电子商务之供应商管理(英文)

Achieving Competitive Advantage Through Supply Chain Management
Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems
May 25, 2000
Agenda
1. The Evolution of the Supply Chain
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Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems (APS) Are the Next Step of the Evolution for Providing Decision Support Capabilities.
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While we tend to draw all supply chains the same, there are many types of supply chains - each with their own unique challenges.


Phase 1 - Process Integration (e.g., reengineering the order-to-cash process).
Phase 2 - Intra-Enterprise Integration (e.g., sales strategies coordinated with supply chain capabilities). Phase 3 - Inter-Enterprise Integration (e.g., collaborative forecasting & replenishment between retailers and suppliers)
APS Characteristics


Allows complex supply chain representation and rapid SC model reconfiguration
Enables concurrent, dynamic planning, and “what-if” simulations using memory resident processing Possess scaleable object architectures capable of running large data-intensive models
E.g., High-Tech
Distribution Intensive Supply Chain
• Large number of SKUs • Complex distribution/ transportation requirements • Excessive inventory • Customer service
Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing
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… And, given that supply chains cross multiple companies, walls have been built that prevent full and timely information flow.
is relatively simple.
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However, in the real world, multiple suppliers, multiple plants, multiple distribution points and multiple customers significantly complicate material and information flows...
Supplying Producing Distributing Delivering Retailing
Materials Information & Funds
Materials Information & Funds
Materials Information & Funds
… the concept of supply chain management
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The Importance of Supply Chain Management Has Increased Significantly Over the Past Few Years.
• Stage 3: Enterprise-wide applications (early to mid 1990s and still ongoing)
Enterprise Resource Planning (ems are transaction-based applications with limited decision-support capability.
2. Advanced Planning and Scheduling Systems
2.1
2.2
How They Work
The Vendors
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The Supply Chain encompasses a number of key business processes involved in managing the flow of materials, information, and funds from the initial suppliers to the ultimate consumer.
G/L Payroll A/P Purchase Order Mgmt. Order Entry Inventory Mgmt.
• Stage 2: Suites of integrated applications for functional processes (1980s)
Financials Manufacturing Distribution
Demand Planning
Production Planning & Scheduling
ERP or Legacy Systems
Distribution/ Supply Planning
Transportation Planning/ Management
APS Definition
ERP or legacy interfaced decision support technology which uses advanced algorithms, (e.g., LPs, IPs, mixed – IPs, heuristics, theory-of-constraints, etc.) to model supply chain constraints and enable intelligent supply chain planning/decision making.
Asset Intensive Supply Chain • Setup/sequence dependencies • Capable to promise • Capacity utilization • Bottleneck utilization
E.g., Pulp & Paper
Material Intensive Supply Chain • Capable-to-promise requirements • Excess inventory • Obsolescence • Changes to orders • Engineering change
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Supply Chain Technology has evolved over the past several decades.
• Stage 1: Separate best of breed applications dedicated to specific business processes (1970s)
E.g., Consumer Products
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How Do You Know If You Have Supply Chain Management Problems?
Customer Service Concerns - Customer complaints, loss of share, delivery problems, customer surprises Materials Management Difficulties - High inventory buffers/obsolescence, high transportation costs, supplier shortages, lost purchasing discounts Manufacturing Process Problems - Production inefficiencies, overcapacity, undercapacity, cost growth Planning Difficulties - Inaccurate forecasts, high stockouts, growing overhead costs Obsolete Technology - Incompatible systems linkages, inaccurate/inaccessible information Revenue Cycle Concerns - Lengthy time to market, long order cycle, distribution delays, conflicting channel demands Vendor Management Problems - Poor response levels, lost growth, lack of commitment