初二阶段性测试
八年级上语文阶段性测试卷(含答案)
八年级语文阶段性测试试卷(附答案)(考试时间共120分钟,试卷满分为120分)班级 _________ 学号 ________ 姓名 __________ 成绩 ___________一、积累与运用(共30分)(一)选择题(12分)1.下列词语中加红字的读音都正确的一项是()A. 拂晓(fú)提防( dī)瞥见(piě) 文绉绉( zhōu )B. 诘问( jié)奔丧( bèn )愧怍( zuò)人头济济( jǐ)C. 伎俩(jì)克扣( kè)珐琅( fà)转弯抹角( mò)D. 疮疤(chuāng)脂粉( zhǐ)吊唁( yàn )大庭广众( tíng )2.下列词语中没有错别字的一项是()A. 霹雳骷髅唏嘘高屋建翎B. 焦灼阻遏箱箧气势磅礴C. 地窖噩耗尴尬微不足到D. 烦燥鞠躬荒谬长途跋涉3.选词填空,最恰当的一组是()①总而言之,请假设人类___________的某种令人眼花缭乱的洞府,其外貌是神庙,是宫殿,那就是这座名园。
②纳粹将其所有的愤怒___________地发泄在这个温和的小城里。
③___________黑暗的地母呵,愿在你怀里永安她的魂灵!④但他终于不放心,怕茶房不__________;颇踌躇了一会。
A. 理想残酷仁厚妥当 B.理想残忍仁慈妥当C. 幻想残忍仁慈妥帖 D.幻想残酷仁厚妥帖4. 下列作品、作家及所生活的时代(或国籍)搭配不正确的一项是()A.《桃花源记》—陶渊明—东晋B.《就英法联军远征中国给巴特勒上尉的信》—雨果—英国C.《蜡烛》—西蒙诺夫—苏联D.《爱莲说》—周敦颐—北宋5.下列词句中加红字解释都正确的一项是()A.①寻向所志(寻找) ②寻病终(竟然)B. ①遂迷,不复得路(终于)②遂与外人间隔(结果)C. ①鸡犬相闻(听见)②闻有此人(听说)D.①不足为外人道也(被)②武陵人捕鱼为业(作为)6. 下列选项中加红成语使用不当的一项是()A. 鬼子们拍打着水追过去,老头子张皇失措,船却走不动,鬼子紧紧追上了他。
2023—2024学年度第二学期阶段性学习效果评估八年级物理试题含答案解析
2023—2024学年度第二学期阶段性学习效果评估八年级物理试题含答案解析一、单选题(共40 分)1. 下列物体的质量,发生了变化的是()A.冰块全部熔化成水B.铝块拉成铝线C.将月壤带到地球D.将菜刀刃磨薄【答案】D【解析】A.冰块熔化成水,状态发生变化,但质量与状态无关,所以质量不变,故A不符合题意;B.铝块拉成铝线,形状发生变化,但质量与形状无关,所以质量不变,故B不符合题意;C.将月壤带到地球,位置改变,但质量与位置无关,质量不变,故C不符合题意;D.将菜刀刃磨薄,所含的铁减少了,所以质量减少,故D符合题意;故选D。
2. 镁合金被誉为“21世纪绿色工程材料”,其密度仅有钢铁的四分之一,还具有强度高、导电性好、耐腐蚀等特性。
下列物体不适合用该材料制作的是()A.自行车的车架B.平板电脑外壳C.起重机配重D.仪器中的电子元件【答案】C【解析】ABD.由于镁合金密度小,且强度高、导电性好、耐腐蚀,因此自行车的车架、平板电脑外壳、仪器中的电子元件均可使用镁合金制作,故ABD不符合题意;C.由于镁合金的密度相对较小,仅有钢铁的四分之一,因此同样体积下,使用镁合金做的配重会比使用钢材做的轻很多,无法达到相同的配重效果,因此起重机配重不适合使用镁合金。
故C 符合题意。
故选C。
3. 用带正电的玻璃棒分别靠近甲、乙两轻小物体,现象如图所示,由此可判断A.甲可能不带电B.乙一定不带电C.甲一定带负电D.乙可能带负电【答案】D【解析】由题意知带正电的玻璃棒和甲物体排斥,故甲一定带正电;带正电的玻璃棒和乙物体相互吸引,故乙可能带负电,也可能不带电,故D符合题意,ABC不符合题意。
故选D。
4. 下列有关对物质世界的认识正确的是()A.太阳是宇宙的中心B.香气扑鼻说明分子在不停地运动C.分子是不可再分的最小粒子D.用摩擦的方法可以创造电荷【答案】B【解析】A.宇宙是由无数恒星组成的,太阳只是其中一颗,太阳不是宇宙的中心,故A错误;B.我们能闻到香味属于扩散现象,说明香气分子在不停的做无规则运动被我们呼吸到,故B正确;C.物质由分子组成,分子由原子组成,故C错误;D.摩擦起电的实质是电荷的转移,不会创造电荷,故D错误。
八年级物理上册(新)阶段性测试试题(一、二章) B卷(含参考答案)
八年级 物理(上) 人教版阶段性测试题(一、二章) B 卷一、选择题(36分)1、在学校组织的文艺汇演中,小希用二胡演奏了《二泉映月》,如图所示。
演奏过程中,她不断变换手指在琴弦上的位置,其目的是改变( )A 声音的响度B 声音的音色C 、声音的音调D 、琴弦的振幅2、(2018.武汉)如图所示,在筷子上捆一些棉花,做一个活塞,用水蘸湿棉花后插入两端开口的竹管中,用嘴吹管的上端,可以发出悦耳的消音。
上下推拉活塞,并用相同的力吹管的上端时,下列说法错误的是( )A 、哨音是由管内空气振动产生的B 、哨音是通过空气传到另人耳朵的C 、向上推活塞时,吹出的哨音响度会变大D 、向下拉活塞时,吹出的哨音音调会变低3、(2018.成都)近来共享电动汽车成为人们低碳出行的交通工具,某共享汽车30min 行驶20km ,则该车的平均速度为( )A 、40km/hB 、1.5km/hC 、15m/sD 、40m/s4、如图所示,将一把钢尺紧按在桌面边缘,一端伸出约为尺长的一半,拨动钢尺,听它发出的声音,并观察它的振动情况,然后减小钢尺伸出长度约为尺长的1/4,再次实验,得到的结论是( )A 、声音变大B 、频率变高C 、振动变慢D 、响度变小5、(素养题)如图是常用的5号电池的示意图,其型号的另一种表示方法为“14500”,前两位数是直径,后三位数是高度,该型 号电池的高度为( )A 、14mmB 、145mmC 、500mm D/50.0mm6、下列做法中属于从噪声的接收这一环节来防治噪声的是( )A 、在摩托车上安装消声器B 、在市区内禁鸣汽车喇叭C 、室内打靶时要佩戴耳罩D 、用吸音材料来装饰内墙7、如图所示为我国民族吹管乐器――唢呐,用它吹奏名曲《百鸟朝凤》时,模仿的多种鸟儿叫声悦耳动听,让人仿佛置身于百鸟争鸣的森林之中。
善于唢呐,下列说法正确的是( )A 、用不同力度吹奏,主要改变声音的音调B 、吹奏时按压不同位置的气孔,主要改变声音的响度C 、唢呐前端的喇叭主要改变声音的音色D 、唢呐模仿的鸟儿叫声令人怜悯,是乐音8、为了监督司机是否遵守限速规定,交通管理部门在公路上安装了超声测速仪。
人教版英语八年级上册 阶段性测试(Unit 1-4 ) 试题
2020-2021学年上学期八年级阶段性测试(Unit1-4)第一卷(60分)一、单项选择(15分)1.—What are you going to give your mother for her birthday?—I’m not sure.But I’ll buy her________.A.something specialB.anything specialC.special somethingD.special anything2.I didn’t go to the mountains________the bad weather.A.soB.because ofC.becauseD.but3._______is easy for me________friends.A.That;to makeB.It;makesC.It;to makeD.This;make4.I have________homework to do and I’m________tired now.A.too much;much tooB.much too;too muchC.too many;too muchD.many too;much too5.It’s cold,so we decided________at home.A.stayB.to stayC.stayingD.stayed6.Although he is very old,________he works very hard.A.soB.butC.andD./7.Xiao Zhang________watches TV.He likes going online.A.hard everB.hardly everC.doesn’t hard everD.doesn’t hardly everrry helps to________the best in me.A.bring outB.care aboutC.be up toD.have to do with9.My parents are in good________.They are pretty________.A.health;healthB.healthy;healthyC.health;healthyD.healthy;health10.—________do you surf the Internet,Kate?—Not often,twice a month.A.How longB.How oldC.How oftenD.How many times11.Eighty percent of the teachers________women teachers in our school.A.isB.areC.beD.was12._______of my parents______teachers.A.All;areB.Both;isC.Both;areD.None;are13.I will have_______holiday.A.three weeksB.three-weeksC.three week’sD.three-week14._______you study,_______your grades are.A.Hardest;bestB.The harder;the betterC.The hardest;bestD.Hard;the best15.You don’t need a lot of friends_______they are good.A.thoughB.butC.as long asD.in fact二、完形填空(15分)One summer,three friends came to New York.They decided__16___in a hotel during the visit.But they felt___17__because their room was on the 60th floor.And for safety,the hotel closed the elevators(电梯)___18__12:00 every night.The next day,the three friends rented(租)a__19___and went out to travel__20___the city.They__21___movies,concerts(音乐会),and other things.When they returned to the__22___,it was__23___.The elevator were stopped.So they had to take the stairs(楼梯).At that time,one friend got a(n)__24___.He said, “For the first 20 floors,I will tell jokes.Then another of us will__25___smart stories for the next 20 floors.Then we will finish__26___20 floors with sadstories.”Soon,the first one__27___with his jokes,with joy,they reached the 20th floor,then the next one started__28___some smart stories,so they learned a lot when reaching the 40th floor.In the end,it was time for sad stories.The__29___one started like this, “My first___30__story is that I left the key to the door In the car.”16.A.stay B.staying C.stayed D.to stay17.A.glad B.excited C.unhappy D.cheerful18.A.in B.on C.after D.before19.A.car B.room C.train D.plane20.A.to B.on C.from D.around21.A.talked B.went C.listened D.enjoyed22.A.car B.room C.hotel D.train23.A.early B.lucky te D.good24.A.joke B.idea C.advice D.secret25.A.say B.tell C.talk D.speak26.A.others B.another C.the other D.any other27.A.starts B.starting C.started D.start28.A.asking B.telling C.saying D.speaking29.A.first B.two C.three D.third30.A.sad B.funny C.smart D.pleasant三、阅读理解(30分)A.A.RunningB.SwimmingC.Playing soccer32.How does Bill keep healthy?A.By getting rest regularlyB.By having meals on timeC.By keeping his body clean33.How long does Tina sleep every night?A.eight hoursB.nine hoursC.ten hours34.How any times does Mary brush her teeth every day?A.OnceB.TwiceC.Three times35.Which of the following is TRUE?A.Bill drinks milk twice a weekB.Eric takes a walk after dinner every day.C.Mary washes herself every day after getting up.B.Dear Mom and Dad,How are you?It’s after lunch,I’m writing to you from my camp.Yesterday we started our trip at 8:00a.m.The camp is only 200 miles from our home,and the school bus got us here at noon.I share a room with other three boys.Two of them know how to use computers.They’re in Mr.Green’s class.I’m learning how to use computers,so I am in Mrs.Brown’s class.I have to design(设计)my own program this week.All of the campers have to,I want to design a game.Then I can teach it to you.We must take part in two other activities every day.I am going to choose swimming and tennis.In my free time,I play games on the computer.So are most of the campers,I like camping,but the food is very bad,I dislike it.We have our breakfast,lunch and supper in a very big room.When we are eating,everyone is talking and there is a lot of noise.I have to say “goodbye”now.See you in two weeks.LoveChris.36.What activity is Chris doing at the camp today?A.having computer lessonsB.designing a computer gameC.teaching others to use computer37.How do the most campers spend their free time?A.play tennisB.go swimmingC.play computer games38.How was the big dining room when the campers are having meals?A.noisyB.dirtyC.tidy39.What can we learn from the passage?(1)Chris likes the food at the camp(2)Chris will spend half a month at the camp(3)there were four boys living in Chris’s room(4)It took Chris about four hours to get to the campA.1/2/3B.1/3/4C.2/3/440.Why did Chris write to his parents?A.to tell them his camp lifeB.to teach them a computer gameC.to show then how terrible the food wasC.Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world.It is a team sport.When two teams play basketball,both of them try to get points against one another.How do they get points?They throw a ball through a 10-feet-high basket under some rules.The team with more points at the end of the game wins.In early December,1891,the basketball game was invented by Dr.James Naismith.He was a Canadian PE teacher in Springfield,USA.In the beginning,he just wanted to find an indoor game for his students in winter.He wrote the basic rules.He also set a basket onto a 10-feet-high wall.The players got one point by shooting the brown soccer ball into the basket.He called the new game “basket ball”.This new kind of sports soon became one of the most popular sports in North America.Now basketball is very popular all over the world.In the United States,NBA basketball matches are the most popular events.41.What does the underlined word “points”mean in Chinese?A.要点B.分数C.指着D.规则42.How do the basketball players get points?A.by throwing a ball through a basketB.by kicking the ball into a holeC.by getting the ball from the players from the other teamD.by throwing a ball to the PE teacher43.In what time of the year was the basketball game invented(发明)?A.in springB.in summerC.in winterD.in autumn44.About Dr.Naismith,which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.he wrote the rules for the gameB.he was the best basketball player in 1891.C.he wasn’t born in the United StatesD.he was a PE teacher in Springfield45.What’s the best title for the passage?A.The most Popular sport in the worldB.The life of Dr.James NaismithB.How to play basketball well D.The history of basketballD.What do we do when we go camping?First,we work out a plan.We take food,clothing,a knife,and things for cooking and eating.We take things to keep us away from insects(虫子)and the sun.Then we put everything into the car and we drive to the woods(树林,林地).We look for a place for campers(露营者)and we look for a good place for our tent(帐篷).The place should have a lot of moving air.This will keep some insects away.High land with water on both sides of it is good.Then we put up put up our tent.We put everything into the tent,and we are ready for fun.We can swim in the lake,walk in the woods,climb a mountain,row a boat,or go fishing.In the evening we come back to the tent,we build a big fire because it can keep the insects away.We sit around the fire and talk.We may tell interesting stories or we may sing songs.At night we lie down on the grass.We can look up at the stars.It is a busy day,so we try to go to sleep early.Everything is dark.Everything is quiet.We hope we won’t hear music from the radio in the next tent.We hope it won’t rain.46.Before going camping,we should first______.A.draw up a planB.take some foodC.take things to keep us warmD.take something for cooking and eating47.We go camp______.A.by busB.by carC.by bikeD.on foot48.Campers can take part in_______activities.A.one or twoB.only a fewC.manyD.two or three49.In the evening we build a fire because______.A.it is cold at nightB.it can keep us warmC.it can keep the insects awayD.it is dark and quiet50.The campers like to_____at night.A.hear music from the radioB.go to sleep earlyC.have rainD.be busy第二卷(60分)四、(A)根据首字母及句意填空(20分)st weekend was very________(令人愉快的)for me.52.Our teacher always tell us to do many free time a________after class.53.The twin sisters have few d________(差别).54.When it rains,we should take u________with us.55.It’s twelve now,Everyone is very h________(饥饿的).Let’s have lunch.56.—What’s your favorite p________?—Animal world.57.Do you know the r________(结果)of the test?58.Go t________the park,you will see a big lake.59.If you have a toothache,you should see the d________.60.Now________(杂志)are less popular than TV now.61.I don’t like English.________(然而)I have to learn it well.62.Do you want to join the piano c________(比赛)?63.Heimingway was a f________(了不起的)writer.64.Some people are t________in music.65.It’s n________to learn English well.66.Who b________(打破)the window?67.The girl is s________(相似的)to her mother.68.You can find some________(信息)about New COVID-19 on the Internet.69.Which is the w________(最差的)clothes store in town?70.The boy is old e________to go to school.(B)适当形式填空(10分)71.His mother often makes him________(clean)his room on weekends.72.Tom doesn’t like watching TV and he watches it________(two)a week.73. —Would you like________(anything)to drink?—A cup of tea.Thank you.74.Lucy and her sister were the________(win)of the tennis game.75.He is________(funny)than the other students in his class.76.You must look after________(you)and keep healthy,children.77.His uncle________(fly)to New York City last week.78.There are many tall________(build)in the city.79.The film is________(wonder).80.It’s good to relax by________(use)the Internet or watching game shows.五、短文填空(10分)Who is your hero?Why do you like him?Cool looks?Money?A lot of talents?I think Helen Keller is one of the greatest person all over the world.Helen is a famous___81__(write)and educator in America.When Helen was a baby,she was very__82___(luck).She couldn’t see___83__hear.As time passed,things got so bad__84___she couldn’t understand anything.But she had a___85__(great)mind than most of the people.With the help of Miss Sullivan,Helen went to school when she got__86___(old).Helen Keller was both brave__87___wonderful.She spent her life___88__(help)many blind and deaf people.She died in 1968 because___89__bad illness.Don’t stop___90__(try).Helen Keller said so .From her true story,I know whatever we do and how hard it is,we will never give up.81.___________ 82.___________ 83.___________84.___________ 85.___________ 86.___________ 87.___________ 88.___________ 89.___________ 90.___________六、任务型阅读(10分)Liu Wei is very famous in China because he can play the piano with his toes(脚趾).One day when Liu Wei was only 10 years old,he played a game with some friends.He lost both his arms because of electricity(电).Liu Wei was very sad when his arms were cut off after the accident(意外事故).But soon he had to make a choice.“For people like me,there were only two choices.One was to give up all the dreams,which would cause a quick death.The other was to work hard without arms to live an excellent life.”says Liu Wei.Liu’s dream was to be a pianist.His excellent life included a show on China’s Got Talent(《中国达人秀》)and a wonderful performance(演奏) playing the beautiful Marriage D’amour with his two feet on the piano.Liu Wei learned to play the piano with his feet.And teaching himself to play the piano with his feet was very hard.Many times he wanted to give it up,but his parents went on encouraging(鼓励)him and he wanted to make his parents proud.Maybe you can not believe that Liu Wei is able to play well with his toes.The audience(观众)were deeply moved and very excited when they watched his performance.91.Why is Liu Wei very famous in China?92.How old was Liu Wei when he lost his arms?93.Was Liu Wei very sad when both his arms were cut off?94.Who encouraged Liu Wei to play the piano?95.How did the audience feel when they watched Liu’s performance?七、书面表达(10分)你们学校校报小记者John就日常活动采访了你的同学David,下面是他根据采访内容所列的提纲,请你根据下表提供的有关信息,写一篇80词左右的英语报道,介绍一下你的同学David的日答案一、单项选择1-5:ABCAB6-10:DBACC11-15:BCDBC二、完形填空16-20:DCCAD21-25:DCCBB26-30:CCBDA三、阅读理解31-35:CBBBB36-40:ACACA41-45:BACBD46-50:ABCCB四、(A)单词填空51.enjoyable52.activities53.differences54.umbrellas55.hungry56.program57.result58.through59.dentist60.magazines61.Howeverpetition63.fantastic64.talented65.necessary66.broke67.similarrmation69.worst70.enough(B)适当形式填空71.clean72.twice73.something74.winner75.funnier76.yourself77.flew78.buildings79.wonderfuling五、阅读填空81.writer 82.lucky83.or84.that85.greater86.older87.and88.helping89.of90.trying六、任务型阅读91.Because he can play the piano with his toes.92.When he was only 10 years old.93.Yes,he was.94.His parents.95.They were deeply moved and very excited.。
2022年秋季学期学生综合素养阶段性评价八年级数学试题卷答案
2022年秋季学期学生综合素养阶段性评价八年级数学参考答案及评分标准一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题只有一个正确选项,每小题3分,满分36分)题号答案1A2D3D4C5B6C7C8D9A10D11B12A二、填空题(每小题3分,共18分)13、4.5×10-714、3(m +2)(m -2)15、x ≠316、197、1218、2∶3∶4三、解答题(共6题,共46分)19.(本题满分8分)(1)解:原式=2+1+3……………………3分=6……………………………4分(2)解:方程两边同乘(x -2),得:3(x -2)-(2+x )=-2,……………1分解得x =3………………………………………………………2分检验:当x =3时,x -2≠0……………………………………3分∴原方式方程的解为:x =3……………………………………4分20.(本题满分6分)解:(1)∵AC ∥DE ,∴∠ACB =∠DEF ,……………………………………1分∵BE =CF ,∴BE +CE =CF +CE ,即BC =FE ,………………………………………2分在△ABC 和△DFE 中,ìíîïï∠A =∠D∠ACB =∠DEF BC =FE,∴△ABC ≌△DFE (AAS)。
………………………4分(2)∵BF =12,EC =6,∴BE +CF =12-6=6,……………………………………5分∵BE =CF ,∴BE =CF =3,∴BC =BE +EC =3+6=9。
…………………6分21.(本题满分7分)(1)图略……………………………2分(2)S△A1B1C1=4×5-12×2×4-12×1×4-12×2×5=9……………………5分(3)(0,3)…………………………………7分22.(本题满分8分)(1)解:设乙的进价为每盒x元,根据题意,得8000x=6000x-10,…………………………2分解得x=40,…………………………3分经检验,x=40是原方程的根,且符合题意,40-10=30(元),……………………4分答:甲的进价为每盒30元,乙的进价为每盒40元;…………………………5分(2)解:设该商家购进m盒乙,根据题意,得40m+30(120-m)≤4000,…………………………6分解得m≤40,…………………………7分答:该商家最多可购进40盒乙。
八年级数学上阶段测试卷一
一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 下列各数中,正数是()A. -3.14B. 0C. -2D. 22. 下列图形中,是轴对称图形的是()A. 矩形B. 三角形C. 圆D. 平行四边形3. 下列各式中,正确的是()A. 3a + 2b = 5a - 2bB. 3a - 2b = 5a + 2bC. 3a + 2b = 5a + 2bD. 3a - 2b = 5a - 2b4. 已知一个等腰三角形的底边长为6cm,腰长为8cm,那么这个三角形的周长是()A. 14cmB. 16cmC. 18cmD. 20cm5. 下列各数中,是2的倍数的是()A. 0.4B. 1.6C. 2.5D. 3.26. 下列各式中,正确的是()A. a^2 = b^2B. a^2 = -b^2C. a^2 = b^2 ± 2abD. a^2 = b^2 + 2ab7. 已知一个长方体的长、宽、高分别为2cm、3cm、4cm,那么这个长方体的体积是()A. 24cm^3B. 26cm^3C. 28cm^3D. 30cm^38. 下列各式中,正确的是()A. a^3 = a^2 aB. a^3 = a a aC. a^3 = a a + aD. a^3 = a a - a9. 已知一个梯形的上底为2cm,下底为4cm,高为3cm,那么这个梯形的面积是()A. 6cm^2B. 8cm^2C. 10cm^2D. 12cm^210. 下列各数中,有理数是()A. √4B. √9C. √16D. √25二、填空题(每题3分,共30分)11. 3的倒数是__________,2的平方是__________。
12. 如果a=2,那么a+1的值是__________。
13. 已知一个圆的半径为5cm,那么这个圆的直径是__________cm。
14. 一个长方形的长是8cm,宽是6cm,那么这个长方形的周长是__________cm。
2022-2023学年八年级数学上学期第一次阶段性检测卷二原卷
2022-2023学年八年级阶段性检测卷数学(考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:120分)注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答第Ⅱ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4.测试范围:第一章、第二章。
5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题3分,共36分)。
1.下列长度的各组线段中,能组成三角形的是()A.3cm,12cm,8cm B.6cm,8cm,15cmC.2.5cm,3cm,5cm D.6.3cm,6.3cm,12.6cm2.如果一个三角形的三条高的交点恰好是这个三角形的一个顶点,那么这个三角形是()A.锐角三角形B.直角三角形C.钝角三角形D.不能确定3.如图,工人师傅砌门时,常用木条EF固定长方形门框ABCD,使其不变形,这样做的根据是()A.两点之间的线段最短B.两点确定一条直线C.三角形具有稳定性D.长方形的四个角都是直角4.如图,过△ABC的顶点A,作BC边上的高,以下作法正确的是()A .B .C .D .5.一个三角形的三个内角度数之比为4:5:9,则这个三角形是()A.锐角三角形B.钝角三角形C.直角三角形D.斜三角形6.根据下列已知条件,能唯一画出△ABC的是()A.AB=3,BC=4,AC=8B.AB=4,BC=3,∠A=30°C.∠A=60°,∠B=45°,AB=4D.∠C=90°,AB=67.如图,将两根钢条AA′、BB′的中点O连在一起,使AA′、BB′能绕着点O自由转动,就做成了一个测量工具,由三角形全等可知A′B′的长等于内槽宽AB,那么判定△OAB≌△OA′B′的理由是()A.SAS B.ASA C.SSS D.AAS8.用一批完全相同的正多边形能镶嵌成一个平面图案的是()A.正五边形B.正六边形C.正七边形D.正八边形9.如图,△ACB≌△A′CB′,∠BCB′=30°,则∠ACA′的度数为()A.20°B.30°C.35°D.40°10.如图,给出下列四组条件:①AB=DE,BC=EF,AC=DF;②AB=DE,∠B=∠E,BC=EF;③∠B=∠E,BC=EF,∠C=∠F;④AB=DE,AC=DF,∠B=∠E.其中,能使△ABC≌△DEF的条件共有()A.1组B.2组C.3组D.4组11.如图,将纸片△ABC沿DE折叠,点A落在点F处,已知∠1+∠2=100°,则∠A的度数等于()A.70°B.60°C.50°D.40°12.如图,C为线段AE上一动点(不与点A,E重合),在AE同侧分别作正三角形ABC和正三角形CDE,AD与BE交于点O,AD与BC交于点P,BE与CD交于点Q,连接PQ.以下四个结论:①AD=BE;②PQ∥AE;③AP=BQ;④∠AOB=60°.其中正确的结论个数是()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个第Ⅱ卷二、填空题(本题共6题,每小题3分,共18分)。
初二数学阶段性测试试卷
一、选择题(每题5分,共20分)1. 下列各数中,有理数是()A. √9B. √16C. √25D. √-92. 若a、b为实数,且a+b=0,则下列选项中正确的是()A. a=0,b=0B. a=0,b≠0C. a≠0,b=0D. a≠0,b≠03. 下列各式中,分式有()A. 2xB. x+1C. x/(x+1)D. 2x^24. 已知x^2+2x+1=0,则x的值为()A. 1B. -1C. 2D. -25. 下列函数中,y是x的二次函数是()A. y=x^2+2x+1B. y=x^2-2x+1C. y=2x^2-4x+2D. y=3x^2-2x+1二、填空题(每题5分,共25分)6. (1)若x=3,则x^2-2x+1=______;(2)若a+b=5,ab=6,则a^2+b^2=______;(3)若x=2,则x^2+3x-4=______;(4)若a=3,b=-2,则a^2-ab+b^2=______。
7. (1)若m^2-3m+2=0,则m的值为______;(2)若x^2+5x+6=0,则x的值为______;(3)若x^2-4x+4=0,则x的值为______;(4)若2x^2-5x+3=0,则x的值为______。
8. (1)若y=2x-1,当x=3时,y=______;(2)若y=3x+2,当x=1时,y=______;(3)若y=4x-3,当x=2时,y=______;(4)若y=5x+4,当x=0时,y=______。
三、解答题(每题10分,共40分)9. (1)已知a、b为实数,且a+b=5,ab=6,求a^2+b^2的值;(2)若x^2-5x+6=0,求x的值。
10. (1)已知y=2x+3,当x=2时,求y的值;(2)已知y=3x-2,当x=1时,求y的值。
11. (1)已知m^2-6m+9=0,求m的值;(2)已知x^2+4x+4=0,求x的值。
12. (1)已知y=5x+2,当x=3时,求y的值;(2)已知y=6x-3,当x=1时,求y的值。
内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市内蒙古大学附属中学2024-2025学年八年级上学期第一次阶段性测试物理试题
内蒙古大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期初二年级月考物理试卷(本卷共70分)一.单选题(本题包括12小题,每题2分,共24分)1.小明同学用刻度尺测出一个物体的长度为172.5mm ,下面物体中最接近这个数值的是( )A.物理课本的厚度B.一根粉笔的长度C.黑板的长度D.饮水杯的高度2.妈妈用电动自行车送小明上学,途中妈妈提醒小明“坐好,别动!”这个“别动”的参照物是()A.电动自行车上的座位B.路旁的树木C.迎面走来的行人D.从身旁超越的汽车3.从匀速直线运动的速度公式可知( )A.速度与路程成正比 B.速度与时间成反比C.速度不随时间或路程而变化D.速度决定于通过的路程和时间4.为了践行“绿色环保”的生活理念,小张、小王、小李从同一地点A 沿同一道路同时出发,最终都到达地点B ,小张驾驶电瓶车以30km/h 的速度匀速前进,小王以5m/s 的速度跑步匀速前进,小李以每分钟通过0.6km 的速度骑自行车匀速前进,则( )A.小张先到达B 地B.小王先到达B 地C.小李先到达B 地D.三人同时到达B 地5.做匀速直线运动的甲、乙两物体,它们的速度之比为,通过的路程之比为,则它们所用的时间之比为( )A. B. C. D.6.小东在百米赛跑中第1s 通过的路程是3m ,第2s 通过的路程是5m ,第3s 通过的路程是7m ,则他在这3s 内()A.前2s 内的平均速度是5m/sB.后2s 内的平均速度是6m/sC.3s 内的平均速度是7m/sD.最后1s 内的平均速度是5m/s7.甲、乙两物体同时同地向东运动,运动的s-t 图象如图所示,下列说法正确的是()A.时间内选甲为参照物,乙是向东运动B.时间内甲为匀速直线运动,时刻甲、乙两物体相遇C.时间内甲的速度小于乙的速度sv t=3:22:32:34:91:19:410t -13t t -2t 24t t -D.时间内甲的平均速度比乙的平均速度大8.假期到了,班上的几个同学送小明乘列车回家。
八年级上册语文阶段性质量检测试题(附答案)
八年级上册语文阶段性质量检测试题(附答案)八年级语文检测卷一、积累与运用(共20分)(一)积累(共12分)1阅读下面文字,把文中拼音所表示的汉字依次写在括号内。
(2分)人会长大,花会枯wěi( ) /垂挂下一季浓密期盼的感觉很长/一旦欢悦zhàn()放的时刻真短/啊,在变幻的天空次第消失的云朵/曾经一切都在眼前,伸手可及/故乡和童年奔chí()在绿荫的梦中/时光以高速前行/夺走我亲情和不jiě( )事的年少。
——选自席慕容《时间》2.根据原文填空。
(共8分)①五岭逶迤腾细浪,。
②,风烟望五津。
③不畏浮云遮望眼,。
④,恨别鸟惊心。
⑤几处早莺争暖树,。
⑥,化作春泥更护花。
⑦人生自古谁无死,。
⑧,铁马冰河入梦来。
3名著阅读:(2分)①.《钢铁是怎样炼成的》是作者的作品。
②保尔在(人名)的影响下,走上革命道路。
(二)运用(共4分)4.下列语段有几处毛病,请用规定的符号直接在原文上修改。
(4分)换用号:增补号:删除号:调位号:不论是清晨甚至夜晚,在我家门口长长的一条胡同里走着的时候,总能听到一阵阵悦耳的琴声。
那乐曲时而低沉,时而高亢,时而悲伤,时而奔放……一个个音符似乎变成了轻纱般飘动的云朵,变成了艳丽夺目的彩带,突然,又似一股清泉从高耸的山崖上落入水潭,那水花飞珠滚玉般的动听如同大珠小珠落玉盘那样好听。
我走着,仿佛是一只小小鸟随着音乐欢乐地歌唱。
从那时起,似乎被小提琴的那种魅力给迷倒了,整天吵着要去学,可妈妈总是笑着说:“你还小”!(三)综合性学习(4分)5、某班开展了一次“中国月文化”主题探究活动,下面是同学搜集的资料。
阅读后,按要求回答问题。
材料一:中国上古暑期就有嫦娥奔月的神话传说,古人更有“秋暮夕(祭)月”的习俗。
唐代赏月十分盛行,并将中秋节定为固定节日;两宋时期形成了中秋吃月饼的风俗,取“人月共圆”之意。
这一风俗延续至今。
材料二:(1)综合材料一和材料二的内容,写出你的探究结果。
2023-2024学年第一学期阶段性质量监测八年级语文试卷答案
2023—2024学年第一学期期中教学质量检测八年级语文试题答案及评分参考评分说明:1.简答题应抽取一定数量的样卷,根据评分参考得分确定答案的给分类型,意思答对的酌情给分。
2.写作题应抽取一定数量的样卷,确定类型卷及制定相应的评分细则,根据评分参考与评分细则评分。
一、积累与运用(25分)1.(10分)①清流见底②庭下如积水空明③江入大荒流④大漠孤烟直⑤长河落日圆⑥鸢飞戾天者⑦窥谷忘反⑧日暮乡关何处是⑨烟波江上使人愁⑩老骥伏枥(每处1分,错字、漏字、添字,该处不给分。
)2.(10分)(1)(2分)①.qiáo ②.聆(2)(2分)甲B 乙B【解析】突显:突出地显露。
彰显:鲜明地显示。
“国潮”能鲜明地显示出中国文化底蕴,因此甲处用“彰显”恰当。
故选B。
喜不自禁:形容高兴得不得了,抑制不住内心的喜悦。
引以为豪:以此感到自豪。
根据“国潮”走向世界的语境,应用“引以为豪”。
故选B。
(3)(3分)一个普通国民具有了这种文化自觉、文化自信,就会提高其对历史文化的认识(或者“觉悟”),(能补出宾语得1分,补出的宾语恰当得3分)(4)(3分)D【解析】本题考查句子排序。
四个句子都有关联词,因此要根据句子间的逻辑关系进行排序。
根据“一个民族有了这种文化自觉、文化自信”的条件提示,下一句用带关联词“就不会”的①句“就不会失去自己的精神家园和文化的根”,衔接紧密;然后是表示另一结果的④句“就会更加坚定自己的文化价值”;②“而这一切决定了这个民族拥有深厚的思想、自我超越的精神”表示转折意,是对上几句的总结;③“更决定了这个国家的国力和它的未来”语意上递进,总结全段。
因此排序为:①④②③。
故选D。
3.(5分)示例1:我会想到"信仰"。
因为反围剿的失败,红军开始了艰苦卓绝的二万五千里长征,战士们爬雪山,过草地,在人类生命禁区创造了一个个军事奇迹,取得这样的奇迹,毛泽东认为是源于对信仰的坚持,让我感受到信仰的力量(2分)。
北师版八年级数学上册阶段性检测试卷(原卷+答案解析)
北师版八年级数学上册阶段性检测试卷(10月份月考练习卷)【范围:第一章《勾股定理》、第二章《实数》、第三章《位置与坐标》】一、选择题(本大题共有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分)1.4的算术平方根是( )A .-2B .2C .2± D2如图一棵大树在离地面9米高的B 处断裂,树顶A 落在离树底部C 的12米处,则大树断裂之前的高度为( )A .9米B .15米C .21米D .24米3.已知实数,x y 满足2(1)0y ++=,则x y −等于( )A .3B .-3C .1D .-14.下列计算正确的是( )A 3=−B 2=±C 4=D 2=5.与点P (5,-3)关于x 轴对称的点的坐标是( )A .(5,3)B .(-5,3)C .(-3,5)D .(3,-5)6.已知△ABC 的三边分别为a 、b 、c ,下列条件中,不能判定△ABC 为直角三角形的是()A .ABC ∠=∠+∠ B .::a b c =2227.实数,a b 在数轴上的位置如图所示,化简a −的结果是( )A .2a b −B .aC .2b a −D .a −8.有一个数值转换器,流程如下:当输入的x 值为64时,输出的y 值是( )A .4 BC .2D 9 .如图,圆柱形玻璃杯高为14cm ,底面周长为32cm ,在杯内壁离杯底5cm 的点B 处有一滴蜂蜜, 此时一只蚂蚁正好在杯外壁,离杯上沿3cm 与蜂蜜相对的点A 处,则蚂蚁从外壁A 处到内壁B 处的最短距离为( )cm (杯壁厚度不计).A .14B .18C .20D .2510.如图,动点P 在平面直角坐标系中按图中箭头所示方向运动,第1次从原点运动到点()1,1,第2次接着运动到点()2,0,第3次接着运动到点()3,2,… 按这样的运动规律,经过第2023次运动后,动点P 的坐标是( )A .(2022,1)B .(2023,2)C .(2023,0)D .(2022,2)二、填空题(本大题共有6个小题,每小题3分,共18分)11.剧院里3排4号可以用(3,4)表示,则(4,3)表示_______________.12.如图是某幼儿园楼梯的截面图,拟在楼梯上铺设防撞地段,若防撞地毯每平方米售价为40元, 楼梯宽为2米,则幼儿园购买防撞地毯至少需要 元.13.若点M (3,a ﹣2),N (b ,a )关于原点对称,则a +b = .14 = .15.在数轴上表示实数a |a -2|的结果为 .16.有一架秋千,当它静止时,踏板离地垂直高度0.5m DE =,将它往前推送2m(水平距离2m)BC =时,秋千踏板离地的垂直高度 1.5m BF =,秋千的绳索始终拉得很直,则绳索AD 长为 m .三、解答题(本大题共有6个小题,共52分)17.根据平方根、立方根的定义解方程(1)3270x −=(2)()24190x +−=18.如图,已知△ABC 的三个顶点在格点上,网格上最小的正方形的边长为1.(1)点A 关于x 轴的对称点坐标为 ,点B 关于y 轴的对称点坐标为 .(2)作出与△ABC 关于x 轴对称的图形△A 1B 1C 1.(3)求△ABC 的面积.19.计算:(1)+;(2−+;20.若实数m 的平方根是421a +和6a −,b 的立方根是2−,求3m a b ++的算术平方根.21.某校七年级(1)班的小明和小亮学习了“勾股定理”之后,为了测得风筝的垂直高度CE ,他们进行了如下操作:①测得水平距离BD 的长为15米;②根据手中剩余线的长度计算出风筝线BC 的长为25米;③牵线放风筝的小明的身高为1.6米.(1)求风筝的垂直高度CE ;(2)如果小明想风筝沿CD 方向下降12米,则他应该往回收线多少米?22.阅读下列一段文字,然后回答下列问题.已知在平面内两点P 1(x 1,y 1),P 2(x 2,y 2), 其两点间的距离P 1P 2=.两点间距离公式可简化为|x2﹣x1|或|y2﹣y1|.(1)已知A(﹣2,3),B(4,﹣5),试求A、B两点间的距离;(2)已知一个三角形各顶点坐标为A(﹣1,3)、B(0,1)、C(2,2),请判定此三角形的形状,并说明理由.(3)已知A(2,1),在x轴上是否存在一点P,使△OAP为等腰三角形,若存在请直接写出点P的坐标;若不存在请说明理由.北师版八年级数学上册阶段性检测试卷解答卷(10月份月考练习卷)【范围:第一章《勾股定理》、第二章《实数》、第三章《位置与坐标》】一、选择题(本大题共有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分)1.4的算术平方根是( )A .-2B .2C .2± D【答案】B2如图一棵大树在离地面9米高的B 处断裂,树顶A 落在离树底部C 的12米处,则大树断裂之前的高度为( )A .9米B .15米C .21米D .24米【答案】D3.已知实数,x y 满足2(1)0y ++=,则x y −等于( )A .3B .-3C .1D .-1【答案】A4.下列计算正确的是( )A 3=−B 2=±C 4=D 2=【答案】DA .(5,3)B .(-5,3)C .(-3,5)D .(3,-5)【答案】A6.已知△ABC 的三边分别为a 、b 、c ,下列条件中,不能判定△ABC 为直角三角形的是( )A .ABC ∠=∠+∠ B .::a b c =C .::3:4:5A B C ∠∠∠=D .222b a c =+【答案】C7.实数,a b 在数轴上的位置如图所示,化简a −的结果是( )A .2a b −B .aC .2b a −D .a −【答案】B8.有一个数值转换器,流程如下:当输入的x 值为64时,输出的y 值是( )A .4 BC .2D 【答案】B9 .如图,圆柱形玻璃杯高为14cm ,底面周长为32cm ,在杯内壁离杯底5cm 的点B 处有一滴蜂蜜, 此时一只蚂蚁正好在杯外壁,离杯上沿3cm 与蜂蜜相对的点A 处,则蚂蚁从外壁A 处到内壁B 处的最短距离为( )cm (杯壁厚度不计).A .14B .18C .20D .25【答案】C10.如图,动点P 在平面直角坐标系中按图中箭头所示方向运动,第1次从原点运动到点()1,1,第2次接着运动到点()2,0,第3次接着运动到点()3,2,… 按这样的运动规律,经过第2023次运动后,动点P 的坐标是( )A .(2022,1)B .(2023,2)C .(2023,0)D .(2022,2)【答案】B二、填空题(本大题共有6个小题,每小题3分,共18分)11.剧院里3排4号可以用(3,4)表示,则(4,3)表示_______________.【答案】4排3号12.如图是某幼儿园楼梯的截面图,拟在楼梯上铺设防撞地段,若防撞地毯每平方米售价为40元, 楼梯宽为2米,则幼儿园购买防撞地毯至少需要 元.【答案】56013.若点M (3,a ﹣2),N (b ,a )关于原点对称,则a +b = . 【答案】-214 = . 【答案】315.在数轴上表示实数a |a -2|的结果为 .【答案】316.有一架秋千,当它静止时,踏板离地垂直高度0.5m DE =, 将它往前推送2m(水平距离2m)BC =时,秋千踏板离地的垂直高度 1.5m BF =, 秋千的绳索始终拉得很直,则绳索AD 长为 m .【答案】2.5三、解答题(本大题共有6个小题,共52分)17.根据平方根、立方根的定义解方程(1)3270x −=(2)()24190x +−= 解:(1)3270x −=327x ∴=3x ∴=(2)()24190x +−=移项得:()2419x += ()2914x ∴+= 312x ∴+=或31,2x +=− 12x ∴=或5.2x =−18.如图,已知△ABC 的三个顶点在格点上,网格上最小的正方形的边长为1.(1)点A 关于x 轴的对称点坐标为 ,点B 关于y 轴的对称点坐标为 .(3)求△ABC的面积.解:(1)点A关于x轴的对称点坐标为(﹣2,﹣3),点B关于y轴的对称点坐标为(3,2)故答案为:(﹣2,﹣3),(3,2).(2)如图,△A1B1C1即为所求作.(3)S△ABC=4﹣12×1×2﹣12×1×1﹣12×1×2=1.5.19.计算:(1)+;(2−+;解:(1)+−+−+.(2+22 −−(52)=−− 2=−.20.若实数m 的平方根是421a +和6a −,b 的立方根是2−,求3m a b ++的算术平方根. 解:∵实数m 的平方根是421a +和6a −,∴42160a a ++−=, 解得:3a =−.∴69a −=−, ∴2(9)81m =−=. ∵b 的立方根是2−,∴3(2)8b =−=−, ∴3813(3)864m a b ++=+×−−=,∴3m a b ++的算术平方根为8.21.某校七年级(1)班的小明和小亮学习了“勾股定理”之后,为了测得风筝的垂直高度CE ,他们进行了如下操作:①测得水平距离BD 的长为15米;②根据手中剩余线的长度计算出风筝线BC 的长为25米;③牵线放风筝的小明的身高为1.6米.(1)求风筝的垂直高度CE;(2)如果小明想风筝沿CD方向下降12米,则他应该往回收线多少米?解:(1)在Rt△CDB中,由勾股定理得,CD2=BC2-BD2=252-152=400,所以,CD=20(负值舍去),所以,CE=CD+DE=20+1.6=21.6(米),答:风筝的高度CE为21.6米;(2)由题意得,CM=12米,∴DM=8米,∴BM17==(米),∴BC-BM=25-17=8(米),∴他应该往回收线8米.22.阅读下列一段文字,然后回答下列问题.已知在平面内两点P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),其两点间的距离P1P2=.同时,当两点所在的直线在坐标轴或平行于坐标轴或垂直于坐标轴时,两点间距离公式可简化为|x2﹣x1|或|y2﹣y1|.(1)已知A(﹣2,3),B(4,﹣5),试求A、B两点间的距离;(2)已知一个三角形各顶点坐标为A(﹣1,3)、B(0,1)、C(2,2),请判定此三角形的形状,并说明理由.(3)已知A(2,1),在x轴上是否存在一点P,使△OAP为等腰三角形,若存在请直接写出点P的坐标;若不存在请说明理由.解:(1)∵A(﹣2,3),B(4,﹣5),∴AB==10;(2)直角三角形,理由如下:∵A(﹣1,3)、B(0,1)、C(2,2),AC==,BC==,∴AB2+BC2=AC2,∴△ABC是直角三角形;(3)存在,∵A(2,1),∴OA==,当AO=OP=时,P()或(﹣,0),当AO=AP时,过点A作AD⊥x轴于D,∴OD=DP=2,∴P(4,0),当PA=PO时,设PA=PO=x,则PD=2﹣x,∵AP2=AD2+PD2,222∴x=,∴P(),综上,P()或(﹣,0)或(4,0)或(,0)。
浙江省宁波市2023—2024学年八年级上学期期末阶段性评估英语检测试卷(有答案)
A. Eight in the morning.B. Two in the afternoon.C. Six in the evening.Ⅲ. 听下面短文, 回答问题。
(5分)11. Who is most probably the speaker?A. A teacher.B. A parent.C. A guest.12. Which event is the speaker talking about?A. The sports meeting.B. The art festival.C. The coming exam.13. How many students do they need at least to take part in the group dancing?A. 8B. 16C. 1814. When do they have to hand in the name list?A. Before next Wednesday.B. Before next Thursday.C. Before next Friday.15. What is the most important about the event for students according to the speaker?A. To get a good prize.B. To relax and have fun.C. To save much time.试卷II笔试(共85分)Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Having said goodbye to his parents, Alvin, with his wife Clare and son Alax set off back home. Still 16 , the couple talked happily. Little Alax, who is one year old,17 from time to time. The family were enjoying from the trip.But about three 18 later, things began to change. It was starting to snow. Alvin sped up the car, 19 to arrive home before dark. But it was too dangerous to drive 20 now. Because it was snowing more and more heavily. So Alvin had to slow down. The snow on the highway was getting deeper and deeper 21 it was hard to drive on it. Their car slipped (滑落) off the way and got stuck in the deep snow and the engine refused to start again.“The snow doesn’t seem to 22 . Shall we stay in the car waiting to be frozen to death or walk ahead through the snow?” Alvin asked. Clare said she preferred(更喜欢) to walk. So they 23 of the car with their son and began walking. But 24 was to come. Soon they lost their way and had to walk aimlessly(无目的地) on and on.25 came. They were not afraid of the dark.But they were 26 that poor Alax31. What TV shows does David like?A. Sitcoms.B. Cartoons. C News. D. Sports shows.32. What does John say about news?A. He can get much information from it.B. He thinks it is boring.C. He thinks it is exciting.D. He watches it when he is sad.33. Which of the following statements is true?A. Maria hardly laughs when she watches cartoons.B. John thinks sports shows are too serious.C. David feels excited when his favorite team wins.D. Both Maria and John like sitcoms.BNote-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork. It can make you confident when you are studying. Unluckily, many students don’t know how to take notes. Here are some ways to take notes.Write down key facts. If your teacher writes notes on the blackboard, that’s great. You can copy them or write down the most important facts in class. Different teachers do things differently. Some teachers may focus on lots of dates and facts in class, but they only write the important ones on the blackboard. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may say something important over and over again.Ask. Don’t be afraid to ask your teacher to repeat what you miss. If your teacher speaks too fast and you can’t follow what he or she is saying, you can ask him or her after class.Compare. Comparing your notes with your classmates’ can be good for your learning. It can also help you and your classmates correct some mistakes.Organize. Note-taking also needs organization. Keep notes for each subject in one notebook, so that you can find everything easily when a test comes.34. How many ways of taking notes are mentioned?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.35. What should you write down in your notebook in class?A. Every word.B. The most important facts.C. Lots of dates.D. Most of the things you hear.36. Which way can help you correct mistakes in your notes?A. Organizing the notes.B. Asking your teachers for help.C. Recopying your notes after class.D. Comparing your notes with others’.37. What is the best title for the passage?A. How to take notes.B. How to study for a test.C. How to ask teachers for help.D. How to correct some mistakes.CA new study from Harvard University shows that female(女性的) doctors are a little better than their male colleagues(同事), but get paid less. Researchers looked at more than three million medical records. Around half of these (1.5 million) were hospitalizations(住院治疗), and the other half were for readmissions (再住院). The percentage of hospital patients who had to return to hospital, or who died, was lower(低的) if the doctor was female. Mortality rates (the number of people who died) were 15.02 percent and readmission rates were 11.07 percent for female doctors, compared(对比) with 15.57 percent mortality and 11.49 percent readmission rates for patients of male doctors.The researchers did not give a reason why women provided(提供) better care for patients than men.However, researcher Dr. Ashish Jha said that more patients may be saved in the USA every yearHe also said that it was wrong that men got paid more than women, especially because female doctorsdo better than male doctors.38. What does a new study from Harvard University show?A. It shows men doctors provide better care for patients than women doctors.B. It shows women doctors get paid more than men doctors.C. It shows women doctors are more welcomed by patients.D. It shows women doctors can do better in their work than their men colleagues.39. What were the morality rates in the medical records if the doctor was male?A. 15.02 percentB. 11.07 percentC. 15.57 percentD. 11.49 percent40. In Dr. Jha’s opinion, ______________________.A. It’s not right that men get paid more than womenB. men will be able to do as well as women in the near futureC. men doctors treat patients more nicely than women doctorsD. it is not suitable(合适的) for men to be doctors41. Which of the following sentences can be best put in in paragraph 2?A. if male doctors could do as well as female doctorsB. if there are more male doctors than female doctorsC. if female doctors are careful enoughD. if male doctors get paid moreDI asked my dad if I had ever made him cry because I couldn’t remember seeing him cry.“There was once,” he said.He told me that when I was one, he put a pen, a piece of paper money, and a toy in front of me.He wanted to see which one I would pick. It is a Chinese tradition and a lot of Chinese people dothat for their kids when they are one year old. According to this tradition, what the kid picksshows what he or she will value most when he or she grows up. If the kid takes the pen, .If the kid takes the money, . If the kid takes the toy, .My father was just doing it out of curiosity. It was interesting for him to see which one I’dpick. He said that I just sat there and stared at the three things. He sat across from me and waitedto see the results.According to him, I moved toward him and he held his breath. Then I pushed everythingaside and went right into his arms. He was completely shocked because he did not realize he wasone of the choices. And that was the first and only time I made him cry.42. Which is the right order of the missing sentences in the third paragraph?a. it means he or she will value money and become richb. it means he or she will be a smart personc. it means he or she will like fun things and play a lotA. abcB. acbC. bacD. cba43. Why did the father offer the three things for the child to pick ?A. To give the child some birthday presents.B. To test if the kid was healthy or not.C. To hope the child will become rich in the future.D. To do it out of curiosity and for fun.44. What did the writer choose at last?A. The pen.B. The paper money.C. The toy.D. His father.45. How did the father feel after his child made the choice?A. Angry.B. Moved.C. Interested.D. Upset.Ⅵ、任务型阅读(本题有5小题,每小题1分;共计5分)朋友是人生宝贵的财富,下面一些建议能帮助你交到朋友,请从以下选项中选出符合各段意思的小标题,其中有一项为多余选项,并完成第50题。
2023第一次月考(阶段性测试)模拟测试卷(考试版)
2022-2023学年八年级下学期第一次月考模拟测试卷(考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:120分)测试范围:八年级下册第1-2单元第Ⅰ卷选择题一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题3分,共36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的).1.要使二次根式有意义,x的取值范围是()A.x≠1B.x≥1C.x≤1D.x>﹣12.下列二次根式中,最简二次根式是()A.B.C.D.3.下列各组数中,不能作为直角三角形的三边长的是()A.0.3,0.4,0.5B.8,9,10C.7,24,25D.9,12,154.下列二次根式中能与2合并的是()A.B.C.D.5.若直角三角形的两条直角边长分别为3cm、4cm,则斜边上的高为()A.cm B.cm C.5cm D.cm6.在下列说法中是错误的()A.若∠C=∠A一∠B,则△ABC为直角三角形B.若a:b:c=2:2:2,则△ABC为直角三角形C.若a=c,b=c,则△ABC为直角三角形D.若∠A:∠B:∠C=3:4:5,则△ABC为直角三角形7.如图是一张直角三角形的纸片,两直角边AC=6cm、BC=8cm,现将△ABC折叠,使点B 与点A重合,折痕为DE,则BE的长为()A.4cm B.5cm C.6cm D.10cm8.如图,所有的四边形都是正方形,所有的三角形都是直角三角形,其中最大的正方形的边长为10cm,正方形A的边长为6cm、B的边长为5cm、C的边长为5cm,则正方形D的边长为()A.cm B.4 cm C.cm D.3 cm9.已知a>b,化简二次根式的正确结果是()A.﹣a B.﹣a C.a D.a10.如图,数轴上的点A表示的数是﹣1,点B表示的数是1,CB⊥AB于点B,且BC=2,以点A为圆心,AC为半径画弧交数轴于点D,则点D表示的数为()A.2﹣1B.2C.2.8D.2+111.如图,透明的圆柱形容器(容器厚度忽略不计)的高为12cm,底面周长为10cm,在容器内壁离容器底部3cm的点B处有一饭粒,此时一只蚂蚁正好在容器外壁,且离容器上沿3cm 的点A处,则蚂蚁吃到饭粒需爬行的最短路径是()A.cm B.13cm C.cm D.cm12.2002年8月在北京召开的国际数学大会会标取材于我国古代数学家赵爽的《勾股圆方图》,它是由四个全等的直角三角形与中间的小正方形拼成的一个大正方形(如图),如果大正方形的面积是13,小正方形的面积是1,直角三角形较短的直角边为a,较长的直角边为b,那么(a+b)2的值为()A.13B.19C.25D.169第Ⅱ卷非选择题部分二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每空3分,共18分)13.=.14.如果一个直角三角形的三条边的长度为6,8,a,则a=.15.是整数,则正整数n的最小值是.16.如图,有两棵树,一棵高12米,另一棵高6米,两树相距8米,一只鸟从一棵树的树梢飞到另一棵树的树梢,问小鸟至少飞行米.17.如图,已知在长方形ABCD中,将△ABE沿着AE折叠至△AEF的位置,点F在对角线AC上,若BE=3,EC=5,则线段CD的长是.18.如图是我国古代著名的“赵爽弦图”的示意图,它是由四个全等的直角三角形围成的,AC =3,BC=2,将四个直角三角形中边长为3的直角边分别向外延长一倍,得到图2所示的“数学风车”,则这个风车的外围周长(图中实线部分)是.三、简答题(本大题共8小题,共66分)19.(8分)计算:(1);(2).20.(6分)先化简,再求值:(1﹣)÷,其中a=+1,b=﹣1.21.(6分)如图,某港口P位于东西方向的海岸线上.“远航”号、“海天”号轮船同时离开港口,各自沿一固定方向航行,“远航”号每小时航行16海里,“海天”号每小时航行12海里.它们离开港口一个半小时后分别位于Q、R处,且相距30海里.如果知道“远航”号沿北偏东50°方向航行,则“海天”号沿哪个方向航行?22.(8分)如图:在四边形ABCD中,∠ABC=90°,AB=3,BC=4,CD=12,AD=13,求四边形ABCD的面积.23.(8分)如图,在一条东西走向河流的一侧有一村庄C,河边原有两个取水点A、B,其中AB=AC,由于某种原因,由C到A的路现在已经不通,该村庄为方便村民取水,决定在河边新建一个取水点H(A、B、H在同一直线上),并新建一条路CH,测得CB=千米,CH=3千米,HB=2千米.(1)CH是不是从村庄C到河边的最近路?请通过计算加以说明;(2)求新路CH比原路CA短多少千米?24.(10分)中国古代数学家们对于勾股定理的发现和证明,在世界数学史上具有独特的贡献和地位,体现了数学研究中的继承和发展,现用4个全等的直角三角形拼成如图所示“弦图”.Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°.AC=b,BC=a,AB=c,请你利用这个图形解决下列问题:(1)试说明:a2+b2=c2;(2)如果大正方形的面积是13,小正方形的面积是3,求(a+b)2的值.25.(10分)先阅读下列的解答过程,然后作答:形如的化简,只要我们找到两个数a,b使a+b=m,ab=n,这样()2+()2=m,•=,那么便有==±(a>b),例如:化简.解:首先把化为,这里m=7,n=12;由于4+3=7,4×3=12,即()2+()2=7,•=,∴===2+.由上述例题的方法化简:(1);(2);(3).26.(10分)如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,AD⊥BC于点D,∠CBE=45°,BE分别交AC,AD于点E、F.(1)如图1,若AB=13,BC=10,求AF的长度;(2)如图2,若AF=BC,求证:BF2+EF2=AE2.。
八年级数学第一次月考阶段性测试(考试范围:苏科版第1-2章,培优卷) (解析版)
八年级数学第一次月考阶段性测试(江苏专用,10月份培优卷)班级:____________姓名:____________得分:____________注意事项:本试卷满分120分,试题共26题,其中选择6道、填空10道、解答10道.答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级等信息填写在试卷规定的位置.一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每小题2分,共12分)在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·阶段练习)下列图形中,不是轴对称图形是()A. B. C. D.【答案】C【分析】此题考查了轴对称图形的概念,根据概念逐一判断即可,如果一个图形沿一条直线折叠,直线两旁的部分能够互相重合,这个图形叫做轴对称图形,这条直线叫做对称轴,这时,我们也可以说这个图形关于这条直线(成轴)对称,熟练掌握知识点是解题的关键.【详解】A、是轴对称图形,故本选项不符合题意;B、是轴对称图形,故本选项不符合题意;C、不是轴对称图形,故本选项符合题意;D、是轴对称图形,故本选项不符合题意;故选:C.2.(24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)下列说法中,正确说法的个数有()①三个角对应相等的两个三角形全等;②等腰三角形至少有1条对称轴,至多有3条对称轴;③关于某直线对称的两个三角形一定是全等三角形;④一个锐角和一条边相等的两个直角三角形全等.A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个【答案】B【分析】本题主要考查了全等三角形的判定,等腰三角形的性质以及轴对称图形的性质,根据全等三角形的判定,等腰三角形的性质以及轴对称的图形的性质一一判断即可.【详解】解:三个角对应相等的两个三角形不能判定两个三角形全等,故①错误,等腰三角形至少有1条对称轴(等腰三角形有1条对称轴),至多有3条对称轴(等边三角形有3条对称轴),故②正确;关于某直线对称的两个三角形一定是全等三角形,故③正确;一个锐角和一条边相等的两个直角三角形不一定全等,故④错误.综上,正确说法的有②,③故选:B.3.(23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期中)如图,点B、C、D共线,AC=BE,AC⊥BE,∠ABC=∠D=90°,AB=13,DE=6,则CD的长是()A.7B.8C.9D.10【答案】A【分析】本题主要考查了全等三角形的性质和判定,利用AAS证明△ABC≌△BDE是解题的关键.先证明△ABC≌△BDE可得BC=DE=6,AB=BD=13,然后根据线段的和差即可解答.【详解】解:∵AC⊥BE,∠ABC=∠D=90°,∴∠A+∠ABE=∠ABE+∠EBD=90°,∴∠A=∠EBD,在△ABC与△BDE中,∠ABC=∠BDE=90°,∠A=∠EBD,AC=BE,∴△ABC≌△BDE AAS,∴BC=DE=6,AB=BD=13,∴CD=BD-BC=13-6=7.故选:A.4.(23-24八年级上·山东临沂·期中)如图,已知等边三角形ABC,点D为线段BC上一点,△ADC沿AD折叠得△ADE,连接BE,若∠ADB=70°,则∠DBE的度数是()A.10°B.20°C.30°D.40°【答案】A【分析】本题考查了折叠的性质,等腰及等边三角形的性质、三角形内角和定理,等边三角形的三个内角都相等,且都等于60°.由折叠性质可得△ADC≌△ADE得到AC=AE,∠CAD=∠EAD,再求出∠BAE,利用等腰三角形的性质和三角形内角和即可求出∠DBE的度数,熟记三角形相关几何性质是解决问题的关键.【详解】解:∵等边△ABC,∴∠C=∠ABC=∠BAC=60°,AC=AB,∵∠ADB=70°,∠ADB=∠C+∠CAD,∴∠CAD=10°,由折叠性质可得△ADC≌△ADE,∴AC=AE,∠CAD=∠EAD=10°,∴∠BAE=∠BAC-∠CAD-∠EAD=40°,∵AB=AE,∴∠AEB =∠ABE =180°-∠BAE 2=180°-40°2=70°,∴∠DBE =∠ABE -∠ABC =70°-60°=10°,故答案为:A .5.(2024八年级上·江苏·专题练习)在△ABC 中,AB =AC ,AB 的垂直平分线与AC 所在直线的夹角为50°,则这个等腰三角形的顶角为()A.40°B.50°C.40°或140°D.50°或130°【答案】C【分析】本题考查了等腰三角形的性质及三角形内角和定理,分类讨论是正确解答本题的关键.根据题意分两种情况,当△ABC 是锐角三角形时,当△ABC 是钝角三角形时,讨论求解即可;【详解】解:分两种情况:当△ABC 是锐角三角形时,如图:∵DE 是AB 的垂直平分线,∴∠ADE =90°,∵∠AED =50°,∴∠A =90°-∠AED =40°;当△ABC 是钝角三角形时,如图:∵DE 是AB 的垂直平分线,∴∠ADE =90°,∵∠AED =50°,∴∠DAE =90°-∠AED =40°,∴∠DAC =180°-∠DAE =140°;综上所述:这个等腰三角形的顶角为40°或140°,故选:C .6.(22-23八年级上·湖南株洲·期末)如图,AB =6cm ,AC =BD =4cm ,∠CAB =∠DBA =60°,点P 在线段AB 上以1cm/s 的速度由点A 向点B 运动,同时,点Q 在线段BD 上由点B 向点D 运动,它们运动的时间为t s ,当点Q 的运动速度为( )cm/s 时,在某一时刻,A 、C 、P 三点构成的三角形与B 、P 、Q 三点构成的三角形全等.A.1或43B.1或45C.2或43D.1【答案】A【分析】本题考查了全等三角形的判定的应用,一元一次方程的应用,设点Q 的运动速度是xcm /s ,有两种情况:①AP =BP ,AC =BQ ,②AP =BQ ,AC =BP ,列出方程,求出方程的解即可,采用分类讨论的思想是解此题的关键.【详解】解:设点Q 的运动速度是xcm /s ,∵∠CAB =∠DBA =60°,∴A、C、P三点构成的三角形与B、P、Q三点构成的三角形全等,有两种情况:①AP=BP,AC=BQ,则1×t=6-1×t,解得:t=3,则4=3x,解得:x=4 3;②AP=BQ,AC=BP,则1×t=tx,6-1×t=4,解得:t=2,x=1,故选:A.二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)请把答案直接填写在横线上7.(22-23八年级上·江苏南京·阶段练习)如图,小明不小心把一块三角形的玻璃摔成三块碎片,现要带其中一块去配出与原来完全一样的玻璃,正确的办法是带第③块去配,其全等的依据是.(可以用字母简写)【答案】ASA【分析】本题考查全等三角形的判定,根据第③块玻璃的特点可知:有2个角以及两角的夹边是确定,利用ASA即可判定三角形全等.【详解】解:由图可知:第③块玻璃有2个角以及两角的夹边确定,只能得到唯一确定的三角形,即利用ASA 可判定三角形全等.故答案为:ASA8.(22-23八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)如图,已知AC=FE,BC=DE,点A,D,B,F在一条直线上,要使得△ABC≌△FDE,还要添加一个条件,这个条件可以是(只需填写一个即可).【答案】∠C=∠E(答案不唯一)【分析】本题考查的是添加条件判定三角形全等,本题先分析已有条件AC=FE,BC=DE,再根据SAS可添加夹角相等或第三边相等即可判定三角形全等;熟记三角形全等的判定方法是解本题的关键.【详解】解:增加一个条件:∠C=∠E,在△ABC和△FDE中,AC=FE∠C=∠EBC=DE,∴△ABC≌△FDE SAS,故答案为:∠C=∠E(答案不唯一).9.(2024八年级上·全国·专题练习)如图,△AOD≌△BOC,∠A=30°,∠C=50°,∠AOC=145°,则∠COD=.【答案】45°/45度【分析】本题主要考查了全等三角形的性质,三角形内角和定理,有全等三角形的性质可得出∠D=∠C= 50°,再利用三角形内角和定理可得出∠AOD=100°,最后再根据角的和差关系即可得出答案.【详解】解:∵△AOD≌△BOC,∠C=50°,∴∠D=∠C=50°,∵∠A=30°,∴∠AOD=180°-∠A-∠D=180°-30°-50°=100°,∵∠AOC=145°,∴∠COD=∠AOC-∠AOD=145°-100°=45°,故答案为:45°.10.(22-23八年级上·广东韶关·期末)如图,在△ABC中,∠C=90°,BD平分∠ABC,若CD=3cm,则点D到AB的距离为cm.【答案】3【分析】本题考查了角平分线上的点到角的两边的距离相等的性质,熟记性质是解题的关键,过点D作DE ⊥AB于E,根据角平分线性质得到DE=CD,即可得到答案.【详解】解:如图,过点D作DE⊥AB于E,∵∠C=90°,BD平分∠ABC,∴DE=CD,∵CD=3cm,∴DE=3cm,即点D到AB的距离为3cm.故答案为:3.11.(22-23八年级上·江苏南通·阶段练习)如图,在等边△ABC中,BD平分∠ABC,BD=BF,则∠CDF的度数是度.【答案】15【分析】本题主要考查了等边三角形的性质,等边对等角,三角形内角和定理,先由三线合一定理得到BD ⊥AC ,∠CBD =12∠ABC =30°,再由等边对等角得到∠BDF =∠BFD =180°-∠DBF 2=75°,则∠CDF =∠CDB -∠BDF =15°.【详解】解:∵在等边△ABC 中,BD 平分∠ABC ,∴BD ⊥AC ,∠CBD =12∠ABC =30°,∴∠BDC =90°,∵BD =BF ,∴∠BDF =∠BFD =180°-∠DBF 2=75°,∴∠CDF =∠CDB -∠BDF =15°,故答案为:15.12.(19-20八年级上·河北唐山·期中)如图,在网格图中选择一个格子涂阴影,使得整个图形是以虚线为对称轴的轴对称图形,则把阴影涂在图中标有数字的格子内.【答案】3【分析】本题考查了轴对称图形的性质,根据轴对称的定义,沿着虚线进行翻折后能够重合,所以阴影应该涂在标有数字3的格子内.【详解】解:根据轴对称的定义,沿着虚线进行翻折后能够重合,∴根据题意,阴影应该涂在标有数字3的格子内;故答案为:3.13.(24-25八年级上·江苏镇江·阶段练习)如图,AD 垂直平分BC 于点D ,EF 垂直平分AB 于点F ,点E 在AC 上,BE +CE =20cm ,则AB =.【答案】20cm/20厘米【分析】本题考查了线段垂直平分线的性质,根据线段垂直平分线的性质得出AE=BE,AB=AC,求出AC =20cm即可.【详解】∵EF垂直平分AB于点F,∴AE=BE,∵BE+CE=20cm,∴AE+CE=20cm,即AC=20cm,∵AD垂直平分BC于点D,∴AB=AC=20cm,故答案为:20cm.14.(2024八年级上·江苏·专题练习)如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∠B-∠A=10°,D是AB上一点,将△ACD沿CD翻折后得到△CED,边CE交AB于点F.若△DEF是直角三角形,则∠ACD=.【答案】25°或5°【分析】本题主要考查了三角形内角和定理,图形的折叠,利用分类讨论思想解答是解题的关键.先求出∠A =40°,∠B=50°,再根据折叠的性质可得∠E=∠A=40°,∠ACD=∠ECD,然后分两种情况讨论:当∠DFE=90°时,当∠EDF=90°时,结合三角形内角和定理,即可求解.【详解】解:∵在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∴∠A+∠B=90°,又∵∠B-∠A=10°,∴∠A=40°,∠B=50°,由折叠的性质得:∠E=∠A=40°,∠ACD=∠ECD,当∠DFE=90°时,则∠CFB=90°,∴∠BCF=90°-∠B=40°,∴∠ACE=∠ACB-∠BCF=50°,∠ACE=25°;∴∠ACD=12当∠EDF=90°时,∵∠E=40°,∴∠CFB=∠DFE=50°,∴∠BCF=180°-∠CFB-∠B=80°,∴∠ACE=∠ACB-∠BCF=10°,∠ACE=5°;∴∠ACD=12综上所述,∠ACD度数为25°或5°.故答案为:25°或5°.15.(23-24八年级·江苏南通·阶段练习)如图,在∠AOB的内部有一点P,点M、N分别是点P关于OA,OB的对称点,MN分别交OA,OB于C,D点,若△PCD的周长为30cm,则线段MN的长为cm.【答案】30【分析】本题考查轴对称的性质,对称轴上的任何一点到两个对应点之间的距离相等.利用对称性得到CM =PC,DN=PD,把求MN的长转化成△PCD的周长,问题得解.【详解】解:∵点P关于OA、OB的对称点分别为C、D,∴MC=PC,ND=PD,∴MN=CM+CD+ND=PC+CD+PD=30cm.故答案为:30.16.(23-24八年级·江苏无锡·阶段练习)如图,已知点P(2m-1,6m-5)在第一象限角平分线OC上,一直角顶点P在OC上,角两边与x轴y轴分别交于A点,B点,则:(1)点P的坐标为;(2)OA+BO=.【答案】(1,1)2【分析】(1)作PE⊥y轴于E,PF⊥x轴于F,由角平分线的性质得出PE=PF,得出方程2m-1=6m-5,解方程求出m=1,即可得出P点坐标;(2)由ASA 证明ΔBEP ≅ΔAFP ,得出BE =AF ,则OA +OB =OE +OF =2.【详解】解:(1)作PE ⊥y 轴于E ,PF ⊥x 轴于F ,如图所示:根据题意得:PE =PF ,∴2m -1=6m -5,∴m =1,∴P (1,1),故答案为(1,1);(2)由(1)得:∠EPF =90°,∵∠BP A =90°,PE =PF =1,∴∠EPB =∠FP A ,在ΔBEP 和ΔAFP 中,∠PEB =∠PFA =90°PE =PF ∠EPB =∠FP A,∴ΔBEP ≅ΔAFP (ASA ),∴BE =AF ,∴OA +OB =OF +AF +OE -BE =OF +OE ,∵P (1,1),∴OE =OF =1,∴OA +OB =2.故答案为2.【点睛】本题考查了全等三角形的判定与性质、坐标与图形性质、角平分线的性质等知识点;证明三角形全等是解决问题(2)的关键.三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共88分.解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·阶段练习)已知如图,四边形ABCD 中,AB =BC ,∠A =∠C ,求证:AD=CD.【答案】见解析【分析】本题考查了等腰三角形的判定方法,即:如果一个三角形有两个角相等,那么这两个角所对的边也相等.连接AC ,使这个四边形变成两个三角形,然后利用等腰三角形的性质,可得AD =CD .【详解】证明:连接AC ,∵△ABC 中,AB =BC ,∴∠BCA =∠BAC .又∵∠BAD =∠BCD ,∠BCD =∠BCA +∠ACD ,∠BAD =∠BAC +∠CAD ;∴∠CAD =∠ACD .∴AD =CD (等角对等边).18.(23-24八年级上·江苏常州·阶段练习)尺规作图:如图,A 是∠MON 的边ON 上的一点,利用直尺和圆规过点A 分别作OM 、ON 的垂线(不写作法,保留作图痕迹).【答案】作图见解析【分析】此题主要考查了基本尺规作图,熟练掌握过直线外一点作已知直线的垂线和过直线上一点作已知直线的垂线的方法和步骤是解决问题的关键.分别利用尺规过直线外一点作已知直线的垂线和过直线上一点作已知直线的垂线即可.【详解】解:(1)过点A 作OM 的垂线,作法如下:①在∠MON 所在的平面内取一点K ,使点K 与点A 在OM 的两侧,②以点A 为圆心,以AK 为半径画弧交OM 于B ,C ;③分别以点B ,C 为圆心,以大于12BC 的长为半径画弧,两弧交于点D ;④过点A ,D 作直线AD 即为所求,如图所示:(2)过点A 作ON 的垂线,作法如下:①以点A 为圆心,以适当的长为半径画弧交ON 于点E ,F ;②分别以点E ,F 为圆心,以大于12EF 的长为半径画弧,两弧交于点H ;③过点A ,H 作直线AH 即为所求,如图所示.19.(23-24八年级上·全国·单元测试)如图,在所给网格图(每小格均为边长是1的正方形)中完成下列各题:(1)画出格点△ABC (顶点均在格点上)关于直线DE 对称的△A 1B 1C 1.(2)在DE 上画出点P ,使PB +PC 的值最小.【答案】(1)见解析(2)见解析【分析】本题考查作图-应用与设计作图,轴对称最短问题等知识,解题的关键是正确作出图形,灵活运用所学知识解决问题.(1)利用轴对称变换的性质分别作出A ,B ,C 都是对应点A 1,B 1,C 1即可;(2)连接BC 1交直线DE 于点P ,连接PC ,点P 即为所求.【详解】(1)解:如图,△A 1B 1C 1即为所求;(2)解:如图点P 即为所求.20.(24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)如图,在△ABC 中,点E 是BC 边上的一点,连接AE ,BD 垂直平分AE ,垂足为F ,交AC 于点D .连接DE .(1)若△ABC 的周长为19,△DEC 的周长为7,求AB 的长;(2)若∠ABC =30°,∠C =45°,求∠EAC 的度数.【答案】(1)AB =6(2)30°【分析】本题考查的是线段的垂直平分线的性质,等边对等角,三角形的内角和定理的应用,三角形的外角的性质,掌握以上基础知识是解本题的关键.(1)先证明AB =BE ,AD =DE ,结合△ABC 的周长为19,△DEC 的周长为7,可得AB +BE =19-7=12,从而可得答案;(2)先求解∠BAC =180°-30°-45°=105°,然后利用等边对等角和三角形内角和定理得到∠BAE =∠BEA =12180°-∠ABC =75°,进而求解即可.【详解】(1)解:∵BD 是线段AE 的垂直平分线,∴AB =BE ,AD =DE ,∵△ABC 的周长为19,△DEC 的周长为7,∴AB +BE +CE +CD +AD =19,CD +EC +DE =CD +CE +AD =7,∴AB +BE =19-7=12,∴AB =BE =6;(2)解:∵∠ABC =30°,∠C =45°,∴∠BAC =180°-30°-45°=105°,∵AB =BE∴∠BAE=∠BEA=12180°-∠ABC=75°∴∠EAC=∠BAC-∠BAE=30°.21.(23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·阶段练习)如图甲,已知在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC,直线MN经过点C,且AD⊥MN于D,BE⊥MN于E.(1)说明△ADC≌△CEB.(2)说明AD+BE=DE.(3)已知条件不变,将直线MN绕点C旋转到图乙的位置时,若DE=3、AD=5.5,则BE=.【答案】(1)见解析(2)见解析(3)2【分析】本题考查了全等三角形的判定与性质,垂线的定义,直角三角形的性质,熟练掌握以上知识点并灵活运用是解此题的关键.(1)由垂线的定义得出∠ADC=∠CEB=90°,再由同角的余角相等得出∠BCE=∠CAD,最后利用AAS证明△ADC≌△CEB即可;(2)由全等三角形的性质可得AD=CE,BE=CD,即可得证;(3)由垂线的定义得出∠ADC=∠CEB=90°,再由同角的余角相等得出∠BCE=∠CAD,最后利用AAS证明△ADC≌△CEB,得出CE=AD=5.5,BE=CD,即可得解.【详解】(1)证明:∵AD⊥MN于D,BE⊥MN于E.∴∠ADC=∠CEB=90°,∴∠DAC+∠ACD=90°,∵∠ACB=90°,∴∠BCE+∠ACD=90°,∴∠BCE=∠CAD,∵AC=BC,∴△ADC≌△CEB AAS;(2)证明:∵△ADC≌△CEB,∴AD=CE,BE=CD,∴AD+BE=CE+CD=DE;(3)证明:∵AD⊥MN于D,BE⊥MN于E.∴∠ADC=∠CEB=90°,∴∠DAC+∠ACD=90°,∵∠ACB=90°,∴∠BCE+∠ACD=90°,∴∠BCE=∠CAD,∵AC=BC,∴△ADC≌△CEB AAS,∴CE=AD=5.5,BE=CD,∴BE=CD=CE-DE=5.5-3=2,故答案为:2.22.(2022八年级上·全国·专题练习)如图,在△ABC中,点E在AB上,点D在BC上,BD=BE,∠BAD=∠BCE,AD与CE相交于点F.(1)证明:BA=BC;(2)求证:△AFC为等腰三角形.【答案】(1)证明过程见解答(2)证明过程见解答【分析】本题主要考查全等三角形的判定与性质,等腰三角形的性质与判定.(1)利用AAS证明△ABD≌△CBE可证得答案;(2)由(1)易得∠BAC=∠BCA,进而可求得∠FAC=∠FCA,即可证明结论.【详解】(1)证明:在△ABD和△CBE中,∠BAD=∠BCE∠B=∠BBD=BE,∴△ABD≌△CBE AAS,∴BA=BC;(2)证明:∵BA=BC,∴∠BAC=∠BCA,∵∠BAD=∠BCE,∴∠FAC=∠FCA,∴FA=FC,∴△AFC为等腰三角形.23.(2024八年级上·全国·专题练习)已知在△ABC中,AB=AC,点D是边AB上一点,∠BCD=∠A.(1)如图1,试说明CD=CB的理由;(2)如图2,过点B作BE⊥AC,垂足为点E,BE与CD相交于点F.①试说明∠BCD=2∠CBE的理由;②如果△BDF是等腰三角形,求∠A的度数.【答案】(1)见解析(2)①见解析;②45°或36°【分析】本题考查等腰三角形的判定及性质,三角形的内角和定理及外角的性质,结合图形分情况讨论是解决问题的关键.(1)根据等腰三角形的性质可得∠ABC=∠ACB,再利用三角形的外角性质可得∠BDC=∠A+∠ACD,从而可得∠BDC=∠ACB,然后根据等量代换可得∠ABC=∠BDC.再根据等角对等边可得CD=CB,即可解答;(2)①根据垂直定义可得∠BEC=90°,从而可得∠CBE+∠ACB=90°,然后设∠CBE=α,则∠ACB=90°-α,利用(1)的结论可得∠ACB=∠ABC=∠BDC=90°-α,最后利用三角形内角和定理可得∠BCD=2α,即可解答;②根据三角形的外角性质可得∠BFD=3α,然后分三种情况:当BD=BF时;当DB=DF时;当FB=FD 时;分别进行计算即可解答.【详解】(1)解:∵AB=AC,∴∠ABC=∠ACB,∵∠BDC是△ADC的一个外角,∴∠BDC=∠A+∠ACD,∵∠ACB=∠BCD+∠ACD,∠BCD=∠A,∴∠BDC=∠ACB,∴∠ABC=∠BDC.∴CD=CB;(2)解:①∵BE⊥AC,∴∠BEC=90°,∴∠CBE+∠ACB=90°,设∠CBE=α,则∠ACB=90°-α,∴∠ACB=∠ABC=∠BDC=90°-α,∴∠BCD=180°-∠BDC-∠ABC=180°-90°-α=2α,-90°-α∴∠BCD=2∠CBE;②∵∠BFD是△CBF的一个外角,∴∠BFD=∠CBE+∠BCD=α+2α=3α,分三种情况:当BD=BF时,∴∠BDC =∠BFD =3α,∵∠ACB =∠ABC =∠BDC =90°-α,∴90°-α=3α,∴α=22.5°,∴∠A =∠BCD =2α=45°;当DB =DF 时,∴∠DBE =∠BFD =3α,∵∠DBE =∠ABC -∠CBE =90°-α-α=90°-2α,∴90°-2α=3α,∴α=18°,∴∠A =∠BCD =2α=36°;当FB =FD 时,∴∠DBE =∠BDF ,∵∠BDF =∠ABC >∠DBF ,∴不存在FB =FD ,综上所述:如果△BDF 是等腰三角形,∠A 的度数为45°或36°.24.(24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习)已知:△ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,AC =CB ,D 为直线BC 上一动点,连接AD ,在直线AC 右侧作AE ⊥AD ,且AE =AD .(1)如图1,当点D 在线段BC 上时,过点E 作EH ⊥AC 于H ,连接DE ,求证:EH =AC ;(2)如图2,当点D 在线段BC 的延长线上时,连接BE 交CA 的延长线于点M .求证:BM =EM ;(3)当点D 在直线CB 上时,连接BE 交直线AC 于M ,若AC =4CM ,请直接写出S △ADB S △AEM的值.【答案】(1)见解析(2)见解析(3)25或23【分析】(1)由结合已知得∠EAH =∠ADC ,结合题意证△EAH ≌△ADC (AAS ),利用全等的性质可证;(2)如图2,过点E 作EN ⊥AM ,由垂直得结合已知证△ANE ≌△DCA (AAS ),得到EN =AC ,BC =NE ,再证△BCM ≌△ENM (AAS )即可得到结果;(3)作EG ⊥AM 交AM 的延长线于点G ,先证明△AGE ≌△DCA ,得AG =DC ,EG =AC =BC ,所以CG =DB ,可证明△EGM ≌△BCM ,得GM =CM ,再分两点情况,一是点D 在CB 的延长线上,设AC =4a ,则CM =a ,AM =5a ,CD =6a ,BD =2a ,可求得S △ADM S △AEM =25;二是点D 在线段BC 上,设CM =GM =n ,则BD =CG =2n ,则GE =AC =4CM =4n ,AM =3CM =3n ,于是得S △ADM S △AEM=23.【详解】(1)证明:∵AE ⊥AD ,EH ⊥AC ,∴∠AHE =∠EAD =∠ACB =90°,∴∠DAC +∠ADC =90°,∠DAC +∠EAH =90°,∴∠EAH =∠ADC ,又∵AE =AD ,∠AHE =∠ACD =90°,∴△EAH ≌△ADC (AAS ),∴EH =AC ;(2)证明:如图2,过点E 作EN ⊥AM ,∵AE ⊥AD ,EN ⊥AM ,∴∠ANE =∠EAD =∠ACB =90°,∴∠DAC +∠ADC =90°,∠DAC +∠EAN =90°,∴∠EAN =∠ADC ,又∵AE =AD ,∠ANE =∠ACD =90°,∴△ANE ≌△DCA (AAS ),∴EN =AC ,∵BC =AC ,∴BC =NE ,又∵∠BMC =∠EMN ,∠BCM =∠ENM =90°,∴△BCM ≌△ENM (AAS ),∴BM =EM ;(3)如图,当点D 在直线CB 上时,连接BE 交直线AC 于M ,交AN 的延长线于N ,∵AC =4CM ,设AC =4a ,则CM =a ,BC =AC =4a ,∵AE ⊥AD ,EN ⊥AN ,∴∠ANE =∠EAD =∠ACB =90°,∴∠DAC +∠ADC =90°,∠DAC +∠EAN =90°,∴∠EAN =∠ADC ,又∵AE =AD ,∠ANE =∠ACD =90°,∴△ANE ≌△DCA (AAS ),∴EN =AC =BC =4a ,AN =CD ,又∵∠BMC =∠EMN ,∠BCM =∠ENM =90°,∴△BCM ≌△ENM (AAS ),∴CM =NM =a ,∴AM =AC +CM =5a ,∴CD =AN =AC +CM +MN =6a ,∴BD =CD -BC =2a ,∴S △ABD S △AEM =12BD ⋅AC 12AM ⋅EN =2a ⋅4a 5a ⋅4a =25.如图4,点D 在线段BC 上,同理可证,△BCM ≌△EGM ,△AEG ≌△DAC∴CM =GM ,CD =AG∴GC =2CM∵AC =BC∴AC -AG =BC -CD ,即GC =BD∴设CM =GM =n ,则BD =CG =2n ,∵AC =4CM ,∴GE =AC =4CM =4n ,AM =3CM =3n∴S △ABD S △AEM =12BD ⋅AC 12AM ⋅EG =2n ⋅4n 3n ⋅4n =23综上所述,S △ABD S △AEM=25或23.【点睛】本题考查了全等三角形的判定和性质、三角形面积公式;解题的关键是证明三角形全等并运用性质进行等量换算.25.(22-23八年级上·山东德州·期中)课外兴趣小组活动时,老师提出了如下问题:如图1,△ABC 中,若AB =8,AC =6,求BC 边上的中线AD 的取值范围.小明在组内经过合作交流,得到了如下的解决方法:延长AD 到E ,使DE =AD ,请根据小明的方法思考:(1)由已知和作图能得到△ADC ≌△EDB 的理由是.A.SSSB.SASC.AASD.HL (2)求得AD 的取值范围是.A.6<AD <8B.6≤AD ≤8C.1<AD <7D.1≤AD ≤7【感悟】解题时,条件中若出现“中点”“中线”字样,可以考虑延长中线构造全等三角形,把分散的已知条件和所求证的结论集合到同一个三角形中.【问题解决】(3)如图2,AD 是△ABC 的中线,BE 交AC 于E ,交AD 于F ,且AE =EF ,求证:AC =BF .【答案】(1)B ;(2)C ;(3)见解析【分析】本题考查了三角形的中线,三角形的三边关系定理,等腰三角形性质和判定,全等三角形的性质和判定等知识点,主要考查学生运用定理进行推理的能力.(1)根据AD =DE ,∠ADC =∠BDE ,BD =DC 推出△ADC 和△EDB 全等即可;(2)根据全等得出BE =AC =6,AE =2AD ,由三角形三边关系定理得出2<2AD <14,求出即可;(3)延长AD 到M ,使AD =DM ,连接BM ,根据SAS 证△ADC ≌△MDB ,推出BM =AC ,∠CAD =∠M ,根据AE =EF ,推出∠CAD =∠AFE =∠BFD ,求出∠BFD =∠M ,根据等腰三角形的性质求出即可.【详解】(1)解:∵AD 为BC 边上的中线,∴BD =CD ,∵在△ADC 和△EDB 中AD =DE∠ADC =∠BDE BD =CD,∴△ADC ≌△EDB (SAS ),故选B ;(2)解:∵由(1)知:△ADC ≌△EDB ,∴BE =AC =6,AE =2AD ,∵在△ABE 中,AB =8,由三角形三边关系定理得:8-6<AE <8+6,即2<2AD <14∴1<AD <7,故选C ;(3)证明:如图2,延长AD 到M ,使AD =DM ,连接BM ,∵AD 是△ABC 中线,∴CD =BD ,∵在△ADC 和△MDB 中DC =DB∠ADC =∠MDB DA =DM,∴△ADC ≌△MDB ,∴BM =AC ,∠CAD =∠M ,∵AE =EF ,∴∠CAD =∠AFE ,∵∠AFE =∠BFD ,∴∠BFD =∠M ,∴BF =BM ,∴AC =BF .26.(八年级·江苏盐城·期中)(1)如图1,在四边形ABCD 中,AB =AD ,∠B =∠D =90°,E 、F 分别是边BC 、CD 上的点,且∠EAF =12∠BAD .求证:EF =BE +FD ;(2)如图2,在四边形ABCD 中,AB =AD ,∠B +∠D =180°,E 、F 分别是边BC 、CD 上的点,且∠EAF =12∠BAD ,(1)中的结论是否仍然成立?(3)如图3,在四边形ABCD 中,AB =AD ,∠B +∠D =180°,E 、F 分别是边BC 、CD 延长线上的点,且∠EAF =12∠BAD (1)中的结论是否仍然成立?若成立,请证明;若不成立,请写出它们之间的数量关系,并证明.【答案】(1)见解析;(2)成立;(3)不成立,应当是EF=BE-FD,见解析【分析】本题是三角形综合题,考查了三角形全等的判定和性质等知识,解题的关键是添加辅助线,构造全等三角形解决问题.(1)延长EB到G,使BG=DF,连接AG.利用全等三角形的性质解决问题即可;(2)先证明△ABM≌△ADF(SAS),由全等三角形的性质得出AF=AM,∠2=∠3.△AME≌△AFE SAS,由全等三角形的性质得出EF=ME,即EF=BE+BM,则可得出结论;(3)在BE上截取BG,使BG=DF,连接AG.证明△ABG≌△ADF.由全等三角形的性质得出∠BAG=∠DAF,AG=AF.证明△AEG≌△AEF,由全等三角形的性质得出结论.【详解】证明:延长EB到G,使BG=DF,连接AG.∵∠ABG=∠ABC=∠D=90°,AB=AD,∴△ABG≌△ADF.∴AG=AF,∠1=∠2.∴∠1+∠3=∠2+∠3=∠EAF=12∠BAD.∴∠GAE=∠EAF.又∵AE=AE,∴△AEG≌△AEF.∴EG=EF.∵EG=BE+BG.∴EF=BE+FD(2)(1)中的结论EF=BE+FD仍然成立.∵∠ABC+∠D=180°,∠1+∠ABC=180°,∴∠1=∠D,在△ABM与△ADF中,AB=AD∠1=∠DBM=DF,∴△ABM≌△ADF(SAS),∴AF=AM,∠2=∠3,∵∠EAF=12∠BAD=∠EAF,∴∠3+∠4=∠EAF 即∠MAE=∠EAF在△AME与△AFE中AM=AF∠MAE=∠EAFAE=AE∴△AME≌△AFE(SAS),∴EF=ME,即EF=BE+BM,∴EF=BE+DF;(3)结论EF=BE+FD不成立,应当是EF=BE-FD.证明:在BE上截取BG,使BG=DF,连接AG.∵∠B+∠ADC=180°,∠ADF+∠ADC=180°,∴∠B=∠ADF.∵AB=AD,∴△ABG≌△ADF.∴∠BAG=∠DAF,AG=AF.∴∠BAG+∠EAD=∠DAF+∠EAD=∠EAF=12∠BAD.∴∠GAE=∠EAF.∵AE=AE,∴△AEG≌△AEF.∴EG=EF,∵EG=BE-BG,∴EF=BE-FD.。
福建省泉州第五中学2022-2023学年八年级上学期数学阶段性练习(二)
泉州五中2022级初二上数学阶段性练习(二)(测试时间:120分钟;全卷满分:150分)命题人:刘晓榕上官慧华班级:座号:姓名:一、选择题(共10小题,满分40分,每小题4分)1.下列运算中,结果正确的是()A. 2m2+m2=3m4B. m2⋅m2=m8C. (m2)4=m6D.(mn)2=m2n22.下列命题的逆命题是真命题的是()A.两直线平行,内错角相等B.如果a=b,那么a2=b2C.钝角三角形中有两个锐角D.对顶角相等3.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC.若∠A=48°,根据尺规作图痕迹,可得∠BCD的大小为()A.48°B.25°C.24°D.66°4.如果x2+2(k−1)x+16是一个完全平方式,那么k的值是()A.5B. -3 C.5或-3 D.3或55.若等腰三角形的两边长分别为3和6,则该三角形的周长可能是()A.11B. 12C.15 D.12或156.多项式−8x2y3z+12xy2z3−24x3yz2的公因式是()A.-xyzB. −4x3y3z3C. 4xyzD. −x3y3z37.若将多项式x2−ax+b因式分解为(x-2)(x+5),则(−3a+b)2023的值为()A.0B.-1C.1 D.1或-18.把多项式(x-y)²-2(x-y)-8分解因式,正确的结果是()A. (x-y+4)(x-y+2)B. (x-y-4)(x-y-2)C. (x-y-4)(x-y+2)D. (x-y+4)(x-y-2)9.现有甲、乙两个正方形纸片,将甲、乙并列放置后得到图1,已知点H为AE的中点,连接DH、FH,将乙纸片放到甲的内部得到图2,已知甲、乙两个正方形边长之和为8,图2的阴影部分面积为6,则图1的阴影部分面积为()A.3B.19C.21D.2810.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,以AC为边,作△ACD,满足AD=AC,E为BC上一点,连接AE,∠CAD=2∠BAE,连接DE,下列结论中:①∠ADE=∠ACB;②AC⊥DE;③∠AEB=∠AED;④DE=CE+2BE.其中正确的有()A.①②③B.③④C.①④D.①③④二、填空题(共6小题,满分24分,每小题4分)11.计算:(3x)2⋅x2=12.如果x+y=10 xy=7,则x2y+xy2=13.如图,Δ ABC的周长为24,AC的垂直平分线交BC于点D,垂足为E,若AE=3,则ΔADB的周长是14.已知:x+1x =3,则x2+1x2=15.已知a=12019+2018,b=12019+2019,c=12019+2020,则代数式2(a²+b²+c²-ab-ac-bc)的值是16.在直角三角形ABC中,∠ABC=90°,∠CAD=45°,∠CAB=67.5°,AB=14,则CD=三、解答题(共9小题,满分86分)17.(8分)计算:(1)5x(2x+3). (2) (2a−3)2−(a+5)(a−5)18.(8分)因式分解:(1)4x2−16; (2) a2−6a−16.19.(8分)先化简,再求值:[(x+2y)(x−2y)+(x+2y)2−2xy]÷2x,其中x=5,y=-8.20.(8分)如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,D是AB的中点,E是边AC上一点,连接BE,DE,且DE⊥AB.若∠A=46°,求∠CBE的度数.21.(8分)已知代数式(ax−3)(2x+4)−x2−b化简后,不含x2项和常数项.求a,b 的值.22.(10分)如图,△ABC中,点D在BC边上,∠BAD=100°,∠ABC的平分线交AC于点E,过点E作EF⊥AB,垂足为F,且∠AEF=50°,连接DE.(1)求∠CAD的度数;(2)求证:DE平分∠ADC;(3)若AB=7,AD=4,CD=8,且S△ACD=15,则△ABE的面积=(直接写出结果,不需要过程)23.(10分)如图1是一个长为2m、宽为2n的长方形,沿图中虚线用剪刀均分成四块小长方形,然后按图2的形状拼成正方形ABCD.(1)观察如图2填空:正方形ABCD的边长为,阴影部分的小正方形的边长为;(2)观察图2,试猜想式子(m+n)2,(m﹣n)2,mn之间的等量关系,并证明你的结论;(3)根据(2)中的等量关系,解决如下问题:①已知a﹣b=5,ab=﹣6,求a+b的值;②已知a>0,,求的值.24.(12分)阅读材料:要把多项式am+an+bm+bn因式分解,可以先把它进行分组再因式分解:am+am+bm+bn=(am+am)+(bm+bn)=a(m+m)+b(m+n)=(m+n)(a+b)这种因式分解的方法叫做分组分解法.(1)请用上述方法因式分解:x2−y2+2x−2y;(2)知a、b、c是ΔABC三边的长,且满足a2+c2−2b(a−b+c)=0,试判断ΔABC 的形状,并说明理由;(3)已知a=k+3,b=2k+2,c=3k-1,求a²+b²+c²+2ab-2bc-2ac的值.25.(14分)已知,Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∠A=30°,点D是边AB上一点,连接CD,且CD=AD.(1)如图①,求证BD=CD;(2)如图②,点E为边AC上一点,连接DE,以DE为边在DE的左侧作等边三角形DEF,连接BF,则∠DBF的大小=(度);(3)如图③,过点D作DP⊥AB交AC于点P,点M为线段AP上一点,连接BM,作∠BMQ=60°,MQ交PD的延长线于点Q.线段PM,PQ与PA之间有怎样的数量关系,并证明.。
八年级阶段考数学试卷
一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 下列各数中,是质数的是()A. 17B. 18C. 19D. 202. 已知a、b、c是等差数列,且a+b+c=18,则a的值为()A. 6B. 9C. 12D. 153. 下列各式中,是分式的是()A. 2x+3B. 3x-5C. 5/xD. 4x^24. 在直角坐标系中,点A(2,3)关于x轴的对称点是()A. (2,-3)B. (-2,3)C. (2,-3)D. (-2,-3)5. 下列函数中,是反比例函数的是()A. y=2x+1B. y=x^2C. y=3/xD. y=x^36. 若等腰三角形底边长为6cm,腰长为8cm,则该三角形的周长为()A. 22cmB. 24cmC. 26cmD. 28cm7. 下列各式中,正确的是()A. a^2 = aB. (a+b)^2 = a^2 + b^2C. (a-b)^2 = a^2 - b^2D. (a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^28. 已知x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0,则x的值为()A. 2B. 3C. 2或3D. 无法确定9. 下列各数中,是立方根的是()A. 27B. 8C. 64D. 12510. 在△ABC中,若∠A=60°,∠B=45°,则∠C的度数为()A. 45°B. 60°C. 75°D. 90°二、填空题(每题3分,共30分)11. 若a=5,b=-3,则a^2 + b^2 = _______。
12. 等差数列{an}的公差为2,且a1=3,则a5=_______。
13. 已知函数y=2x-1,若x=3,则y=_______。
14. 在直角坐标系中,点P(-4,5)关于原点的对称点是_______。
15. 若a、b、c是等比数列,且a=2,b=4,则c=_______。
16. 已知一次函数y=kx+b,若k=2,b=-3,则函数的图像经过_______。
2022-2023学年度春学期阶段性测试初二数学试卷
2022-2023学年度春学期阶段性测试初二数学试题一、选择题(每小题3分,共24分)1、在下列方程中,一元二次方程的是 ( ) ①3x 2+7=0 ②ax 2+bx+c=0 ③(x-2)(x+5)=x 2-1 ④3x 2-5x=0 A 、1个 B 、2个 C 、3个 D 、4个2、已知⊙O 的半径为5cm ,点P 在⊙O 内,则OP 不可能等于 ( )A.2cmB.2.5cmC.3cmD.5cm3、一元二次方程x 2﹣4x +6=0的根的情况是 ( )A 、有两个不相等的实数根B 、有两个相等的实数根C 、只有一个实数根D 、没有实数根4、如果两个圆心角相等,那么 ( )A 、这两个圆心角所对的弦相等;B 、这两个圆心角所对的弧相等C 、这两个圆心角所对的弦的弦心距相等;D 、以上说法都不对5、某商品经过两次降价,由每件100元调到81元,则平均每次降价的百分率是( )A 、8.5%B 、9%C 、9.5D 、10%6、下列命题正确的是 ( )A 、三点确定一个圆B 、三角形的外接圆有且只有一个C 、四边形都有外接圆D 、圆有且只有一个内接三角形7、已知⊙O 的半径为4,直线l 上有一点P 满足PO=4,则直线l 与⊙O 的位置关系是:A .相切B .相离C .相离或相切D .相切或相交 ( )8、如果关于x 的一元二次方程01122=++-x k kx 有两个不相等的实数根,那么k 的取值范围是 ( )A 、k <21B 、k <21且k ≠0C 、-21≤k <21D 、-21≤k <21且k ≠0 二、填空题(每小题3分,共24分) 9、已知x=2是关于x 的方程x 2﹣3x ﹣m=0的一个根,则m= .10、直角三角形的两直角边长分别为6和8,那么这个三角形的外接圆半径等于 。
11、若一元二次方程x 2+2x +m =0无实数解,则m 的取值范围是12、已知圆弧的半径为50厘米,圆心角为60°,则圆弧的长度= 。
初二年级阶段性测试
初二期中语文试题一、语文知识积累与运用:(27分)1、下列加点字注音正确的一项()(2分)A、蟠.龙(pán)奔丧.(sāng)取缔.(tì)大煞.风景(shà)B、伛.偻(yǔ)滞.笨(zhì)震悚.(shǒng)长途跋涉.(shē)C、阔绰.(chuò)祈.盼(qǐ)诘.问(jiã)前瞻.后顾(zhān)D、眸.子(móu)癖.好(pǐ)匀称.(chân)惟妙惟肖.(xiào)2、下列词语书写正确的一项()(2分)A、伧俗帷幕因地治宜情郁于中B、伎俩萦绕大廷广众重峦叠障C、鳌头嶙峋巧妙绝伦穷愁潦倒D、烦燥狼籍鸣钟击磬连声诺诺3、下列句子加点成语使用错误的一项()(2分)A、一个很大很大的困难,除以13亿,就会变得微不足道....;一个很小很小的爱心,乘以13亿,就会聚成爱的海洋。
B、这座寺庙经过数月的修缮,如今已整修完毕。
整座庙宇看上去古朴庄严,惟.妙惟肖...。
C、李东真是别出心裁....,制作的航船模型与众不同,令人叫绝。
D、在大庭广众之下,我很尴尬,只能低眉顺眼....,我是微不足道的,没有人注意到我,这令我更加难受。
4、下面句子中没有语病的一项是()(2分)A、在合作学习的过程中,养成主动交流的习惯,是取得进步的一个重要因素。
B、最新调查表明,我国大约有72﹪左右的青少年认为"诚实守信"是做人的基本准则。
C、我们在学习上即使取得了很大的成绩,但绝不能骄傲自满。
D、各级政府积极采取措施,加强校园安保工作,防止校园安全事故不再发生。
5、下列句子与上文衔接最恰当的一项是()(2分)人们喜爱竹子,因为它体现了一种美好的品格:它用淡薄豁达的胸襟面对自身的平凡朴实,它用感恩眷恋的情怀回报土地的宽厚无私,。
A.它顽强执著地对抗着漫天雪雨风霜的世界B.它对抗世间的雪雨风霜总是那么顽强执着C.它用顽强执著的精神对抗雪雨风霜的世界D.它用顽强执著的精神抗击世间的雪雨风霜6、名著品读:(2分)(1)他是一个“坚决、沉默、而又有生气”的上等车夫,为了争取起码的上等权利,奋斗、挣扎,最终走上了一条自我毁灭的道路。
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2014—2015学年度第一学期期末初二阶段性练习英语试题(卷)(Unit1-Unit2)时间:80分钟分值:120分命题人:柴小琪I、单项选择。
(本题共有15题,每小题2分)( )1. —_________________ with him?---He has a headache.A. What’s matterB. What’s the wrongC. What’s the matter ( )2. ___his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.A At B. To C. In( )3 . Lucy is ________ girl . She is very happy at school .A. a eight-year-oldB. an eight-year-oldC. an eight-years-old( )4. To our ________ ,we saw such a________ result .A. surprise , surprisingB. surprised , surprisingC. surprised , surprising ( )5. — What did you see?— I saw many boys________ games near the river.A. playedB. playingC. plays( )6 . My father often cooks some delicious food _________for us at home.A. herselfB. ourselvesC. himself( )7.Pollution is a serious problem. Scientists _____ some good ways to save it.A. come up withB. come onC. come out( )8. Don’t worry about me ,I will get used to _____ here soon .A.liveB. livingC. lived( )9.The rich man decided to _____ everything he has to charity after his death .A.hand outB. give upC. give away( )10. It rained ____ hard outside ____ we couldn’t go out .A.too, toB. so , thatC. such , that( )11. Thanks ___ the kind man , the doctor saved the old man _______ time .A. for ,inB. to ,inC. to , on( )12. How dirty your room is! You must.A. to clean it upB. clean it upC. clean up it( )13.You mustn’t smoke here.Look at the ____.It says “No smoking”A.NoticeB. signC. plan( )14. They have to leaving for Beijing because of the heavy snow.A. put offB. put outC. put on( )15. Mr. White invited John to the concert __________.A.cheering her upB. cheer her upC. to cheer her upII、完型填空。
(本题共有15题,每小题1分)Mary was ill yesterday. She went to see a doctor. “Doctor. I’m not feeling16at the moment, ”she said, “Every time I do my homework 17 night, I feel18. If I walk to school 19 , I have to sit down and20 for ten minutes. ”The doctor looked21Mary 22 . At last he said, “23serious, but I’m afraid you are24too much. ”“I don’t understand, what do you mean? ”asked Mary. “I mean you eat too much25, ”said the doctor. “Oh! You mean I’m too26 That’s a problem. ”said Mary. “What should I do if I don’t want 27 ? ”“The answer is easy, ”said the doctor. “If you want to be 28 you29eat a lot of food and you also should take more30. ”( )16. A. good B. bad C. well( )17. A. in the B. at C. on( )18. A. hungry B. thirsty C. tired( )19. A.everyday B. every day C. every night( )20. A. rest B. lie down C. stand( )21. A. after B. over C. like( )22. A.careful B.carefully C. care( )23. A. Too B. Not C. Nothing( )24. A. drinking B. sleeping C. eating( )25. A. ice cream B. fruit C. food( )26. A. fat B. healthy C. stressed out( )27. A. be healthy B. to heavy C. to be heavy( )28. A. thin and heavy B. thinner and heavier C. more thinner and heavier( )29. A. can B. should C. shouldn’t( )30. A. homework B. sports C. exerciseIII、阅读理解。
(本题共30分,共15小题)AIt’s important for us to be healthy. But how can we keep healthy? First,you should eat fruit and vegetables three or four times a week. Then eat some tofu every day because it’s good for people, both the young and the old. Milk is also necessary(必要的),especially for women. So you should have milk twice & day. It can help you to be strong. Next, doing more exercise is better. You can do morning exercises or evening exercises. After supper you should take a walk.( )31. You should eat_______ three or four times a week.A. fruit and fishB. vegetables and muttonC. fruit and vegetables( )32. Tofu is good for ______.A. young peopleB. old peopleC. young and old people( )33. Why do people have milk?A. It,s delicious.B. It can help you keep strong.C.It’s bad for you.( )34. You should have milk ________ .A. four times a dayB. five times a weekC. twice a day( )35. The passage mainly tells us__________.A. how to keep healthyB. what health isC. why health is importantBDo you know the story about Vince? It was a true story. Vince was an English boy and he was eight years old. He didn't like soap or water. Three or four times a day his mother said to him, “Vince, your hands are very dirty again.” Go and wash them. ” But Vince never washed them well. He only put his hands in the water for a few seconds and then took them out again.Vince’s uncle and aunt lived in another city. One day they came to stay with Vince’s parents, and they brought their small son, Toby, with them. Toby was seven years old and he didn’t like soap or water, either. The boys sat with their parents for a few minutes and then they went outside. When they were playing, Vince looked at Toby's hands and then went back to Toby’s parents and said proudly (骄傲地),“Toby’s hands are dirtier than mine, ”“Of course th ey are,”Toby said angrily. “You are one year older than I am, ”( )36. Vince’s mother asked him to ______three or four times a day.A. wash his handsB. do his homeworkC. clean his bedroom( )37.When Vince saw Toby’s hands, he felt ________.A, sorry B. proud C. sad( )38.Vince’s hands were a little______than Toby’s.A. dirtierB. cleanerC. bigger( )39From the story we know that_______ .A. Vince liked soap and water, but Toby didn’tB. Toby liked soap and water,but Vince didn’tC. Vince and Toby didn’t like soap or water( )40. How many people are there in the story?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.CHave you been asked for money by some disabled beggars(乞丐) while you’re enjoying shopping? Do you have any pity on them who are so poor and lonely or do you just feel afraid of their terrible shapes? As one of the most special groups, disabled people’s living conditions—not only their material(物质的) conditions, but their mental(精神的) world, really need improvement.The treatment for disabled people should go like this: First, don’t look down upon them. Don’t be afraid of looking at the terrible shapes of the disabled. Try to treat them equally. Because they are a part of the society(社会), we can’t discard(抛弃) them. The second is to help them as much as we could. If you can be a volunteer and do some work for the disabled people, that would be very nice. That does help not only to the disabled people but also to yourself because you will feel good after your kind action. If every one of us gives a little love, the world will become a beautiful wonderland!( )41. From the passage we can see that _______.A. disabled people are poor, but they are happyB. all disabled people ask for money from those who are shoppingC. disabled people’s living conditions are not good( ) 42. The underlined word “equally” means “ _______” in Chinese.A. 平等地B. 确切地C. 正确地( )43. Most disabled people are begging(乞讨) along the streets because _______.A. it’s their jobB. they want to make a living in this wayC. they are a part of the society( )44. People have pity on disabled beggars because _______.A. they are homelessB. they are poor and lonelyC. they have terrible shapes ( )45.Which of the following statement is TRUE ?A. The disabled like to beg in streets.B. Disabled beggars cannot work to make a living .C. Disabled beggars are not usually treated equallyIV、补全对话(从方框内选择恰当的句子补全对话,其中有两项是多余的)(10分)A. And you should drink lots of water.B. Do you have a fever?C. What’s the matter, young man?D. You have a toothache.E. I cough badly and have a very sore throat.F. You’ll feel better soon.G. You’re welcome.A: Good morning, doctor.B: Morning. 46A: I’m not feeling well. 47B: How long have you been like this?A: For about two days.B: 48A: No, I took my temperature an hour ago and it seemed all right.B: Let me check you over. Now open your mouth, and say “Ah. . . ”I think yo u have a cold. A: Is it serious?B: Don’t worry. You need to take some medicine. 49 and have a rest. 50A: Thank you46._______ 47. ______48. ________ 49 ________ 50. _______V、任务型阅读。