New concept english(11-12)Microsoft Office PowerPoint 演示文稿
New Concept English 2---L20 One Man in A Boat
Lesson 20 One Man in A Boat
Listen and Answer: 1. What is the writer’s favourite sport? 2. Why does he like it the most? 3. What do some unlucky fishermen catch? 4. Is the writer as lucky as they are, or is he not so lucky? 5. Does he ever catch anything? 6. What is the only thing that interests him?
Microsoft Word 文档
Catch & fisherman
☆catch(caught,caught) v.抓到 • catch fish：抓鱼；catch thief:抓小偷 • 记住几个短语： • catch a cold:感冒；catch a bus:赶上车； catch one's breath: breath:屏住呼吸；catch sight catch of=see; catch fire:着火；catch one's eyes: 吸引某人注意力 ☆fisherman n.钓鱼人，渔民 [注]不要忘了er哦
waste & realize
☆waste n.浪费 • v.You are wasting time. • n.a waste of • It is a waste of time/money/food. ☆realize v.意识到 • eg:I realized that I was wrong. • 实现：realize one's dream
新概念英语第三册Lesson 51知识点讲解
1
Section 2:
•Predictingthefutureisnotoriouslydifficult.Whocouldhaveimagined,in themid1970s,forexample,thatbytheendofthe20thcentury,computers wouldbeascommoninpeople'shomesasTVsets?Inthe1970s,computers were common enough, but only in big business, government departments, and large organizations. These were the so-called mainframe machines. Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying wholeair-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially- written software. Though these large machines still exist, many of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known asPCs.
旅游管理硕士研究生专业简介 (120203)教案资料
旅游管理硕士研究生专业简介(120203)旅游管理硕士研究生专业简介 (120203)旅游管理专业是管理学门类中工商管理一级学科中的一个二级学科。
海南大学旅游学院旅游管理硕士研究生专业的研究领域主要有四个方向：1、旅游开发规划与管理运用地域分工理论、区域差异理论、空间组织理论、旅游地域系统结构优化理论、可持续发展理论等，研究旅游资源的合理开发利用、旅游规划和管理等。
2、旅游企业管理以服务地方旅游企业为使命，重点研究旅游企业的管理体制创新、人力资源管理创新、战略管理创新、服务管理创新等。
3、旅游信息管理在3S（RS、GIS、GPS）理论和技术的支持下，重点研究旅游信息的获取、开发、利用与管理，使旅游信息更好地为区域旅游经济发展服务。
4、旅游资源与环境管理以可持续发展理论为指导，通过管理手段加强旅游资源与环境的合理开发、利用和保护，在区域旅游发展中更好地发挥旅游资源与环境的物质基础作用。
该专业师资力量雄厚，科研成果丰硕，在国内同行中有一定影响。
目前有教授8人，副教授16人，具有博士学位的教师占60%。
近三年来共承担各类科研项目47项，发表论文220多篇，出版著作30部。
联系人：龚老师（0898-6625 8711）Email: lyxybgs @外国语言学及应用语言学硕士研究生专业简介（050211）外国语言学及应用语言学是社会科学中的一门重要学科。
现代语言学理论已被广泛应用于人文、社会科学的多种学科，衍生出诸如社会语言学、心理语言学、神经语言学、跨文化交际、计算语言等许多交叉学科。
应用语言学的多个子学科，如语用学、翻译学、二语习得研究、语言教学研究等对语言及语言理论在社会中的应用进行探讨，涵盖了对语言与交际、语言与智力发展、语言与知识建构、语言与文化、语言与社会发展等重大问题的研究。
本学科强调理论与实践相结合，侧重培养跨学科复合型高级外语人才。
本学科现有教授5人，副教授10人，讲师 10人。
其中博士6人，硕士 10人，海外归国留学人员 9人，3人有在美国和中国的著名高等学府执教多年并指导博士、硕士研究生的经历。
计算机专业英语chapter
Abbreviations : MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) 乐器数字接口
12-2 ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA
We break the word multimedia into its component parts, we get multi -meaning more than one ,and media-meaning form of communication. Those types of media include: . Text . Audio Sound . Static Graphics Images . Animation . Full-Motion Video 如果我们把multimedia这个词分开，我们便得到multi——多，和media——媒体。媒体类型包括： · 文本 · 声音 · 静态图像 · 动画 · 动态视频 Logical Structures. Identifying these logical relationships is a job of the data administrator. A data definition language is used for this purpose. The DBMS may then employ one of the following logical structuring techniques during storage access, and retrieval operations [1]: 逻辑结构。确定这些逻辑关系是数据管理者的任务，由数据定义语言完成。DBMS在存储、访问和检索操作过程中可选用以下逻辑构造技术:
NewConceptEnglishExerciseMicrosoftWord文档
NewConceptEnglishExerciseMicrosoftWord文档1．Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of verb 1)A:___the train ____(arrive)?B:No,it ____?A:When _____it _____(arrive)?B:In an hour.2)A:____the train ____(arrive)?B:Yes,it ___.A:When ___it (arrive)?B:Two minutes ago and it __(not leave).It ____ here for 2 minutes.3)Dear sir,I ____(apply)for a telephone over a year ago.I ___(fill)in a form and ___(pay)a deposit. You ___(promise) to install a phone at once,but I am still waiting.Uptill now, I ___(write) to you eight times and I___( visit) you three times. You always reply that I can expect a phone soon. How soon is “soon”?Please tell me when you can let me have a phone. There is no need to write. Just give me a ring. I ___(wait) long enough.4)Last night when I ___(get) home, my son already ___(go) to bed, but Jim and Mike __(talk) with my wife and they ___(wait)for me for an hour. They told me that they just __(come栋) back from the USA and they ___(go) there the next week.5)__ you often __(go) to the cinema? No, I ___. I___(not see) a movie for a year. Last Sunday Jim___(see) a movie with his friend. On their way to the cinema, they ___(find) a watch lying on the ground and Jim ___(pick) it up. After a while, they ___(meet) a policeman and Jim ___(give) it to the policeman. The policeman said, “It __(be) kind of you, and I __(find) the owner and ___( return) it to the owner”6)I often __(go) to work early in the morning, but yesterday morning I ___(go) to work very late. On my way to work, I ___(meet)a friend of mine. His name ___(be) Mike. He ___(tell) me that he __(be) to Germany 5 times.7)What __ you __(do)?I __(do) my homework.. I __(begin) to do it two hours ago and I ___(not finish) it now. Maybe I ___(finish) it in an hour.英语中五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词Tim is sleeping. Can you sing? I’ll try. I didn’t sleep well last night. She often dreams.His temperature came down in the morning.2、主语+及物动词+宾语Do you know these people(them)? I can’t e xpress myself in English. Who put forward such such a view? Look out for the snake. We can’t afford to pay such price. I think your are right.3、主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave me her telephone number. He bought himself an umbrella. Tell him I’m out. She wrote to me that she would go to Paris. Show me where your leg hurts.4、主语+系动词+表语The report sounds true. He has fallen ill. He is my friend. In spring days get longer. His aim is to study English well. My opinion is that the plan won’t work.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语补足语）He found his job boring. We call him Bill. He put his book in order. At the meeting they invited me to speak.Lesson Six Percy ButtonsVocabulary1.beggar beg beg sth from sb beg sb. (not) to do sth. Beg for sth. Ask for sth Let beggars match with begga rs. Beggars can’t be choosres. You lucky beggar!2.food food and drink food chain heavy food mental food junk food3.pocket shirt pocket coat pocket inner pocket pocket dictionary/knife pocket money beer money spending money change pick one’s pocket4.call call sb Don’t forget to call me tomorrow morning.Call at + place = visit + place Yesterday we called at Mr. Li’s house.Call on +sb = visit sb Yesterday we called on Mr.Li.Call out call off = cancelTEXT1.move I don’t like to live here and I decide to move. When will you move to Zhuozhou?2.knock at/on the door/windowKnock sth off a place knock off knock over knock out3.in return I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question in return.I’ll invite you to drink beer in return for your help.4.s tand on one’s head/hands/knees lie in bed lie on one’s back/side/stomach5.tell sb about sth tell sb sthLesson Seven Too lateVocabulary1.detective detect detection detector detective story/agency2.air port at the airport on the airfield3.expect 1)expect sth I expect your letter.2)expect sb to do sth I expect you to pass the exam.3) expect that clause I expect that you will pass the exam. 4)I expect so. I don’t expect so = I expect not4.valuable precious a valuable/precious diamond Eventhough his pen is broken,it is very ___ because it was passed down from his grandfather.5. parcel a parcel of books He sent his friend a parcel of diamonds packet6. diamond a ring with a diamond in the centre Diamonds cut diamonds7.steal stole stolen Who stole my money? steal sth from sb He stole 5 yuan from his mother. (thief) 2)rob rob sb/sth Last night the three men robbed the bank. He has been robbed. robber robbery8.main main building /street/idea9.guard life guard body guard on guard keep/stand/mount guard10.stone A rolling stone gathers no mossTEXT1.had told would try to2. arrive arrive at/in a place get to a place come/go to a place reach a place3.take …off4. to one’s surprise/joy/delight/sorrow5.be full of = be filled with动词时态填空1、__you __ (finish) your homework? No, I ____,because this morning I ___(get) up very late.2\Last year he ___(buy) a computer from Beijing and on May5th,it __(be)broken. His friend Jim __(take) it to Beijing to repair and now it __ (be) all right. He __(take) it to Canada next week.3\__(not be)late for class tomorrow. You __(be) always late for class and only yesterday you __(come) into the classroom ontome.4.I __( not join) the Party yet. A few days ago, our Party secretary __(talk) with me and he __(tell) me that I __(not do) well the month before and if I __(can) correct the mistake, I__(join)the Party.改错1\He has gone to Silbury yesterday. 2\He was abroad since last January.3\They have bought a new car last week. 4\They have bought the car since last week.5\I didn’t see their car yet. 6\I have received theletter 5days ago and I wrote back next week.7\They were never to China before.. 8\Did you go to the garage lately?用正确的动词填空1、The boy __the teacher a simplequestion.(asked\asked for)2、She asked me to __ her children while shewent out.(look for/look after)3、The match ended when the champion __ theother boxer.(knocked at/knocked out)4、Come and ___ the photos that I took onholiday. (look for/look at)5、Whenever I see him, he __ money.(ask/askfor)6、The girl was __ her bicycle on her way home.(knocked over/knocked off)7、Where have you ___ my new CDs? (put/puton)8、I think it’s warm enough for us to __ ourcoats.(take/take out)形容词和副词比较级和最高级1、构成单音节词和部分双音节词+er 最高级+est 多音节词，在词前+more,最高级+most部分常用不规则形容词和副词比较级和最高级good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less leastold older/elder oldest/eldest far father/further fathest/furthest比较级和最高级练习题1、Which book is ___(interesting),this one or thatone?2、Jim is a __(good) student and John is___(good) than Jim,but Mike is ___(good) than John, so Mike is __(good)student in the class.3、Can you run __(fast) than me? You can’t run__(fast) than Charlie because he runs ___(fast) of our three.4、Tom is __(old) student in our class, but he is__(young) than our teacher.最佳答案（一）写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____brightly______ -_____ bably _____ _______far____ _____quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________(二)用所给词的正确形式填空：1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.5. The _____ (cheap) bags are not usually the best ones.6. The short one is _______ (expensive) of the five.7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class.9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new house.10. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)(三)选择填空：1．He feels _____ today than yesterday.A. tiredB. more tiredC. more tirederD. much tired2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk?A. the worstB. worseC. the worseD. worst3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.A. the expensive oneB. one most expensiveC. a least expensiveD. the most expensive of them4. The line is ____ than that one.A. more longerB. not longerC. much more longerD. many more longer5. The earth is _____ the moon. A. as 49 times big asB. 49 times as bigger asC. 49 times as big asD.as big as 49 times6. The book is ____ of the two.A. thinnerB. the thinnerC. more thinnerD. the thinnest7. She looks _____ than she does.A. the more olderB. very olderC. much olderD. more older8. The garden is becoming ______.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler9. They competed（比赛）to see who could work _____.A. the fastest and bestB. the faster and the betterC. fastest and betterD. faster and better10.______ hurry, _______speed.A. More, lessB. Much, littleC. The more, the lessD. The much, the little11. This kind of coffee is different ______.A. and it is also betterB. and better than the otherC. but also than othersD. from the other, and better(四)翻译句子：1．这本书跟那本书一样有趣。
Unit 3_What courses do you offer
10 Read and choose. 阅读培训项目广告，为下面的人选择适当的课程。
Name Job
Alice
Receptionist
Bob Anna
Staff of business center
Secretary of the Front office department
Goal
Reach the highest level of hospitality English
Level5/6 English for Hospitality Monday and Wednesday 5:00PM—7:30PM
10 Read and choose. 阅读培训项目广告，为下面的人选择适当的课程。
ESL(English as Second Language) Technology Class For advanced English speakers, improve your reading,
10 Read and choose. 阅读培训项目广告，为下面的人选择适当的课程。
English for Hospitality Classes meet twice a week
DAY Level3/4 English for Hospitality Tuesday and Thursday 10:30AM—11:00PM
8 Act and practice.两人一组，选择语境并表演培训课程咨询对话。
Alice is a middle school student. She would like to take a course on New Concept English in her free time. And she has to go to school from Monday to Friday.
动态信任关系建模和管理技术研究
49.Gerck E Toward Real-World Models of Trust 1998
20.Chen R.W.Yeager Poblano:A Distributed Trust Model for Peer-to-Peer Networks.Sun Microsystems 2000
21.Winsborough W H.N Li Towards Practical Automated Trust Negotiation 2002
11.A.Abdul-Rahman.S.Halles A distributed trust model 1997
12.A.Abdul-Rahman.S.Hailes Using recommendations for managing trust in distributed systems 1997
34.F.Cornelli.E.Damiani.S.C.Vimercati.S.Paraboschi,P.Samarati A reputation-based approach for choosing reliable resources in peer-to-peer networks 2002
●由于PeerTrust和SecDWTrust都采用了社群信任查询的方法,因此在可信节点占大多数的情况下可以避免虚假的推荐,在~定程度上减轻了联合作弊的危害。而DwTrust 仪依赖直接经验进行判断,在缺乏赢接交互历史的情况下,无法识别联合欺骗行为。
新概念英语第一册第45-46课
★ handwriting 书写 hand（手）+ writing（写） 拓展：calligraphy [kə’liɡrəfi] 书法 very clear handwriting 非常清晰的字迹 His handwriting is bad. 他的字迹潦草。
★terrible adj. 糟糕的，可怕的 （1）糟糕的 1）-How are you today? -Terrible! 2）-How do you like the movie? 你觉得那部电影如何？ -It’s terrible! How do you like + sth 你觉得…如何?
3. I gotta leave/go! 我得走了～
gotta [’ɡɔtə] 1. 〈美俚〉必须; = got to
New
can modal verb 能够 boss n. 老板，上司 minute n. 分（钟） ask v.请求，要求 handwriting n. 书写 terrible adj. 糟糕的，可怕的 (注意红色字体字母的发音！)
（2）可怕的 She is a terrible woman. terrible weather 糟糕的天气 terrible traffic 糟糕的交通 terrible accident 严重的事故 adj. 极度的；非常严重的 I’ve got a terrible headache. adj. 糟透的（口语）；很蹩脚的 She is terrible at maths. 她的数学很蹩脚。 He is good at maths. 他擅长数学。
2. Can you come here a minute please, Bob?
新概念英语二册_71
关键句3
• It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. • Be of + (adj.)+noun. 用于描述人或物的 特征。 • They are of the same height. • 他们一样高。
关键句4
erect
• 建造，建立，成立 The monument was erected to Lincoln. Erection n.建立 The erection of the hospital is a big mistake.
Accurate=exact right
• Adj.准确的 • Can you tell me the accurate time please?
Lesson A famous clock
• Words/phrases 单词与词组 • Key points 学习要点 • Requests 学习要求
Words/phrases 单词与词组
• • • • • • • • • • parliament n. 议会，国会 erect v. 建起 accurate adj. 准确的 official n. 官员，行政人员 Greenwich n. 格林尼治 observatory n. 天文台 check v. 检查 Microphone n. 扩音器，麦克风 Microsoft tower n. 塔
Key points 学习要点
虚拟语气： • 错综时间下的用法：过去条件+现实情况 Eg: If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he should not be ill now. 要是当初听了医生的话，他现在就不会生病了。 （当时没有听，现在病倒了） If the doctor hadn’t come in time, the patient would be dead by now. 要是大夫没有及时赶到，这个病人这会儿也就过世 了。（丈夫及时赶到了，病人得救了）
微软简体中文语言规范指南说明书
Chinese (Simplified) Localization Style GuideTable of Contents1 Welcome (4)2 Microsoft voice (4)2.1 Choices that reflect Microsoft voice (5)2.1.1 Flexibility (5)2.1.2 Words and phrases to avoid (6)2.1.3 Word choice (6)2.1.4 Word-to-word translation (8)2.2 Sample Microsoft voice text (8)2.2.1 Address the user to take action (8)2.2.2 Explanatory text and providing support (9)2.2.3 Promoting a feature (10)2.2.4 Providing how-to guidelines (11)3 Inclusive language (11)3.1 Avoid gender bias (12)3.2 Accessibility (14)4 Language-specific standards (15)4.1 Grammar, syntax and orthographic standards (15)4.1.1 Abbreviations (15)4.1.2 Acronyms (16)4.1.3 Adjectives (18)4.1.4 Articles (19)4.1.5 Conjunctions (19)4.1.6 Contractions (20)4.1.7 Font localization (20)4.1.8 Localizing colloquialism, idioms, and metaphors (23)4.1.9 Modifiers (24)4.1.10 Numbers (25)4.1.11 Prepositions (25)4.1.12 Pronouns (26)4.1.13 Punctuation (26)4.1.14 Sentence fragments (36)4.1.15 Verbs (37)5 Localization considerations (37)5.1 Accessibility (38)5.2 Applications, products, and features (38)5.3 Trademarks (39)5.4 Software considerations (39)5.4.1 Arrow keys (39)5.4.2 Error messages (40)5.4.3 Keyboard shortcuts (42)5.4.4 Keys (45)5.4.5 Numeric keypad (47)5.4.6 Shortcut keys (47)5.5 Voice video considerations (50)5.5.1 English pronunciation (50)5.5.2 Tone (52)5.5.3 Video voice checklist (53)1WelcomeWelcome to the Microsoft Localization Style Guide for Chinese (Simplified). This guide will help you understand how to localize Chinese (Simplified) content in a way that best reflects the Microsoft voice.Before you dive in:•Make sure you understand the key tenants of the Microsoft voice.•Familiarize yourself with the recommended style references in Chinese (Simplified).2Microsoft voiceMicrosoft’s brand personality comes through in our voice and tone—what we say and how we say it. The design renaissance across Microsoft products, services, and experiences hinges on crisp simplicity.Three principles form the foundation of our voice:•Warm and relaxed: We’re natural. Less formal, more grounded in honest conversations.Occasionally, we’re fun. (We know when to celebrate.)•Crisp and clear: We’re to the point. We write for scanning first, reading second. We make it simple above all.•Ready to lend a hand: We show customers we’re on their side. We anticipate their real needs and offer great information at just the right time.The Microsoft voice targets a broad set of users from technology enthusiasts and casual computer users. Although content might be different for different audiences, the principles of Microsoft voice are the same. However, Microsoft voice also means keeping the audience in mind. Choose the right words for the audience: use technical terms for technical audiences, but for consumers use common words and phrases instead.These key elements of Microsoft voice should also extend across Microsoft content for all language locales. For each language, the specific choices in style and tone that produce Microsoft voice are different.2.1Choices that reflect Microsoft voiceTranslating Simplified Chinese in a way that reflects Microsoft voice meanschoosing words and grammatical structures that reflect the same style as the source text. It also means considering the needs of the audience and the intent of the text. The general style should be clear, friendly and concise. Use language that resembles conversation observed in everyday settings as opposed to the formal, technical language that is often used for technical and commercial content.When you are localizing source text written in Microsoft voice, feel freeto choose words that aren’t standard translations if you think that’s the best wayto stay true to the intent of the source text.Because Microsoft voice means a more conversational style, literallytranslating the source text may produce target text that is not relevant to customers. To guide your translation, consider the intent of the text and what the customer needs to know to successfully complete the task.2.1.1FlexibilityIt’s impor tant for translators to modify or re-write translated strings so that they are more appropriate and natural to Simplified Chinese customers. To do so, try to understand the whole intention of the sentences, paragraphs, and pages, and then re-write just like you are writing the contents yourselves. It will make the contents more perfect for Simplified Chinese users. Sometimes, you may need to remove any unnecessary contents.2.1.2Words and phrases to avoidMicrosoft voice avoids an unnecessarily formal tone.2.1.3Word choiceTerminologyUse approved terminology from the Microsoft Language Portal where applicable, for example for key terms, technical terms, and product names.Short word forms and everyday wordsMicrosoft voice text written in US English prefers the short, simple words spokenin everyday conversations. In English, shorter words are generally friendlier andless formal. Short words also save space on screen and are easier to read quickly. Precise, well-chosen words add clarity, but it is important to be intentional about using everyday words that customers are accustomed to.For zh-CN, translators should be aware of that some terms have different translations in different products. Keep in mind that we should check all relevant metadata in TS if you see multiple targets for a same term. In techincal documents or UI translation, please choose formal translation. In marketing documents, choose informal translation.2.1.4 Word-to-word translationTo achieve a fluent translation, word-to-word translation should be avoided. If texts are translated directly without overall understanding of the paragraph or the page, thecontents will not be natural and even ridiculous. And our customers will not come again. Strict word-to-word translation would make the tone stiff and unnatural. Thus, it isparamount to check the source text in the live pages in order to avoid translating simply a list of strings without context. The text may be split into different sentences if necessary, simplified. Sometimes you can omit descriptors to make the text snappier.Reflect your individuality 彰显你的个性 反映你的个性 Serious. Fun.张弛有度。
未来电脑发展趋势(双语)
未来电脑发展趋势微软平台小组负责人Jim Allchin在演讲中描述了现代电脑和其他设备的发展远景。
Allchin说：“我相信最成功的公司是那些知道人们需要什么的公司。
为了增强用户的应用体验，我们不能只是让电脑变得更强大，我们应该让电脑走出办公室，并把它的应用延伸到诸如客厅、厨房、卧室或车库等地方，我们甚至可以让电脑如同手表一样戴在手上。
”Windows生物识别越来越多的重要和保密的信息被储存在个人电脑中，由于密码泄漏而造成的敏感信息被非法访问的可能性增加了。
Windows生物识别技术为用户提供了一种方便、快速、不必使用复杂的密码管理就可以登录电脑的方法。
由于使用指纹进行识别，因此用于Windows生物识别技术的生物密码是惟一的，这就大大加强了电脑系统的安全性。
“Longhorn”的通讯性能目前，人们在电脑上使用得最多的通讯应用有两个，一个是电子邮件，另一个是即时通讯。
而实际上，大部分人的通讯应用却涉及到更多的通讯设备，如手机和普通有线电话等。
在日常工作中，人们交替使用不同的通讯设备，而这些通讯设备并没有被协调起来一起工作。
其结果是各种信息被分隔开来，用户要花很多时间来对这些分离信息进行管理。
例如，用户必须为不同的通讯设备设置不同的通讯录。
“Longhorn”将各种不同的通讯应用无缝地整合在一起，这让用户可以共享和同步来自电脑和其他通讯设备上的数据。
通过“Longhorn”的通讯应用功能，任何一种通讯联系都可以由其他方式的通讯应用来替换实现，这大大增强了用户通讯应用的灵活性。
“Longhorn”将不同的通讯软件和硬件整合在一起，这让用户可以更方便地进行信息交流。
而通过对各种通讯功能的整合，电脑的通讯功能得到了更进一步的提升。
电源感知技术微软电源感知技术（Microsoft Power Sense）是一种创新的技术，这项技术是电脑硬件和软件相结合的成果，它基于电脑硬件在架构上的改进和操作系统上更好的电源管理性能。
新理念英语学习综合教程第三册（Unit1）单选综合
新理念英语学习综合教程第三册（Unit1）单选综合卷APart IIIVocabulary and Structure ( 11 minutes )41、 Steam turbines (涡轮机) are used for the _____ ofelectricity、A) construction B) manufacturing C) change D)generation正确答案: D42 John s ays that his present job doesn’t provide him with enough_____ for his organizing ability、A) scope B) opening C) capacity D) range正确答案: A43、The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research theythink is best to _____、A) engage B) devote C) seek D) pursue正确答案: D44、One foolish mistake can _____ you in a good deal of trouble、A) release B) involve C) evolve D) empower正确答案: B45、 The doctor suggested __________ my diet with vitamins Eand A、A) supplement B) supplementing C) add D) adding正确答案: B46、 ____________, this essay is quite good except for a fewspelling mistakes、 Which one of the following choices is NOT appropriate to fillin the blank?A) On balance B) Generally C) Generally speaking D)In balance正确答案: D47、 Up the chimney roared the fire, and ______ the room withits broad blaze、A) brightened B) lingered C) furnished D) fused正确答案: A48、 Now the cheers and applause _____ in a single sustainedroar、A) mingled B) concentrated C) assembled D) permeated 正确答案: A49、 They also are looking closely at what may be two key piecesof Columbia (哥伦比亚号航天飞机) _____ — a 2-foot piece of one wing anda 300-pound cover of a landing gear partment、A) debris B) garbage C) palette D) canvas正确答案: A50、 "I am afraid it will not _____ my dress," she answered,"and, besides, the Chamberlain's nephew has sent me some real jewels, and everybody knows that jewels cost far more than flowers、"A) settle into B) stand out C) expose to D) go with 正确答案: D51、Unable to go out because of the deep snow, she felt _____in her own house、A) isolated B) isolating C) imprisonedD) imprisoning正确答案:C52、Nobody encourages a man to dissect his appearance, feat ure by feature、_____ perfection, that is considered trivial —almost unmanly、A) As for B) As of C) As fromD) As by正确答案:A53、"Now that you have a job and I don't," the husband s aid to his wife, "our situationsare _____、"A) remarkable B) diverged C) transferredD) reversed正确答案:D54、The street sellers repeatedly _____ their selling cries about their goods、A) advocated B) pursued C) barkedD) confirmed正确答案:C55、"We are convinced that efforts for a peaceful resolution of the situation regarding Iraq should be _____ continued," Pu tin told journalists after talks with Chancellor Gerhard Schr oeder in Berlin、A) genetically B) normally C) persistentlyD) significantly正确答案:C56、With a tremulous whisper, he broke off in the middle ofa sentence, his hands flapping at his side in a ______ shrug、A) psychic B) helpless C) capableD) tranquil正确答案:B57、During the citywide drive, doctors will provide free co nsultation and blood pressure examinations in local munities、______, medical staff at district hospitals will receive sp ecial training to improve their professional skills in treati ng hypertension patients、A) As a result B) On balance C) For instanceD) In addition正确答案:D58、We can _______ with four puters at the moment, but we 'll need a couple more when the new staff arrive、A) go for B) go off C) get throughD) get by正确答案:D59、Teachers are on strike in protest at the pay settlemen t _______ by the government this year、A) added B) stressed C) forcedD) imposed正确答案D60、Tim is good, smart and hardworking、__________, I can't speak too highly of him、A) As a result B) In a word C) By the wayD) On the contrary正确答案:B卷B41、 Jack is deeply _____ in the trouble of this fraud scandal、A) involved B) occurred C) absorbed D) attracted 正确答案: A42、A long walk in bad weather won’t hurt Jack; he is very_____、A) solid B) rough C) strict D) tough正确答案: D43、 Steel is an alloy (合金) posed _____ of iron and carbon、A) primarily B) traditionally C) carefully D) partially正确答案: A44、 There have been some _____ improvements in the young man’s health、A) appreciative B) appreciable C) applicable D) appropriate正确答案: B45、This project would _____ a huge increase in defense spending、A) result B) assure C) entail D) acplish正确答案: C46、 The president promised to keep all the board members _____of how the negotiations were going on、A) illustrated B) proved C) improved D) informed 正确答案: D47、 Peter plained to the owner of the bookstore that therewere several pages _______ in the book、 A) losing B) missing C) missed D) lose正确答案: B48、 People regularly buy _________ to reduce uncertainty andto protect themselves from future disasters、 A) assurance B) ensurance C) insurance D) grantee正确答案: C49、"The deal can create insurance ______ among local residents and increase our brand fame," said Benno Freiherr von Canstein, general manager of Allianz Dazhong、A) union B) donor C) awareness D) humanity 正确答案: C50、In the past five years, the national economy hasmaintained a sustained, rapid and sound development、Notable progresshas been _____ in improving socialist democracy and spiritual civilization as a result of reform and opening up、A) fused B) strapped C) tolerated D) registered正确答案: D51、The massive _____ readership, the almost free publication,and the ease in putting words online, bined, mean that literary magazines,which are practically profit-free in printed form, are blooming acrossthe Web、A) potential B) rotary C) patronize D) dizzy正确答案: A52、This is in sharp contrast with the abuse of powers widespread in many parts of the world, where "protective umbrellas" (thosein authority) enable some public figures to _____ their positions forpersonal gains, instead of working for the mon good of the people undertheir care、A) snatch B) enhance C) guarantee D) exploit正确答案: D53、 "It's making me totally nervous," says Keith Schenk, 34,who works in a jail medical unit in _______ Maryland、 "I'm looking overmy shoulder all the time、"A) suburban B) suburb C) surrounded D) superb正确答案: A54、 Every year at this time, the peasants began their longreligious pilgrimage to Geed-leh、 They walked or rode in _______; theycrowded the roads leading to the holy town, for Geed-leh was famous inPoland as a place where God did miracles、A) rockets B) wagons C) cultivators D) canoes正确答案: B55、 Greenway appeared at Bow Street _______ Court to face thecharge of violating the nation's foreign-exchange laws、A) Quakers' B) Watchmen's C) Magistrates' D) Budget's 正确答案: C56、 If the work _________ pleted by the end of this year is delayed, the construction pany will be fined、A) being B) to be C) will be D) has been正确答案: B57、In no circumstances can more work be got out of a machinethan _______、A) to put into it B) be put into it C) is put into it D)that is to be put into it正确答案: C58、 Look at the photo and you'll find Diana _________ herfather、A) takes to B) takes after C) takes for D) takes over 正确答案: B59、 Tim is good, smart and hardworking、 __________, I can'tspeak too highly of him、A) As a result B) In a word C) By the way D) On thecontrary正确答案: B60、I know you think I'm talking nonsense, Tom, but _________you'll realize that I was right、A) at one time B) in time C) at times D) on time正确答案: B卷C41、The twin brothers are quite alike, I can’t find any _____ differencebetween them、A) apprehensible B) appreciative C) appropriate D) appreciable正确答案: D42、 His long service to the pany was _____ with a present、A) admitted B) appreciated C) acknowledged D) accepted正确答案: C43、 Many university courses are not really _____ to the needs of studentsor their future employers、A) associates B) relate C) geared D) qualified正确答案: C44、 Freed of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and _____ to theSouth、A) drifted B) flowed C) followed D) lifted正确答案: A45、 ____________, this essay is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes、Which one of the following choices is NOT appropriate to fill in the blank?A) On balance B) Generally C) Generally speaking D) In balance正确答案: D46、Toronto residents are already wary of going to restaurants,ridership has dropped on public ______, and industry watchers say the decline intourism has been devastating、A) transit B) rendezvous C) gratitude D) territory正确答案: A47、 The page had so many corrections and ments on it that the originaltext was virtually ______、A) unloaded B) unreadable C) unpredictable D) undone正确答案: B48、 He, a former ABC News science editor, now supports himself by _____writing for British publications、A) freelance B) evil C) successive D) extraterrestrial正确答案: A49、 It takes the poor gentleman several months to _____ his being down-and-out、A) e to terms with B) face up to C) get through with D) look back on正确答案: A50、 Her objection _____ the plan is based on the misleadingfacts、A) to B) for C) towards D) upon正确答案: A51、 The team are ten points ahead of their closest _____ in the league、A) enemies B) fugitives C) watchmen D) pursuers正确答案: D52、 Nobody encourages a man to dissect his appearance, feature by feature、 _____ perfection, that is considered trivial —almost unmanly、A) As for B) As of C) As from D) As by正确答案: A53、Because the road was being repaired, barriers were ______ to prevent people from driving in that area、 A) played up B) closed up C) put up D) picked up正确答案: C54、 Following him through the door were three frightening men wearing those horrible stocking masks, one of whom in front was carrying a(n) ______、A) instrument B) pistol C) sled D) machinery正确答案: B55、 In fact, with its earpiece and speakerphone, the color-screen ______ functions for most people as the principal mobile phone as well as data organizer、A) bonnet B) symbol C) device D) utensil正确答案: C56、 Teachers are on strike in protest at the pay settlement _______ by the government this year、A) added B) stressed C) forced D) imposed正确答案: D57、 We shall not yield to any outside pressure or enter into _______ with any big power or group of countries, nor shall we establish any military bloc, join in the arms race or seek military expansion、A) arrangement B) terror C) discussion D) alliance正确答案: D58、 Every year at this time, the peasants began their long religious pilgrimage to Geed-leh、 They walked or rode in _______; they crowded the roads leading to the holy town, for Geed-leh was famous in Poland as a place where God did miracles、A) rockets B) wagons C) cultivators D) canoes正确答案: B59、 I want to buy a new tie to __________ this brown suit、A) go into B) go after C) go by D) go with正确答案: D60、Tim is good, smart and hardworking、__________, I can't speak too highlyof him、A) As a result B) In a word C) By the way D) On the contrary 正确答案: B卷D41、 By buying five books every month, I soon _____ a library、A) accumulated B) accelerated C) accurate D) acmodated正确答案: A42、King Lear is one of Shakespeare’s _____、 The play endswith the very sad death of Cordelia and Lear、 A) edies B) concerts C) cartoons D) tragedies正确答案: D43、 It took me six months to _____ the wild horse、A) breed B) tame C) cultivate D) tend正确答案: B44、 The government takes great efforts to balance _____、A) expenditure B) oute C) budget D) asset正确答案: C45、 The battle won with so great a loss of soldiers that itwas a(n) _____ defeat、A) virtual B) verbal C) superficial D) artificial 正确答案: A46、One foolish mistake can _____ you in a good deal of trouble、A) release B) involve C) evolve D) empower正确答案: B47、I would just as soon you _______ this book because I’vegot one already、A) not buy B) not buying C) didn’t buy D) having not bought正确答案: C48、Our pany recruited a new manager to ________ this important project、A) see that B) under see C) oversee D) over see 正确答案: C49、 All the pupils _____ straight when the teacher came intothe classroom、A) sat up B) dined out C) cashed in D) passed for 正确答案: A50、Rest assured that your friendship will be _____ with sympathy and kindness、A) appreciated B) forged C) repaid D) imposed正确答案: C51、Language not only depends on its culture, but _____ structures reality for this culture、A) in particular B) in theory C) in addition D) in turn 正确答案:D52、Economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, which hasbeen built on a consolidated foundation, still has _____ for further development and diversification、A) evolution B) promise C) contentment D) potential 正确答案: D53、 The attack on our nation is also an attack on the idealsthat make us a nation、 Our deepest national ______ is that every lifeis precious, because every life is the gift of a creator who intended usto live in liberty and equality、A) requirement B) blessing C) mitment D) conviction 正确答案: D54、It's exhausting ______ from Suzhou to Shanghai every day、A) crisscrossing B) departing C) prying D) muting 正确答案: D55、 If the work _________ pleted by the end of this year is delayed, the construction pany will be fined、A) being B) to be C) will be D) has been正确答案: B56、 Who __________ has read Shakespeare's great plays canforget their fascination?A) that B) which C) who D) ever正确答案: A57、 The dressing-table was bare, _________ a pair of ivoryhair brushes、A) in addition to B) except C) except for D) besides 正确答案: C58、 Peter plained to the owner of the book store that therewere some pages _________ in the dictionary、A) losing B) missing C) dropping D) falling正确答案: B59、 What she told me about the affair simply doesn't make any________、A) idea B) sense C) meaning D) significance正确答案: B60、 Why can't you do this small _________ for me? I've helpedyou often enough in the past、A) demand B) request C) favor D) requirement正确答案: C卷E41、 Every day she takes a _____ dose of medicine、A) fantastic B) fashionable C) fanciful D) favorable正确答案: A42、King Lear is one of Shakespeare’s _____、 The play ends with thevery sad death of Cordelia and Lear、A) edies B) concerts C) cartoons D) tragedies正确答案: D43、 By _____ putation, he estimated that the repairs on the house wouldcost him a thousand dollars、 A) coarse B) rude C) crude D) rough正确答案: D44、 It is said that in order to produce one pound of honey, the bees have tofly a _____ twice that around the world、A) distance B) square C) width D) nature正确答案: A45、The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on thenew land、A) get along with B) get back on C) get through D) get into 正确答案: C46、 The doctor suggested __________ my diet with vitaminsE and A、A) supplement B) supplementing C) add D) adding正确答案: B47、Our pany recruited a new manager to ________ this important project、A) see that B) under see C) oversee D) over see正确答案: C48、 They shouldn't take a risk of reaching the apples on the ______ branches、A) humble B) topmost C) reverse D) successive正确答案: B49、 Even the most ______ judges can sometimes make a bad decision、A) dreary B) reverend C) representative D) hypothetical 正确答案: B50、 We are supposed to _____ all the books when we are finished withthem、A) put off B) put up C) put away D) put out正确答案: C51、 If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____in the courtyard、A) assemble B) converge C) crowd D) accumulate正确答案: A52、 Her objection _____ the plan is based on the misleading facts、A) to B) for C) towards D) upon正确答案: A53、The massive _____ readership, the almost free publication, and the ease in putting words online, bined, mean that literary magazines, which are practically profit-free in printed form, are blooming across the Web、A) potential B) rotary C) patronize D) dizzy正确答案: A54、 We tried to _____ the fact that it was just a school ball hall by putting up coloured lights and balloons、A) impress B) diminish C) disguise D) tolerate正确答案: C55、Getting to know Mary was his _____ —she made him laugh and forgetall his troubles、A) salvation B) contentment C) promise D) lantern正确答案: A56、 Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fearno _____, for you are with me、A) innocence B) evil C) sin D) tremble正确答案: B57、 Mary did not allow her lack of money to bee a(n) ______ to gettinga good education、A) impact B) frustration C) barrier D) barricade正确答案: C58、 Following him through the door were three frightening men wearing those horrible stocking masks, one of whom in front was carrying a(n) ______、A) instrument B) pistol C) sled D) machinery正确答案: B59、 We shall not yield to any outside pressure or enter into _______ with any big power or group of countries, nor shall we establish any military bloc,join in the arms race or seek military expansion、A) arrangement B) terror C) discussion D) alliance 正确答案: D60、 I would just as soon _________ rudely to the child、A) you not speak B) you won't speak C) you not speaking D) you didn't speak正确答案: D卷F41、 The study shows that the reserves of coal are _____ to last for 100 years、A) efficient B) effective C) sufficient D) permanent 正确答案: C42、King Lear is one of Shakespeare’s _____、 The play ends with thevery sad death of Cordelia and Lear、A) edies B) concerts C) cartoons D) tragedies正确答案: D43、 A small child has to learn to keep its _____ before it can walk far、A) temper B) feeling C) balance D) weight44、 The battle won with so great a loss of soldiers that it was a(n)_____ defeat、A) virtual B) verbal C) superficial D) artificial正确答案: A45、 The international situation is very _____ in the Middle East、A) delicious B) deliberate C) delicate D) diverse正确答案: C46、 The doctor suggested __________ my diet with vitaminsE and A、A) supplement B) supplementing C) add D) adding正确答案: B47、He sent me a/an ______ of the two-volume novel including the most exciting scenes、A) summary B) outline C) digest D) conclusion正确答案: C48、 The table-cloth embroidered with flowers and birds has ______ round the edge、A) section B) strap C) lace D) pad正确答案: C49、 They shouldn't take a risk of reaching the apples on the ______ branches、A) humble B) topmost C) reverse D) successive正确答案: B50、 The child was educated not to ______ the weak people, especiallythe disabled、A) deal B) mock C) laugh D) treat51、 She gets a 15% ______ on every machine she sells、A) mission B) gratitude C) repayment D) appreciation正确答案: A52、 The page had so many corrections and ments on it that the originaltext was virtually ______、A) unloaded B) unreadable C) unpredictable D) undone正确答案: B53、 If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____in the courtyard、A) assemble B) converge C) crowd D) accumulate正确答案: A54、The illustrations for the book were drawn by a _____ artist、A) monster B) long-overdue C) flourishing D) freelance正确答案: D55、 A strong blast of wind blew the car _____ off the road、A) normally B) ashore C) dimly D) sideways正确答案: D56、 "The electronics giant Philips is working on technology that will ______ the next generation of mobile phones into miniature video stores and music libraries," Britain's New Scientist says in last Saturday issue、A) transform B) endure C) heave D) disguise正确答案: A57、 Mary did not allow her lack of money to bee a(n) ______ to gettinga good education、A) impact B) frustration C) barrier D) barricade 正确答案: C58、 Following him through the door were three frightening men wearing those horrible stocking masks, one of whom in front was carrying a(n) ______、A) instrument B) pistol C) sled D) machinery正确答案: B59、 Peter plained to the owner of the book store that there were some pages _________ in the dictionary、A) losing B) missing C) dropping D) falling正确答案: B60、 He _________ his lessons about Italy with photographs of the people who live there、A) illustrated B) cited C) quoted D) explained正确答案: A。
初二英语经济常识单选题50题
初二英语经济常识单选题50题1. When you go shopping, you can use ____ to pay for the goods.A. moneyB. paperC. stoneD. leaf答案：A。
解析：本题考查经济常识中的支付方式相关的词汇。
在购物时，我们使用货币（money）来支付商品。
选项B“paper”（ 纸）单独不能作为支付手段；选项C“stone”（石头）在现代经济场景中不是支付工具；选项D“leaf” 树叶）也不是用于购物支付的东西。
2. If you want to save money, you can put it in a ____.A. boxB. bankC. pocketD. drawer答案：B。
解析：存钱的地方是银行 bank）。
选项A“box” 盒子）虽然可以存放东西，但不是专门存钱的正规场所；选项C“pocket” 口袋）只是临时存放少量钱的地方，不是储蓄的地方；选项D“drawer” 抽屉）也不是正规的储蓄场所。
3. The price of this dress is too ____. I can't afford it.A. lowB. highC. cheapD. expensive答案：B。
解析：形容价格（price）高用“high”，低用“low”；而“cheap” 便宜的）和“expensive” 昂贵的）是用来形容物品本身的。
这里说买不起，是价格高，所以选B。
4. When you buy something on sale, you can get it at a ____ price.A. fullB. halfC. doubleD. triple答案：B。
解析：“on sale”（ 促销）时，通常是以半价（half price）购买。
选项A“full”（全价）不符合促销的情况；选项C“double”（双倍）和选项D“triple” 三倍）不是促销时常见的价格情况。
新概念英语第二册 第1课 (共19张PPT)
get 是逐渐变得的意思，接近become e.g. During the night, it got terribly cold.
4. I couldn’t hear the actor.
hear sb. 听见某人说话 hear from sb. 收到某人来信 hear of sb./sth. 知道某人（某事） hear about sth. 听说、得悉某消息 e.g. I can’t hear you.
summary writing.
1、where did the writer go last week? 2、did he enjoy the play or not? 3、who was sitting behind him? 4、were they talking loudly ,or they talking quietly ? 5、could the writer hear the actors or not? 6、did he turn around or not? 7、what did he say? 8、did the young man say ,“the play is not interesting”or did he say ,“this is a private conversation”?
New words
private
adj.私人的 personal. a private company; private life
conversation
n.谈话 talk have a conversation with sb. e.g. I had a quiet conversation with my closest friend. v. converse交谈
2011年全国考研英语(二)试题及答案
2011年全国考研英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property _1_from creative thinking and may include products _2_ processes and ideas. Intellectual property is protected _3_ misappropriation (盗用) Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without _4_ compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal protection is provided for the _5_ of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents copyrights and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office _6_ a patent it is confirming that the intellectual property is _7_. The patent prevents others from making using or selling the invention without the owner’s _8_ for a period of 20 years.Copyright are similar to patents _9_ that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an _10_ artistic or intellectual work such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy _11_ display or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The _12_ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author _13_ an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words names or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and _14_ it from similar goods of others. A servicemark is similar to a trademark _15_ is used to identify service.A trademark prevents others from using the _16_ or a similar word name or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and _17_ of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. _18_ registration a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be _19_ for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as _20_ as the mark’s use continues.1. A. retrieves B. deviates C. results D. departs2. A. services B. reserves C. assumptions D. motions3. A. for B. with C. by D. from4. A. sound B. partial C. due D. random5. A. users B. owners C. masters D. executives6. A. affords B. affiliates C. funds D. grants7. A. solemn B. sober C. unique D. universal8. A. perspective B. permission C. conformity D. consensus9. A. except B. besides C. beyond D. despite10. A. absolute B. alternative C. original D. orthodox11. A. presume B. stimulate C. nominate D. distribute12. A. range B. length C. scale D. extent13. A. plus B. versus C. via D. until14. A. distract B. differ C. distinguish D. disconnect15. A. or B. but C. so D. whereas16. A. identical B. analogical C. literal D. parallel17. A. ambiguity B. utility C. popularity D. proximity18. A. From B. Over C. Before D. Upon19. A. recurred B. renewed C. recalled D. recovered20. A. long B. soon C. far D. wellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A B C or D. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (40 points)Text 1Within a large concrete room cut out of a mountain on a freezing-told island just 1000 kilometers from the North Pole could lie the future of humanity.The room is a vault (地下库) designed to hold around 2 million seeds representing all known varietie s of the world’s crops. It is being built to safeguard the world’s food supply against nuclear war climate change terrorism rising sea levels earthquakes and the collapse of electricity supplies. “If the worst came to the worst this would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet.” says Cary Fowler director of the Global Crop Diversity Trust an independent international organization promoting the project.The Norwegian (挪威的) government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop scientists. The $3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of reinforced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors.The vault’s seed collection will represent the products of some 10000 years of plant breeding by the world’s famers. Though most are no longer widely planted the varieties contain vital genetic properties still regularly used in plant breeding.To survive the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside thevault each winter when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18℃. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned the permanently frozen soil would keep the seeds alive. And even accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault.“This will be the world’s most secure gene bank” says Fowler. “But its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some re ason.”The project comes at a time when there is growing concern about the safety of existing seed banks around the world. Many have been criticized for poor security ageing refrigeration (冷藏) systems and vulnerable electricity supplies.The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility study said the facility “would essentially be built to last forever”.21. The Norwegian vault is important in that _________________.A. the seeds in it r epresent the rarest varieties of world’s crops.B. the seeds in it could revive agriculture if the worst thing should happenC. it is built deep in a mountain on a freezing-cold Arctic islandD. it is strong enough against all disasters caused by man and nature22. The seed bank project was proposed by __________.A. the Norwegian governmentB. Norwegian farmersC. Spitsbergen residentsD. agricultural scientists23. The seeds in the vault will be stored ____________________.A. as samples of world crop varietiesB. as products of world plant breedingC. for their valuable genetic propertiesD. for their resistance to plant diseases24. For the seed bank project to be successful the most important factor is probably________.A. constructing tight airlocksB. maintaining high securityC. keeping freezing temperaturesD. storing large quantities of seeds25. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Norwegian vault models after existing seed banksB. The Spitsbergen seed bank is expected to last 10000 yearsC. The existing seed banks have potential problemsD. The UN financed the Spitsbergen seed bankText 2Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation manufacturing and trade and distribution. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle third of the nineteenth century led to significant improvements in the speed volume and regularity of shipments and communications making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods.In agriculture the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators the cotton presses the warehouses and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation’s farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing the transformation was marked by the emergence of a “new factory system” in which plants became larger more complex and more systematically organized and managed. And in distribution the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber the wholesaler and the mass retailer. These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and 1920.To be sure there were still small workshops where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures. There were the sweatshops in city tenements where groups of men and women in household settings manufactured clothing or cigars on a piecework basis. And there were factories in occupations such as metalwork where individual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building. But as the number of wage earners in manufacturing rose from 2.7 million in 1880 to 4.5 million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920 the number of huge plants like the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia burgeoned as did the size of the average plant. (The Baldwin Works had 600 employees in 1855 3000 in 1875 and 8000 in 1900.) By 1920 at least in the northeastern United States where most of the nation’s manufacturing wage earners were concentrated three-quarters of those worked in factories with more than 100 employees and 30 percent worked in factories with more than 1000 employees.26. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?A. New technological developments had little effect on farmers.B. The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.C. Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.D. Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.27. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as part of the “new factory system?”A. A change in the organization of factories.B. A growth in the complexity of factories.C. An increase in the size of factories.D. An increase in the cost of manufacturing industrial products.28. Which of the following statements about manufacturing before 1870 can be inferred from the passage?A. Most manufacturing activity was highly organized.B. Most manufacturing occurred in relatively small plants.C. The most commonly manufactured goods were cotton presses.D. Manufacturing and agriculture each made up about half of the nation’s economy.29. The author mentions the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Paragraph 3 because it wasA. a well-known metal-worksB. the first plant of its kind in PhiladelphiaC. typical of the large factories that were becoming more commonD. typical of factories that consisted of a single building30. The word “presided over” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning toA. managedB. led toC. worked inD. producedText 3In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed its president Yasumoto Takagi called each victim’s family to apologize and then promptly resigned. And in 1987 when a subsidiary of Toshiba sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.These executive actions which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees Japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make suc h activity unthinkable even in an independently run subsidiary.”Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices even if they are largely symbolic help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor” and to some i n the United States such resignations look cowardly. However in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility If for instance US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts negotiations would probably take on a very different character.31. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?A. In Japan the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.B. He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.C. In Japan the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.D. He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.32. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan you have to ________.A. apologize promptly for your subordinates' mistakesB. be skillful in accepting blames from customersC. make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessaryD. create a strong sense of company loyalty33. What’s Professor George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?A. sympatheticB. biasedC. criticalD. approving.34. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.B. American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.C. School principals bear legal responsibility for students' crimes.D. Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.35. The passage is mainly about ______________.A. resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crisesB. the importance of delegating responsibility to employeesC. ways of evading responsibility in times of crisesD. the difference between two business culturesText 4The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style characterized by sinuous lines floral and vegetable motifs and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one bringing together elements of Japanese art motifs of ancient cultures and natural forms. The glass obxxxxjects of this style were elegant in outline although often deliberately distorted with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed “art glass.” Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and reliedfor its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer successfully combining ancient Egyptian Japanese and Persian motifs.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915 although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920’s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement—that function should determine form—was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple surfaces plain and any ornament should be baxxxxsed on geometric relationships. This new design concept coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast stark outline and complex textural surfaces.36. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?A. Design elements in the Art Nouveau styleB. The popularity of the Art Nouveau styleC. Production techniques for art glassD. Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style37. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?A. To compare different Art Nouveau stylesB. To give examples of famous Art Nouveau artistsC. To explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United StatesD. To show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world38. What does the author mean by stating that “function should determine form” (para 3 line 6)?A. A useful obxxxxject should not be attractiveB. The purpose of an obxxxxject should influence its formC. The design of an obxxxxject is considered more significant than its functionD. The form of an obxxxxject should not include decorative elements39. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that itA. clearly distinguished between art and designB. appealed to people who liked complex painted designsC. reflected a common desire to break from the pastD. was easily interpreted by the general public40. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?A. Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.B. It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.C. It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World WarD. It was not attractive to architects and designersPart BDirections: Read the following text and then answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitle. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1 (10 points)Growth in the market for glass craftsHistorical development of glassArchitectural experiments with glassA former glass technologyComputers and their dependence on glassWhat makes glass so adaptableExciting innovations in fiber opticsGlass in one form or another has long been in noble service to humans. As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials and certainly the most versatile it can be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court or as small and simple as a marble rolling across dirt. The uses of this adaptable material have been broadened dramatically by new technologies: glass fiber optics—more than eight million miles—carrying telephone and television signals across nations; glass ceramics serving as the nose cones of missiles and as crowns for teeth; tiny glass beads taking radiation doses inside the body to specific organs; even a new type of glass fashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispose of that unwanted material.41. _____________________________________On the horizon are optical computers. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today’s electronic computers and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a cleaner image of smaller and smaller obxxxxjects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U.S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.42. ______________________________________But it is not only in technology and commerce that glass has widened its horizons. The use of glass as art a tradition going back at least to Roman times is also booming. Nearly everywhere it seems men and women are blowing glass and creating works of art. “I didn’t sell a piece of glass until 1975” Dale Chihuly said smiling for in the 18 years since the end of the dry spell he has become one of the20th century. He now has a new commission—a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company—for which his fee is half a million dollars.43. ______________________________________But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modern. Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day’s pay for the average worker. In effect the invention of the ri bbon machine by Corning in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66000 an hour as compared with 1200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.44. _______________________________________The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid and thus like a solid the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process the atoms in the raw materials are distributed from their normal positioning the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. Thisl ooseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous “formability” which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.45. ______________________________________Today scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixture and building designers test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. A London architect Mike Davies sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. “Glass is the great building material of the future the ‘dynamic skin’ ” he said. “Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents going through it glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button that gives you instant curtains. Think of how the tall buildings in New York could perform a symphony of colors as the glass in them is made to change colors instantly.” Glass as instant curtains is available now but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colors instantly that may come true. Mike Davies’s vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillment.Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your version on Answer Sheet 2 (15 points)The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that were occurring on campus. Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinction between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater i mpact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are lixxxxnking people to a global village or what one writer calls the electronic city. Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact for example the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake fo cused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events they developed some perception of these realities.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Read the following Chinese and write an abstract of 80-100 words. You should write your abstract on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)高崚、杨威被华中科技大学“劝退”，暴露出这样一个问题，一些运动员上学，只是名义上的，他们并没有真正走进课堂，也没有读一些应该读的书。
新理念英语上机测试(华工版)B4U14-A
全新版第二版听说B4U14-APart I Listening Comprehension ( 31 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1.A) The town hall.B) Brook Road.C) Victoria Street.D) Central Bank.Script: Woman: Excuse me, I am trying to get to the dance party in Bryce Street.Man: Oh, yes, I suppose that’ll be the town hall. Well, right now, as you can see, we are in the main square, at the corner of Brook Road and Victoria Street. You can see the Central Bank across the road on the opposite corner. The town hall is to the left of the Central Bank.Question: Where does the woman want to go?正确答案： A2.A) A football match.B) A tennis match.C) A running competition.D) A basketball match.Script: Woman: You would do well in your 400-meter relay! What time is the competition?Man: Let me see, I have got the schedule here. The 400-meter relay is at 1:30 pm.Question: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?正确答案： C3.A) Asking information on her music class.B) Asking for taking a make-up violin exam.C) Asking for a practical violin exam.D) Asking for a Grade 7 make-up violin exam. Script: Man: Hello, this is the Jackson School of Music. Can I help you?Woman: Hello, my name is Jane Smith. I want to sit my Grade 7 violin exam this weekend, the practical exam. Can you help me?Question: What does the woman call for?正确答案： C4.A) She will ride her bike around the city.B) She will take a train trip to the city.C) She will ride her bike to her teacher’s home.D) She will visit her aunt.Script: Man: Hi, Lisa, what are you doing today? Woman: I am going to ride my bike to Jones Street Station and catch a train to visit my auntie.Question: What will Lisa do today?正确答案： D5.A) In the ticket office.B) Outside the station.C) From a ticket machine.D) Near the entrance.Script: Man: Good morning. Can you please tell me how to find a ticket office here?Woman: I am afraid there is no ticket office around here. There are ticket machines just inside the entrance, to your right.Question: Where can the woman buy the ticket?正确答案： CQuestions 6 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Script: Woman: Hello, my car was stolen and I want to report it.Man: Where was it when it was stolen?Woman: It was parked outside of my apartment building. I went outside this morning to drive to work, and it was gone.Man: Okay, you need to fill out this form. Put down the maker and model of the vehicle, the year, and the color. You’ll also need the license plate number. Do you know the vehicle’s VIN number?Woman: No, I don’t.Man: That’s okay. Just fill it out and we’ll launch an investigation.Woman: What do you think the chances are that I’ll recover my car?Man: That’s hard to say. If it was stolen by some kids who wanted to take a joyride, they’ll abandon it afterwards and you may get it back in one piece. If it was taken by professional car thieves, that’s adifferent story. They usually strip the cars of their parts and sell them to chop shops. You may not want your car back after it’s been stripped.Woman: I’ll just have to wish for the best.Man: We’ll notify you if we have some news.Woman: Thanks. In the meantime, I’d better get used to taking subways and buses around town!6.A) Outside a shopping mall.B) Outside the apartment building.C) Outside the parking lot.D) Outside the office.Script: Where was the car stolen?正确答案： B7.A) They will abandon the car soon and she can get it back.B) They will return the car in one piece.C) They will take the car to a garage.D) They will strip the car of their parts and sell them.Script: What would happen to the car if it was stolen by some kids?正确答案： A8.A) She will take a taxi back.B) She will need to wait for the news from the police.C) She will take a subway back to work.D) She will have to use someone else’s car. Script: What will the woman do next?正确答案： BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Script: Woman: Have you heard the latest news? Man: No, what is it?Woman: Charlie was fired last Friday after the company found out that he had been cooking the books for over six months and had taken more than $50,000. Man: Charlie? I don’t believe it! He is the most upstanding person I know. I can imagine him stretching the truth now and then, but he’s the last person I would think of as being truly dishonest. I would never think to question his integrity.Woman: It wasn’t greed that made him do it. His wife has been ill and he couldn’t pay the medical bills.I think he had the best of intentions in trying to get his wife the healthcare she needed, but it was only a matter of time before he got caught, no matter how well he covered his tracks.Man: Well, I know he’s a bad liar and he’s not known to make mistakes, so I’m not surprised that someone caught on pretty quickly when there were irregularities in the accounting. What I don’t understand is, if he was having financial problems, why didn’t he tell anybody? Some of us may have helped. Woman: I don’t know. Maybe he felt desperate and just didn’t know what to do. I’m sure his wife beingsick has been difficult for him. I don’t think the company is going to press charges, though, under the circumstances.Man: I’m glad to hear that. That’s the last thing he needs. It’s clear that he showed poor judgment, but he’s not a criminal.Woman: That’s the general consensus. I’m thinking of taking up a collection to help him out. Do you think the company would mind?Man: Considering he was fired, I’d keep it a secret from management, but I think it’s a great idea.9.A) His house caught fire.B) He lost his job.C) He was ill.D) He became a fireman.Script: What happened to Charlie last Friday?正确答案： B10.A) He was greedy and wanted to become a rich man.B) He was dishonest and wanted to make some easy money.C) His wife was ill and he needed money.D) He was a good liar.Script: Why did Charlie take the money from the company?正确答案： C11.A) The two speakers thought Charlie was a bad guy.B) The two speakers are sympathetic with Charlie.C) The two speakers wanted to help Charlie.D) The two speakers would like to report to the president of the company.Script: What can be inferred from the conversation?正确答案： BSection BDirestions：Listen to three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. All the recordings will be played once only. After you hear a question, please choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage OneQuestions 12 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.Script: The Public Security Bureau said Wednesday that the number of serious crimes, such as arson, explosions, murder, rape and kidnapping went down last year. The PSB says there were more than 6,000 arson cases, down 11 percent, and 586 cases involving explosives, down 25 percent. No precise figures were given for murder, rape and kidnapping, but the PSB said murder decreased by 10 percent, while rape and kidnapping each dropped about two percent.Wu Heping, a spokesman for China’s Public Security Bureau, says economic crimes rose more than 4 percent last year, to more than 84,000 cases. He says economic crimes have reached a new peak. In recent years with China’s fast economic development, economic crimes have been climbing higher every day. In the past, Chinese officials have admitted that hundreds of such incidents occur every day in China’s vast countryside, and have grown along with China’s wealth gap.Overall, the PSB says there were more than 4.5 million criminal cases last year, about the same as the year before. The vast majority of crimes involved theft, robbery, and burglary, which hardly dropped at all.12.A) Arson.B) Murder.C) Kidnapping.D) Theft.Script: What is not mentioned as the category of crimes which went down last year?正确答案： D13.A) More than 6,000.B) More than 5,000.C) More than 586.D) More than 685.Script: How many cases of arson were there last year?正确答案： A14.A) All crime categories went down.B) The majority of crimes hardly went down.C) The majority of crimes were murder and kidnapping.D) All crime categories went up.Script: What was the situation about the majority of crimes in China last year?正确答案： BPassage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.Script: Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in multi-cultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene: rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offences. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in Eastern European countries, such as Hungary, and in Western European nations, such as the Untied Kingdom. What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime. Increasing variety of population, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changingnational borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong. These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and simple such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Variety in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.15.A) Crime rates are going down.B) Crime rates are increasing.C) Criminals are getting more cruel.D) Criminals are being caught faster.Script: What is probably the trend of crime worldwide according to the speaker?正确答案： B16.A) Eastern Asia.B) Western Africa.C) Eastern Europe.D) Western America.Script: In which part of the world are street crimes increasing particularly?正确答案： C17.A) They are now facing isolation.B) They are now changing national borders.C) They are now facing cultural variety.D) They are now facing American cultures.Script: What can be inferred about Denmark and Greece?正确答案： CPassage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.Script: A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesn’t mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as abuse of funds, the alteration of records, theft, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the last twelve years. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from $3 billion to $5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is $600,000. A number ofreasons are given for the increase in computer crimes: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and otherdata-transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases.18.A) Computer use and software application.B) A crime involving computers and software for illegal purposes.C) A crime related to Internet use.D) A crime involving computer users and Internet users.Script: What is a computer crime generally defined as?正确答案： B19.A) All the computer crimes are new types of crime.B) Many of the computer crimes can be committed without a computer.C) With a computer, a criminal can make more money.D) With a computer, a crime is more difficult to be discovered.Script: Which of the following statements is correct according to the speaker?正确答案： B20.A) It is estimated to be 3 billion dollars.B) It is estimated to be 4 billion dollars.C) It is estimated to be around 3 to 5 billion dollars per year.D) It is estimated to be from 3 to 6 billion dollars per year.Script: How much do computer crimes cost the American public？正确答案： CSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There are many ways people can take control and help prevent crime in their homes, in their neighborhoods, and in their local schools. It’s a matter of a little communication, a little(21)_________________ , and a little time.In Your Community1. Work with public agencies and other organizations — (22)_________________ orcommunity-wide — on solving common problems. Don’tbe shy about letting them know what your community needs.2. Make sure that all the youth in the neighborhood have (23)_________________ ways to spend their spare time, through organized(24)_________________ , tutoring programs, part-time work, and (25)_________________ opportunities.3. Set up a Neighborhood Watch or a community patrol, working with police. Make sure your streets and homes are well (26)_________________ .4. Build a partnership with police, focusing on solving problems instead of (27)_________________ to crises. Make it possible for neighbors to report suspicious activities or crimes without fear of retaliation.5. Clean up the neighborhood! Involve everyone — teens, children, senior citizens. Litter,(28)_________________ cars, and run-down buildings tell criminals that you don’t care about where you live or each other. Call the city public works department and ask for help in cleaning-up.6. Ask local officials to use new ways to get criminals out of your building or neighborhood. These include enforcing (29)_________________ laws, housing codes, health and fire codes, anti-nuisance laws, and drug-free clauses in rental leases.7. Work with schools to establish drug-free, gun-free zones; work with recreation officials to do the same for parks.8. Develop and share a phone list of local organizations that can provide counseling, job training, (30)_________________ , and other services that neighbors might need.9. If you see a crime or something you suspect might be a crime, report it. Agree to testify if needed.10. Learn about hotlines, crisis centers, and other help available to victims of crime. Find out how you can help those who are touched by violence to recover as quickly and completely as possible.Script: There are many ways people can take control and help prevent crime in their homes, in their neighborhoods, and in their local schools. It’s a matter of a little communication, a little commitment, and a little time.In Your Community1. Work with public agencies and other organizations — neighborhood-based orcommunity-wide — on solving common problems. Don’t be shy about letting them know what your community needs.2. Make sure that all the youth in the neighborhood have positive ways to spend their spare time, through organized recreation, tutoring programs, part-time work, and volunteer opportunities.3. Set up a Neighborhood Watch or a community patrol, working with police. Make sure your streets and homes are well lighted.4. Build a partnership with police, focusing on solving problems instead of reacting to crises. Make it possible for neighbors to report suspicious activities or crimes without fear of retaliation.5. Clean up the neighborhood! Involve everyone — teens, children, senior citizens. Litter, abandoned cars, and run-down buildings tell criminals that youdon’t care about where you live or each other. Call the city public works department and ask for help in cleaning-up.6. Ask local officials to use new ways to get criminals out of your building or neighborhood. These include enforcing anti-noise laws, housing codes, health and fire codes, anti-nuisance laws, anddrug-free clauses in rental leases.7. Work with schools to establish drug-free, gun-free zones; work with recreation officials to do the same for parks.8. Develop and share a phone list of local organizations that can provide counseling, job training, guidance, and other services that neighbors might need.9. If you see a crime or something you suspect might be a crime, report it. Agree to testify if needed.10. Learn about hotlines, crisis centers, and other help available to victims of crime. Find out how you can help those who are touched by violence to recover as quickly and completely as possible.正确答案： commitment正确答案： neighborhood-based 正确答案： positive正确答案： recreation正确答案： volunteer正确答案： lighted正确答案： reacting正确答案： abandoned正确答案： anti-noise正确答案： guidancePart II Oral Tasks ( 2 minutes )Section AInterpret the following Chinese passage into English. You can either interpret it sentence by sentence or give out the main points in your own words. You will have two minutes for preparation and three minutes for interpretation.31. 在伦敦，抢劫案的增多主要与青年参与的抢劫案有关，尤其以学校附近和公交换乘有关，也与手机的使用和拥有数量相关，手机是最常被偷的物品之一。
Teaching Resources for Middle School English Teach
Classic literature: Classic literature such as novels, plays, and points can provide students with a rich source of language and cultural knowledge Teachers can introduce students to classical works in simplified versions or adapt them to make them more accessible to their students
01 02
Resource collection
Gather a variety of multimedia resources such as videos, audio files, images, and text documents to create a comprehensive library
02 Multimedia teaching resources
Course ware production and presentation
PowerPoint presentations
Create engaging and visually applying slideshows to illustrate key concepts, vocabularies, and grammar points
Utilize audio files for listening comprehension exercises, promotion practice, and to introduce authentic language use
电脑的历史 英语作文
电脑的历史英语作文Title: A Journey Through the History of Computers。
Introduction:The history of computers is a fascinating journey that spans centuries, marked by remarkable innovations and advancements. From the abacus to modern supercomputers, the evolution of computing has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate.1. The Early Beginnings:The origins of computing can be traced back to ancient civilizations. The earliest known device used for calculation is the abacus, which dates back to around 3000 BC in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. This simple yet ingenious tool laid the foundation for future developments in mathematics and computation.2. Mechanical Calculators:In the 17th century, mathematicians and inventors began to explore mechanical means of computation. Blaise Pascal's Pascaline, invented in 1642, was one of the first mechanical calculators capable of performing addition and subtraction. Later, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed the stepped reckoner, which could also perform multiplication and division.3. The Analytical Engine:The 19th century saw the conceptualization of the first programmable mechanical computer by Charles Babbage. Known as the Analytical Engine, Babbage's design incorporated many features of modern computers, including an arithmetic logic unit, control flow, and memory. Although never completed during his lifetime, Babbage's work laid the groundwork for future generations of computers.4. The Advent of Electronics:The 20th century witnessed the advent of electronic computing. In 1936, Alan Turing introduced the concept of a universal machine capable of performing any computation.His theoretical model, known as the Turing machine,provided the theoretical basis for modern digital computers.5. ENIAC and the Birth of Digital Computers:During World War II, the need for fast and accurate calculations led to the development of the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) in 1946. ENIAC,the world's first general-purpose electronic digital computer, revolutionized computation with its speed and versatility. Despite its massive size and limitedcapabilities compared to modern computers, ENIAC marked the beginning of the digital computing era.6. Transistors and Integrated Circuits:The invention of the transistor in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley paved the way for smaller, faster, and more reliable computers. Transistorsreplaced bulky vacuum tubes, leading to the development of smaller and more efficient electronic devices. The integration of multiple transistors onto a single semiconductor chip, known as an integrated circuit, further revolutionized computing by enabling the production of smaller and more powerful computers.7. The Personal Computer Revolution:The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the rise of the personal computer (PC) industry. Companies like Apple, IBM, and Microsoft played pivotal roles in popularizing computing among the general public. The introduction of graphicaluser interfaces (GUIs) and the mouse made computers more accessible and user-friendly, leading to widespreadadoption in homes and offices worldwide.8. The Internet Age:The invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Leein 1989 transformed the way we access and share information. The internet revolutionized communication, commerce, andentertainment, connecting people across the globe like never before. The proliferation of the internet paved the way for new industries and opportunities, shaping the digital landscape of the 21st century.9. Mobile Computing and Cloud Technology:In recent years, mobile computing has become increasingly prevalent with the widespread adoption of smartphones and tablets. These portable devices have empowered users to access information and services on the go, blurring the lines between work and leisure. Additionally, cloud technology has emerged as a dominant force, enabling seamless storage, collaboration, and access to data from any device with an internet connection.10. Future Trends:Looking ahead, the future of computing promises even greater innovation and advancement. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and blockchain have the potential to reshape industries andsocieties in profound ways. As we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, one thing remains certain: the journey of computing is far from over.Conclusion:In conclusion, the history of computers is a testament to human ingenuity and creativity. From humble beginnings to the digital age, each milestone represents a triumph of innovation over adversity. As we reflect on the past and look towards the future, one thing is clear: the evolution of computing will continue to shape the world in ways we can only imagine.。
新一代大学英语综合(二)B2U7 Exercises
2 He works as a(n) ____co_n_s_u_l_ta_n_t_ for Chinese and foreign institutions and gives advice on environmental protection.
3 China’s space industry _h_a_s_w__it_n_e_s_se_d_ rapid progress since 2011.
3 No one can foretell the result of an innovation, but the _s_u_c_c_e_s_sf_u_l_i_n_n_o_v_a_ti_o_n_ aims from the beginning to become the standard setter, and to determine the direction of a new technology or a new industry.
Explore 1 Bank cloze
Task 4 Complete the passage with suitable words from the word bank. You may not use any of the
words more than once.
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有关电脑的英语作文
有关电脑的英语作文Title: The Evolution of Computers: A Journey Through Time。
Computers have become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we work, communicate, and entertain ourselves. From the humble beginnings of mechanical calculators to the sophisticated devices we carry in our pockets today, the journey of computers has been nothing short of remarkable.The earliest known computing devices date back to ancient civilizations such as the abacus, which was usedfor basic arithmetic calculations. However, it wasn't until the 19th century that the concept of a programmable computer began to take shape. Charles Babbage, often regarded as the "father of the computer," designed the Analytical Engine, a mechanical device capable of executing various calculations through the use of punched cards.The real breakthrough in computer technology came in the 20th century with the invention of the electronic computer. The first electronic digital computer, known as the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was developed during World War II to calculate artillery firing tables. ENIAC was a massive machine, weighing over 27 tons and occupying a space of about 1,800 square feet. Despite its size, it marked the beginning of a new era in computing.Following the ENIAC, computers began to shrink in size and increase in processing power. The invention of the transistor in the 1950s paved the way for smaller, more efficient computers. Transistors replaced bulky vacuum tubes, allowing for the development of faster and more reliable electronic devices. This led to the birth of mainframe computers, which were used by large organizations for data processing and scientific calculations.The 1970s witnessed the emergence of the personal computer (PC), thanks to pioneers like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. The introduction of the Altair 8800 and the Apple Imarked the beginning of the PC revolution. These early computers were rudimentary by today's standards, with limited processing power and memory. However, they laid the groundwork for the desktop computers that would soon become household staples.The 1980s and 1990s saw rapid advancements in computer technology, with the introduction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and the development of the internet. The release of the Macintosh by Apple and Windows by Microsoft brought computing to the masses, making it more accessible and user-friendly. The internet, meanwhile, transformed the way we access information and communicate with others, ushering in the age of digital connectivity.The 21st century has been characterized by the proliferation of mobile computing devices such as smartphones and tablets. These portable gadgets have revolutionized the way we interact with technology, allowing us to stay connected and productive on the go. With the advent of cloud computing, we can now access vast amounts of data and powerful software applications fromanywhere in the world, further blurring the lines between the physical and digital realms.Looking ahead, the future of computing holds even more exciting possibilities. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and augmented reality (AR) promise to push the boundaries of what is possible with computers. AI algorithms are already being used to power virtual assistants, self-driving cars, and personalized recommendation systems. Quantum computers, meanwhile, have the potential to solve complex problemsthat are currently beyond the reach of classical computers. And AR technology is poised to transform how we interact with the world around us, merging the physical and digital environments in new and immersive ways.In conclusion, the evolution of computers has been a journey marked by innovation, ingenuity, and constant advancement. From the earliest mechanical devices to the cutting-edge technologies of today, computers have transformed every aspect of our lives and reshaped the world in which we live. As we look to the future, thepossibilities are limitless, and the only constant is change.。