performanceC. encouraging employees to achieve better future performanceD. highlighting what responsibilities employees have failed in55. The general attitude of the author toward Adam’s comic strip Dilbert is...A. negativeB. positiveC. neutralD. unclearPart Ⅳ Cloze Test（15 minutes，15 points）Directions：In this part，there is a passage with fifteen blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to 56 others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can 57 .But in the 19th century，the mass production of goods 58 the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that 59 the development of the railway and highway made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive. At the same time，mass communication，firstnewspapers and magazines，then radio and television，made mass selling through 60 possible.The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best 61 to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action 62 be to purchase a product，use a service，vote for a political candidate，or even to join the Army.Advertising as a 63 developed first and most rapidly in the United States，the country that uses it to the greatest 64 . In 1980 advertising expendituresin the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars or 65 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product 66 advertising.67 advertising brings the economics of mass selling to the manufacturer，it produces benefits for the consumer 68 . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far 69 than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally，advertising 70 for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazine and newspapers.56. A. request B. oblige C. affect D. persuade57. A. transfer B. secure C. enjoy D. perform58. A. resulting from B. dealing with C. leading to D. going for59. A. followed B. preceded C. achieved D. induced60. A. marketing B. advertising C. salespeople D. agents61. A. profits B. benefits C. interests D. gains62. A. should B. would C. may D. will63. A. business B. service C. product D. profession64. A. amount B. extent C. possibility D. utility65. A similarly B. supposedly C. approximately D. accountably66. A. with B. at C. into D. on67. A. While B. Therefore C. But D. If68. A. as well B. as usual C. as a result D. as a rule69. A. more B. less C. cheaper D. dearer70. A. works B. calls C. looks D. paysPart Ⅴ Error Detection（10 minutes，5 points）Directions：In this section，there are ten sentences. Each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.71. During the dinner we had agreeable conversation—nothing extraordinary—but catching up on recent events of each other’s life.72. Because of the injured people laying on the ground below the window，fire fighterswere unable to place ground ladders up to the windows on the northeast side of the building.73. You’d better hurry up if you want to buy something because there’s hardly nothing left.74. A professional wine taste relies on sight，smell and tasting to determine the quality of a wine.75. Sam used to live in Oklahoma，but his company had him transfer to a better position in Georgia.76. Not too many years ago，it was an excited experience to travel 25 or 50 miles away from home.77. It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health，wealth，and happiness to elements with whom very names the general public are unfamiliar.78. China has established three nature reserves to protect the rare species，coveringa total of more than 600000 sq km，an area 40 times of the size of Beijing.79. It aims to establish a minimum list of standards that ought to include in all codes of conduct covering labor practices.80. I saw that the last update was made in January of 2002，so I wondered that the webmaster had abandoned the site.Paper Two试卷二（60 minutes）Part Ⅰ Translation（30 minutes，20 points）Section ADirections：Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation；it also involves care of plants，not only as a source of food，but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their young safely. Just as crops are harvested，wildlife too must sometimes be“harvested”. By allowing limited hunting，good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat. Section BDirections：Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.随着社会的发展，人类对水的需求不断增加，但可供人类使用的水资源却急剧减少。
2006年考研英语真题(含答案解析)[1]
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2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET (10 points)The homeless makeup a growing percentage of America" s population. 大1 家homelessness has reached such proportions that local governmentscan' t possibly 大2家.To help homeless people 大3家independence,the federal government must support job training programs, 大4家the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.大5家everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless.Estimates 大6家anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 大7家the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 大8家.Oneof the federal government' s studies 大9家thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 大10家this growing homeless population has becomeincreasingly difficult. 大11家when homeless individuals manage tofind a 大12家that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleepat night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 大13家the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 大14家not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday 大15家skills needed to turn their lives大16家.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only whenthere are 大17家programs that address the manyneedsof the homeless. 大18家Edward Zlotkowski, director of communityservice at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 大19家it, “There has to be 大20家of programs. What ' s needed is a package deal. ”1.[A] Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore2.[A] stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain3.[A] in[B]for[C]with[D]toward4.[A] raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep5.[A] generally[B]almost[C]hardly[D]not6.[A] cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ7.[A] Now that[B]Although[C]Provided[D]Except that8.[A] inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[D]extending9.[A] predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers10.[A] assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss11.[A] Hence[B]But[C]Even[D]Only12.[A] lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house13.[A] searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering14.[A] when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas15.[A] life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance16.[A] around[B]over[C]on[D]up17.[A] complex[B]comprehensive第3页共18页[C]complementary[D]compensating18.[A] So[B]Since[C]As[D]Thus19.[A] puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes20.[A] supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWESRHEET1 . (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference, “ American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing pe ople. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference " characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “ a culture of consumption " launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, " these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. " The mass media,advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today ' s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, homeownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题common countries of origin spoke English ' well 'or 'very well ' after ten years of residence. " The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families. ”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard " for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “ have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks. " By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brook s, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation ' s assimilative power. ”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America ' s turbulent past, today ' s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _________________ .[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public ’ s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.第5页共18页25.In the author ’ s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is .[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’ s Cottage, Shakespeare ' sbirthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It ' s all deliciouslyironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don ' t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town ' s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don ' t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the BanquoBanqueting Room,and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can ' t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Companyneeds a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they ' ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford ' s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they comefrom all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that.2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC s contribution to the town' s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______________ .[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “ Stratford cries poor traditionally ” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the authorimplies that ___________________________ .[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because.[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________________ .[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk ’ s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature , the biomass of第7页共18页large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In somelong-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today' s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Wormargue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future managementefforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline. " The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comeswhenthe biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that .[A]large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm ' s paper that.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D]the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that .[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________________ .[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries ’ .[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest maybe this: artists ’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’ t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth ’ s daffodils to Baudelaire ’ s flowers of evil.You could argue that art becamemore skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so muchmisery. But it ’ s not as if earlier times didn ’ t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets--they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate! ”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potentialfor loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, weneed art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that youwill die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It ' s a messageeven more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that.第9页共18页[A]poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B]art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C]poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D]artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word “ bummer (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something.[A]religious[B]unpleasant[C]entertaining[D]commercial38.In the author ' s opinion, advertising.[A]emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B]is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C]replaces the church as a major source of information[D]creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes .[A]happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B]the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C]misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D]the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A]Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B]Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C]People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, somesentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into eachof the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (110points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user ’ s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) _________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in twodays. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams ’ s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of W川iams ' s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of W川iams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions ” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to presentmedical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42).The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it. " Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams ' s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “ h elplessly addicted to gambling, ”intentionally worked to “lure ” him to “engage in conduct against hiswill. " Well.(43).The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says " pathological gambling" involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44). Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45).Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to --revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers ' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweekreported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtualcasinos every week. With $3.5 billion being loston Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino ' s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense washis will operative?第11页共18[C]By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he wouldquit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a commorfeature of American life forever, but for a long time it wasbroadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Nowit is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E]David Williams ' s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don' t bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, oftendefining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. [G]The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive tocompulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 00 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has electedas his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a ______________________ Socratic (苏格拉底)way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seemsappropriate in the light of the factual and moral informationwhich he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of ___________________________________________________________________________ rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted,2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them makelittle or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and 川ustrious thoughts, " as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51.DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming ”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1.describe the photos briefly,2.interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3.give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 220 points)第13页共18有两幅图片，图1把崇拜写在脸上；图2花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
南京航空航天大学成考学位英语考试题
南京航空航天大学成考学位英语考试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30 minutes,30 points)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single bar through the center of the letter that indicates your choice.1、Villages have been built in______used to be part of a rainy forest.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.whether2、This performance at the concert______her as a singer of exceptional ability.A.foundedB.establishedC.createdD.erected3、The girl hurried back home,______find the door already locked.A.yet toB.only toC.close toD.next to4、The funny look on his face_______me of what had happened the other day.A.remindedB.taughtC.rememberedD.told5、I’m afraid that______has read this book will not read it a second time.A.no matter whoB.whoeverC.whoD.those who6、Parents,without any exception,wish to see theirchild______their expectationsA.face up toB.stand up toC.add up toD.live up to7、The Palace Museum,also______the Forbidden City,lies north of Tiananmen Square.A.known forB.known toC.known byD.known as8、She is quite positive about the______of the potential market of this new invention.A.outlineB.outlookC.outletD.output9、This young man accepted the offer,______to make a new start in his life.A.hopingB.hopedC.hopesD.to hope10、A high______of protein in the blood can be a serious health concern.A.intensityB.densityC.levelD.extent11、On the train he met a girl who was the same age______.A.like hisB.as heC.like himD.as him12、If______in the early stage,many types of cancer can be cured.A.detectedB.dissolvedC.determinedD.displayed13、She doesn’t look well today.She______herself recently.A.must overworkB.might overworkC.should have overworkedD.must have overworked14、Suffering from illness and______,the old lady once attempted suicide.A.possessionB.depressionC.impressionD.expression15、These issues,although dealt with separately,are actually______the same nature.A.inB.ofC.byD.from16、Something is wrong with the computer.It won’t______.A.close downB.settle downC.cut downD.shut down17、The professor asked the students somequestions,but______of them was willing to answer.A.noneB.nobodyC.neitherD.all18、The______of this suspension bridge claimed dozens of lives in an instant.A.existenceB.departureC.explorationD.collapse19、______to my surprise,the manager wasn’t mad at me about my mistake.A.VeryB.FarC.MuchD.Extremely20、Mark needs to travel________with his varied businessinterests.A.extensivelyB.intenselyC.broadlyD.widely21、There is nobody here in the office.They________have all gone home.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would22、Bill has________a very high price for the car.A.paidB.spentC.costD.bought23、The next morning people found the world outside their houses________completely.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.to change24、By the time I got home,my grandmother________the dinner and was watching TV.A.preparesB.preparedC.has preparedD.had prepared25、The reason________the president kept silent is still unknown.A.howB.whyC.whenD.what26、Will you please open the door for me?A.Yes,pleaseB.My pleasureC.Not at allD.You're welcome27、James got lost in the city,________he had to ask for help.A.orB.soC.butD.for28、Mrs.Smith persuaded her husband________the rightthing.A.doB.didC.to doD.doing29、He bought a________of shoes yesterday.A.pairB.bigC.goodD.pretty30、My parents and I couldn't get into the house last night because________of us had the key.A.allB.eitherC.neitherD.nonePart II Reading Comprehension(30 minutes,30 points)Directions:There are 3 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single bar through the center of the letter that indicates your choice.Passage OneBook clubs are a great way to meet new friends or keep in touch with old ones,while keeping up on our reading and participating in lively and intellectually stimulating discussions.If you’re interested in starting a book club,you should consider the following options and recommendations.Before recruiting,think carefully about how many people you want to participate and also what the club’s focus will be.For example,some book clubs focus exclusively onfiction;others read nonfiction.Some are even morespecific,focusing only on a particular type such as mysteries,science fiction,or romance.Others have a more flexible and open focus.All of these possibilities can make for a great club,but it is important to decide on a focus at the beginning so the guidelines will be clear to the group and potential member.After setting the basic principles,recruitment can begin.Notify friends and family,advertise in the local newspaper and on bulletin boards in localstores,colleges,libraries,and bookstores.When enough people express interest,schedule a kick-off meeting during which decisions will be made about specific guidelines that will ensure the club runs smoothly.This meeting will need to establish where the group will meet(rotating homes or a public place such as a library or coffee shop);how often the group will meet,and on what day of the week and at what time;how long the meetings will be;how books will be chosen and by whom;who will lead the group(if anyone);and whether snacks will be served and if so,who will supply them.By the end of this meeting,these guidelines should be set and a book selection and date for the first official meeting should be finalized.Planning and running a book club is not without challenges,but when a book club is run effectively,the experience can be extremely rewarding for everyone involved.31、When starting a book club,one should first.A.notify his friends and familyB.put an ad in a local newspaperC.decide on the focus and size of the clubD.consider when and where the group will meet32、According to Paragraph 2,the“focus”of a book club refers to.A.fundsB.locationsC.book typesD.members33、Which of the following would NOT be covered at the kick-off meeting?A.Deciding on whether snacks will be served.B.Discussing whether to appoint a leader.C.Determiningthe club’s first selection.D.Planning the club’s yearly budget.34、Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A.Starting a book club requires good planning.B.A book club is a place to make new friends.C.Starting one’s own book club is better than joining anexisting one.D.Smaller groups are better for a variety of reasons.35、The best title for this passage could be“________”.A.Book Clubs:A Great Way to Meet Old FriendsB.Book Club Planning:A Great ChallengeC.Five Steps to Recruit Members for a Book ClubD.Starting a Successful Book Club:A GuidePassage TwoThe Mayan(玛雅)Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s.The Maya were an intelligent,culturally rich people whose achievements were many.They had farms,beautiful palaces,and cities with many buildings.The Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them.This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time,because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding.Knowledge about tools and farming,for instance,made their work easier and more productive.The Maya believed in many gods,including rain gods,sun gods,and corn gods.The people built large temples to honor them.Skillful workers built cities around these temples.It was difficult for them to construct these cities,because they hadno horses to carry the heavy stones they used to build with.Workers had to carry all of the building materials themselves.Today,many of these ancient Mayan cities and temples are still standing.Usually,only the priests lived in the cities.The other people lived in small villages in the forests.Their houses were much simpler than the elaborate structures in the cities.They lived in small huts with no windows.Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.Measuring time was important to the Maya,so the Mayan priests made a system to keep track of time,and they made a calendar in which the year was divided into 18 months of 20 days each with five days left over.The Mayan calendar was far more accurate than the European calendars of the time.36、The Maya lived in Mexico________.A.shortly before the Spanish arrivedB.long before the Spanish arrivedC.at the same time as the SpanishD.with the Spanish for thousands of years37、Many Mayan cities and temples________.A.were constructed by the priestsB.were rebuilt several timesC.were built with heavy stonesD.were the miracles of god38、Most Mayan people lived in.A.beautiful citiesB.simple hutsC.primitive cavesD.stone temples39、What can we learn about the Mayan calendar?A.It was based on European calendars.B.It was better than European calendars.C.It was as accurate as European calendars.D.It was copied by Europeans.40、What is the main idea of this article?A.The Mayan calendar was excellent.B.The Maya were excellent farmers.C.The Maya were intelligent people.D.The Mayan cities were difficult to build.Passage ThreeA young man was getting ready to graduate from college.For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer’s showroom,and knowing his father could well afford it,he told him that was all he wanted.As Graduation Day approached,the young man waited for signs that his father had purchased the car.Finally,on the morning of his graduation,his father called him into his private study.His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son,and told him how much he loved him.He handed his son a beautifully wrapped gift box.Curious,but somewhat disappointed,the young man opened the box and found a lovely,leather-bound Bible,with the young man’s name in gold.Angrily,he raised his voice to his father and said,“With all your money you give me a Bible?”He then stormed out of the house,leaving the Bible.Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business.He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family,but realizing his father was very old,he thought perhaps he should go to see him.He had not seen him since that graduation day.Before he could make the arrangements,he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away,and willed all of his possessions to his son.He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.When he arrived at his father’s house,sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.He began to search through his father’s important papers and saw the still new Bible,just as he hadleft it years ago.With tears,he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages.As he was reading,a car key dropped from the back of the Bible.On the tag was the date of his graduation,and the words“PAID IN FULL”.41、The best title for this passage could be“________”.A.A Tragedy of Father and SonB.A Loving FatherC.The Holy BibleD.A Missed Gift42、On the Graduation Day,what did the father give his son as a gift?A.A Bible and a sports car.B.A beautiful house.C.A lot of money.D.Some gold.43、Before his father’s death,the young man________.A.learned a lot from his fatherB.got what he had longed forC.failed to understand his fatherD.kept contact with his father44、Which of the following statements is true?A.The young man made fortunes by himself after graduation.B.The young man was proud of his father.C.The father thought his son didn’t deserve the sports car.D.The father couldn’t afford the graduation gift.45、It can be inferred from the passage that people________.A.should visit their parents more oftenB.should cherish what they already haveC.shouldn’t desire more than they deserveD.should be grateful for whatever they are givenPart III Translation(15 minutes,10 points)Directions:There are 10 sentences in this section.For each sentence there are 4 choices of translation marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best translation of the sentence.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single bar through the center of the letter that indicates your choice.46、We also realize the need bring in new technology.A.我们认为科技在进步。
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2006年秋南京航空航天大学考博英语真题及详解Part I Reading comprehension(40points)Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are 4answers marked A.B.C and D.Read the passage carefully and choose the bestanswer to each of the questions.(1)The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun,but the man with the portable computer in business class.In the last15years,pilots have reported well over 100incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference.The source of this interference remains unconfirmed,but increasingly,experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers,radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA,an organization which advises the aviation industry,has recommended that all airlines ban such devices from being used during“critical”stages of flight,particularly take-off and landing.Some experts have gone further,calling for a total ban during all flights.Currently,rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing,most are reluctant to enforce a total ban,given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation,which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication.But,because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory,they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raises the task that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment.As worrying,though,is the passenger who can’t hear tile instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud.1.The passage is mainly about______.A.a new regulation for all airlinesB.the defects of electronic devicesC.a possible cause of aircraft crashesD.effective safety measures for air flight2.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices,because ______.A.they don't believe there is such a danger as radio interferenceB.the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedC.most passengers refuse to take s plane which bans the use of radio and cassette playersD.they have other effective safety measures to fall back on3.Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane’s computers?A.Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B.Because it remains,a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C.Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.D.Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.A.is in favor of prohibiting passengers’use of electronic devices completelyB.has overestimated the danger o f electromagnetic interferenceC.hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problemD.regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight【答案与解析】1.C通篇文章讲述的都是portable electronic devices可能对飞机的安全造成影响。
故选项C正确。
由文章可知，并不是所有航线都对passengers’use of electronic devices实行了控制，故排除选项A；选项B：电子仪器的缺点，显然不对；选项D也容易排除。
2.C文章第二段最后一句提到“most are reluctant to enforce a total ban”的原因，即“manypassengers want to work during flights”。
因此我们可以推断，如果全面禁止使用电子设备，很多在飞行中工作的人就会改乘其他航班，而这势必会影响公司的收益。
故选项C正确。
3.C文章第三段首先讲述了电磁场是如何影响aircraft’s computers，即the portable devices发出的放射线会影响“those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication”。
紧接着作者又指出由于在实验室里面不能再现这些影响，因此专家无法知道“the interference might be dangerous or not”。
故选项C正确。
4.A纵观全文可以发现，作者一开始就提出portable electronic devices被怀疑对飞机的安全产生隐患，在随后的两段中作者分别讲述了目前采取的防备措施以及对这一影响的解释说明，在文章最后一段作者又指出一个事实，那就是这一弱点很可能被恐怖分子利用。
因此我们可以看出，作者对这一现象还是比较担忧的，他应该会支持“prohibiting passengers’use of electronic devices completely”。
故选项A正确。
(2)Hunger is no novelty,We can discount legends of golden ages,lands of Cockayne,and Megasthenes’statement that before Alexander’s invasion of India,there bad never been famine or food shortage there.Trustworthy historical records show that during the Renaissance one yeardiverse climate,had a famine in some region every year.Famine is a state of affairs in which people are dying in the streets.It therefore attracts the notice of historians and is recorded.The fact that it strikes people who are aware of having been properly fed and well is more important.Not only are the survivors more adjustable,they are also angry at the breakdown of the system and eager to do something about it though it is obvious from the record that they do not always have the means.Malnutrition is much more underhanded.It is a chronic state in which the total food supply or more often,the supply of certain components such as protein or some of the vitamins is inadequate.It seems probable that,either constantly or seasonally,it used to be the usual condition of mankind and was regarded as normal.The unhealthy appearance of the figures in medieval paintings and drawings is often put down to the incompetence of the artist:it is as likely that most people really did look like that The plentifulness with which poets greeted the‘merry month of May’may,in our dull climate,have had a climatic basis:it is just as likely that in May,after six months’shortage,there was now an adequate vitamin supply.The promptness with which some sailors died of scurvy after leaving port suggests that they were normally on the edge of scurvy and needed only a slight worsening of conditions to get it acutely.Others will think of other examples.Hunger and malnutrition are components of a citric example of a vicious circle.They lead to enfeeblement or unfeelingness in which nothing either can be done,or seems to be worth doing,to alter the state of affairs;this leads to more hunger and malnutrition.There is good reason to think that,in much of the developing world,if the circle could once be broken,it need never return.5.According to the text hunger in the past______.A.occurred more frequently in Britain than in the rest of the worldB.was less of a problem than it is todayC.was almost unknown in the Indian subcontinentD.was quite a regular occurrence6.The writer suggests that famine is different from malnutrition because______.A.it is a far more widespread problemB.it causes rather more people to dieC.it arouses a desire for action rather than mere unfeelingnessD.it tends to affect the and well fed more than the poor7.What does the writer say about malnutrition?A.It was a common condition in the Middle Ages.B.It arouses a great deal of emotion and interestC.It affected the competence of medieval artists.D.It is a more obvious problem than famine.8.According to the writer,the vicious circle of malnutrition in developing countries______.A.makes long-term progress very difficult to achieveB.could be broken for good if it were broken onceC.has a significant effect on the developed countriesD.could extend to the developed countries in thee future【答案与解析】5.D文章第一段指出：真实的历史记录显示“during the Renaissance…in some region everyyear”。