18届上海市青浦区高三二模英语试题(word版)
【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市青浦区高三英语4月质量调研(二模)试卷(有答案)
2018上海市青浦区高三英语4月质量调研(二模)试卷(有答案)青浦区conditioner on8 A They are entertainingB They are time-consumingC They are boringD They are rewarding9 A She is fully engagedB She doesn’t like get-togetherC She has some paper to buryD She questions the man’s purpose10 A His notebook is missingB His handwriting is difficult to readC He wasn’t in class this morning eitherD He’s already lent his notes to someone elseSection BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11 A Photos of polar bearsB Photos heavily editedC Photos of fine quality to appear in printD Photos reflecting scientists’ working life12 A A year’s personal subscription to Nature is another award to winners。
2018届青浦高三英语二模答案
青浦区2017学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷听力文字稿Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M: Hurry up! I’m starving!W: Don’t worry. It’s Monday and there won’t be a queue.Q: Where are the speakers going? (D)2. W: When will the next bus leave for Beijing?M: You’ve just missed the ten-thirty bus by seven minutes, but don’t worry, buses leave for Beijing every thirty minutes.Q: When will the next bus leave for Beijing? (C)3. M: Hi, Jane, do you have some change? I need to make a call on the pay phone.W: Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone? Here you are.Q: What will the man most probably do? (A)4. W: John has been trying for months to find a job, but I wonder how he could get one when he looks like that.M: Oh, that poor guy! He really should shave himself more often and put on something clean. Q: What do we learn about John? (C)5. W:Saturday’s concert is said to be wonderful.Aren’t you going?M:But I haven’t got a ticket yet.It’s so popular that I’m afraid the tickets are not available now. Q:What is the man concerned about? (B)6. M: Oh, what a morning! You know I had so much work to do and the sales phones just kept coming in.W: I know how it is. I get a lot of calls, too, even on weekends.Q: What are the two speakers doing? (A)7. M: Do you want to turn on the air-conditioner or open the window?W: I love fresh air if you don’t mind.Q: What can be inferred from the woman’s answer? (C)8. M: How are your piano lessons going?W: Very well. My teacher thinks I’m making progress. And I find lessons well worth the time andtrouble.Q: What does the woman think of her piano lessons? (D)9. M: Now, can we have a get-together sometime this week? I mean any day is fine.W: Sorry. This week’s out of the question. I’m buried under a heap of paperwork.Q: What does the woman mean? (A)10. W: I missed the psychology class this morning. Could I have a look at your notes?M: Kidding? You’ve never read my handwriting, have you?Q: What does the man imply? (B)Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Welcome to enter our “scientist at work” photo contest.Do you like taking pictures of your work in the field — tracking polar bears, for example, examining fossils? Or of what you see daily in the laboratory, perhaps under a microscope?If so, why not enter our second annual ScientistAtWork photo competition? Here’s how it works. Just send us your favorite picture and any questions to photocompetition@, or upload your image to Twitter or Instagram with the tag ScientistAtWork. All entries must reach us by the end of April. Attention: no more than one entry per person. The winning images will be chosen by an independent group of Nature editors and art staff.We will publish the five winning entries in the 26 May issue of Nature. Besides, winners will receive a year’s personal subscription to Nature, in print and online.We’re looking for images that tell an interesting story and reflect the variety of work that scientists do in an enthusiastic, creative way. Heavily edited images will not be considered, and photographs must be of high-enough quality to appear in print.Good luck, and we look forward to seeing your submissions.Now listen again, please.Questions11.What kind of images or photos is likely to be a winning entry? (D)12.Which of the following is not true according to the passage? (D)13.What is the purpose of this passage? (B)Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.11-time All-Star Chris Bosh hasn’t played since the 2015-2016 season due to blood issues. He hopes to come back and gives “one more shot” at playing at NBA recently.“I train regularly and still have plenty to offer for a team. My condition should not hold me back,” Bosh said. “I’m going to give playing one more shot. That’s all it is — a shot,” added Bosh.This was not the first time Bosh expressed his desire to return to the NBA. In November, Bosh said he planned to “keep his options open as a player moving forward”. Earlier this year, he said he hoped to sign with a team for the 2018 postseason.Bosh appeared in 44 games in 2014-2015, his season ending at the All-Star break when he first knew about his blood issues. A year later, he played in 53 games and his season again ended at All-Star weekend, when the issue became more serious shortly after he landed in Toronto for the 2016 NBA All-Star Game.Overall, he averaged 19.2 points and 8.5 rebounds in his career. He last played in NBA on Feb. 9, 2016 as a member of the Heat.Now listen again, please.Questions:14. Why didn’t Bosh play basketball in 2015-2016 season? (D)15. How many points did Bosh obtain on average in his basketball career? (B)16. What is the passage mainly talking about? (C)Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: Tom, you will be graduating soon, and what are your future plans? What kind of job do you want?M: Right now, actually, I’m trying to get into Air Canada as an international pilot.W: Oh, you want to be a pilot.M: Yeah, actually, I’ve already got a private pilot’s license and, well ...W: You can fly a plane?M: I can, but only a single engine plane.W: So, why do you like flying?M: Well, basically my father was a pilot and I just got interested in that through him.W: Oh, that’s cool. So how do you bec ome a pilot? Like what do you have to do?M: There’re different ways of becoming a pilot. First, you can pay for it by yourself. You have to attend school to gain your commercial license and then you can apply to an airline company. Or, you can go directl y into an airline company, and they will train you and it’s all paid for.W: Right.M: It is a really good deal, yeah, and another way is to get a private pilot’s license first, and try to get in a company and then they’ll train you the rest of the way an d usually you get a higher salary. W: So what way are you doing it?M: Well, since I’ve already got my private pilot’s license I’m going to try and get in pretty much half way through it, so I won’t need as much training. I’ll probably get a better salary.W: Well, good luck. I hope it works out.M: I do, too.Now listen again, please.Questions:17. What can be learned about Tom? (B)18. Where does the man get his interest in flying? (B)19. How can a person get a pilot’s license without paying any money? (C)20. What special qualifications does the man have? (D)That’s the end of listening comprehension. 听力部分到此结束。
上海市青浦区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案
青浦区2017 学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷2018.04(时间120 分钟,满分140 分)考生注意:1.本试卷共13 页。
满分140 分。
考试时间120 分钟。
2.答题前,考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
如用铅笔答题,或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To the bank. B. To the museum. C. To the clinic. D. To the restaurant.2. A. 10:07. B. 10:30. C. 11:00. D. 11:07.3. A. Use the woman’s phone. B. Pay for the phone call.C. Get some change from Jane.D. Go and look for a pay phone.4. A. He likes to wear clean clothes.B. He changes his job frequently.C. He is careless about his appearance.D. He is ashamed of his present condition.5. A. Whether he has time on Saturday.B. Whether he can get access to the concert.C. Whether the tickets will be too expensive.D. Whether the woman is available on Saturday.6. A. They are complaining. B. They are bargaining.C. They are negotiating.D. They are arguing.7. A. The window smells of fresh paint. B. The man will clean the air-conditioner.C. Sh e’d like to have the window open.D. She prefers keeping the air-conditioner on.C. She has some paper to bury.D. She questions the man’s purpose.10. A. His notebook is missing.B. His handwriting is difficult to read.C. He wasn’t in class this morning either.D. He’s already lent his notes to someone else.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Photos of polar bears.B. Photos heavily edited.C. Photos of fine quality to appear in print.D. Photos reflecting scientist s’ working life.12. A. A year’s personal subscription to Nature is another award to winners.B. Photos can be uploaded to Twitter with the tag ScientistAtW ork.C. Five winning photos will be published in one issue of Nature.D.All entries have to be sent to photocompetition@.13. A. To encourage people to work with scientists.B. To attract people to participate in a contest.C. To increase the sales of the magazine.D. To teach people how to take pictures.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because no team invited him to play. B. Because he stopped training for a while.C. Because he appeared to be too tired.D. Because he suffered from a disease.15. A. 8.5. B. 19.2. C. 44. D. 53.16. A. Bosh’s great basketball career in NBA.B. The regular training Bosh took in NBA.C. Bosh’s repeated desire to return to NBA.D. The reason why Bosh couldn’t play at NBA.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18. A. From his friends. B. From his father.C. From his training.D. From his university.19. A. By attending special schools.B. By getting a private license first.C. By getting into an airline company first.D. By passing a test for commercial license.20. A. His flying hours in total. B. His interview performance.C. His university degrees.D. His private pilot license.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The kindness of Kiwi Lotto (乐透彩票) winnersWe’ve all dreamed of winning the Lotto but what actually happens when our numbers come up? The answer is rather heart-warming. New research out today from Lotto New Zealand reveals three-quarters of Powerball winners think of sharing (21) spending.One lucky Powerball winner from Tauranga was even thinking of others before his numbers came up. “A week before I won Lotto, I saw an ambulance (22) side bore the name of the donor, and I thought, ‘i f I ever win Lotto, that’s what I will do’ and then 10 day s’ later I w on,” he said. Having won $5.5 million dollars, he’s now spending a part of the money on two ambulances for his local hospital. “The y’r e going to say ‘(23) (donate) by a Lotto winner’ on the side. I hope that it will inspire others to pay it forward if they ever find (24) in a fortunate position like I have.”“My life (25) (save) many years ago by a St John ambulance and it’s a marvellous feeling repaying back that kindness.” It was this kind of behaviour (26) led to Lotto NZ’s inspiring true story of a Kiwi man who won $15 million and, honouring a promise made long ago, went halves with his mate.2017 was the (27) (lucky) year on record for Powerball winners. “Last year, there were 19 different Powerball winners — (28) most of them had in common was the desire to share their good fort une.” said Emilia Mazur, General Manager Corporate Communications.“Another Tauranga man won $10 million with Powerball in July and once he got over the shock of winning, his first thought was his community and he has since shared some of his winnings to upgrade its facilities.”Group players are natural sharers —not only (29) they share the winnings among themselves but they also then want to help out others.“E veryone is just so happy, it’s created an amazing sense of freedom.” s aid one of the group leaders Tina. “For me personally, (30) (know) how much of a significant difference you have made to your family and your circle of friends, I have a feeling that I have never experienced. It’s anunquantifiable feeling — it’s magi c.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Swiss village bans tourists from taking photos because it’s too beautiful Located in the Swiss Alps, near the famous resort of St. Moritz, the commune of Bergün is one of the most beautiful mountain villages in Europe. So beautiful, in fact, that photos of it shared on social media may make people feel depressed that they can’t visit, so local authorities banned tourists from taking photos.It may sound like a joke, but it’s actually a new law adopted by the Bergün village council and31 by its mayor. To discourage visitors from taking photos in Bergün, they plan to 32 a symboli c €5 fine for those caught breaking the new rules.According to a statement by the Bergün tourism authority, “It is scientifically proven that beautiful holiday photos on social media make the viewers unhappy because they cannot be there themselves.”However, it seems unlikely that Bergün’s new law was really thought of as a way to 33 Facebook or Instagram users of the depressing experience of seeing the beauty of the village. As the news went 34 online, many assumed that it was actually a clever marketing 35 , a theory that was at least partially confirmed by the village’s director of tourism, Marc-Andrea Barandun.“In the background of course the idea is that everyone is talking about Ber gün,”he told The Local. “So it’s a combination of both — we made the law and also there’s some marketing aim behind it.”To show that they were serious about the law, Bergün authorities 36 photos of the village from its Facebook and Twitter accounts, and declared their intention to delete them from the Bergün website too.If the new law was just a 37 strategy, it actually worked wonders, as people started 38 more photos of the beautiful mountain village soon after news of the photo ban started making news headlines.A few days ago, Mayor Nicolay 39 the debatable photo ban in a video, where he offered people visiting Bergün a special 40 to take photos. He reminded them to think twice before sharing the pictures online, though, as they could be making their friends depressed.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A cli ché is a phrase that has been used so many times that it comes out of the mouth or the computer without stirring up a wave in the mind of the speaker, the typist, the listener or the reader. The word was part of the technical term of the French printing trade in the 19th century, the name for a plate used in the printing process, and it is still used with that meaning in English and other languages. By the middle of the same century, the word was being used in French, shortly followed by English, as a simile (比喻) for 41__ used expressions.Clichés can be 42 according to whether they were originally idioms, similes and proverbs, expressions from trades or 43 phrases.Many idioms have been so universally overused that they have been 44__ — phrases like far and wide, by leaps and bounds or safe and sound. Our second category could be similes and proverbs that now fall off the 45__ with little meaning, similes like as cool as a cucumber, which 46 around 400 years.A large category is 47 from the terms of trades and professions, sports and games, and other national concerns. Many are 48 clichés, as is fitting for the British, as an island nation, with examples like to leave a sinking ship, to know the ropes, to stick to one’s guns.Our last broad category of cli ché might be phrases which were __49__ when they were first coined, but have become ineffective through constant use. When a football manager, asked how he felt about the __50 of his team, said that he was as sick as a parrot. Since then, it has been so overused that it has lost its 51 . To explore every avenue and to leave no stone unturned are two political clichés of this class. No politician with any sensitivity for language could use either of those phrases 52 , yet you hear them still, all the time.No doubt we could specify the classes of clichés into further subdivisions until the cows come home. But there is no need to. We all agree that clichés are to be 53 by careful writers and speakers at all times, don’t we? Well, actually, no, not I. Life, and language, are so full of clichés that silence will hold the position if you 54 us the use of cliché. So many millions of people have spoken and written clichés so 55__ that it is almost impossible to find ideas and phrases that have not been used many times before.41. A. occasionally B. frequently C. technically D. grammatically42. A. confirmed B. quoted C. inferred D. classified43. A. invented B. customized C. recognized D. underlined44. A. highlighted B. tailored C. weakened D. enriched45. A. nose B. eyes C. lips D. forehead46. A. dates back B. catches on C. takes shape D. gives out47. A. detected B. drawn C. excluded D. initiated48. A. remote B. temperate C. urban D. oceanic49. A. boring B. striking C. entertaining D. annoying53. A. adjusted B. adapted C. adopted D. avoided54. A. deny B. allow C. forbid D. promise55. A. casually B. decently C. reluctantly D. ceaselesslySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Free to SoarOne windy spring day, I observed young people having fun using the wind to fly their kites. Multicolored creations of varying shapes and sizes filled the skies like beautiful birds racing and dancing. As the strong winds blew against the kites, a string kept them in check.Instead of blowing away with the wind, they arose against it to achieve great heights. They shook and pulled, but the string and the tail kept them attached, facing upward and against the wind. The kites struggled and kept being dragged behind, facing upward and against the wind. As the kites struggled and trembled against the string, they seemed to say, “Let me go! Let me go! I want to be free!” They soared beautifully even as they fought the restriction of the string. Finally, one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose. “Free at last,” it seemed to say. “Free to fly with the wi nd.”Yet freedom from restriction simply put it at the mercy of a cruel breeze. It flew ungracefully to the ground and landed in a messed mass of weeds and string against a dead bush. “Free at last”, free to lie powerless in the dirt, to be blown helplessly along the ground, and to stop lifeless against the first obstruction.How much like kites we sometimes are. The heaven gives us misfortune and limitations, rules to follow from which we can grow and gain strength. Restriction is a necessary companion to the winds of opposition. Some of us resist the rules so hard that we never soar to reach the heights we might have obtained. We keep part of the order and never rise high enough to get our tails off the ground.Let us each rise to the great heights, recognizing that some of the restrictions that we may be annoyed at are actually the steadying force that helps us improve and achieve.56. According to paragraph 2, “Let me go!” is said by .A. the kiteB. the windC. the birdD. the flyer57. Which of the following words has the meaning closest to the underlined word “ob structi on”in paragraph 3?A. destructionB. miracleC. observationD. obstacle58. According to the writer, in what way is man similar to kites?A. Man will never reach the desirable height unless he breaks some rules.B. Man can be empowered by difficulties to go further and higher.C. Man desires freedom but only a few will succeed.D. Man is limited by his surroundings.59. By telling the story of kite flying, the writer wants to share the lesson that .A. rules are made to be brokenB. flying a kite involves skills and patienceC. sometimes difficulties can be potential blessingsD. it’s no use complaining about the difficulties we encounter(B)Products▼Tel:(855)776-7763 Get a Demo Login Sign Up Free ProProfsTour Pricing Solutions Integrations Blog Clients Examples Help KnowledgebaseKnowledge Base Software That Answers Questions Instantly Create help sites, knowledge bases, user guides, manuals, wikis & moreA. users of ProProfs can read the manuals on their mobile phonesB. the service that ProProfs offers to its users is accessible around the clockC. with ProProfs, users can readjust the size of their documentation to their screensD. different users can be grouped together on a central platform to share knowledge62. How does the software ProProfs tighten its security?A. By authorizing different users.B. By creating a central platform.C. By offering single sign-on settings.D. By building private knowledge bases.(C)The largest-ever study of the link between city walkability and high blood pressure has been held up as evidence of the “invisible value of urban desi gn”in improving long-term health outcomes, say researchers.The study of around 430,000 people aged between 38 and 73 and living in 22 UK cities found significant associations between the increased walkability of a neighborhood, lower blood pressure and reduced risk of high blood pressure among its residents.The outcomes remained consistent even after adjustments for socio-demographic (社会人口统计学), lifestyle and changing physical environment factors, though the protective effects were particularly pronounced among participants aged between 50 and 60, women, and those residing in higher density and poor neighborhoods.The paper was published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health this week. With high blood pressure a major risk factor for chronic (慢性的) and particularly heart diseases, researchers at the University of Hong Kong and Oxford University said the findings demonstrated the need to take notice of the health-influencing factor in urban design.“With the increasing pace of urbanization and demographic shifts towards an ageing population, we become more likely to suffer from chronic diseases,” said Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, an assistant professor at the Healthy High Density Cities Lab of the University of Hong Kong and lead author of the study. “The action taken to improve public health must consider the invisible value of urban planning and design.“We are spending billions of pounds in preventing and curing heart diseases —if we are able to invest in creating healthy cities through small changes in the design of our neighborhoods to make them more activity-friendly and walkable, then probably, we will have significant savings in future healthcare expense s.”To measure a neighborhood’s activity-promoting potential, researchers developed a set of index of walkability containing relevant urban elements, including residential and retail (零售) density, public transport, street-level movement, and distance to attractive destinations.Poorly designed spaces generally reduced walking and physical activity, promoting the lifestyles oflong time sitting down and not moving; and were harmful to social interactions, and as such associated with poorer mental and physical health.Because walkability was “based on the underlying design of the city”,said Sarkar, cities could be modified or designed to encourage it. “Such investments in healthy design are likely to bring in long-term gains as they are enduring and comm on.”63. By considering “invisible value of urban desig n”, people can .A. reduce the ageing populationB. slow down the pace of urbanizationC. promote activity-friendly and walkable citiesD. invest in preventing and curing heart diseases64. What can be inferred from the passage?A. A set of index is essential to ensure that urban design promotes walkability.B.Walkable cities can lower blood pressure and the risk of high blood pressure.C. Chronic diseases are becoming common due to people’s neglect of their health.D. Middle-aged women living in poor areas are less likely to benefit from increased walkability.65. All of the following are the undesirable consequences of poorly-designed neighborhoods EXCEPT.A. failing healthB. unhealthy lifestyleC. fewer social interactionsD. fewer neighborhoods66. According to Dr. Chinmoy Sarkar, .A. cities should encourage the residents to engage in social interactionsB. the design of our neighborhoods should meet people’s needs for retail densityC. money invested in creating healthy cities is money saved in future healthcare expensesD. chronic diseases will be common because of our lifestyle and the physical environmentSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. I truly express my respect for Shan and his team for their contributions.B. With regard to cultural heritage restoration, Shan said the museum opened a restoration hospital atthe end of 2016.C. A total of 600 people from all walks of life, including over 100 foreign guests, participated in the activity.D. I will learn more about Chinese culture from the magnificent ancient objects.E. Our design teams often study consumer demands and create cultural items that are nice to look at and practical to use.F. Traditional craftsmanship is combined with modern methods, and the lives of ancient cultural objects will be lengthened by the so-called doctors.Make traditional treasures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. 67On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure(基础设施), restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museum’s cultural items.“The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items availabl e,” Shan said. “68 ” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.”“Ther efore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”69 Around 200 “doc tor s”are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage inancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a long and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. 70 ”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Ban the Bag!Standing in line at the grocery store last week, I watched the woman in front of me buy a tube of toothpaste. As the clerk placed her purchase in a plastic bag, I couldn’t help wondering how long it would take for that bag to end up in the trash. Then I noticed the big purse the woman was carrying and wondered why she had needed a plastic bag at all.People have come to rely on plastic bags as everything from shopping bags for groceries to trash-can bags. Although plastic bags can be recycled, only about one percent of those used in the United States are. Instead, after helping people transport items from one place to another, most are thrown away. They end up in landfills, where it can take a plastic bag up to a thousand years to decay. Some bags end up elsewhere in the environment, sticking to trees and fences, blocking rivers and oceans, or floating along city sidewalks.Plastic bags harm the environment in several ways. First, they break down into particles that pollute our soil and water. Because most plastic bags are made of polyethylene, a product derived from crude oil (原油) or natural gas, they waste nonrenewable resources. Plastic bags can also harm animals. Scientists estimate that more than one million sea animals, including whales, seabirds, and turtles, die each year from intaking or becoming stranded in plastic.People all over the world are starting to recognize the problems associated with plastic bags. Countries such as China, South Africa, Switzerland, and Uganda are taking action and banning the bags. Other nations, including Italy and Ireland, have been trying to restrict the use of plastic bags by taxing them. In the United States more and more communities are ridding themselves of plastic bags. Now more and more people are also purchasing inexpensive, reusable bags and using them when they shop. If we all take this simple step, we can be a part of a “g ree n” revolution.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72.全世界掀起了一股学中文的潮流。
2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of “The King’s Astronomer” and “Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled “The King’s Astronomer”.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage of discovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word “thumbed” is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “This is a growing environmental problem,”said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits ofpaint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem,” Johnson admits. “I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C. It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar t he question “Did you steal Fatima’s bag?”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that?” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve bought the story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying “Liars also use deflection”, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read:"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisinglynot because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the bestteachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan States has not only received useful information from its parents. It has also shared helpful information of its own.Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”56. What led to the setting up of the UIA?A. The low graduation ratesB. The great need of low-income students.C. The inefficiency of learningD. The severe competition between schools。
2018年上海各区高三英语二模——语法填空
【2018-宝山区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Much of the Jetsons' World Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers, The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name. However, for manyAmericans born in or before the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jestsons was apopular cartoon that featured a family living in an advanced world (21)______people settle inhouses built in the sky, work only three days a week and drive flying cars that resemble flyingsaucers. While sky-high houses and three-day workweeks don‘tappear to be on the horizon, othervisions of the future (22)______(turn) into practical realities.Flying cars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades. They are part of atypical imaging of the future fast-paced and luxurious, (23)______(allow) us to speed through theskies. As (24)______ (see) in The Sky‘s No longer the Limit, this flight of fancy may soon be areality in Dubai. Aiming (25)______ (become) the world‘s most advanced city, Dubai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi.(26)______ money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today arelooking toward a world where even cash is out-of-date. Bitcoin is a type of digital money that hastaken the world by storm. Since its introduction, the money‘s price (27)______ (increase) to rates ashigh as US$ 19,000. This, however, may not predict well for the future of digital currency, asexperts warn that Bitcoin is a bubble and (28)______ crash soon. It‘s possible that some dreams the future may still be (29)______ ______ our reach.Other more probable technologies already exist, for example, future flying eye hospitals in AHospital with Wings, unusual-engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population ofendangered corals(珊瑚) in Lab-Bred Coral to the Rescue, etc. All these show (30)______humansare already capable of. So, what else could the future have in store for us?21 where 22 have been/are /are being turned 23 allowing 24. seen/is seen27. has increased 28may/might/can/could25.to become 26While/Though/Although29 out of 30. what【2018-崇明区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.China‘s Good Samaritan Law (见义勇为法) Takes EffectChina‘s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to help others. Under the law, people who voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, orwho they believe to be, injured, ill or in danger, will not have civil responsibility in the event ofharm to the victims.The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people(21)_____ (hesitate) to help fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed(讹诈) later.There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade (22)_____ people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and18 people passed by (23)_____ offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but (24)_____ (accuse)of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when (25)_____ (face) with demands for alarge sum of money.These cases (26)_____ (arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years.don‘t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely (27)_____ (hurt) bythe people you help. It is really a difficult choice,‖ one netizen said on Sina Weibo.(28)_____ there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushed aheadwith such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.However, some experts are concerned (29)_____ there could be some danger from a nationwideGood Samaritan Law. ―Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people. He hopedin critical conditions,‖ said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of Chinathe government (30)_____ introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance.21. hesitating 22. where 23. without 24. was accused 25. faced 26. have aroused 27. to be hurt 28. Although/Though/While 29. that 30. could【2018-奉贤区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: ―Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn onss never seems to gosunsets and makes night air smell better.‖ Indeed, in the eyes of artists, lonelineout of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) byloneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is fa r from romantic. Instead, it‘sa ―giant evil‖ that‘s become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the countryHer job is (22)_______ (deal) with the loneliness that thevery first ―Minister for Loneliness‖.a problem which, according to UK government research, is affectingcountry‘s been feeling —more than 9 million people in the country, and (23) ________ be more harmful to one‘s phys and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the ―loneliness capital of Europe‖ by The Teleg survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)________ (likely) to get toknow their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other Europeancountries.mean it is the problem (25)________ (affect) Britons only. In fact, we‘re allBut this doesn‘tsuffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to theinternet, (26) ________ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is tohave ―proper human connections‖.―Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast major ity of our time on our phones, on ourlaptops. (28)________ ________ ________ busy we are, we need to press pause on that andactually sit down and speak to human beings,‖ Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)________ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not beashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)________ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs,and literary works wouldn‘t even exist. Whether it is ―evil‖ or not, being lonely is simply part of experience of being human.21. are inspired 22.to deal 23.can/may 24. less likely 25. affecting26. which 27. what 28. No matter how 29. fighting 30. without【2018-虹口区-二模】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to afriend – the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel(22)____ ____ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-bookusers were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine foryour reading device, but you couldn‘t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble‘s response to Amazon‘s Kin electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_____ (press) on theirfriends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook andyour friend can read it for two weeks, (24)______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book-book readers.reader software. It‘s a big improvement from previous eThe Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just likewith Kindle. The difference is (25)______ on the lower part of the device there‘s a color touch。
【优秀联考Word】上海市青浦区2018届高三二模英语试题(有答案)
考生注意:1.本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前,考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
如用铅笔答题,或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
1. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To the bank.B. To the museum.C. To the clinic.D. To the restaurant.2. A. 10:07.B. 10:30.C. 11:00.D. 11:07.3. A. Use the woman's phone.B. Pay for the phone call.C. Get some change from Jane.D. Go and look for a pay phone.4. A. He likes to wear clean clothes.B. He changes his job frequently.C. He is careless about his appearance.D. He is ashamed of his present condition.5. A. Whether he has time on Saturday.B. Whether he can get access to the concert.C. Whether the tickets will be too expensive.D. Whether the woman is available on Saturday.6. A. They are complaining.B. They are bargaining.C. They are negotiating.D. They are arguing.7. A. The window smells of fresh paint.B. The man will clean the aif-conditioner.C. she'd like to have the window open.D. She prefers keeping the air-conditioner on.8. A. They are entertaining.B. They are time-consuming.C. They are boring.D. They are rewarding.9. A. She is fully engaged.B. She doesn't like get-together.C. She has some paper to bury.D. She questions the man's purpose.10. A. His notebook is missing.B. His handwriting is difficult to readC. He wasn't in class this morning either.D. He’s already lent his notes to someone else.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Photos of polar bears.B. Photos heavily edited.C. Photos of fine quality to appear in print.D. Photos reflecting scientists working life.12. A. A year's personal subscription to Nature is another award to winners.B. Photos can be uploaded to Twitter with the tag ScientistAtWork.C. Five winning photos will be published in one issue of Nature.D. All entries have to be sent to photocompetition@.13. A. To encourage people to work with scientists.B. To attract people to participate in a contest.C. To increase the sales of the magazine.D. To teach people how to take pictures.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because no team invited him to play.B. Because he stopped training for a while.C. Because he appeared to be too tired.D. Because he suffered from a disease.15. A. 8.5.B. 19.2.C. 44.D. 53.16. A. Bosh's great basketball career in NBA.B. The regular training Bosh took in NBA.C. Bosh's repeated desire to return to NBA.D. The reason why Bosh couldn't play at NBA.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He is training to fly a single engine plane.B. He hopes to be an international pilot.C. He is not sure about his future plan.D. He works for Air Canada.18. A. From his friends.B. From his father.C. From his training.D. From his university.19. A By attending special schools.B. By getting a private license first.C. By getting into an airline company first.D. By passing a test for commercial license.20. A. His flying hours in total.B. His interview performance.C. His university degrees.D. His private pilot license.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The kindness of Kiwi Lotte(乐透彩票) winnersWe’ve all dreamed of winning the Lotto but what actually happens when our numbers come up? The answer is rather heart-warming. New research out today from Lotto New Zealand reveals three-quarters of Powerball winners think of sharing (21)______ spending.One lucky Powerball winner from Tauranga was even thinking of others before his numbers came up. "A week before I won Lotto, I saw an ambulance(22)______ side bore the name of the donor, and I thought, ' if l ever win Lotto, that's what I will do' and then 10 days' later I won," he said. Having won $5.5 million dollars. he's now spending a part of the money on two ambulances for his local hospital. "They're going to say (23)_______ (donate) by a Lotto winner' on the side. I hope that it will inspire others to pay it forward if they ever find (24)_______ in a fortunate position like I have.""My life (25) ______ (save) many years ago by a St John ambulance and it's a marvellous feeling repaying back that kindness." It was this kind of behavior (26)_______ led to Lotto NZ's inspiring true story of a Kiwi man who won $15 million and, honouring a promise made long ago, went halves with his mate.2017 was the (27) ______ (lucky) year on record for Powerball winners. "Last year, there were 19 different Powerball winners—(28) ______ most of them had in common was the desire to share their good fortune," said EmiliaMazur, General Manager Corporate Communications."Another Tauranga man won $10 million with Powerball in July and once he got over the shock of winning, his first thought was his community and he has since shared some of his winnings to upgrade its facilities."Group players are natural sharers—not only (29) ______ they share the winnings among themselves but they also then want to help out other."Everyone is just so happy, it's created an amazing sense of freedom. " said one of the group leaders Tina. "For me personally, (30) ______ (know) how much of a significant difference you have made to your family and your circle of friends, I have a feeling that I have never experienced it's an unquantifiable feeling—it's magic."Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. spareB. removedC. remindingD. addressedE. postingF. viralG. approved H. scheme I. permit J. implement K. promotionalSwiss village bans tourists from taking photo because it’s too beautiful Located in the Swiss Alps, near the famous resort of St. Moritz, the commune of Bergan is one of the most beautiful mountain villages in Europe. So beautiful, in fact, that photos of it shared on social media may make people feel depressed that they cant visit, so local authorities banned tourists from taking photos.It may sound like a joke, but it's actually a new law adopted by the Bergan village council and 31 by its mayor. To discourage visitors from taking photos in Bergan, they plan to 32 a symbolic e5 fine for those caught breaking the new rules.According to a statement by the Bergan tourism authority, "It is scientifically proven that beautiful holiday photos on social media make the viewers unhappy because they cannot be there themselves."However, it seems unlikely that Bergun's new law was really thought of as a way to 33 Facebook or Instagram users of the depressing experience of seeing the beauty of the village. As the news went 34 online, many assumed that it was actually a clever marketing 35 , a theory that was at least partially confirmed by the village's director of tourism, Marc-Andrea Barandun."In the background of course the idea is that everyone is talking about Bergan," he told The Local. "So it's a combination of both we made the law and also there's some marketing aim behind it."To show that they were serious about the law, Bergin authorities 36 photos of the village from its Facebook and Twitter accounts, and declared their intention to delete them from the Bergan website too.If the new law was just a 37 strategy, it actually worked wonders, as people started 38 more photos of the beautiful mountain village soon after news of the photo ban started making news headlines.A few days ago, Mayor Nicolay 39 the debatable photo ban in a video, where he offered people visiting Bergan a special 40 to take photos. He reminded them to think twice before sharing the pictures online, though, as they could be making their friends depressed.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A cliche is a phrase that has been used so many times that it comes out of the mouth or the computer without stirring up a wave in the mind of the speaker, the typist, the listener or the reader. The word was part of the technical term of the French printing trade in the 19th century, the name for a plate used in the printing process, and it is still used with that meaning in English and other languages. By the middle of the same century, the word was being used in French, shortly followed by English, as a simile(比喻) for 41 used expressions.Cliches can be 42 according to whether they were originally idioms, similes and proverbs, expressions from trades or 43 phrases.Many idioms have been so universally overused that they have been 44 —phrases like far and wide, by leaps and bounds or safe and sound. Our second category could be similes and proverbs that now fall off the 45 with little meaning, similes like as cool as a cucumber, which 46 around 400 years.A large category is 47 from the terms of trades and professions, sports and games, and other national concerns. Many are 48 cliches, as is fitting for the British, as an island nation, with examples like to leave a sinking ship, to know the ropes, to stick to one's guns.Our last broad category of cliche might be phrases which were 49 when they were first coined, but have become ineffective through constant use. When a football manager, asked how he felt about the 50 of his team, said that he was as sick as a parrot. Since then, it has been so overused that it has lost its 51 To explore every avenue and to leave no stone unturned are two political cliches of this class. No politician with any sensitivity for language could use either of those phrases 52 , yet you hear them still, all the time.No doubt we could specify the classes of cliches into further subdivisions until the cows come home. But there is no need to. We all agree that cliches are to be 53 by careful writers and speakers at all times, don't we? Well, actually, no, not I. Life, and language, are so full of cliches that silence will hold the position if you 54 us the use ofcliche. So many millions of people have spoken and written cliches so 55 that it is almost impossible to find ideas and phrases that have not been used many times before.41. A. occasionally B. frequently C. technically D. grammatical42. A. confirmed B. quoted C. inferred D. classified43. A. invented B. customized C. recognized D. underlined44. A. highlighted B. tailored C. weakened D. enriched45. A. nose B. eyes C. lips D. forehead46. A. dates back B. catches on C. takes shape D. gives out47. A. detected B. drawn C. excluded D. initiated48. A. remote B. temperate C. urban D. oceanic49. A. boring B. striking C. entertaining D. annoying50. A. expense B. punishment C. defeat D. age51. A. origin B. shine C. statue D. humour52. A. seriously B. fluently C. flexibly D. properly53. A. adjusted B. adapted C. adopted D. avoided54. A. deny B. allow C. forbid D. promise55. A. casual B. decently C. reluctantly D. ceaselesslySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFree to SoarOne windy spring day, I observed young people having fun using the wind to fly their kites. Multicolored creations of varying shapes and sizes filled the skies like beautiful birds racing and dancing. As the strong winds blew against the kites, a string kept them in check.Instead of blowing away with the wind, they arose against it to achieve great heights. They shook and pulled, but the string and the tail kept them attached, facing upward and against the wind. The kites struggled and kept being dragged behind, facing upward and against the wind. As the kites struggled and trembled against the string. they seemed to say, "Let me go! Let me go! I want to be free!" They soared beautifully even as they fought the restriction ofthe string Finally, one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose. "Free at last," it seemed to say. "Free to fly with the wind."Yet freedom from restriction simply put it at the mercy of a cruel breeze. It flew ungracefully to the ground and landed in a messed mass of weeds and string against a dead bush. "Free at last", free to lie powerless in the dirt, to be blown helplessly along the ground, and to stop lifeless against the first obstruction.How much like kites we sometimes are. The heaven gives us misfortune and limitations, rules to follow from which we can grow and gain strength. Restriction is a necessary companion to the winds of opposition. Some of us resist the rules so hard that we never soar to reach the heights we might have obtained. We keep part of the order and never rise high enough to get our tails off the ground.Let us each rise to the great heights, recognizing that some of the restrctions that we may be annoyed at are actually the steadying force that helps us improve and achieve.56. According to paragraph 2, "Let me go!" is said by______.A. the kiteB. the windC. the birdD. the flyer57. Which of the following words has the meaning closest to the underlined word "obstruction" in paragraph 3?A. destructionB. miracleC. observationD. obstacle58. According to the writer, in what way is man similar to kites?A. Man will never reach the desirable height unless he breaks some rules.B. Man can be empowered by difficulties to go further and higher.C. Man desires freedom but only a few will succeed.D. Man is limited by his surroundings.59. By telling the story of kite flying, the writer wants to share the lesson that______.A. rules are made to be brokenB. flying a kite involves skills and patienceC. sometimes difficulties can be potential blessingsD. it's no use complaining about the difficulties we encounterBGer, share & apply knowledgeOffer awesome support 24/7With a self-service online knowledge base, customers can find instant answers to their questions. This means fewer support tickets and less workload for your agents. Likewise, support agents and employees can also find instant answers by searching the internal knowledge base for any questions about company best practices, policies and more. Access anime, anywhereProProfs ensures your documentation fits all screen sizes and is accessible on multiples devices including iPhone, iPad, Android, iOs etc. There's also no extra effort or coding at your end. All your documentation including tables, fonts(字体)sizes, large images and screenshots are automatically resized to fit smaller screens.Collaborate to create & share knowledgeBring different teams together to create and share knowledge on a central platform. Define roles and permissions for your team members to control who can access what in your knowledge base. Build private knowledge bases, accessible only to authorized users, with advanced authoring features such as conditional logic, workflows and more.100+ settings & combinationsControl and manage user access with single sign-on and advanced security settings. Design beautiful FAQS using branding features and pre-made templates(模板), or customize fully with CSS and HTML. Set up roles and permissions and combine with popular tools such as Zendesk, Google Analytics, Wufoo and more.60. By searching the internal knowledge base, you can____.A. access the Help CenterB. enjoy user-friendly manualsC. create a secure resource centerD. learn the company's practices and policies61. The Knowledge Base Software can offer the following functions EXCEPT that_____.A. users of ProProfs can read the manuals on their mobile phonesB. the service that ProProfs offers to its users is accessible around the clockC. with ProProts, users can readjust the size of their documentation to their screensD different users can be grouped together on a central platform to share knowledge62. How does the software ProProfs tighten its security?A. By authorizing different users.B. By creating a central platform.C. By offering single sign-on settings.D. By building private knowledge bases.CThe largest-ever study of the link between city walkability and high blood pressure has been held up as evidence of the "invisible value of urban design" in improving long-term health outcomes, say researchers.The study of around 430,000 people aged between 38 and 73 and living in 22 UK cities found significant associations between the increased walkability of a neighborhood, lower blood pressure and reduced risk of high blood pressure among its residents.The outcomes remained consistent even after adjustments for socio-demographic(社会人口统计学) lifestyle and changing physical environment factors, though the protective effects were particularly pronounced among participants aged between 50 and 60, women, and those residing in higher density and poor neighborhood.The paper was published in the international Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health this week. With high blood pressure a major risk factor for chronic(慢性的)and particularly heart diseases. researchers at the University of Hong Kong and Oxford University said the findings demonstrated the need to take notice of the health-influencing factor in urban design."With the increasing pace of urbanization and demographic shifts towards an ageing population, we become more likely to suffer from chronic diseases, "said Dr Chinmoy Sarkar, an assistant professor at the Healthy High DensityCities Lab of the University of Hong Kong and lead author of the study. "The action taken to improve public health must consider the invisible value of urban planning and design.”"We are spending billions of pounds in preventing and curing heart diseases—if we are able to invest in creating healthy cities through small changes in the design of our neighborhoods to make them more activity-friendly and walkable, then probably, we will have significant savings in future healthcare expenses."To measure a neighborhood’s activity-promoting potential, researchers developed a set of index of walkability containing relevant urban elements, including residential and retail(零售)density, public transport, street-level movement, and distance to attractive destinations.Poorly designed spaces generally reduced walking and physical activity, promoting the lifestyles of long time sitting down and not moving, and were harmful to social interactions, and as such associated with poorer mental and physical health.Because walkability was "based on the underlying design of the city", said Sarkar, cities could be modified or designed to encourage it "Such investments in healthy design are likely to bring in long-term gains as they are enduring and common."63. By considering "invisible value of urban design", people can_____.A. reduce the ageing populationB. slow down the pace of urbanizationC. promote activity-friendly and walkable citiesD. invest in preventing and curing heart diseases64. What can be inferred from the passage?A. A set of index is essential to ensure that urban design promotes walkability.B. Walkable cities can lower blood pressure and the risk of high blood pressure.C. Chronic diseases are becoming common due to peoples neglect of their health.D. middle-aged women living in poor areas are less likely to benefit from increased walkability.65. All of the following are the undesirable consequences of poorly-designed neighborhoods EXCEPT____.A. failing healthB. unhealthy lifestyleC. fewer social interactionsD. fewer neighborhoods66. According to Dr. Chinmoy Sarka, ________.A. cities should encourage the residents to engage in social interactionsB. the design of our neighborhoods should meet people's needs for retail densityC. money invested in creating healthy cities is money saved in future healthcare expensesD. chronic diseases will be common because of our lifestyle and the physical environmentSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. I truly express my respect for Shan and his team for their contributions.B. With regard to cultural heritage restoration, Shan said the museum opened a restoration hospital atthe end of 2016.C. A total of 600 people from all walks of life, including over 100 foreign guests, participated in theactivity.D. I will learn more about Chinese culture from the magnificent ancient objects.E. Our design teams often study consumer demands and create cultural items that are nice to look atand practical to use.F. Traditional craftsmanship is combined with modern methods, and the lives of ancient culturalobjects will be lengthened by the so-called doctors.Make traditiona measures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. 67On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure(基础设施), restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museums cultural items."The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available," Shan said. " 68 Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museums cultural items have been more than I billion yuan ($158million), Explaining the huge success of Palace Museums cultural souvenirs, Shan said: "The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor lowfor years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum." "Therefore, I wanted to change the situation Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people's daily lives."69 Around 200 "doctors" are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.John Aquilina, Malta's ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. "China enjoys a long and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. 70 ."IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Ban the bag!Standing in line at the grocery store last week, I watched the woman in front of me buy a tube of toothpast. As the clerk placed her purchase in a plastic bag, I couldn't help wondering how long it would take for that bag to end up in the trash. Then I noticed the big purse the woman was carrying and wondered why she had needed a plastic bag at all.People have come to rely on plastic bags as everything from shopping bags for groceries to trash-can bags. Although plastic bags can be recycled, only about one percent of those used in the United States are. Instead, after helping people transport items from one place to another, most are thrown away. They end up in landfills, where it can take a plastic bag up to a thousand years to decay. Some bags end up elsewhere n the environment, sticking to trees and fences, blocking rivers and oceans, or floating along city sidewalks.Plastic bags harm the environment in several ways. First they break down into particles that pollute our soil and water. Because most plastic bags are made of polyethylene, a product derived from crude oil (原油)or natural gas, they waste nonrenewable resources. Plastic bags can also harm animals. Scientists estimate that more than one million sea animals, including whales, seabirds, and turtles, die each year from intaking or becoming stranded in plastic.People all over the world are starting to recognize the problems associated with plastic bags. Countries such as China, South Africa, Switzerland, and Uganda are taking action and banning the hags. Other nations, including Italy and Ireland, have been trying to restrict the use of plastic bags by taxing them. In the United States more and more communities are ridding themselves of plastic bags. Now more and more people are also purchasing inexpensive, reusable bags and using them when they shop. If we all take this simple step, we can be a part of a "green" revolution.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.全世界掀起了一股学中文的潮流。
2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Foreign Giants Target Chinese Milk MarketEuropean dairy products giant Arla Foods has chosen a leading Chinese milk manufacturers as a business partner for its 31 in China—a clear sign that overseas companies are starting to cultivate huge China’s dairy market by tying up with local players.Arla signed the cooperation 32 , which comes into effect this month, with Mengniu Dairy at the end of August to set up a milk-powder joint venture in Hohhot, capital of North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The deal between Arle Foods and Mengniu can be seen as a new 33 fo r Multinational’s re-entry into the sector.Many foreign giants have found it difficult to create 34 profits in domestic milk market, especially the liquid-milk sector, which is followed closely by price wars and dominated by local 35 —companies like Danone, Kraft and Friesland Coberco have quitted dairy production in China.A few have been successful—Nestle, Intel, Bristo-Myers Squibb and Wyeth have 36 the high-end milk-formula market in China.“We will watch the market closely and re-invest here in a(n) 37 time,” an official of the Dutch firm Friesland said when it 38 its investment in its Tianjin joint venture last year after eight years.The company has 39 its Chinese partner to continue using its Dutch Lady brand and also sells its imported Friso infant foods, Dutch Lady milk powder and Dutch Lady Calcimex in the Chinese market through its 40 company in Hong Kong.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why India's Pink City' is a Photographer's HeavenThe city of Jaipur is one of India's wonders. It ___31_____ some of the country's most decorative royal palaces-elegant structures designed hundreds of years ago that still attract visitors today. Largely built in the 1700s, Jaipur is surrounded by a city wall and several ____32___ castles. Considered as a commercial center, it was ahead of its time due to the use of grid iron (网格状) city planning.A romantic dusty pink type-which has _____33____ the city since 1876, after it was painted pink towel come Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert-gives Jaipur its ___34_______ as the "Pink City". This ___35_____beauty is what first brought Hong Kong-based photographers Victor Cheng and Samantha Wong to Jaipur.Walking in glass skyscrapers for century-old royal palaces and historic castles, the pair-who have 130,000 Instagram followers between them-said that the images they ____36_____in Jaipur received a lot of response online. "A lot of our followers hadn't seen this side of India, so we're happy we were able to show this side of the country." Cheng said.For the photographers, one of the city's most fascinating features is the light pink coloring of its buildings. “The first gate you see when you enter are pink,” said Wong. “Once you’re through, everything around you varies in different ______37____ of the color-from bright pinks to reddish browns."The building is a(n) _____38_____ of the City Palace, and its windows allowed royal women to observe street life without appearing in public. One of Cheng's most striking photos shows a straight front of the building and its hundreds of windows. The building's lively coloring also pushed Cheng to take a different ______39____ to editing than with images of other cities. "Itoned down my usual editing process because the pink was so bright in reality," he said, "I wanted the photos to _____40__the actual color I was seeing myself and to maintain its tone."Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) (31)________ difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively (32)_______ any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) (33)_______ that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the (34)_______?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to (35)_______ the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the (36)_______ requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic(语言的) abilities they see ascrucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to (37)_______ candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills --- but it’s also a far mo re important (38)_______ to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City --- the most (39)_______ diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was (40)_______ about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him --- just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He Is KindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed not to have changed from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _ 31 himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife 32 far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists, he finds it 33 to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still 34 light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. No one else can touch his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and 35 of character. He can become almost any kind of writer thathis peculiarly restless character will 36 .Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he 37 great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it, he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist's book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful_ 38 .Just what he will write in the future remains_ 39 . With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be 40 the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Before science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple ofhours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Whether you're trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo (班卓琴) song, you' re probably 31 following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we're taught using the "blocking" strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until we've mastered it, before 32 to the next concept. But several newneurological(神经学的) 33 show that an up and coming learning method called "interleaving" improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it 34 the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you 35 it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple 36 skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to 37 how your brain processes new your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn't get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to 38 focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn't cut any comers, so your brain is always on 39 . Think of the difference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one 40 over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it'sbecoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines tomaster."Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfall events linked t o global warming continue to upset our daily weather, we often forget they also ____31____ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ____32_____ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list. Indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ____33____ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to _____34____ the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and _____35____ rain . However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be ____36____ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures sap more moisture from from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut plants grow best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree the climate of the future will be the ____37____, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the dry ____38____caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the _____39_____ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) be ____40____ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate(硫酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bob Dylan Wins a Nobel Prize in LiteratureBob Dylan has won the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature. The productive musician is the first Nobel winner to have followed a career primarily as a singer-songwriter. What’s more, he’s also the first American to have won the prize in more than two decades. Not since novelist Toni Morrison won in 1993 has an American 31 the prize.Dylan earned the prize “for having 32 new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition,” according to the statement by the Swedish Academy, the committee that annually decides the winter of the Nobel Prize. The academy’s permanent secretary, Sara Danius, announced the news Thursday.The win comes as something of a(n) 33 . As usual, the Swedish Academy did not announce a shortlist of nominees(被提名者), leaving the betting markets to their best 34 .And while Dylan has enjoyed favor as an outside shot for the award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the American s’ long dry period was regarded as unlikely---especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U. S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol(偶像),”the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision: “He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U. S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-inc ome countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.Section BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used onlyonce. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.Can Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Luz Claudio, a professor of environmental medici ne and public health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the real world — in your home or in your office space — the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greatereffect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.He is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__.Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a trainingcamp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__.Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Parents have been concerned about their kids’use of technology since the dawn of technology—or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up___31___to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that 50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech__32___. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly__33___hold on all of us ---and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gats, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora’s Box she and her husband helped open. “I spent my career in technology. I wasn’t prepared for its effect on my kids.” She wrote. “Phones and apps aren’t good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don’t’ yet have the。
2018年上海市青浦区中考英语二模试卷和参考答案
2018年上海市青浦区中考英语二模试卷和参考答案2018年上海市青浦区中考英语二模试卷一、Listening Comprehension (听力理解)(共30分)1.(6分)1.2.3.4.5.6.2.(1分)A.A red sweater.B.A green sweater.C.A white sweater.D.A yellow sweater.3.(1分)A.America.B.France.C.Japan.D.Italy.4.(1分)A.By bus.B.By bike.C.On foot.D.By taxi.5.(1分)A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.D.Cold.6.(1分)A.Because she wanted to be healthier.B.Because swimming was fun.C.Because skating was difficult to learn.D.Because she lived in Canada.7.(1分)A.In a cinema.B.In a library.C.In a train.D.In a hospital.8.(1分)A.He will make a phone call to them.B.He will see the movie with them.C.He has seen the movie before.D.He will not meet Jenny tomorrow.9.(1分)A.How to use the four skills.B.The easy way of reading and writing.C.How to learn English faster.D.The importance of practicing English.10.(6分)(1)Betty calls the Helpline because she has a problem with her friend.(2)If Betty wants to get help,she should tell the Helpline who her friend is.(3)Betty and her friend are in different schools,and they keep in touch with each other.(4)This term Betty went to see her friend,but she refused to speak to her.(5)The Helpline asks Betty to write a letter to her friend,or she will probably feel lonely.(6)At last Betty manages to get some advice from the Friendship Helpline.11.(10分)(1)In Denmark (丹麦),the schools set up by parents have to follow courses (课程).(2)Some of the schools are called "small schools",but a school must have at least.(3)Many parents of Cooleenbridge School came from Germany,England and。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语二模汇编最新最全----语法填空-带答案(已经校对终结版)
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend – the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel (22)____ ____ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_____ (press) on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks, (24)______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is (25)______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen, (26)______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.(27)______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)______ (read) whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Ba rnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically, (29)______ (turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website, (30)______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstores, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobs.KEYS:21. what 22. as if/though 23. pressed 24. using 25. that 26. which 27. Another 28. to read 29. has turned out (turns out) 30. ifⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife secrets of Nigeria's last wildernessResearchers from Chester Zoo, working with the Nigeria National Park Service, surveyed over 1,000 square kilometres of the national park. Known (21)__ __ its mountain rainforests, savannah woodlands and rolling grasslands, it is home to some of West Africa's most endangered animals.The cameras (22) (spot) some animals that have never been recorded before in the area and others, like chimps, (23) are rarely seen. Stuart Nixon, the Africa Field Programme Co-ordinator at Chester Zoo, said confirmation of the locations of chimps was an important discovery." Gashaka's been regarded for many years as (24)_____ (have) the biggest population of this Nigeria-Cameroon chimp, which is the rarest chimp subspecies," he said." We consider it the most important population - that's really (25)_______we need to count it and see what the status of the chimp is right now - that will ultimately affect what we know about this subspecies elsewhere."The chimp (26)_______(endanger) across its range in Cameroon and Nigeria. Its total population is down to fewer than 9,000 individuals, of which about 1,000 are thought (27)________(live) to live within the borders of the national park. "It's an incredible tool to use these camera traps and to reveal that this park - which is a (28)______(forget)forgotten wilderness, really, for Nigeria - still has a really important reservoir of important species for Nigeria and Africa in general," said Stuart Nixon.Chester Zoo is funding guards for the rangers and providing training in wildlife monitoring and protection. "This work is helping us learn more about the secrets of one of our last wilderness areas and we must continue to work together to ensure (29)________survival for future generations. "(30)_________ all this beauty were lost it would be a terrible tragedy for all."Keys:21 for 22. spotted 23. which 24. having 25. why 26. is endangered 27. to live 28. forgotten 29. its 30. IfII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma (21)_______ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt (22)_______ the puma began in a small village where a woman (23)_______ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being (24)________ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at (25)_______ place twenty miles away in the evening. (26)_______ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of “cat-like noises” at night and a businessman on a (27)_______ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, (28)_______ where had it come from?As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one (29)_______ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing (30)_______(think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.KEYS:21. had been spotted 22. for 23. picking 24. unless 25. another26. Wherever 27. fishing 28. but 29. must 30. to thinkⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of the government.(21)_______ (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for 50 years. There were(22)_______ (share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months(23)_______ he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison's reply remind us that friends are friends till death."The friendship which (24)________ (exist)between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles an pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. it's also been a great comfort to me (25)_______ (believe)that you are engaged in vindicating(证实)to the younger generation the course that we've pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with (26)_______ single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to (27)_______ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a great supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my last affections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back (28)_______ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. (29)_______ they are a source of pleasure to you, they are the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去)of the happy consciousness of the puredevotion to the public good and I have confidence (30)_______ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld while we are here.”Keys:21. developing 22. shared 23. before 24. has existed 25. to believe26. a 27. which 28. to/on 29.If 30. thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being available only in Japanese.Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog’s garden (22)________ ________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog’s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game’s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn’t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download)g ames from Apple’s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media,(24)__________ users post photos of their frogs’ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collecting game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local mediaoutlets reported that the game’s slow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like’ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People’s Daily suggested that peopl e (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015.KEYS:21. despite 22. so that 23. downloaded 24. where 25. it25. adding 27. should 28. was created 29. to improve 30. whetherII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Aunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)________ (late) foreign films.Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. "It isn't the same," she says. "For one thing, the screen's too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!"However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)________ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently-from Mother. "It may surprise you to lean that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young, "she told us. "She used to wait outside film studios all day, just (23)__________ (appear)in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they(24)__________ (make). Therefore, she couldn't go to see(25)__________ in the film at the cinema!"All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)_________ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)__________ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)__________ she could remember her words perfectly And(29)__________ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!"Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn't in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)_________ (go)to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!"Keys:21 the latest 22. though 23. to appear 24. were making 25 herself26. when 27. a 28. until 29. on 30. goingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbors or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part ofthe experience of being human.Keys:21 are inspired 22. to deal 23. can/may 24. less likely 25 affecting26. which 27. what 28. No matter how 29. fighting 30. withoutII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get (21)_______ (wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are hard-wired that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)________ is delayed," Volkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemical named dopamine. It causes the brain (23)_______ (pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right cue from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24)________ (destroy) attempts to shed bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)_______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says. "It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance rebates for adopting better habits.(26)______ well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps thatmay help fight your brain's hold (27)_______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior –the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)_______(make) the striatum(终脑皮层) recognize the habit, "if you don't keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)_______ your muscles protest。
2018届高三英语二模汇编--六选四
2018届高三英语二模汇编——六选四1、2018黄浦二模Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The sensors on a fully self -driving car require special care.B.Orduña wouldn’t reveal exactly how they’re washing the vehicles.C.The most advanced cars on the planet require an old-fashioned handwashing.D.Meanwhile, some companies, such as Cruise, are building sensor cleaning equipment into their vehicles.E.There are a range of problems with putting a self-driving vehicle through a traditional car wash, experts say.F. A self-driving vehicle’s external needs to be cleaned even more frequently than a typical car because thesensors must remain free of obstacles.For Self-driving Cars, Car Washes are a NightmareCar washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully self-driving vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.__67__ For example, soap remainder or water spots could effectively “blind” a self-driving car. A traditional car wash’s heavy brushes could jar the vehicle’s sensors, disturbing their standardization and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. __68__ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle’s ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving vans of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google’s parent company. Avis chief innovation officer Arthur Orduña told CNN, “There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean the vans quite often.”__69__ But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive, AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber (微纤维) cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.__70__ This should ease some need for manual cleaning. But because self-driving vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn’t imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.答案:67-70 EFBD2、2018普陀二模A. In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. It is how to use imagination creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?E. But if you begin to enter this field, imitation proves useful.F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptablebehaviors.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ______67______Imitating role models is like using training whe els on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.______68______ If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. ______69______Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. ______70______ The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”答案:67-70 D A F B3、2018徐汇二模A.Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.B.In that way, a problem shared can really be a problem halved.C.Girls are more likely than boys to co-ruminate with their close friends.D.Indeed, having close friends to trust may protect you against poor mental health.E.This human tendency to work things out in one’s mind, is common.F.How you co-ruminate matters too.People discuss their pro blems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam.(67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found thatco-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties. (70)________________答案:67-70 DAFB4、2018杨浦二模A. We could see increased tensions and conflict as a result of pressure on scarce resources.B. The report shows that with proper efforts the number of climate migrants could be reduceddramatically, from 140 million to 40 million by 2050.C. Some measures that could help helpless people adapt to climate change were on the agenda.D. However, it noted that cities must take the time to plan for the possibility for a flood of people.E. Countries that are becoming more restrictive on migration are those who are largely responsible forglobal warming.F. It found that unless urgent action is taken, the regions will likely have to deal with tens of millions ofso-called climate migrants.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. __________67__________Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.__________68__________ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. __________69__________“Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “__________70__________” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country.The report notes that any rise in climate migration willbe in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.答案:67-70 F B D A5、2018崇明二模A.Age really should be treated as just a number.B.Felt age might play a role in more than just how you feel.C.Feeling young is about maintaining vitality as you get older.D.Self-felt age has the potential to change, so interventions (干预) may be possible.E.And other studies suggest that there could be more benefits to thinking yourself younger,besides a longer life.F.People who feel younger than the number of years they have on the clock get more pleasurethan people who feel their age.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers... you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.67 Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for the study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “ 68 Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health messages promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69 One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. 70答案:67. B 68. D 69. E 70. A6、2018长宁二模A.Some experts think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts.B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized.D. The palace that Evans unearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.E. Minoan culture didn’t exist before Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth.F.Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time.The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符) show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). 70The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.答案:67—70 DFBA7、2018松江(闵行)二模A. The rhythm of life is a slight beat.B. Experts say every aspect of human bodies is influenced by daily rhythms.C. Jenny Hope claims to have tested her body clocks to the limit.D. This is a key reason why shift work can cause so many problems.E. Many people study the state of their biorhythms before making their daily plans.F. Such a dangerous combination never gave their bodies’ natural rhythms a chance to settledown.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat—and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his biorhythms to plan for big fights.68 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our manmade 24hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2°C to a predawn low of 36.1°C, mental functions fall too. 69The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.答案:67-70 EBDF8、2018宝山二模A.They thus focused on two elements that are typical for contemporary work environments.B.The researchers used online questionnaires to obtain data.C.The notion that obtaining external feedback about one's ideas is essential for increasingcreativity is deeply rooted in society.D.The most important is that when an organization stimulates feedback seeking, it needs toensure that the work environment is excellent enough to use the benefits of feedback.E.The question, however, is whether these beneficial effects always occur.F. The creative achievements were assessed by their direct managers.Seeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativity It is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees' creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work environment. This isthe conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.(67)________For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who have obtained feedback will also actually (be able to) use it.“The idea is simple: seeking feedback from different sources - also known as feedback source variety -- benefits one's creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints”, says Sijbom. “And the more diverse the viewpoints, the more it benefits one's creativity because by combining all the different viewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity. (68)________ ”The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance. (69)________ One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work (experienced creative time pressure). “We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a re latively low creative time pressure is experienced”, says Sijbom.Sijbom offers several recommendations: “(70)________In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”答案:67--70 CEAD9、2018奉贤二模A. For OpenClassrooms, the company will certainly make profits as a technology provider.B. And it can explain why more and more people tend to apply for online courses.C. It’s the exact same degree that you would get at IESA, except that you won’t see any teachers.D.That’s why every week, you will get to video chat with a teacher.E. For OpenClassrooms, the company will surely enjoy a reputation for its technology.F. OpenClassrooms lets you work and study at the same time, and pay a lot less.You won’t have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup OpenClassrooms is offering the first State-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs (massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimédia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCs for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it’s hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a privateschool, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new MOOC students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for €20 per month, but you need to pay €300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. It’s unclear how much OpenClassrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it’s a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can’t afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it’s probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It’s an interesting new direction for OpenClassrooms, and I can’t wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.答案:67-70 C D A F10、2018嘉定二模题目与长宁区相同11、2018浦东二模A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like it’s not ‘game over’ for old-school technology.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. _____67_____ And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground -- and now they are being talked about -- and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: _____68_____ I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?_____69_____ The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern gamesbut they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with -- your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb -- and limited graphics and sound capabilities.” This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. _____70_____This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.答案:67-70 B E A C12、2018静安二模A. The appropriate feeding and caring styles were greatly rewarded in all aspects.B. It was claimed that simply feeding and changing them would be adequate.C. Some, however, demonstrate little influence with roughly ordinary behavior pattern.a> D. Maternal attachment plays a fundamental role in shaping who we are.b> E. Necessities are not just the availability of food and water.c> F. And they simply didn’t grow like normal infants.early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. ___67___ In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages( 孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. ___68___ Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s. A ban on abortion(流产) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. ___69___ Their head sizes were especially small. They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. The Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending. It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity,. The reduced crime, addiction, distressand disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult life. ___70___ Remove it and the harm is great.答案:67-70 EBFD13、2018青浦二模A. I truly express my respect for Shan and his team for their contributions.B. With regard to cultural heritage restoration, Shan said the museum opened a restoration hospital atthe end of 2016.C. A total of 600 people from all walks of life, including over 100 foreign guests, participated in theactivity.D. I will learn more about Chinese culture from the magnificent ancient objects.E. Our design teams often study consumer demands and create cultural items that are nice to look atand practical to use.F. Traditional craftsmanship is combined with modern methods, and the lives of ancient culturalobjects will be lengthened by the so-called doctors.Make traditional treasures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. 67On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure(基础设施), restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museum’s cultural items.“The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available,” Shan said. “ 68 ” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.” “Therefore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”69 Around 200 “doctors” are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a long and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. 70 ”。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语---精校Word版含答案
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A —10分II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma 21(spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt 22 the puma began in a small village where a woman 23 (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from he r. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 24 it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at 25 place twenty miles away in the evening. 26 it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a 27(fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, 28 where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one 29 have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing 30 (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. Section B—10分Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word canbe used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. networkB. specifyC. traditionallyD. ingredientE. uneasyF. additionalG. culturallyH. blockI. determineJ. requirementK. criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) 31difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively 32 any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) 33 that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers Do you h ave the right employee to buildup the 34?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to 35 the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the 36 requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to 37 candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills—but it’s also a far more important 38 to success.I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City—the most 39 diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was 40 about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A—15分Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Hailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees partic ipants pick up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and 41 over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its 42—all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying 43 to jogging. we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone 44 — just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting 45 with their I environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to 46 our inland waterways of plastic pollution. There’s been a real 47 in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Pla net highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through 48 like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The plastic Patrol app allows users to 49 plastic anywhere in the world bycollecting discarded items, photographing them and 50 to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to combine run ning with a good cause, Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.51 among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, 52, Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get 53. By linking themselves together, the 54 —impaired individual can feel safe while both work ofa sweat.55 for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者). 41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D.control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D.delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D.initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. CyclingSection B—22 分Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in theevent of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties (定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to .A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in .A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master’s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. And a recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA (Master of BusinessAdministration) graduates at certain US schools and career prospects.To work at AmazonRoss School of Business (University of Michigan)Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice presi dent of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind this is that Ross’curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solvingcourse for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey& CompanyKellogg School of Management (Northwestern)For an MBA, landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school’s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard (23 percent) and Stanford (16 percent).To work at AppleFuqua School of Business (Duke)Silicon alley hasn’t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in .A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bus h’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in suchunmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that .A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s w ell-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space explorationD. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Section C—8分Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like its not ‘game over’ for old-school technologyRetro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. 67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground—and now they are being talked about—and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc... but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it’s important to recognize how well-designed many o f those classic games are…the developers had so little space to work with-your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb-and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today’s games. 70This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.IV. 71. Summary Writing—10分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60wonds. Use your own words as, far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to flare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn’t the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in American’s Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the “right to keep and bear arms.” So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation’s early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing thepleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America’s diverse gun culture. Most people who own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.V. Translation—15分Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息。
2018年上海市青浦区中考英语二模试卷(解析版)
2018年上海市青浦区中考英语二模试卷一、Listening Comprehension (听力理解)(共30分)1.(6分)1.2.3.4.5.6.2.(1分)A.A red sweater.B.A green sweater.C.A white sweater.D.A yellow sweater.3.(1分)A.America.B.France.C.Japan.D.Italy.4.(1分)A.By bus.B.By bike.C.On foot.D.By taxi.5.(1分)A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.D.Cold.6.(1分)A.Because she wanted to be healthier.B.Because swimming was fun.C.Because skating was difficult to learn.D.Because she lived in Canada.7.(1分)A.In a cinema.B.In a library.C.In a train.D.In a hospital.8.(1分)A.He will make a phone call to them.B.He will see the movie with them.C.He has seen the movie before.D.He will not meet Jenny tomorrow.9.(1分)A.How to use the four skills.B.The easy way of reading and writing.C.How to learn English faster.D.The importance of practicing English.10.(6分)(1)Betty calls the Helpline because she has a problem with her friend.(2)If Betty wants to get help,she should tell the Helpline who her friend is.(3)Betty and her friend are in different schools,and they keep in touch with each other.(4)This term Betty went to see her friend,but she refused to speak to her.(5)The Helpline asks Betty to write a letter to her friend,or she will probably feel lonely.(6)At last Betty manages to get some advice from the Friendship Helpline.11.(10分)(1)In Denmark (丹麦),the schools set up by parents have to follow courses (课程).(2)Some of the schools are called "small schools",but a school must have at least.(3)Many parents of Cooleenbridge School came from Germany,England and of Ireland (爱尔兰).(4)Cooleenbridge School is also a small school,and it was started 1986.(5)The teachers of the school think the important thing in school is not.二、Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案):(共20分)12.(1分)When it rains,it pours.Which is correct for the underlined part?()A.[e]B.[i:]C.[aɪ] D.[eɪ]13.(1分)The guests are told that the furniture in the flat is designed by ______ owner himself.()A.the B.an C.a D./14.(1分)Zhujiajiao,an old town with a history of hundreds of years,lies ____ the west of Shanghai.()A.on B.in C.to D.among15.(1分)The traveler asked ________ some water when he passed Granny Li's house.()A.by B.for C.with D.of16.(1分)It is said that having a glass of water first in the morning is good for ________ health.()A.we B.us C.our D.ours17.(1分)The teacher told the class that only three students failed the exam,and ________ all passed.()A.another B.the other C.others D.the others18.(1分)Mrs.Black wants to make some pizza,so she asks her husband to buy some ________.()A.apple B.butter C.egg D.potato19.(1分)The farmer looks ________,and he even agrees to show the visitors around his private garden.()A.happily B.nicely C.friendly D.gently20.(1分)After being rebuilt,the open﹣air museum became ________ attractive than before.()A.many B.more C.much D.most21.(1分)We ________ touch or take pictures of these exhibits (展品),for it's against the rules.()A.wouldn't B.needn't C.mustn't D.may not22.(1分)Mark ________ very hard in the university and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.()A.studied B.studies C.will study D.are studying23.(1分)The volunteers ________ a lot of waste bottles on the beach by the end of the tourism festival.()A.will collect B.have collectedC.was collecting D.had collected24.(1分)The old couple ________ not to trust any strangers when they were cheated last time.()A.are told B.would be toldC.were told D.will be told25.(1分)To save time,many airlines now allow passengers ________ their boarding passes online.()A.to print B.printing C.print D.printed26.(1分)Since it's your first visit to Britain,you'd better ____ something about the British culture.()A.learn B.learning C.learned D.to learn27.(1分)The kids have never been to such a wonderful amusement park before,______?()A.don't they B.do they C.haven't they D.have they28.(1分)Your mother will be happier ________ you can help with the housework when you have time.()A.if B.until C.where D.unless29.(1分)The road sign shows us ________.()A.how can we get to the International Meeting CenterB.which road leads to the International Meeting CenterC.where is the International Meeting CenterD.what can we do in the International Meeting Center30.(1分)﹣I think we should raise some money for charity.﹣________()A.What a pity! B.I'm sorry.C.What a surprise! D.That's a good idea.31.(1分)﹣Do you know when the next train leaves for Beijing?﹣________()A.No,thanks.B.Neither do I.C.I'm not quite sure.D.That's terrible!三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格.每空格限填一词,每词只能填一次)(共8分)32.(4分)A.kindnessB.hurtC.a huge bag ofD.as well as E.on the first dayIn a small village,the parents of a little boy were very worried about him because of his bad temper (脾气).The boy used to get angry very easily and(1)others with his words.While he forgot what he spoke in anger,his friends and neighbours avoided him.His mother and father tried many ways to make him give up his anger and develop (2).Unfortunately,all their attempts failed.Finally,the boy's father came up with an idea.One day,his father gave him (3)nails,asking him to hammer one nail to the fence every time he lost his temper.The little boy found it funny and accepted what his father had said.His anger drove him to hammer 30nails into the fence (4)! Over the next few days,the little boy found it very difficult to hammer the nails into the fence and decided to control his temper.33.(4分)A.pull out B.immediately C.when D.one of E.the sameGradually,the number of nails hammered into the fence was reduced and the day arrived (1)he hammered none!Now,his father told him to remove the nails every day as he had controlled his anger.Several days passed and the boy was able to (2)most of the nails from the fence.The father appreciated him and asked him pointing to (3)the holes,"What do you see there?"The boy replied,"A hole in the fence!"He told the boy,"The nails were your bad temper and they were hammered into people.You can remove the nails but still see the holes in the fence.The fence never looks (4)! It has scares (伤疤)all over! Your bad temper and anger were like that! Use words for good.Use them to show your heart!"四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子.每空格限填一词):(共8分)34.(1分)Aunt Petty could hardly believe her good when the lost necklace was found.(lucky)35.(1分)If you are interested in history,you may read these books.(France)36.(1分)My brother and I decided to buy a special gift for grandma's birthday.(seventy)37.(1分)Mr.Tailor and his assistants decided to give up the test because of the weather.(change)38.(1分)The of the football team made the fans become even more excited.(arrive)39.(1分)Nowadays more and more young people are eager to go aboard to their studies.(far)40.(1分)It is for a little boy to finish such a difficult task without any help.(possible)41.(1分)They worked in the lab for a whole week and solved the technical problem.(final)五、Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据要求改写句子.每空格限填一词)(共14分)42.(2分)Both of the two customers offered a high prize for the Chinese painting.(改为否定句)the two customers offered a high prize for the Chinese painting.43.(2分)When the spring came,the young man took his pets out twice a day.(对划线部分提问)did the young man take his pets out when the spring came?44.(2分)It took the astronauts a long time to get ready for the trip to the moon.(保持句意基本不变)The astronauts a long time in ready for the trip to the moon.45.(2分)The boy was very bright.He worked out the crossword in ten minutes.(合并为一句)The boy was bright he worked out the crossword in ten minutes.46.(2分)The editors have held several discussions,but they still can't make a decision.(保持句意基本不变)the editors have held several discussions,still can't make a decision.47.(2分)Their headmaster gave a wonderful speech on the Open Day.(改为感叹句)wonderful speech their headmaster gave on the Open Day! 48.(2分)a flower shop,owns,the town,in the center of,who (连词成句)?六、Reading Comprehension (阅读理解):(共50分)49.(12分)Beijing World Hotel(1)If you go to Sports Club,you can stay there.A.from 2:00p.m.to 9:30p.m.B.from 2:00a.m.to 9:30a.m.C.from 2:00a.m.to 9:30p.m.D.from 2:00p.m.to 9:30a.m.(2)According to the passage,Gourmet is a place where.A.you can live comfortablyB.you can visit anytime by day or nightC.you can buy something to eatD.you can buy anything you want(3)The underlined word "selections" in the passage possibly means "".A.wishesB.choicesC.waysD.lists(4)Which of the following statements about Brauhaus is Not true?A.You can enjoy real German beers and meals.B.Guests can enjoy nightly live band performance.C.Guests can feel the atmosphere of a bar in Berlin.D.You can stay there from morning till night.(5)If you want to find a place to sing karaoke,you can go to.A.Sports club.B.Lost Horizon.C.Gourmet.D.Brauhaus.(6)The purpose of this passage is to.A.invite guests to go to the hotelB.introduce ways to enjoy yourselvesC.invite guests to service centerD.introduce the service in the hotel50.(12分)Are you an optimist or a pessimist?Optimists always see the good side of things.Pessimists always expect the worst and see the bad side.The optimist says,"The glass is half﹣full." The pessimist says,"The glass is half﹣empty." Dr.Seligman is a scientist whose studies show that optimists are(1)than pessimists.Pessimists suffer from depression (抑郁症)more often than optimists do.Dr.Seligman studied a group of men who had heart attacks.After eight years,most of the optimistic men were still alive,while most of the pessimistic men had (2)another heart attack.Dr.Seligman also says that optimists are more successful.Sportsmen,politicians,and businessmen who have optimistic views of the world tend to (趋于)succeed.Here's the good news:Everyone can learn to be more optimistic.The main way is to (3)the way you talk to yourself.When something bad happens to pessimists,they believe it will affect their whole lives.When something bad happens to optimists,they see it as just one event.They also believe that they can solve the problem,so it won't happen again.Here's a(n)(4):An optimist and a pessimist take a math test.They are both good students,but both of them fail this test.The pessimist thinks,"I'm probably going to fail every test.I'm never going to learn math.It's too difficult for me.(5)will like me because I'm a terrible student." The optimist thinks,"It was only one test.I'm a smart student.I know I can do much better next time." Be kinder to yourself.Be more(6).Always see the glass as half﹣full!(1)A.happier B.healthier C.smarter D.younger(2)A.got rid of B.worried about C.died from D.waited for (3)A.change B.lose C.choose D.find(4)A.saying B.subject C.experiment D.example(5)A.Everybody B.Anybody C.Somebody D.Nobody(6)A.thankful B.useful C.hopeful D.careful 51.(14分)Liyuan LibraryLiyuan Library (篱苑书屋),known as one of China's most beautiful bookstores,is located in a small hillside village near Beijing.The project,designed by architect Li Xiaodong,was built with 40,000wooden sticks.In the village,Li found large amounts of wooden sticks piled around each house.The villagers gather these sticks all year round to fuel their cooking stoves (炉子).Thus they decided to use this (1)o material in a special way."This project is about the relationship of a building to the surroundings and (2)i role (角色)in serving the community (社区),rather than a building as an individual object," Li told the visitors.In the two﹣and﹣a ﹣half years of the operation,Liyuan Library has experienced unexpected levels of use and appreciation.A new bus (3)s has opened close by for the frequent visits by thousands of people,including local villagers,tourists from the Beijing urban area,and many international visitors as well."Everybody is(4)f to visit," explained Li."However,visitors are encouraged to bring two books to the library,and take one back home from the collection in order to keep the place a center of (5)k exchange." Instead of adding a new building in the village,they chose this site in the nearby mountains,a pleasant five﹣minute walk from the village center.In doing so,they could (6)p a place for clear thoughts when one takes the effort to head for the reading room.Li described his practice in the following way:"We try to (7)m technology,community,local materials,modern thinking and a traditional sense of identity together."52.(12分)Like most July days,it was hot.I stepped into a coffee shop to drink a cup of coffee.It was a tiny store with little round tables and chairs.As I entered,I found a very old woman bent over a table near the door.Her back was so badly twisted that her face nearly touched the table﹣top.I sat down facing her two tables away."Poor woman," I thought."What does she get out of life?Why does God let people live so long past their prime(鼎盛时期)?"As I thought,another aged lady entered the shop and sat down with her.Soon the two of them were talking about childhood days.They talked of how little the shop had changed in 70years…In minutes the two of them were trembling (颤抖)with laughter.I looked again at the first woman,then in the mirror on a nearby wall,catching a picture of myself.I was wearing a dirty shirt.She was well dressed in white,gold rings on her fingers.I was in low spirits.She was laughing,smiling.I was putting the pieces of my life together.She had millions of wonderful memories to recall.She was old but it wasn't hurting her.As I left the shop,I thought of my foolish questions about God letting People past their prime.Why,that woman was more alive,more sensitive than I was.Age has not bent her spirit (精神).(1)The story happened in a coffee shop in July,didn't it?(2)What did the writer think of the first woman when she saw her in the shop?(3)How did the two aged ladies feel when they were talking about their childhood days?(4)What does the underlined sentence "I was putting the pieces of my life together" mean?(5)How did the young writer and the old woman live according to the passage?The old woman lived a life,while the young writer led a life.(6)What did the young writer try to tell us in the story?七、Writing (共20分)53.(20分)Write at least 60words about the topic "My hometown in ten years".(以"十年后的家乡"为题,写一篇短文,不少于60词,标点符号不占格.)提示:十年后,你希望家乡会有哪些变化?是希望她的交通更为便捷,还是希望她成为一个山清水净的现代化田园?请展开你的想象,围绕一个中心简单描述一下.(注意:文中不得出现任何姓名、校名及其它相关信息,否则不予评分.)2018年上海市青浦区中考英语二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Listening Comprehension (听力理解)(共30分)1.(6分)1.略2.略3.略4.略5.略6.略【分析】略【解答】略2.(1分)A.A red sweater.B.A green sweater.C.A white sweater.D.A yellow sweater.【分析】略【解答】略3.(1分)A.America.B.France.C.Japan.D.Italy.【分析】略【解答】略4.(1分)A.By bus.B.By bike.C.On foot.D.By taxi.【分析】略【解答】略5.(1分)A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.D.Cold.【分析】略【解答】略6.(1分)A.Because she wanted to be healthier.B.Because swimming was fun.C.Because skating was difficult to learn.D.Because she lived in Canada.【分析】略【解答】略7.(1分)A.In a cinema.B.In a library.C.In a train.D.In a hospital.【分析】略【解答】略8.(1分)A.He will make a phone call to them.B.He will see the movie with them.C.He has seen the movie before.D.He will not meet Jenny tomorrow.【分析】略【解答】略9.(1分)A.How to use the four skills.B.The easy way of reading and writing.C.How to learn English faster.D.The importance of practicing English.【分析】略【解答】略10.(6分)(1)Betty calls the Helpline because she has a problem with her friend.略(2)If Betty wants to get help,she should tell the Helpline who her friend is.略(3)Betty and her friend are in different schools,and they keep in touch with each other.略(4)This term Betty went to see her friend,but she refused to speak to her.略(5)The Helpline asks Betty to write a letter to her friend,or she will probably feel lonely.略(6)At last Betty manages to get some advice from the Friendship Helpline.略【分析】略【解答】略11.(10分)(1)In Denmark (丹麦),the schools set up by parents have to follow 略略courses (课程).(2)Some of the schools are called "small schools",but a school must have at least 略略.(3)Many parents of Cooleenbridge School came from Germany,England and略略of Ireland (爱尔兰).(4)Cooleenbridge School is also a small school,and it was started略略1986.(5)The teachers of the school think the important thing in school is略not 略.【分析】略【解答】略二、Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案):(共20分)12.(1分)When it rains,it pours.Which is correct for the underlined part?()A.[e]B.[i:]C.[aɪ] D.[eɪ]【分析】哪一个是划线部分的发音?【解答】划线单词是rain,rain的音标是[reɪn],因此可知划线部分的音标是[eɪ],故选:D.13.(1分)The guests are told that the furniture in the flat is designed by ______ owner himself.()A.the B.an C.a D./【分析】客人们被告知公寓里的家具是由主人自己设计的.【解答】根据The guests are told that the furniture in the flat is designed by ______ owner himself可知这里特指公寓的主人,这里用定冠词the.故选:A.14.(1分)Zhujiajiao,an old town with a history of hundreds of years,lies ____ the west of Shanghai.()A.on B.in C.to D.among【分析】朱家角,一个有着几百年历史的古城,位于上海西部.【解答】on在..上面;in在…里面;to 紧挨着,不属于范围内;among在..之中;此题根据语境在上海西部,朱佳娇属于上海的一部分,应该用in,在西部是in the west.B故选:B.15.(1分)The traveler asked ________ some water when he passed Granny Li's house.()A.by B.for C.with D.of【分析】旅行者经过老奶奶家时要了些水.【解答】根据The traveler asked ________ some water when he passed Granny Li's house.可知旅行者经过老奶奶家时要了些水.这里ask for表示要…故选:B.16.(1分)It is said that having a glass of water first in the morning is good for ________ health.()A.we B.us C.our D.ours【分析】据说早晨喝一杯水对我们的健康有好处.【解答】根据语境推测句意是"据说早晨喝一杯水对我们的健康有好处.",设空处后面有名词,所以用形容词性物主代词作定语.故选:C.17.(1分)The teacher told the class that only three students failed the exam,and ________ all passed.()A.another B.the other C.others D.the others【分析】老师告诉同学们只有三个同学考试不及格,其他人都通过了.【解答】首先明确选项中出现的单词的意思和用法:another"另一个"(三者或三者以上中的另一个);the other"其他的/两者中的另一个";others"其他人"(是一个代词);the others其他人(固定范围之内的其他人).根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是"老师告诉同学们只有三个同学考试不及格,其他人都通过了.",此处指的是固定范围内的其他人.故选:D.18.(1分)Mrs.Black wants to make some pizza,so she asks her husband to buy some ________.()A.apple B.butter C.egg D.potato【分析】布莱克太太想做一些披萨,所以她要求他的丈夫买一些黄油.【解答】首先明确选项中每个单词意思,A:苹果(可数名词);B:黄油(不可数名词);C:鸡蛋(可数名词);D:土豆(可数名词);根据题干结合Mrs.Black wants to make some pizza推测设空处句子的句意是"布莱克太太想做一些披萨,所以她要求他的丈夫买一些黄油.",由于some后面跟不可数名词或可数名词复数形式,所以句子中缺少" 黄油"一词.故选:B.19.(1分)The farmer looks ________,and he even agrees to show the visitors around his private garden.()A.happily B.nicely C.friendly D.gently【分析】那个农民看上去很友好,他甚至同意带游客们参观他的私人花园.【解答】首先明确选项中每个单词意思,A:高兴地(副词);B:漂亮地(副词);C:友好的(形容词);D:温柔地(形容词);根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是"那个农民看上去很友好,他甚至同意带游客们参观他的私人花园.",由此判断句子中缺少" 友好的"一词.故选:C.20.(1分)After being rebuilt,the open﹣air museum became ________ attractivethan before.()A.many B.more C.much D.most【分析】重建后,露天博物馆变得比以前更吸引人了.【解答】根据After being rebuilt,the open﹣air museum became ________ attractive than before,可知这里than用于比较级,而attractive比较级需要加more.故选:B.21.(1分)We ________ touch or take pictures of these exhibits (展品),for it's against the rules.()A.wouldn't B.needn't C.mustn't D.may not【分析】我们不可以触摸展品或者是给那些展品拍照,因为这是违反规则的.【解答】结合选项可知本题考查情态动词,首先明确选项中每个单词的意思:A 将不会;B:不必;C:不可以;D:可能不;结合题干推测句意是"我们不可以触摸展品或者是给那些展品拍照,因为这是违反规则的.",所以mustn't 符合句意,故选:C.22.(1分)Mark ________ very hard in the university and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.()A.studied B.studies C.will study D.are studying【分析】马克在大学里学习很努力而且被选为学生会的主席.【解答】根据句意"马克在大学里学习很努力而且被选为学生会的主席."以及后半句"was made Chairman of the Students' Union."可知要用一般过去时.A是一般过去,B是一般现在时,C是一般将来时.D是现在进行时.故选:A.23.(1分)The volunteers ________ a lot of waste bottles on the beach by the end of the tourism festival.()A.will collect B.have collectedC.was collecting D.had collected【分析】旅游节结束时,志愿者们在海滩上收集了大量的废瓶子.【解答】根据句意"旅游节结束时,志愿者们在海滩上收集了大量的废瓶子."以及句中的时间状语by the end of the tourism festival 可知要用过去完成时.A一般将来时.B是现在完成时.C是过去进行时.D是过去完成时.故选:D.24.(1分)The old couple ________ not to trust any strangers when they were cheated last time.()A.are told B.would be toldC.were told D.will be told【分析】当这对老夫妇上次被骗时,他们被告知不要相信任何陌生人.【解答】根据时间状语为when they were cheated last time.故确定主句的时态为一般过去时态,主语the old couple是谓语动词tell的承受者二者形成被动关系,故确定为被动语态,故主句的谓语动词为一般过去时态的被动语态,其结构为was/were+过去分词,couple表示"一对夫妻"时,它若用作主语,谓语动词用复数,故填入were told.故选:C.25.(1分)To save time,many airlines now allow passengers ________ their boarding passes online.()A.to print B.printing C.print D.printed【分析】为了节省时间,许多航空公司现在允许乘客在网上打印登机牌.【解答】根据To save time,many airlines now allow passengers ________ their boarding passes online.可知句子考查allow sb to do sth表示允许某人做某事.故选:A.26.(1分)Since it's your first visit to Britain,you'd better ____ something about theBritish culture.()A.learn B.learning C.learned D.to learn【分析】因为这是你第一次来英国,你最好了解一下英国文化.【解答】根据you'd better ____ something about the British culture,可知这里考查had better do sth表示最好做某事.故选:A.27.(1分)The kids have never been to such a wonderful amusement park before,______?()A.don't they B.do they C.haven't they D.have they【分析】孩子们从来没有去过这么好的游乐园,是吗?【解答】根据句意"孩子们从来没有去过这么好的游乐园,是吗?"可知,要用一般现在时,需要添加助动词have,前面有never,是否定句,后面要用肯定形式.故选:D.28.(1分)Your mother will be happier ________ you can help with the housework when you have time.()A.if B.until C.where D.unless【分析】如果你有时间的话帮助做家务,你的母亲会更高兴的.【解答】if如果;until直到;where在哪里;unless除非;此题根据句意"如果你有时间的话帮助做家务,你的母亲会更高兴的."如果是if,引导条件状语从句;故选:A.29.(1分)The road sign shows us ________.()A.how can we get to the International Meeting CenterB.which road leads to the International Meeting CenterC.where is the International Meeting CenterD.what can we do in the International Meeting Center【分析】这个路标向我们表明哪条路是通向国际会议中心的.【解答】根据问句,可知是含有宾语从句的复合句,宾语从句要用陈述语序,故可排除ACD.故选:B.30.(1分)﹣I think we should raise some money for charity.﹣________()A.What a pity! B.I'm sorry.C.What a surprise! D.That's a good idea.【分析】我认为我们应该为慈善事业筹集一些钱.这是个好主意.【解答】考查情境对话.A.What a pity!真遗憾.B.I'm sorry.对不起;C.What a surprise!太令人惊讶了.D.That's a good idea.这是个好主意.根据题干I think we should raise some money for charity.可知应说这是个好主意.故选:D.31.(1分)﹣Do you know when the next train leaves for Beijing?﹣________()A.No,thanks.B.Neither do I.C.I'm not quite sure.D.That's terrible!【分析】你知道下一班开往北京的火车什么时候开吗?我不太确定.【解答】考查情境对话.A.No,thanks.不,谢谢;B.Neither do I.我也是;C.I'm not quite sure.我不太确定.D.That's terrible那太糟糕了.根据题干Do you know when the next train leaves for Beijing?可知应说我不太确定.故选:C.三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格.每空格限填一词,每词只能填一次)(共8分)32.(4分)A.kindnessB.hurtC.a huge bag ofD.as well as E.on the first dayIn a small village,the parents of a little boy were very worried about him because of his bad temper (脾气).The boy used to get angry very easily and(1)B others with his words.While he forgot what he spoke in anger,his friends and neighbours avoided him.His mother and father tried many ways to make him give up his anger and develop (2)A.Unfortunately,all their attempts failed.Finally,the boy's father came up with an idea.One day,his father gave him (3)C nails,asking him to hammer one nail to the fence every time he lost his temper.The little boy found it funny and accepted what his father had said.His anger drove him to hammer 30nails into the fence (4)E! Over the next few days,the little boy found it very difficult to hammer the nails into the fence and decided to control his temper.【分析】这是一篇人生感悟类阅读,主要介绍一个小男孩的父母很担心他的坏脾气,尝试各种方法让他改变.但是都失败了.后来他父亲让他每发一次脾气就在篱笆上定个钉子.后来小男孩发现很难把钉子钉进篱笆,于是决定控制他的脾气.【解答】1.B.考查动词.句意"这个男孩过去很容易生气,用他的话_别人.".根据下一句While he forgot what he spoke in anger,his friends and neighbours avoided him.当他忘记了他愤怒的话语时,他的朋友和邻居避开了他.及所给单词,可知,应该是"伤害".used to do sth过去常常做某事.用动词原形hurt.选B.2.A.考查名词.句意"他的母亲和父亲尝试了很多方法来让他发泄怒气,发展__.".根据所给单词,可知,父母当然是希望他"善良".填名词kindness.选A.3.C.考查搭配.句意"一天,他父亲给了他___钉子,叫他每次发脾气时都要把钉子钉在篱笆上.".根据所给单词可知,应该是"一大包".a huge bag of修饰名词复数nails钉子.选C.4.E.考查介词短语.句意"他的怒火驱使他第__在篱笆上钉了30颗钉子.".根据下一句Over the next few days在接下来的几天.及所给单词,可知,应该是on the first day"第一天".选E.33.(4分)A.pull out B.immediately C.when D.one of E.the sameGradually,the number of nails hammered into the fence was reduced and the day arrived (1)C he hammered none!Now,his father told him to remove the nails every day as he had controlled his anger.Several days passed and the boy was able to (2)A most of the nails from the fence.The father appreciated him and asked him pointing to (3)D the holes,"What do you see there?"The boy replied,"A hole in the fence!"He told the boy,"The nails were your bad temper and they were hammered into people.You can remove the nails but still see the holes in the fence.The fence never looks (4)E! It has scares (伤疤)all over! Your bad temper and anger were like that! Use words for good.Use them to show your heart!"【分析】这是一篇人生感悟类阅读,主要介绍父亲让儿子每次能控制自己的脾气时,就从篱笆上拔下一个钉子.并告诉他,钉子就是坏脾气,篱笆就是别人.你的坏脾气会伤害到别人.因此我们应该用好的语言进行表达.【解答】1.C.考查连词.句意"渐渐地,敲进栅栏的钉子的数量减少了,并且没有钉子被敲进栅栏的这一天到来了.".根据所给单词,可知,这里用when 引导时间状语从句.选C.2.A.考查动词短语.句意"几天过去了,男孩能从篱笆上__大部分钉子.".根据所给单词,可知,应该是"拔出".不定式to后用动词原形pull.选A.3.D.考查搭配.句意"父亲感激他,指着__洞问他:"你看到了什么?"".根据下一句The boy replied,"A hole in the fence!"男孩回答说:"篱笆上有个洞!".及所给单词,可知,应该是"其中之一".one of"…之一".后跟名词复数.选D.4.E.考查搭配.句意"篱笆看起来绝不__".根据上一句You can remove the nails but still see the holes in the fence你可以去掉钉子,但仍能看到篱笆上的洞.可知,受过伤,肯定与之前不相同,应该是the same相同.选E.四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子.每空格限填一词):(共8分)34.(1分)Aunt Petty could hardly believe her good luck when the lost necklace was found.(lucky)【分析】当丢失的项链被发现时,佩蒂姨妈简直不敢相信她的好运.【解答】根据该空处在句中作宾语,故填入名词,所给词lucky为形容词意为"幸运的",其对应的名词为luck"运气",为不可数名词只有单数形式.故答案为:luck.35.(1分)If you are interested in French history,you may read these books.(France)【分析】如果你对法国历史感兴趣,你可以读这些书.【解答】根据该空处在句中作定语修饰名词history,故填入形容词,所给词France 为名词意为"法国",其对应的形容词为French"法国的".故答案为:French.36.(1分)My brother and I decided to buy a special gift for grandma's seventieth birthday.(seventy)【分析】我和哥哥决定为奶奶的第七十岁生日买一件特别的礼物.【解答】根据所给词seventy为基数词后跟可数名词复数,结合空格后为birthday,可知表达七十岁的生日,即第七十个生日,故填入seventy对应的序数词seventieth"第七十".故答案为:seventieth.37.(1分)Mr.Tailor and his assistants decided to give up the test because of the changeable weather.(change)【分析】由于天气多变,Tailor先生和他的助手决定放弃考试.【解答】根据Mr.Tailor and his assistants decided to give up the test because of the ﹣﹣weather.(change)可知这里放在名词前面用形容词形式.故填changeable.38.(1分)The arrival of the football team made the fans become even more excited.(arrive)【分析】足球队的到来使球迷们更加兴奋.【解答】根据The﹣﹣of the football team made the fans become even more excited.(arrive)可知这里放在the和of之间用名词形式.故填arrival.39.(1分)Nowadays more and more young people are eager to go aboard to further their studies.(far)【分析】现在越来越多的年轻人渴望出国深造.【解答】根据Nowadays more and more young people are eager to go aboard to﹣﹣their studies.(far)可知现在越来越多的年轻人渴望出国深造.这里further their studies表示出国深造.故填further.40.(1分)It is impossible for a little boy to finish such a difficult task without any help.(possible)【分析】一个小男孩不可能在没有任何帮助的情况下完成这样一项艰巨的任务.【解答】根据to finish such a difficult task without any help,可以判断对一个小男孩来说是不可能的,这里用impossible.故填impossible.41.(1分)They worked in the lab for a whole week and finally solved the technical problem.(final)【分析】他们在实验室里工作了整整一个星期,终于解决了技术问题.【解答】根据They worked in the lab for a whole week and﹣﹣solved the technical problem.(final)可知这里修饰动词用副词形式.。
2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编:阅读理解C篇(带答案精准校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly (据说)stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans hav e their credit hijacked every year. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus(伪造的)line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue(收入)to fraud, so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices,rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entit led to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that’s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocki ng. Just don’t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ___________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. You can protect your identity in the following way except ___________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because ____________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66. The best title of the text is ____________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identityKeys: 63-66: A D B CSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)All across America, students are anxiously finishing their "What I Want To Be .." college application essays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities of Google's top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success at Google are all soft skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehension into others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver, and being able to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because of it? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiring practices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skill seven in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Google takes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able to throw down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company's most important and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to be the smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member mustfeel confident speaking up and making mistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobs famously insisted,is not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the computational.63. The underlined word:“contradict”most probably means “____________”.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ____________.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees’ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C. Learning from mistakes doesn’t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthKeys: 63-66: DAADSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men andwomen to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck (敬畏的)staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion(推进力)? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reas ons except that __________.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to re tain America’s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the s cientists once there won’t make great discoveries. Keys: 63-66 DCBCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excitedchild pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty t omboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “It's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty’s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Keys: 63-66 CBADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds oftreatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their resul ts has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesKeys: 63-66 CCBDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.COf all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的)shadows of our unconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970se neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulatingmoods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生)during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life. we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dreams.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat" in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that__________.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can lean to__________.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to_________.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeKeys: 63-66 ADCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.C"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time forthe heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germanythan in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day ofthe week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly。
2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题试题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly (据说)stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans hav e their credit hijacked every year. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus(伪造的)line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue(收入)to fraud, so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entit led to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that’s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocki ng. Just don’t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ___________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. You can protect your identity in the following way except ___________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because ____________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66. The best title of the text is ____________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identitySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)All across America, students are anxiously finishing their "What I Want To Be .." college application essays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities of Google's top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success at Google are all soft skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehension into others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver, and being able to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because of it? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiring practices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skill seven in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Google takes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able to throw down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company's most important and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to be the smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member must feel confident speaking up and making mistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobsfamously insisted,is not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the computational.63. The underlined word:“contradict”most probably means “____________”.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ____________.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees’ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C. Learning from mistakes doesn’t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First,they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck (敬畏的)staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion(推进力)? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that __________.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to re tain America’s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the s cientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-boardcon-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomb oy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “It's been such a weigh off my shoulders” says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase “throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty’s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.COf all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的)shadows of our unconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970se neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生)during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life. we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dreams.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat" in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that__________.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can lean to__________.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to_________.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.C"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapidchange from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germanythan in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day ofthe week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possiblybecause _________.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out___________.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attack。
2018年上海市青浦区英语中考二模试卷及参考答案
(5)The Helpline asks Betty to write a letter to her friend, or she will probably feel
lonely.
(6)At last Betty manages to get some advice from the Friendship Helpline.
D. Cold.
6.(1.00 分)A. Because she wanted to be healthier.
B. Because swimming was fun.
C. Because skating was difficult to learn.
D. Because she lived in Canada.
3.(1.00 分)A. America.
B. France.
C. Japan.
D. Italy.
4.(1.00 分)A. By bus.
B. By bike.
C. On foot.
D. By taxi.
5.(1.00 分)A. Cool.
B. Warm.
C. Hot.
______________________________________________________________________________
(3)Betty and her friend are in different schools, and they keep in touch with each
other.
(4)This term Betty went to see her friend, but she refused to speak to her.
上海青浦区2019届高三二模英语及答案(含答案)
青浦区2018学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷2019.04考生注意:1.本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前,考生务必在答题卡(纸) . 上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
如用铅笔答题,或写在试卷上也- -律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. In a park. B. In a Zoo.C. In a museum.D. In a pet store.2. A. Receptionist and guest.B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner3. A.15 dollars B. 45 dollars. C. 75 dollars. D. 60 dollars.4. A. None of Ben's classmates wants to study abroad.B. Ben is not interested in the training experience.C. Others cherish Ben for his long tern efforts.D. Ben is very eager for the scholarship.5. A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Interested. D. Frightened.6. A. She is two hours late.B. It is possible to cure toothache.C. She can stand two hours.D. It is too painful to be patient.7.A. By car. B. By bus.C. By subway.D. By plane.8. A. Betty is looking for an Italian dictionary.B. Mr. Green can't offer help to the woman.C. Italian words are hard to pronounce.D. Jack is not available at this moment.9. A. The woman is always in trouble.B. The man finds fault with others.C. The woman has calmed the horse.D. The man has realized his problem.10. A. He will continue during his vacation.B. Papers pile up while he is on vacation.C. He has no time to go on holidayD. Papers are too hard to understand.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. His family had money problems.B. His father didn't like him to be a barber.C. His relatives house was spacious.D. His mother wasn’t able to take care of him.12. A. In 1775. B. In 1802. C. In 1796. D. In 1819.13. A. His childhood experience.B. His wide-range travel.C. The Royal Academy School.D. The Napoleonic Wars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Memory and communication.B. Comprehension and concentration.C. Memory and concentration.D. Comprehension and communication.15. A.3 hours. B.. An hour. C. 20 minutes. D.50 minutes.16. A. Those who walk along city streets find themselves exhausted easily.B. A walk by a green route helps to improve city image to some extent.C. Taking a route with nature affects one's performance in a positive way.D. The volunteers mental skills remain the same after walking in nature.'Questions 17 through 20 are based on the. following conversation17. A. The telephone call was not clearB. The line was always busy.C. The telephone bill was not accurate.D. The service was not satisfactory.18. A. He refuses to check the bill again.B. He is the manager of the company.C. He is expert at counting.D. He is patient and helpful.19. A. Check her eyesight to avoid mistakes again.B. Apply for the International Dial Service.C. Cut down the number of overseas calls.D. Make a request for free phone calls.20. A. Because she shouldn't have turned to the assistant.B. Because she mixed up the telephone numbers.C. Because she forgot to pay the previous bills.D. Because she made a wrong complaint.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word:for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How can my son be a year old already?My son turned one last week, The day marked the end of (21)________ has been both the longest and shortest year of my life. I haven’t slept for a year and I don't really know how time works any more.From the instant he was born, it's felt (22)________ my son has always been part of this family.How is he one already? First he was born, and was a sleepy ball of flesh then, and now in his place is alittle boy who (23)________ walk and has teeth and knows how to switch off the television at precisely the most important moment of anything I ever try to watch. It's not exactly (24)________ (extraordinary) development inall of human history child gradually gets older but it's the first time I ________ (see) it close up. It's honestly quite hard to grasp. Even photos of him (26)________ (take) last week seem like a different boy. He's leaving milestone after milestone in his tiny parts of me along with them.He'll never again be the tiny baby who lay in my arm, (27)________ (suck) on my little finger in the middle of the night while his mum slept, (28)________ will he be the baby amazed by the taste of solid food.Soon enough he 'll stop being the baby who rests his head on my shoulder whenever he gets tired, or laughs. uncontrollably whenever I say the word teeth for reasons, (29)________ I don't think I'll ever work out.But I've had' a year of this and it's ok. He's never going to stop changing, and I don't want him to.This sadness, this constant sense of loss, of time slipping just (30)________ your grasp, is an important part of this process. He wont realise this, of course. He's got years of unbroken progress ahead of him,where everything will always be new. Years of his life will pass in a moment and he won't be able to understand where they've gone.But it's ok. You can't freeze time. You just have to make the most of what you have.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlyonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. forgottenB. hesitateC. initialD. marineE. marvelousF. leisurelyG. sourcesH. specificI. symphony J. tapped K. witnessedTouring CenotesMy parents and I traveled to Mexico to visit my grandparents last summer. and we visited the cenotesn Peninsula. The term “swimming hole” might (say-NO-tays), the natural? swimming holes located on the Yucatámake you think that cenotes are just average, but cenotes are truly (31)________. I had the most exciting experience of my life exploring these wonders of nature.Thousands of years old, the cenotes formed and created sinkholes underneath. Though the ancient Mayans (玛雅人) used the cenotes as water (32)________ people can now swim, dive, take photographs, and admire localtrees and (33)________ life, all through water as clear as liquid diamond.In Cenote Azul, my parents, my grandparents, and I swam through water that seemed too blue to be real. I_34_ I countless younger kids diving into the water from a small cliff, but I dared not to jump at first. I finally worked up the courage, and my (35)________ try instantly put all my worries to rest.A few days later, we went to Cenote Ponderosa. We stayed in the sun-covered pond, where we(36)________ floated while others did diving and took underwater photographs. Being surrounded by a valley oftrees made everything else in the world seem to disappear.Grutas de Loltún were definitely the most magnificent of all the cenotes, even though there was no swimming involved. Grutas are caves, and the Grutas de Loltún are among the biggest caves on the entire Peninsula. Our guide, Carolina, walked us through several caves, where we saw many drawings thousands of years old on the cave walls! Just one brief look at those drawings made me feel like I had stepped back in time toa(n) (37)________ era of history. Our group thought Carolina was joking when she claimed she could make the stalagmites(T 4) sing for us, but when she (38)________ them, we heard what sounded like the words Lol and Tun-the name of the caves! I cannot imagine that a(n) (39)________ played at a concert at Carnegie Hall would havebeen any better.Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula is filled with beauty, but the cenotes are a one-of-a-kind opportunity to commune with nature in a way that is impossible anywhere else on Earth, and I would not (40)________ to do itall again.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Recently, the Victorian Government brought in new rules. Victorian state schools will be banned from using facial recognition technology in classrooms unless they have the ____41____ of parents,students and the Department of Education.Students may be justifiably horrified at the thought of being ____42____ as they move throughout the school during a day. But a roll marking system could be as simple as looking at a tablet or iPad once a day____43____ being signed off on a paper roll. It simply depends on the implementation. Trials have already begunin independent schools and. up to 100 campuses across Australia. According to the developers, the technology promises to save teachers up to 25 hours a week by ____44____ the need for them to mark the roll at the start ofevery class. Many students now have smart phones that recognise faces right now. There are also ____45____ face recognition apps for Android phones and iPhones. So face recognition is already in our schools.And I argue that, like earlier technologies such as the motor vehicle and mobile phone, a strategy where____46____ it.adoption is managed to create the most good and least harm is appropriate. We shouldn’t simply We are now in a golden age of face recognition. The main reason for rapid adoption is that recognition____47____ has improved significantly in recent years. The simple application of this technology proposed forschools is to collect the student roll call ____48___ for classes. This is a compulsory requirement imposed by theeducation department.However, ____49____ is often raised as an objection and this. issue can never be dismissedlightly.Objections are mostly based on the collection and distribution of the photos. But every school ____50____photos. of their students already and schools have strict control over distribution. Such controls would necessarilybe built into any school certified system. The only fundamental ____51____ of the process is whether a teacher ora computer recognizes the student.Face recognition technologies will become widely adopted across society over the coming years.Concernsover implementation and privacy may ____52____ adoption in some places, but the____53____ will come in andwill change business practices right across the world once that happens.In short, this technology has the ability to free up our time and reduce the costs. As with all new technologies, of course, face recognition ____54____ reasonable concerns. Constructive policies and dialog arethe preferred way forward to gain the ____55____ benefit for society at large, and to make sure we do the leastharm.41. A. authority B. approval C. familiarity D. understanding42. A. monitored B. controlled C. noticed D. managed43. A. Regardless of B. less than C. other than D. instead of44. A. ordering B. replacing C. adding D. meeting45. A. feasible B. flexible C. downloadable D. admirable46. A. promote B. ban C. upgrade D. advertise47. A. availability B. difficulty C. accuracy D. rapidness48. A. steadily B. temporarily C. mechanically D. automatically49. A. personality B. freedom C. privacy D. humanity50. A. implements B. collects C. polishes D. ranks51. A. problem B. advantage C. change D. success52. A. slow down B. let down C. take up D. move up53. A. method B. atmosphere C. direction D. dissolves54. A. raises B. solves C. handles D. tide55. A. economic B. maximum C. material D. directSection BDirections: Read the following three passages.I Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In university I had a part-time job at a shop that sold doughnuts and coffee. Situated on a block whereseveral buses stopped, it served the people who had a few minutes to wait for their bus.Every afternoon around four o' clock, a group of schoolchildren would burst into the shop, and businesswould come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. But I didn't mind if the children waitedfor their bus inside. Sometimes I would hand out a bus: fare when a ticket went missing always repaid the next day.On snowy days I would give away some. doughnuts. I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in thewarm shop until their bus finally arrived.I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives - untilone afternoon when a man came and asked if I was the girl working on weekdays around four o’clock. Heidentified himself as the father of two of my favorites.I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to gethome. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, Iknow they are safe. I told him it wasn't a big deal. and that I enjoyed the kids.So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only received a title, but became a landmark.Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children. They become, well,Doughnutriver who drove myLadies. Like the men at the skating rink (# ж 5) who let my boys ring home; Or the busddaughter to her stop at the end of the route at night but wouldn't leave until I arrived to pick her up; Or that nicepolice officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work even though the phone rangall the next day with calls from curious neighbors. “Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?”That wasn't a police car. That was a Doughnut Lady.56. According to the passage, the author sometimes_________.A. called the children's parents to pick them upB. provided schoolchildren with warm sheltersC. did business with the children's help.D. sold bus tickets to the children_______.57. By saying “ ... it wasn’t a big deal” (in paragraph 4) the author meant that_A. she hadn't found it hard to get along with the childrenB. she hadn’t made a lot of money from the childrenC. she hadn’t spent plenty of time with the childrenD. she hadn't done anything very significant58. According to the author, those who ________ are Doughnut Ladies.A. are always ready to help othersB. provide free doughnuts for the poorC. work in the doughnut store for a whileD. are curious about the happenings around59. The passage suggests that________.A. taking responsibility is a virtueB. devotion co-exists with rewardC. running a business requires skillsD. acts of kindness are never too small(B)We offer a full range of services to make your 'IKEA experience more complete.Old Kitchen Removing ServiceAre you going to buy a brand-new kitchen in IKEA? So how to do with your old kitchen at home? Don’t worry! IKEA is now providing professional dismantling and removing service for old kitchen to you. By this service you can have your new kitchen at home easily, (For service detail and charge please go to the staff of kitchen department.)Transport ServiceNeed a way to get your new home-furnishings home? You can rent a transport or hire us to deliver it foryou. Just talk to our Customer Service Department for details.Return PolicyAs long as the items are undamaged, unassembled and unused, you could return them in their original package within 60 days (IKEA FAMIL Y member within 180 days) together with your original receipt.Sorry, we cannot accept exchange or return of food,' plants, liquid bathing products, AS-IS products, customized products, kitchen electrical appliance and all products that have already been cut,sewed or painted. The exchange and return policy above applies only to the products purchased from IKEA stores in mainland China.IKEA Restaurant/CaféThe restaurant/cafe serves both classic Swedish dishes and local favorites, and is one of the most popular areas of the whole IKEA store. Shopping at IKEA is fun and offers great value, but can also be hard work, so stopby and treat yourself to a refreshing drink and a bite to eat.60. Which one of the following items can be returned according to the Return Policy?A. Sausages purchased within a week with the original receipt.B. An electric light as good as new bought in IKEA stores in Taiwan.C. Unpacked bookshelf purchased within 60 days with the original receipt.D. An unusual customized bed in its original package bought a month ago.61. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. One can enjoy delicious food in IKEA.B. Your new kitchen is available in an easy way.C. The furniture can be transported to your house.D. There are several payment modes to choose from.62. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A travel brochure.B. A food magazine.C.A shopping guide.D. A science journal.(C)What do you remember about your life before you were three? Few people can remember anything that happened to them in their early years. Adults memories of the next few years also tend to be unclear. Most people remember only a few events usually ones that were meaningful and distinctive,' such as being hospitalized or thebirth of a new baby.How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained? The passage of time does not account forit, adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier. Another seemingly reasonable explanation that infants do not form enduring memories at this point indevelopment also is incorrect, Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later.However, three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes (额叶) of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be recalled later. Demonstrations of infants and very young children's long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they hadseen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a dolls mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain's level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones depending on clear verbal descriptions.A second explanation involves the influence of the social world on children's language use.Hearing and telling stories about events may help children store information in ways that will endure into later childhood and adulthood. Through hearing stories with a clear beginning, middle, and ending children may. learn to take out the idea of events in ways that they will be able to describe many years later. Consistent with this view parents and children increasingly engage in discussions of past events when children are. about three years old. However, hearing such stories is not sufficient for younger children to form enduring memories. Telling such stories to twoyear olds does not seem to produce long-lasting verbalizable memories.A third likely explanation for infantile memory loss involves mismatch between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults recall it. Whether people can remember an, event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to recall it. The better the person is able to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful.63. In the discussion of children's inability to recall early experiences, paragraph 2 serves to ________.A. argue that the assumptions in this part have been more thoroughly researched than the theories presentedlater in the passageB. explain why some theories about infantile memory loss are wrong before presenting ones more likely to betrueC. explain why infantile memory loss is well worth the efforts of researchers both now and thenD. argue that events that are not proved by evidence should generally be considered unreliable64. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?A. Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones.B. Young children may form long- term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hear or are told.C. Children long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by preciseverbal descriptions.D. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motoractivities but not verbal descriptions.65. According to paragraph 4, what role may telling stories to children play in forming their childhood memories?A. It may speed up the physiological maturing of the brain.B. It may help preschool children to recall the past quickly.C. It may bring about their memory recovery later.D. It may strengthen children' s verbal capacities.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. It shows how physical maturation affects the memory.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them findanswers and make them feel better.B. How you co-ruminate matters too.C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination betweenclient and therapist.D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem ordoubling it.E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one studysuggests.F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.A problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they 'll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam.Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. (67)__________.The term psychologist's use for negative problem sharing is co-rumination. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. (68)__________. In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age,researchers found that co-ruminationin both boys and girls is associated with high-quality and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. (69)__________. So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods- and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining' factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such ascounselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.(70)__________. But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positiveoutcome of co-rumination regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not.ve to lead to worsening mental And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always ha health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passagein no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Could you be flexitarian?What kind of food do you eat? Are you conscious of the types of food you consume? Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle but it's hard to know which one to pickand, once chosen, it's harder still to stick to it. And now there's another choice for you.A flexitarian diet involves eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish.This is alovely alternative to being a vegetarian by not completely resisting meat.This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn't get in a stricter vegan (纯素) diet. And like veganism, flexitarianism isn't about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds it's somethingpeople choose for ethical reasons, to help the planet. And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate, has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all.This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improveto achieve this. But without a single solution, a combined approach is needed. Dr. Marco Springmann, one of the lead authors of the report argued "We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant-based diets.While vegans think it's wrong for animals to be killed for. food, flexitarians believe eating meat once in awhile is. acceptable. And Dr. Springmann agrees as long as we treat it as a luxury, it's probably acceptable but you shouldn't have more. than one. serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week." And here's anotherfact to digest: If we moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculturewould be cut by more than half.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.正是她那种急于求成的心态让她无缘决赛。
【真卷】2018年上海市青浦区中考英语二模试卷含参考答案
【真卷】2018年上海市青浦区中考英语⼆模试卷含参考答案2018年上海市青浦区中考英语⼆模试卷⼀、Listening Comprehension (听⼒理解)(共30分)1.( 6.00分)1.2.3.4.5.6.2.(1.00分)A.A red sweater.B.A green sweater.C.A white sweater.D.A yellow sweater.3.(1.00分)A.America.B.France.C.Japan.D.Italy.4.(1.00分)A.By bus.B.By bike.C.On foot.D.By taxi.5.(1.00分)A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.D.Cold.6.(1.00分)A.Because she wanted to be healthier.B.Because swimming was fun.C.Because skating was difficult to learn.D.Because she lived in Canada.7.(1.00分)A.In a cinema.B.In a library.C.In a train.D.In a hospital.8.(1.00分)A.He will make a phone call to them.B.He will see the movie with them.C.He has seen the movie before.D.He will not meet Jenny tomorrow.9.(1.00分)A.How to use the four skills.B.The easy way of reading and writing.C.How to learn English faster.D.The importance of practicing English.10.(6.00分)(1)Betty calls the Helpline because she has a problem with her friend.(2)If Betty wants to get help,she should tell the Helpline who her friend is.(3)Betty and her friend are in different schools,and they keep in touch with each other.(4)This term Betty went to see her friend,but she refused to speak to her.(5)The Helpline asks Betty to write a letter to her friend,or she will probably feel lonely.(6)At last Betty manages to get some advice from the Friendship Helpline.11.(10.00分)(1)In Denmark (丹麦),the schools set up by parents have to follow courses (课程).(2)Some of the schools are called "small schools",but a school must have at least.(3)Many parents of Cooleenbridge School came from Germany,England and of Ireland (爱尔兰).。
2018年上海市青浦区英语中考二模试卷及参考答案
2018年上海市青浦区英语中考⼆模试卷及参考答案2018年上海市青浦区中考英语⼆模试卷⼀、Listening Comprehension (听⼒理解)(共30分)1.(6分)1.2.3.4.5.6.2.(1分)A.A red sweater.B.A green sweater.C.A white sweater.D.A yellow sweater.3.(1分)A.America.B.France.C.Japan.D.Italy.4.(1分)A.By bus.B.By bike.C.On foot.D.By taxi.5.(1分)A.Cool.B.Warm.C.Hot.D.Cold.6.(1分)A.Because she wanted to be healthier.B.Because swimming was fun.C.Because skating was difficult to learn.D.Because she lived in Canada.7.(1分)A.In a cinema.B.In a library.C.In a train.D.In a hospital.8.(1分)A.He will make a phone call to them.B.He will see the movie with them.C.He has seen the movie before.D.He will not meet Jenny tomorrow.9.(1分)A.How to use the four skills.B.The easy way of reading and writing.C.How to learn English faster.D.The importance of practicing English.10.(6分)(1)Betty calls the Helpline because she has a problem with her friend.(2)If Betty wants to get help,she should tell the Helpline who her friend is.(3)Betty and her friend are in different schools,and they keep in touch with each other.(4)This term Betty went to see her friend,but she refused to speak to her.(5)The Helpline asks Betty to write a letter to her friend,or she will probably feel lonely.(6)At last Betty manages to get some advice from the Friendship Helpline.11.(10分)(1)In Denmark (丹麦),the schools set up by parents have to follow courses (课程).(2)Some of the schools are called "small schools",but a school must have at least.(3)Many parents of Cooleenbridge School came from Germany,England and of Ireland (爱尔兰).。
2018上海高考英语届崇明区高考英语二模完整版
2018上海高考英语届崇明区高考英语二模完整版崇明区2018届第二次高考模拟考试试卷英语(考试时间120分钟,满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a train. B. In a theater. C. In a meeting room. D. In a booking office.2. A. $2.4. B. $4.8. C. $7.2. D. $9.6.3. A. A waitress. B. A customer. C. A secretary. D. A saleswoman.4. A. The man’s air-conditioner is broken. B. Theman doesn’t have air-conditioning.C. The summer has been unusually hot.D.The man hasn’t been using hisair-conditioner.5. A. She’s enjoying the music. B. Themusic doesn’t bother her.C. She would prefer different music.D. Themusic will keep her awake.6. A. She acted like a stranger today. B. Sheusually talks quietly.C. She didn’t give the lesson today.D. She usually assigns homework.7. A. A job opportunity. B. A position as general manager.第 2 页 / 共 27 页C. A travel experience.D. A sales manager’s experiences.8. A. She has had her camera broken. B.She hasn’t handed in her photo.C. She has been busy taking photos.D. She hasn’t ordered a student’s card.9. A. He hasn’t prepared well for his lecture.B. He wants the woman to postpone the lecture.C. He doesn’t know anything about engineering.D. He regularly gives lectures to high school students.10. A. It’s more effective if priority is given to listening.B. It’s less effective if reading comes before listening.C. It’s more effective if listening is combined with reading.D. It’s less effective if the learner checks the same information.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To provide a protective space for giant pandas.B. To stop the loss of giant pandas’natural habitats.C. To help China to improve its economy on the whole.D. To protect the giant pandas in the proposed territory.第 3 页 / 共 27 页12. A. About 300. B. Around 1864. C. More than 2,000. D. Less than 1564.13. A. The park first began to be constructed in January 2017.B. 1.5 billion yuan will be invested in the construction of the park.C. The park will cover a bit more space than Yellowstone National Park.D. The place where the park is to be constructed is a poverty-stricken area. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Smart mirrors that make you look much smarter.B. Software apps that allow you to add images to photos.C. Virtual mirrors that teach you to use camera functions.D. Special apps that help you see your image after try-on.15. A. They can make it easy for customers to make up.B. They can help stores avoid damage, loss and theft.C. They can teach users how to make smart products.D. They can improve the effect of products on customers.16. A. They promote both online and offline businesses.B. They have high requirements for mobile devices.C. They enable customers to interact with each other.D. They are quite similar to previous apps like Snapchat.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.第 4 页 / 共 27 页17. A. Their great food and free drinks for lunch.B. The numerous benefits of drinking hotliquids.C. The way to get rid of unhealthy drinkinghabits.D. Their different perspectives on hot and colddrinks.18. A. By causing sweat. B. Byincreasing blood flow.C. By helping ease pain.D. Byemitting pleasant smells.19. A. It slows down blood flow. B. It makesone consume more.C. It helps one become slimmer.D. It isgood for one’s digestion.20. A. The man prefers hot drinks only on verycold days.B. The woman may change her habit ofdrinking cold liquids.C. The woman believes drinking cold wateralso helps relieve a cold.D. The man is trying losing weight byexercising and drinking hot water.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.China’s Good Samaritan Law (见义勇为法) TakesEffectChina’s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to第 5 页 / 共 27 页help others. Under the law, people who voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill or in danger, will not have civil responsibility in the event of harm to the victims.The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people (21)_____ (hesitate) to help fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed (讹诈) later.There has been no shortage of cases over the past decade (22)_____ people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and 18 people passed by (23)_____ offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but (24)_____ (accuse) of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when (25)_____ (face) with demands for a large sum of money.These cases (26)_____ (arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years. “If you don’t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely (27)_____ (hurt) by the people you help. It is really a difficult choice,” one netizen said on Sina Weibo.(28)_____ there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushed ahead with such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.However, some experts are concerned (29)_____ there could be some danger from a nationwide Good Samaritan Law. “Rescuers who第 6 页 / 共 27 页know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,”said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of China. He hoped the government (30)_____ introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance. Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.第 7 页 / 共 27 页award, the 35 that the musician would be the one to break the Americans’long dry period was regarded as unlikely—especially because he made his career mainly on the stage, not the 36 page.Yet few would argue Dylan has been anything but 37 , both in the U.S. and beyond its borders. The productive singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist has produced dozens of albums. Dylan, who was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in 1941, “has the status of an idol (偶像),”the Swedish Academy wrote. “His influence on contemporary music is significant, and he is the object of a steady stream of 38 literature.”In an interview following the announcement, Danius 39 the Swedish Academy’s decision: “He is a great poet in the English-speaking tradition, and he is a wonderful sampler—a very original sampler,” Danius explained. “For 54 years now he has been at it and reinventing himself, constantly creating a new identity.”And for his work, he has been 40 by critical community. Dylan has won Grammys, an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the U.S. Now, to the honors Dylan has added a Nobel.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Companies Doing the Most to Make TheirEmployees HappierFat paychecks, light workloads, and endless vacation days don’t necessarily add to happy employees. In fact, the happiest employees in the U.S. owe their happiness to first-rate employee motivations, sufficient benefits, career第 8 页 / 共 27 页advancement programs, and great work-life balance. The companies that have been the most devoted to cultivating and advancing these things in the past year have seen employee happiness 41 .The jobs site just announced the winners of this year’s “Leap Awards,” which honor the companies that have made the biggest leaps to improve employee happiness year-over-year. CareerBliss evaluated more than 250,000 company reviews and ratings it received from 42nationwide to determine the top 50 deserving companies. To 43 the list, each company had to have at least 50 reviews.“The Leap Awards are important because they highlight 44 in our workforce,” says CareerBliss’s chief executive, Heidi Golledge. CareerBliss asked the respondents to evaluate the key factors that 45 work happiness, including work-life balance, one’s relationship with the boss and co-workers, the work environment, job resources, salary, growth opportunities, company culture, company reputation, daily tasks, and job 46 .Each respondent valued each of these things on a 1-to-5 scale, and indicated how important each was to their overall happiness at work. These numbers were 47 to find an average rating of overall employee happiness for each company. These averages were compared to last year’s numbers to find which companies had 48 the most.“Every employer who receives a Leap Award should 49 their workplace happiness i nitiatives,” says Golledge. “Even though we are coming out of a difficult time, it is 50 to see companies putting their efforts into providing a great environment for their employees. These efforts in workplace happiness will ensure that第 9 页 / 共 27 页their employees will be around for years to come, as happiness breeds 51 .”“We find each year that work-life balance is a key factor in determining employee happiness,” says Golledge. “Employees want to know that they can balance their career with their family and personal life. Often this 52 over things like salary. Having programs that allow managers to offer employees flexibility can be a key factor in creating a happy work environment. 53 , we see career advancement programs have a big impact on overall employee happiness. Often employees would rather take a job for a 54 salary, if the company provides a comprehensive program which will help grow their career. Employees want to learn, develop and sustain a successful career path.”Workplace happiness is the core of CareerBliss’ mission, Miller says. “A n individual’s happiness at work will create happiness throughout all areas of their life, and 55 a company with a happy, motivated workforce will see exceptional results in its products and services.”41. A. soar B. change C. ceaseD. disappear42. A. netizens B. administrators C. candidates D. employees43. A. make up B. qualify for C. count onD. refer to44. A. change B. power C. dutyD. variety45. A. lay in B. resulted from C. focused onD. contributed to46. A. analysis B. vacancy C. flexibilityD. responsibility47. A. applied B. combined C. compared D. remembered48. A. benefited B. improved C. changedD. produced49. A. approve of B. account for C. take第 10 页 / 共 27 页pride in D. get used to50. A. good B. easy C. impossibleD. interesting51. A. profit B. honesty C. creativityD. loyalty52. A. turns B. runs C. advantagesD. skips53. A. However B. Otherwise C. BesidesD. Instead54. A. lower B. fair C. regularD. similar55. A. obviously B. frankly C. fortunatelyD. similarlySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United States and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.第 11 页 / 共 27 页So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. That way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan State has not only received useful information from its partners. It has also shared helpful information of its own.Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.”56. What led to the setting up of the UIA?A. The low graduation rates.B. The great need of low-income students.第 12 页 / 共 27 页C. The inefficiency of learning.D. Thesevere competition between schools.57.The UIA functions in such a way as the member universities _____.A. find out their own graduation ratesB. share and follow each other’s good practiceC. make joint efforts to aid students financiallyD. popularize computer programs among students58. By “it has meant a world of difference”in paragraph 6, the author means Michigan State _____.A. has found the computer program quite different from theirsB. has discovered the computer program is very difficult to useC. has helped students successfully with the computer programD. has involved more academic advisors in the computer program59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Universities Highlighting Their Efforts for Low-IncomesB. Universities Competing for Better Students and TeachersC. Universities Working Together to Help Poor StudentsD. Universities Creating the UIA to Share Information(B)We want to make the world a better, fairer place.第 13 页 / 共 27 页第 14 页 / 共 27 页 truth. It’s essential for the functioning of democracy. And our unique ownership structure means no one can tell us to drop a story. But it’s difficult and expensive work. While more people are reading the Guardian than ever before, far fewer are paying for it. And advertising incomes across the media are falling fast. So if you read us, if you like us, if you value our perspective —then become a Supporter and help make our future more secure.Supporters get closer to the Guardian As a Guardian Supporter, you’ll enjoy a number of benefits, including: ◆ E xclusive emails from Guardian journalists ◆ A n ad-free experience on our mobile app ◆ J oining the global Guardian Members community ◆ A welcome gift Most importantly of all, you’ll appreciate every word that you read, in the knowledge that you’ve helped to bring it to the page. Why do we need our Supporters? Like many other media organisations, the Guardian is operating in an incredibly challenging financial climate. Our advertising incomes are falling fast. We have huge numbers of readers, and we are increasingly reliant upon their financial support.We don’t have a wealthy ownerpulling the strings. No shareholders, advertisers orbillionaire owners can edit oureditor.Our owner, the Scott Trust, protects our editorial independence from commercial or political interference(干涉). It reinvests income into our journalism, not into shareholders’ pockets.But while the Scott Trust ensures our independence, we need our Supporters, now more than ever before, to help secure our future.We know that not everyone is in a position to become a Supporter. But if you can, you’ll be an essential part of our mission to make the world a better, fairer place, for everyone.60. The above webpage mainly aims to _____.A. raise funds from readersB. inform readers of quality journalismC. attract more readersD. guarantee readers a secure future61. Which of the following is a difficulty the Guardian is facing?A. It’s losing its editorial independence.B. It’s becoming increasingly reliant on its owner.C. It’s profiting much less from advertising.D. It’s operating in a challenging political climate.62. What can be inferred from the webpage?A. Some billionaire owners are the Guardian’s editors.B. The Guardian is independent financially and politically.C. Shareholders can interfere with the Guardian’s journalism.D. Guardian Supporters can put ads on the mobile app for free.(C)A new kind of production was underway on the set of the NBC comedy Superstore. Social media第 15 页 / 共 27 页stars were crafting 30-second videos to post on their social media channels ahead of the comedy’s second-season return. Each made sure to mention Superstore and its first public show.As networks and studios struggle to reach young audiences in an increasingly fragmented (碎片化的) media marketplace, many have turned to so-called influencers—online stars whose value is measured by the size of their Internet followings—as a means of generating awareness. Advertisers are seizing on the strategy in an age of commercial-skipping and ad-blockers. Word of mouth in the digital age means messages travel faster by way of social media. The majority of consumers worldwide trust online recommendations from stars. And when Superstore gave its first public show, it did so to higher ratings than the last show of Season 1.Studio and network executives say they work with influencers to build brand awareness and reputation in a more friendly way through the friend-like connections consumers feel toward the online personalities they follow. At the upper level, influencers typically have thousands of followers on social media and online content platforms and count many millions of people who tune in daily to watch them. Some do something that makes themselves look stupid in their daily routine, sharing videos of their trips to the grocery store or dinner dates. Others have built careers on performances—making comedy videos, reviewing video games, performing magic tricks and teaching cooking lessons, among other pursuits.When in the employ of studios, their efforts can be as simple as publicizing a film or more involved attempts like the marketing push for Superstore. Entertainment companies declined to discuss how much they pay influencers. But several experts said their pay ranges from a few thousand dollars to several million. Some simply receive gift baskets instead of pay.第 16 页 / 共 27 页Over the last year or so, some entertainment companies have begun to cast influencers in their TV and film projects. The strategy is a bit of a gamble: It’s a new business model, and questions remain about the effectiveness of using these personalities to improve a show’s ratings—or help open a movie. Just how much influence the influencers have is hard to measure. TV ratings and box-office returns do not reveal what caused a viewer to tune in.What is clear is that these personalities aren’t necessarily getting the work because of their acting skills, but often because of their Internet followings. Yet as social media stars consider whether to take on jobs promo ting movies and TV shows, there’s an important consideration for both parties: the credibility of a campaign. “Fans are definitely aware when they’re being tempted with promotional posts,” said Zach King, a social media star who performs magic tricks. “It has to be something that is natural and fits with the image of the creator.”63. Why did social media stars post short videos ontheir channels before Superstore’s second season?A. To attract more influencers.B. To draw audience’s attention.C. To put on better performances.D. To increase the channels’ popularity.64. Advertisers like the influencer marketing strategy because _____.A. audiences believe in whatever online stars recommendB. influencers are quite aware of the impact of the digital ageC. ordinary advertisements are often ignored by young peopleD. social media platforms are the cheapest place to spread messages第 17 页 / 共 27 页65. What is implied in the passage?A. The influencer marketing strategy help build connections between executives.B. Most influencers get paid from gift baskets instead of from their companies.C. Most influencers take on marketing jobs regardless of their reliability.D. The influencer marketing strategy may not really work well.66. The passage mainly wants to tell us that _____.A. most young people like following influencersB. studios are relying more on social media starsC. influencers are gradually replacing movie starsD. social media are filming videos for SuperstoreSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.第 18 页 / 共 27 页Feel Young at Heart and Y ou’ll Enjoy a LongerLifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers... you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.67 Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for the study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “68 Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health messages promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,”the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69 One第 19 页 / 共 27 页recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. 70IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do Smartphones Make Us Smarter?Should teachers allow cellphones in a classroom?A recent study on the way smartphones disturb learning might help explain the issue. Researchers published findings showing how students were affected by their phones in the classroom. They explored the differences in student performance in four situations: open phone use allowed, phones allowed in the classroom but could not be used, no phones in the classroom and a no-instruction control group. After watching a 20-minute video, students took a short quiz. The result was that the students in a room without any cellphones performed significantly better on the test. Scientists believe the way we attach ourselves to our phones could be the problem.Smartphones have become so strongly established in society that many people are lost without them. We are now in an age when many第 20 页 / 共 27 页people can’t imagine life without a phone. There is even a name for the anxiety caused by not having one—nomophobia, which is the powerful feeling people get when they don’t have signal, their battery is about to die, or they are separated from their phones. Their fear of missing out on important information or connections can have a controlling effect on their lives and can divide their attention from other important things like learning.So does information technology help or block the way we think? In the past, people relied heavily on specific knowledge and knew who in their circle of friends would be most likely to know things in different subjects. Now, our friend with all the information is the Internet. Indications are that people don’t remember information as well if they know they can use a computer or phone to recall it quickly. So it may be more difficult to move information from the Internet into our long-term memory.But the impact of being exposed to so much information isn’t all bad. Reports show that frequent Internet use can strengthen fast-paced problem solving and can speed up the ability to spot patterns in a lot of data.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 何不利用这宜人的天气出去野餐呢?(advantage)第 21 页 / 共 27 页。
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2018届上海市青浦区高三二模英语试题(word版)2018考生注意:届上海市青浦区高三二模英语试题1.本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前,考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号,并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
如用铅笔答题,或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
1. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on yourpaper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To the bank. B. To the museum. C. To the clinic. D. To the restaurant.2. A. 10:07. B. 10:30. C. 11:00. D. 11:07.3. A. Use the woman’s phone. B. Pay for the phone call. C. Get some change from Jane. D. Go and look for a pay phone.4. A. He likes to wear clean clothes. B. He changes his job frequently. C. He is careless about his appearance. D. He is ashamed of his present condition.5. A. Whether he has time on Saturday. B. Whether he can get access to the concert.C. Whether the tickets will be too expensive.D. Whether the woman is available on Saturday. 第页 1 6. A. They are complaining. B. They are bargaining. C. They are negotiating. D. They are arguing. 7. A. The window smells of fresh paint. B. The man will clean the aif-conditioner. C. she’d like tohave the window open. D. She prefers keeping the air-conditioner on. 8. A. They are entertaining. B. They are time-consuming. C. They are boring. D. They are rewarding. 9. A. She is fully engaged. B. She doesn’t like get-together.C. She has some paper to bury.D. She questions the man’s purpose. 10. A. His notebook is missing. B. His handwriting is diffic ult to read C. He wasn’t in class this morning either. D. He’s already lent his notes to someone else. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 arebased on the following passage. 11.A. Photos of polar bears.B. Photos heavily edited.C. Photos of fine quality to appear in print.D. Photos reflecting scientists working life. 12. A. A year’s personal subscription to Nature is another award to winners. 第页2 B. Photos can be uploaded to Twitter with the tag ScientistAtWork. C. Five winning photos will be published in one issue of Nature. D. All entries have to be sent to photocompetition@ 13. A. To encourage people to work with scientists.B. To attract people to participate in a contest.C. To increase the sales of the magazine.D. To teach people how to take pictures. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A. Because no team invited him to play.B. Because he stopped training for a while.C. Because he appeared to be too tired.D. Because he suffered from a disease. 15. A.B. C. 44. D. 53. 16. A. Bosh’s great basketball career in NBA. B. The regular training Bosh took in NBA. C. Bosh’s repeated desire to return to NBA. D. The reason why Bosh couldn’t play at NBA. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He is training to fly a single engine plane. B. He hopes to be an international pilot. C. He is not sure about his future plan. D. He works for Air Canada. 18. A. From his friends. B. From his father. C. From his training. D. From his university. 19.A By attending special schools. B. By getting a private license first. 第页3 C. By getting into an airline company first. D. By passing a test for commercial license. 20. A. His flying hours in total. B. His interview performance. C. His university degrees. D. His private pilot license. II. Grammar and V ocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The kindness of Kiwi Lotte(乐透彩票) winners We’ve all dreamed of winning the Lotto but what actually happens when our numbers come up? The answer is rather heart-warming. New research out today from Lotto New Zealand reveals three-quarters of Powerball winners think of sharing (21)______ spending. One lucky Powerball winner from Tauranga was even thinking of others before his numbers came up. \week before I won Lotto, I saw an ambulance(22)______ side bore the name of the donor, and I thought, ‘ if l ever win Lotto, that’s what I will do’ and then 10 days’ later I won,\spending a part of themoney on two ambulances for his local hospital. \by a Lotto winner’ on the side. I hope that it will inspire others to pay it forward if they ever find (24)_______ in a fortunate position like I have.\\back that kindness.\who won $15 million and, honouring a promise made long ago, went halves with his mate. 2017 was the (27) ______ (lucky) year on record for Powerball winners. \Powerball winners—(28) ______ most of them had in common was the desire to share their good fortune,\Emilia Mazur, General Manager Corporate Communications. \his first thought was his community and he has since shared some of his winnings to upgrade its facilities.\Group players are natural sharers—not only (29) ______ they share the winnings among themselves but they also then want to help out other. 第页 4 \\your circle of friends, I have a feeling that Ihave never experienced it’s an unquantifiable feeling—it’s magic.\Section B Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. spareB. removedC. remindingD. addressedE. postingF. viralG. approvedH. schemeI. permitJ. implementK. promotional Swiss village bans tourists from taking photo because it’s too beautiful Located in the Swiss Alps, near the famous resort of St. Moritz, the commune of Bergan is one of the most beautiful mountain villages in Europe. So beautiful, in fact, that photos of it shared on social media may make people feel depressed that they cant visit, so local authorities banned tourists from taking photos. It may sound like a joke, but it’s actually a new la w adopted by theBergan village council and 31 by its mayor. To discourage visitors from taking photos in Bergan, they plan to 32 a symbolic e5 fine for those caught breaking the new rules. According to a statement by the Bergan tourism authority, \photos on social media make the viewers unhappy because they cannot be there themselves.\However, it seems unlikely that Bergun’s new law was really thought of as a way to 33 Facebook or Instagram users of the depressing experience of seeing the beauty of the village. As the news went 34 online, many assumed that it was actually a clever marketing 35 , a theory that was at least partially confirmed by the village’s director of tourism, Marc-Andrea Barandun. \combination of both we made the law and also there’s some marketing aim behind it.\To show that they were serious about the law, Berginauthorities 36 photos of the village from its Facebook and Twitter accounts, and declared their intention to delete them from the Bergan website too. If the new law was just a 37 strategy, it actually worked wonders, as people started 38 more photos of the beautiful mountain village soon after news of the photo ban started making news headlines.A few days ago, Mayor Nicolay 39 the debatable photo ban in a video, where he offered people visiting Bergan a special 40 to take photos. He reminded them to think twice before sharing the pictures online, though, as they could be making their friends depressed. III. Reading Comprehension 第页 5 Section A Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. A cliche is aphrase that has been used so many times that it comes out of the mouth or the computer without stirring up a wave in the mind of the speaker, the typist, the listener or the reader. The word was part of the technical term of the French printing trade in the 19th century, the name for a plate used in the printing process, and it is still used with that meaning in English and other languages. By the middle of the same century, the word was being used in French, shortly followed by English, as a simile(比喻) for 41 used expressions. Cliches can be 42 according to whether they were originally idioms, similes and proverbs, expressions from trades or 43 phrases. Many idioms have been so universally overused that they have been 44 —phrases like far and wide, by leaps and bounds or safe and sound. Our second category could be similes and proverbs that now fall off the 45 with littlemeaning, similes like as cool as a cucumber, which 46 around 400 years.A large category is 47 from the terms of trades and professions, sports and games, and other national concerns. Many are 48 cliches, as is fitting for the British, as an island nation, with examples like to leave a sinking ship, to know the ropes, to stick to one’s guns. Our last broad category of cliche might be phrases which were 49 when they were first coined, but have become ineffective through constant use. When a football manager, asked how he felt about the 50 of his team, said that he was as sick as a parrot. Since then, it has been so overused that it has lost its 51 To explore every avenue and to leave no stone unturned are two political cliches of this class. No politician with any sensitivity for language could use either of those phrases 52 , yet you hear them still, all the time.No doubt we could specify the classes of cliches into further subdivisions until the cows come home. But there is no need to. We all agree that cliches are to be 53 by careful writers and speakers at all times, don’t we? Well, actually, no, not I. Life, and language, are so full of cliches that silence will hold the position if you 54 us the use of cliche. So many millions of people have spoken and written cliches so 55 that it is almost impossible to find ideas and phrases that have not been used many times before. 41. A. occasionally 42. A. confirmed 43. A. invented B. frequently B. quoted 6 C. technically C. inferred D. grammatical D. classified D. underlined D. enriched D. forehead B. customized B. tailored B. eyes C. recognized C. weakened C. lips 44. A. highlighted 45. A. nose 第页。