南京明孝陵英文导游词.doc
明孝陵英文导游词
明孝陵英文导游词XiaolingTomboftheMingDynasty明孝陵景点概况各位游客，我们现在来到的便是明孝陵明孝陵坐落在紫金山第三峰天堡山之阳独龙阜下，是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋和皇后马氏的陵墓，始建于明朝洪武十四年，完工于永乐十一年孝陵之名，一说是因为朱元璋主张“以孝治天下”，另一说是因为皇后马氏死后谥号“孝慈”，故称孝陵到清代才称“明孝陵”朱元璋1328年出生于安徽凤阳一个贫苦农民的家庭，17岁投身皇觉寺，1352年参加了元末郭子兴的红巾军，1356年领兵攻克南京，1368年登基称帝，定都南京明孝陵依托紫金山，陵园依山就势神道蜿蜒曲折，陵寝恪守中国建筑之传统，中轴对称，首创了宝城宝顶,前朝后寝的陵墓形制开创了明清600多年帝王陵墓之先河为全国重点文物保护单位，2003年列入世界文化遗产名录大金门、碑亭各位游客，现在我们所看到的就是明孝陵的第一道大门------大金门大金门又称大红门，是正式进入陵区的第一道大门，门有三拱，中门较大，两侧稍矮稍低原是重檐歇山顶，通体红色上覆黄色琉璃瓦，可惜毁于战火经过大金门，我们所见的便是碑亭碑亭建于明永乐十一年，重檐歇山顶，亭顶毁于清代咸丰年间太平天国与清军的战争中，仅存四壁，因其四四方方，犹如一个古城堡，所以俗明孝陵是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋和皇后马氏的合葬墓，位于紫金山南麓独龙阜玩珠峰下，是我国现存古代最大的帝陵之一，也是南京地区规模最大，保存最完好的一座帝王陵墓，距今已有600多年的历史1381年孝陵正式动工修建，第二年，马皇后病逝，先于朱元璋葬入地宫，因朱元璋以孝治天下，又因马皇后谥号“孝慈”，故将陵墓命名为“孝陵”，1398年朱元璋驾崩，同年葬入孝陵朱元璋原名朱重八，1328年出生于安徽濠州一个贫苦的农民家庭，小时候父母双亡，他做过乞丐，也当过和尚1352年参加了元末农民起义军郭子兴部红巾军，1368年平定了天下，在南京称帝，国号明，年号洪武，1398年朱元璋逝世，享年71岁现在，明孝陵是国家5A级风景名胜区，并于2003年7月作为“明清皇家陵寝”的拓展项目被列入《世界文化遗产名录》相比于明朝之前的一些帝王陵墓，明孝陵有它的神秘之处，一般陵寝的神道都是直的，而唯独它却是弯曲的，绕过了梅花山，体现了因地制宜，但这其中的典故我会在稍后为大家揭晓明孝陵另一个独特的地方在于它开创了明清陵寝的格局——前朝后寝这种建筑布局反映了封建礼制，突出的是政治和皇权现在在我们面前的呢是大金门，又称大红门，它是明孝陵的正门，也是正门进入陵区的第一道大门门有三券，中门较大，两侧稍矮稍低大金门原为单檐歇山顶，覆盖黄色琉璃瓦，用绿色琉璃椽子，朱红双扉，庄严华丽，可惜已毁于战火在大金门北约70米处便是碑楼，他原来为黄色琉璃瓦重檐歇山顶，明孝陵导游词(2011-10-1918:26:06)转载▼标签：分类：国导证考试资料2011现场考试总统府教育明孝陵各位游客，我们即将参观的景点就是位于紫金山独龙阜玩珠峰的明孝陵明孝陵始明代开国皇帝明太祖朱元璋及其皇后马氏的合葬墓朱元璋1328年出生于安徽凤阳一个贫苦农民的家庭，17岁投身皇觉寺，1352年参加了元末郭子兴的红巾军，1356年领兵攻克南京，1368年登基称帝明孝陵修建于1381年，1382年葬入皇后马氏，1398年朱元璋病逝后入葬于此，工程直到1413年才完工取名孝陵，一说是因为朱元璋主张“以孝治天下”，另一说是因为马皇后死后谥号“孝慈”故此陵明代称“孝陵”，到清代始称“明孝陵”，以示朝代的区别明孝陵各位游客，我们即将参观的景点就是位于紫金山独龙阜玩珠峰的明孝陵明孝陵始明代开国皇帝明太祖朱元璋及其皇后马氏的合葬墓朱元璋1328年出生于安徽凤阳一个贫苦农民的家庭，17岁投身皇觉寺，1352年参加了元末郭子兴的红巾军，1356年领兵攻克南京，1368年登基称帝明孝陵修建于1381年，1382年葬入皇后马氏，1398年朱元璋病逝后入葬于此，工程直到1413年才完工取名孝陵，一说是因为朱元璋主张“以孝治天下”，另一说是因为马皇后死后谥号“孝慈”故此陵明代称“孝陵”，到清代始称“明孝陵”，以示朝代的区别明孝陵依托紫金山，陵园依山就势神道蜿蜒曲折，陵寝恪守中国建筑之传统，中轴对称，首创了宝城宝顶,前朝后寝的陵墓形制开创了明清600多年帝王陵墓之先河为全国重点文物保护单位，2003年列入世界文化遗产名录现在我们看到的就是明孝陵的第一道大门-------大金门，当年明孝陵陵区从大金门的两侧延伸出一道45华里的外墙，把整个紫金山都包括在内原大金门重檐歇山顶，顶覆有黄色琉璃瓦，现在屋顶和大门都荡然无存了只剩城座以及三拱门过大金门，我们就来到了四方城，这里原来是一座碑亭，由于顶部毁于清代咸丰年间的战火，只留下了四面墙壁和四个门券，每边长米，犹如一个四四方方的古城堡，所以南京人俗称它为“四方城”，城内有一座“大明孝陵神功圣德碑”碑高米，下面的碑趺高米，称赑屃，传说为龙生九子之一，好负重，这块碑是南京地区最大的一块明碑碑文是由明成祖朱棣所撰，全文有2746个字，共分为七部分，一、叙述其身世，出生句容大族；二、为民请命，发迹定远；三、平定天下，登基称帝、册中宫、立皇太子，分封同姓；四、废中书、设六部，亲掌兵权；五、重人才、建国学；六、生活简朴，嘱死后与马氏合葬孝陵；七、皇族子女57人名号及144句四言颂词一篇，碑文是对朱元璋一生的高度评价“大明孝陵神功圣德碑”的落成是在1413年，这也是明孝陵工程结束的标志朱棣在大书特书朱元璋功绩的背后其实是在大树特树自己的威信，以此表明继承皇位的正统他原本在南京东郊的阳山派上万民工凿了一块巨大的碑材，其碑帽、碑身、碑座如果相加高达72米，因为过于巨大无法搬运因而弃之未用走过御河桥，我们就来到了明孝陵的神道，神道共分为二段，第一段是石象路，路的两侧从东往西依次排列有六种石兽，每组四只，两立两蹲狮子是百兽之王，象征帝王的威严；獬豸是传说中的法兽，象征君王的正直不阿；骆驼乃沙漠之舟，展示大明疆域辽阔，国家西域安宁；大象则是象征国泰民安，民心顺服；麒麟是中国神话传说的一种瑞兽，象征帝王的仁德；最后看到的这种动物是马，象征对帝王的忠诚在神道两侧安置这些石兽的主要目的一是表记朱元璋的功绩，二是展示大明的国力昌盛，三是祈望镇妖辟邪走过石像路，前方是神道的第二段，翁仲路在路口有一对望柱，望柱又称华表，立于陵墓前的神道，又称陵表在这里有指示道路的作用，从这里开始，神道开始拐向正北方向翁仲路上有两对武将，身穿盔甲，手执金吾，身材魁梧；两对文臣，身穿朝服，手捧笏板，神情肃穆他们分别是一对青年的，一对壮年的，预示着大明江山后继有人神道的尽头，立有一座六柱三门的棂星门，原门毁于清咸丰年间的战火，现在看到的这座棂星门是根据史料在2007年修复的这是谒陵时通行的礼仪之门在石象路东侧，有一座小山，叫梅花山，神道围绕梅花山转了一个弯原来这座山是东吴时孙权的陵墓，在修明孝陵时曾有人建议将此墓移走，但朱元璋说：“孙权也是一条好汉，就留下给我看大门吧”，于是神道因此而弯曲，正好成为了明孝陵的天然屏障现在这里已经成为南京著名的赏梅基地了现在我们看到的是金水桥，金水桥的后方就是明孝陵的陵寝建筑，金水桥原本有五座，正对着陵宫的五座大门，后毁于清咸丰年间的战火，清代只重新修复了三座，我们可以看到桥面与桥基的石雕任然是明代遗物，桥栏为清代重修从这里开始，建筑依照中国传统，坐北朝南，中轴对称顺坡而上，我们首先看到的是文武方门，这是陵宫的大门它黄瓦，朱门，红墙，相互映衬，尽显皇家的气派这座门是1988年根据史料重修的大门，在门前在墙外的东侧，有一座特别告示碑，立于宣统元年，上面用日德意法英俄六国文字书写，内容是告诫游人要保护孝陵进了文武方门，我们就来到了碑殿，碑殿原为孝陵享殿前的大门，因大门在太平天国的战火中，清同治年间将毁坏的大门改建为碑殿，殿内共有五块碑刻，正中一块上刻“治隆唐宋”，为康熙皇帝手书，意思是赞誉朱元璋治理国家的功绩超过了唐太宗李世民、宋太祖赵匡胤作为满清皇帝的康熙如此昭示天下，一方面表示了他对朱元璋的尊重和钦佩之意，另一方面也是有其良苦用心的康熙执政之初，汉人不服满人统治康熙深知，光靠满人高压政策是不行的，还须依靠汉人他一生六次南巡，五次亲谒明孝陵，行三跪九叩的大礼，并在1699年第三次南巡谒陵时题“治隆唐宋”，借此笼络人心作为旁边两块是乾隆皇帝谒陵时所题的诗碑后面还有两块卧碑分别记叙康熙皇帝第一次和第三次南巡时谒太祖陵的纪事，上面有两江总督陶岱以及江南织造郎中曹寅所书的记录这座建筑是孝陵原主要建筑享殿，即孝陵殿旧址，可以看到原有汉白玉的三层须弥座台基，台基高三米，三层台基的四角上还遗留石雕的螭首，台基前后各处踏跺三道塌跺中置丹陛上陛为“二龙戏珠”，中陛为“日照山河”，下陛为“天马行空”三层须弥座上为享殿，里面是供奉朱元璋及马皇后的神位原来的殿宇毁于清咸丰年间的战火，我们现在看到台基地面上保留下来的56个巨大的石柱础，每个的直径都有米，看到这里就不难想象当时的享殿是多么的壮观当年的孝陵殿面阔九间，进深五间，重檐庑殿顶，上覆黄色琉璃瓦，斗拱挑檐，高大森严，当时孝陵的规模远比北京十三陵明成祖的长陵享殿要大现在我们看到的是清代同治年间修复的三开间的小殿，规模已大不如前经过内红门，走过升仙桥，眼前的建筑就是方城，方城是宝顶前面的一座巨大建筑，外部用大条石与巨大的砖石砌成，方城东西两侧各有八字墙一堵，墙面四角饰有砖雕花纹，这些砖雕是明代初年的代表作品穿过方城正中54级甬道，迎面就是宝城的南墙，正面可见用十三层条石垒筑，上书“此山明太祖之墓”七个大字，据说这七个字刻于民国初年，是用以回答游人询问的从宝城与方城之间的东西夹道折向南拾级而上，可以登上明楼，它原先是一座重檐歇山顶，上覆黄色琉璃瓦的精美建筑，后毁于清代太平天国的战火，仅存四壁，2009年明楼加顶保护工程完成，已修复上午明楼于2009年7月正式对游客开放，里面展出了明代分布在全国的十九处帝王陵墓的图片资料方城后面就是宝顶，它是一个直径325---400米的圆形大土丘，宝顶上树木参天，它的下面就是朱元璋马皇后埋葬的玄宫宝城就是围绕宝顶周长约1100米的砖城宝城宝顶的皇陵形制开创了明清500多年帝陵的先河只是明代的宝顶大致为圆形，清代帝陵的宝顶改为椭圆形了今天在明孝陵的东侧还保存有明太子朱标的东陵遗址，在当年明孝陵陵区钟山之阴还建有数座明代功臣墓阿中国古代的帝王陵墓形制最初为秦汉时的方上，代表陵墓为陕西的秦始皇陵，唐代改为依山为陵，代表陵墓有陕西唐高宗李治与女皇武则天的唐乾陵，宋代帝王陵为规模比较小的方上，明代朱元璋首创了宝城宝顶、前朝后寝的陵墓形式明朝自1368年建都，至1644年灭亡，前后有16位皇帝，除南京明孝陵外，其余皇陵均在北京，只有建文帝朱允炆没有陵墓诸多的明代陵墓遗存给我们留下了无数观赏之处中国古代陵墓作为中国文化的遗存，为后人研究与了解中国古代经济与文化留下了重要的实物资料各位游客朋友，我们今天的参观就要这里结束，感谢大家对我的导游工作的配合，欢迎您再次游览明孝陵！。
南京明孝陵导游词英文
南京明孝陵导游词英文篇二:南京明孝陵导游词英文Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 2003, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his familymembers died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals。
新明孝陵导游词
Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty1：景点概况（1分30秒）（明孝陵的主人、位置、建陵时间及名称由来宝城宝顶的特点朱元璋生平）Xiaoling tomb of the ming dynasty is one of the biggest imperial mausoleums in china.It lies in the eastern suburbs of nanjing city at the southern foot of zhongshan mountain .Emperor Taizu ,Zhuyuanzhang,the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and Queen Ma were buried there.The construction of the mausoleum began in 1381 and was completed in 1413.In 1384,Queen Ma died and was buried there.Empeor Taizu had bestowed her up upon the title “Queen of Xiao Ci “,which means “Queen of filial piety and kindness.’’Hence,the name Ming Xiaoling derives from her title.AS you know , the Citadel of Treasures(宝城)and the Treasured Crown (宝顶) is the characteristic of the Xiaoling tomb The Citadel of Treasures(宝城) is the site of graveyard(坟茔)and the Treasured Crown is the tomb itself the Treasured Crown (宝顶), which is half circled by a stone wallThen what is zhuyuanzhang’lifetime about？Born into a poor peasant family in Fengyang County, Anhui Province in 1328, Zhu Y uanzhang lost his parents in his childhood and became a monk at Huangjue Temple. In 1352, he joined the Red Turban Army led by Guo Zixin. He married Guo Zixin’s adopted daughter and became the commanding general later. Zhu Y uanzhang took over Nanjing in 1356 and made it the capital in 1368 when he conquered the rest parts of China and established the Ming Dynasty and Hongwu as the title of his regin.2：大金门、碑亭（2分钟）（大金门的建筑特点及规模碑亭原来的建筑形式和现有的形式碑亭的俗称功德碑简介碑文Go 700 meters northwest from the gateway, we can see a three-arched gate. It is known as the Great Golden Gate(大金门)which is the front gate(正门)of the mausoleum, connecting with the red enclosure walls. The gate used to have a single-eaved and gable-roofed gate-tower. The tower is gone and the vermilion doors ( red lacquered doors朱漆大门) are missing. But the stone Sumeru seat(石须弥座) under the gate and carved foundation stones remain unchanged.Then, go 70 meters up further across the mausoleum road, we’ll reach a castle-like tablet pavilion. As its double-eaved and gable-roofed housetop of glazed tile(瑠璃瓦歇山重檐亭顶)is gone and, only the four walls and four arched doors still remain, a popular name is given to the pavilion as the Square Town” by the local people. In the middle of the pavilion t here stands a huge stone tablet 8.78 meters in height with an inscription of 2746 characters carved on it. This is “The Stele of S acred Merits and Virtues of Great Ming’s Filial Tomb”(大明孝陵神功圣德碑). The inscription on the stele written by Zhu Di, the third emperor of the Ming, tells us the story about the old emperor in 4 aspects: 1. The life experience (身世) and historical background of the late emperor; 2. Emperor Zhu Y uanzhang pleaded on behalf of the people(为民请命)to rebel against the Yuan Dynasty; 3. Praise the merits and virtues done by his father, such as making his mother the empress dowager(立皇太后)and posthumously granting title of king to people of the same surname (追封同姓), etc.；4.The old emperor administrated the country well with able leadership(治国有方). He abolished the Secretariat (废中书省) and established Six Ministries(建六部)in charge of general affairs(分管庶务). He valued knowledge(尊重知识) and attached importance to talented people(重视人才). In addition, carved on the stele are 57 descendents’ names of the imperial family and a classical poem with 4 characters to a line attached in praise of them(又附颂词一篇).The purpose of Emperor Yongle to write the inscription for the stele was to praise his father emperor in name, but to praise himself in reality, so as to presume himself as the authorized successor to the old emperor.3：神道、梅花山（2分30秒）（石象路的六种神兽名称、数量及排列顺序望柱点到即可石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称、数量及排列顺序棂星门复建的时间孙权墓和赏梅胜地）Go out of the “ Square Town”, we’ll come to the Sacred Way across an imperial moat bridge (御河桥). The sacred way is lined with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds.incluing lions ,xiezhi,camels,elephants,unicorns and horses Each kind of the animals has 2 pairs, one standing and the other kneeling. The standing pair is working and kneeling one resting and, they are on duty alternately. The real purposes of building these animals are: to show off the emperor’s dignity before the eyes of worshippers; to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. Each animal is postured differently and each conveys an auspicious meaning .For example ,the lion ,king of the animals,shows the stateliness of the emperor ;xiezhi, also named renfashou, is a legendary animal standing for justice ;the camle ,symbol of the desert and tropical areas ,indicates the vast territor of the dynasty and the unicorn ,auspicious creature of yhe chinese fantasy ,integrates the feature of the tiger,lion,ox and dragon.As legend goes,it appeared only in the region of the benevolent and wise emperor.Generally speaking, they are symbols of courage, wisdom, peace,Beyond the ston animals is a pair of decorive columns called “Reverence Pillars”(望柱)”.Four pairs of stone-carved statues of ministers and generals marke this location. Legend has it that there was a man named Ran Wengzhong of the Qin Dynasty, who was a giant about 10 meters tall. Emperor Qin Shihuang sent him on an expeditionagainst Xiongnu, an ancient nationality in north China. After he died, a bronze statue was cast for him in Xianyang Palace. Since the time all the bronze statues and stone statues put before a tomb have been called Weng Zhong. At the end of the sacred avenue, there used to be a gate named Lingxing Gate with three arches. and it was rebuilted in 2007 January 30 ..From here the Sacred Way turns into a north-south direction and becomes known as Wengzhong Road nd circles a small hill planted with thousands of plum trees. It is the Plum Hill, which is the tomb of Sun Quan, the king of the Eastern Wu kingdom. It is said that some royal ministers of the Ming suggested moving the tomb aw ay when the emperor’s mausoleum was under construction. But the emperor did not agree and praised Sun Quan to be a good fellow and let him stay to be the concierge of his tomb. The plum hill is now a wonderful site for local people to admire plum blossom in spring when the trees are blooming.4：金水桥、陵门、碑殿（2分30秒）（过金水桥点到即可陵门建筑特点“特别告示”碑及六国文字碑殿内五块石碑的名称及内容）Passing jinshui Bridge , we’ll come to the Tomb Gate(陵门). The arch gate has 5 doorways, with yellow glazed tiles, red walls and doors. But this gate was rebuilt in 1999. The lintel of the gate is engraved with three Chinese characters meaning “Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty or The Ming’s Filial Tomb”. The name “Xiaoling” was given by the emperor himself, but the word “Ming” was added to later in the Qing times.At the foot of the gate,there is a “special notice “stone tablet carved in six languages(Japanese,German,ltalian,English,Frenchand Russian),notifying visitors of the importance of the mausoleum.Inside the gate is the Imperial Tablet Hall.There are five tablets displayed in it .In the middle tablet ,it is carved on four chinese characters”Zhi Long Tang Song “,meaning the state of Ming taizu even better than emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty ,two successful emperors in the chinese history written by Kangxi during his third inspection tour to southern China .Cao Yin ,grandfather of Cao xueqin a,grate writer inscribed it on the tablet .Besides the middle big tablet ,there are also two tablets inscribed with a poem composed by the emperor. Qian Long. At each back of the two steles there are two sleeping tomb stones carved with the titles wrritened by Vicery of laingjiang in Qing dynasty .5：享殿遗址（1分30秒）（享殿过去和现在的用途原来的规模及现在可见的景观）Go out of the pavilion, we’ll come t o the site of xiang hall. The original hall was very large in a width of 9 rooms(九开间). It was used to enshrine Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress.while now it is a pace to vist and a shop dealing in souvenis.Figures og Emperor taizu and Queen Ma are hanging inside on the wall.The hall was destroyed yet its 56 stone column bases are still there. There are also three stone-carved patterns laid between the two-way parallel flights of stairs outside the hall ,depicting various scenes like “the two dragons playing with a pearl,””the blazing sun over the country “and “a heavenly steed soaring across the skies.” On both sides of the Filial Hall there used to have a number of side halls for enshrining imperial concubines buried with the dead emperor(陪葬妃子). The present Filial Hall with only three rooms is much smaller than the original. It was rebuilt and twicely restored for the tomb guards during the Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. But now it only has some portraits of the emperor and the crown prince(太子) done by later generations hanging on the walls.6方城，明楼，宝城、宝顶（2分钟）（方城明楼的布局建筑特色宝城、宝顶的规模、形状和建造特点）Then through the Inner Red Gate,you will come to the Fang Cheng .The base of Fang Cheng has an arched passageway in the middle. Along the 54 steps, you will see t he south wall of the tomb carved with seven Chinese characters meaing “this hill is the tomb of Emperor Taizu of Ming “,which was written in the early time of Republic of Chian.Here,it is divided into two paths,one is leading up to Ming Tower.Ming Tower faces south with three arched entrances facing east ,west ,and north respective.The roof of ming tower has collapsed over the years,but the walls remians.In 2009,the government rebuilt the roof in order to keep it better. The other path leads to Baocheng ,which refers to the wall around the tomb.The top of the mausoleum is situated at Dulongfu of Wanzhu Peak at the southern foot of Zhongshan Mountain .Baoding is covered by a large circled earthen mound ,325-400meters in diameter.The tomb of Emperor Taizu and Queen Ma is just beneath.Xiaoling tomb of the Ming Dynasty is renowed for its unique design,its eminent status,its amazing beauty and its magnificent scale.It is the milestone in the historical development of Chinese mausoleums.As an extension of the “imp erial tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties”,it is listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.。
南京明孝陵英语作文
南京明孝陵英语作文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Nanjing, China. This imperial tomb complex is the final resting place of the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, and his Empress Ma in the Ming Dynasty, which is surrounded by natural beauty and historical significance. 明孝陵是位于中国南京的联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这个帝王陵墓复杂是明朝第一位皇帝朱元璋和他的皇后的最后安息之地,其环绕自然之美和历史意义使它非常有名。
The mausoleum complex is known for its beautiful architecture, intricate carvings, and serene atmosphere, which attract thousands of visitors each year. Its grandeur and historical importance make it an important cultural and historical landmark, reflecting the grandeur and elegance of the Ming Dynasty. 这座陵墓复杂以其美丽的建筑、精美的雕刻和宁静的氛围而闻名,每年吸引了成千上万的游客,其庄严和历史重要性使它成为一个重要的文化历史标志,反映了明朝的宏伟和优雅。
From an architectural perspective, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum exemplifies the traditional Chinese architectural style, showcasingintricate and magnificent structures such as the Sacred Way, the Elephant Road, and the main tomb structure. These architectural marvels not only reflect the artistic achievements of the time but also serve as a testament to the grandeur and power of the Ming Dynasty. 从建筑的角度看，明孝陵展示了传统的中国建筑风格,包括神道、大象路和主墓建筑等复杂而宏伟的建筑结构,这些建筑奇迹不仅反映了当时的艺术成就,而且也见证了明朝的宏伟和力量。
南京明孝陵英文导游词
( 英文导游词)姓名：____________________单位：____________________日期：____________________编号：YB-BH-028119南京明孝陵英文导游词English tour guide to Nanjing Ming Xiaoling南京明孝陵英文导游词南京明孝陵导游词英文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the queen Zhu Yuanjin Ma burial tomb, which is located in the southern foot of the purple mountain long Fu play in Mount Everest, Nanjing is the largest and one of the best preserved imperial tombs.So far more than 600 years of history.The emperors in ancient China chose the site of the mausoleum very carefully, and paid special attention to choosing the land of "Ji Di", that is, the place of geomantic omen.Every time I go out the site, in addition to sending one or two court officials, but also absorb the knowledge of geography, will see the alchemist in Feng shui.After selecting the mausoleum, the emperor had to examine the scene himself and was satisfied with it and was finally finalized.Soon after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was concerned about the "paradise" after his death, and began to plan the construction of the mausoleum.It is said that he has called Liu Bowen, Xu Da, Tang He, and other ministers todiscuss site selection.Five people agreed to write their respective best burial sites on paper and then open them at the same time.The results are written, Great minds think alike., Dulong Fu Mount Everest ".So the site of the tomb of Zhu Yuanjin was thus fixed.Dulong Fu is a hill located beneath the Zijin Mountain peak, 150 meters high, about 400 meters in diameter, is like a huge natural grave.Chinese feudal emperor often put themselves as sons of the heaven, to build the tomb in Dulong Fu, is in line with the requirements of the feudal superstition.Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Yu Wu nine years (1376) began to build, build competent mausoleum engineering enterprises is "Dudu Fu Li xin.At that time, a large number of migrant workers were employed, and dozens of temples were left behind by their predecessors.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has been widely spread in China. The emperor of Wu even regards Buddhism as a national religion, so the temples in Nanjing are numerous.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples, nearly 500 in the Southern Dynasties, and 100 thousand monks.His poetry in the Tang Dynasty: "in the four hundred and eighty temple, how many loutai yanyu."It was the portrayal of the flourishing Buddhist temples in Nanjing.In addition to moving to the temple, even moved a lot of previous tombs.But when moving to the Three Kingdoms, the tomb of Sun Quan (now on Mount Mei Shan in Nanjing), Zhu Yuanjin said, "SunQuan is a true man, keeping him as a gatekeeper."."It was not removed.Hongwu fifteen years (1382), the first phase of the project completed, coincided with the empress Ma's death, Zhu Yuanjin held a grand funeral for her, and the coffin burial tomb, called her "Xiaoci Queen", which is also the name of the tomb.In 1383, the main project of the tomb built hall.In 1392, the crown prince ZhuBiao died and was buried in the tomb of the East, called dongling.Hongwu thirty-one years (1398) built "Ming Tomb magic holiness monument", the construction of the mausoleum engineering ended, the project took 23 years.Before the death of Zhu Yuanjin, had left a testament; "funeral to frugality, no Jin, change because of the tomb and the world, three subjects are released, as marriage."This is obviously Zhu Yuanzhang's trick of buying people's hearts.The whole Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum building, Xiaolingwei East, South to West Fang Weigang dismount, the walls of the city, north of Longgang only halfway up the mountain, a radius of more than 20 km, is a grand scale.In the long 23 years of construction, depletion of the flesh and blood of the people.At that time, there were ten thousand trees planted in the tomb area, thousands of deer kept and 5700 guards.Its wide range, large scale, before the Ming Dynasty is rare.But Zhu Yuanjin was buried, there are 40 concubines to bury, in which 2 people were buried in the tomb of the East and west sides, 38 people from the buried in the tomb.This China exposed the feudal ruling class was cruel, they notonly to enjoy the splendor rich, after death still "death", the burial, at the people life.南京明孝陵导游词英文Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 20xx, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor”for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out tobeg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals可以在这输入你的名字You Can Enter Your Name Here.。
南京明孝陵英语导游词
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明孝陵英文导游词Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty
Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty(Today we will visit Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty, which was adopted as the Worlds Cultural Heritage in 2003)Xiaoling Tomb is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty 600 years ago. The construction of the mausoleum started in 1381, and was completed in 1413 when “the Tablet of Great Merits of the Ming Tomb of the Great Ming Dynasty” was erected.Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a peasant family of Anhui Province in 1328. He lost his parents in his childhood and became a monk at Huangjue Temple. In 1352 he joined the Red Turban Army and became commanding general later. In 1368, he established his empire and made Nanjing the capital with a name of Ming for his dynasty. In 1398, he died and was buried here in the Xiaoling.The mausoleum consists of two major sections. The front section starts from”The Gateway of Dismounting Horses”at the Falial Guard to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way. The whole approach is 1800 meters long. The Gateway of Dismounting Horse is engraved with 6 Chinese characters for warning worshipers, meaning”All the officials must dismount from the horse back here”.Go 700 meters northwest from the gateway, we can see a three-arched gate. It is known as the the Great Golden Gate, which is the front gate of the mausoleum, connecting with the red enclosure walls.Go through the Grand Golden Gate is a roofless pavilion, which is called Square City. In the middle of the pavilion there stands a huge stone tablet, which is 8.78m high with 2,746 characters carved on it. This is” the Tablet of Great Merits of the Ming Tomb of the Great Ming Dynasty”. The characters were written by Zhu Di, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.Go out of the Square City, we’ll come to the first section of the Sacred Way. The Sacred Way is divided into two sections. The front section is flanked by 12 pairs of stone animals in 6 kinds: each kind of the animals has 2 pairs, one standing and one kneeling. The animals are arranged in proper order: lions, Xiezhi, camels, elephants, unicorns and horses.Go straight a little bit forward, we can see two pillars, from where the sacred way makes a right turn. Here, we are at the second section of the Sacred Way, which is flanked by 4 pairs of stone Weng Zhongs: 2 pairs of generals and 2 pairs of officials.At the right of this path, we can see a small hill planted with thousands of plum trees. It is the Plum-Blossom Hill, which is Sun Quan’s tomb. The Hill is now a wonderful site for local people to appreciate plum blossom in spring when the trees are blooming.At the end of the Sacred Way, there is a gate named Lingxing Gate with three arches. It is alsocalled Dragon& Phoenix Gate. The rear section of the mausoleum starts from Lingxing Gate to the Citadel of Treasure and the Tomb Mound.About 270 meters away northeast of the Lingxing Gate there’s a stone bridge spanning over a small stream, which is called the Golden Water Bridge,. About 200 meters north of the bridge is the front gate of the tomb. At the right of the gate there is a tablet stone, which is inscribed with “The Special Notice” in 6 foreign languages to call for attention to protect the tomb. The tablet was established by Qing government.Inside the gate is a tablet pavilion, which is the entrance hall of the tomb. In this pavilion, there’s a tablet inscribed with “The Stele of Administrating the country as prosperous as the Tang and Song Dynasties”. The inscription was written by Kangxi, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty when he was paying his homage to the entombed emperor during his third inspection tour to the area in 1699.Go out of the pavilion, we’ll come to the site of the Sacrificial Hall. The original hall was very large and was used to enshrine Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress. The hall was destroyed in the war yet its 56 stone column bases are still there.Continue the visit towards north across a big stone bridge, we can see “The Citadel of Treasures and the Tomb Mound”. The Citadel of Treasures is the site of graveyard and the Tomb Mound is the tomb itself. The citadel is 39 meters long from west to east and 18 meters wide from north to south. Climb up 54 steps, coming into our view is the Tomb Mound, which is half circled by a stone wall. In the middle of the wall there are 7 Chinese characters, meaning” The hill is the very tomb of the Ming’s founding Emperor”. The tomb is covered by a large mound-400 meters in diameter. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress are entombed in the underground. For the technical reasons of preservation, the tomb has not been excavated.。
英文明孝陵
XiaoLing Tomb Of The Ming Dynasty (12分钟)一．景点概况 (1分30秒)1、明孝陵的主人、位置、建陵时间及名称由来2、宝城宝顶的特点3、朱元璋生平Everyone，We have arrived at the Ming Tomb lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain.Zhu Yuanzhang and his Empress Ma were buried here together.Born in a poor peasant family in Fengyang,Anhui Province,Zhu Yuanzhang became a monk at Huangjue Temple when he was 17 years old.He joined the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing of the Peasant Uprising Troops in the late Yuan Dynasty,taking over Nanjing and then,in 1368,he proclaimed himself Emperor Hongwu by establishing the Ming Dynasty.The construction of the mausoleum commenced in 1381,two years later the Empress Ma was buried here and then Zhu Yuanzhang was buried in 1398.However,the whole project was not formally completed until 1413.Why was it named as Xiaoling?According to one saying,Empress Ma was posthumously honored with the title of “Xiaoci”.But according to another saying,it was because Zhu Yuanzhang advocated ruling the world with filial piety.The Ming Tomb has created the monarchal mausoleum system of “The front pa rt for administering state affairs and the rear part for sleep featured by treasure city and treasure cover”in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.In 2003,the Ming Tomb was listed into the List of World Heritage.二．大金门、碑亭 (2分种)1、大金门的建筑特点及规模2、碑亭原来的建筑形式和现有的形式3、碑亭的俗称4、功德碑简介5、碑文Now we have come to the first gate of the Ming Tomb named Grand Golden Gate,also known as Scarlet Gate featured by overlapped eaves and yellow glazed tiles.On both sides of the gate,there was originally a red wall extending 22.5 kilometers, surrounding the whole tomb area.Unfortunately,it was destroyed in thewar.What we see now is the new one rebuilt in 2012.Walking through the wooden trestle,we have arrived at the Stone-Tablet Pavition.Taking a square form featured by overlapped eaves and gable roof covered with yellow glazed tiles,the original pavilion was destroyed in the war ,only leaving behind a wall of about 27 meters long of four sides and fourarch-gates.Therefore,it is called “Sifangcheng”.In 2012,a cover was added for protection.Within the pavilion stands “The Tablet of Deified Exploits and Holy Virtues of the Ming Tomb”.Its height 8.78 meters and it is the highest ancient tablet in Nanjing.The frontal tablet is carved with the inscription written by Zhu Di,the third emperor in the Ming Dynasty，praising highly of Zhu Yuanzhang’s whole life.There are altogether 2,746 Chinese characters on the tablet divided into seven parts:Narration of parenthood,born in a big family in Jurong;pleading on behalf of people and rising high in Dingyuan;ascending to throne and naming Crown Prince;abolishing the cabinet minister and establishing six ministries;respecting talented people and establishing national learning;living a simple life;and a four-word tribute totaling 144 sentences.三．神道、梅花山 (2分30秒)1、石象路的六种神兽名称、数量及排列顺序2、望柱（点到即可）3、石翁仲路上文臣、武将的名称、数量及排列顺序4、棂星门复建的时间5、孙权墓和赏梅胜地Passing through Yuhe Bridge,we have arrived at Sacred Path.The first flight is Shixiang Road arranged in turn with six kinds of stone animals in twelve pairs from the east to the west.There are four animals for each kind,with two standing and two kneeling.The first kind of animal is lion,the king of the animals,symbolizing imperial majesty.The second is Xiezhi with a unicorn and good at distingtuishing the good and theevil,symbolizing imperial justice.The third is camel,representing the northern territory and symbolizing the vast territory of the Grand Ming Dynasty.The fourth is elephant,representing the southern territory and symbolizing the country being prosperous and people living in peace.The fifth is Kylin,symbolizing imperial benevolence.The last is horse,representing loyalty to emperor.The stone animals placed on both sides of Sacred Path were mainly for showing majesty of Zhu Yuanzhang and prosperity of the country together with the hope for driving evils away.The second flight of Sacred Path is Wengzhong Road.At the intersection stands a pair of Huabiao followed by two pairs of officials and military officers,with one pair of the young and the other pair in theirprime,indicating successors of the Ming Dynasty.At the far-end of of Sacred Path stands a Lingxing Gate with six columns and three arch-gates.The east side of Sacred Path sees Plum-Blossom Hill,which was originally named as Sunlinggang Hill since Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty was buried here. Plum-Blossom Hill gained its name because this place became a famous destination for plum-blossom appreciation during the period under the Republic of China.It is now a wonderful place for people to appreciate plum blossom in spring.四．金水桥、陵门、碑殿 (2分30秒)1、金水桥（点到即可）2、陵门建筑特点3、“特别告示”碑及六国文字4、碑殿内五块石碑的名称及内容Passing through Jinshui Bridge,we can see the front gate of the tomb palace named Wenwu Square Gate.This gate is subdivided into five arch-gates with four Chinese characters “Wenwu Square Gate”vertically carved on the plate lintel.The original gate was destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty,and what we see now is the one rebuilt in 1998.On the eastern side of the central gate,there is a “Special Notice Board”erected in the first year of Emperor Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty.The words on the board are respectively written in Japanese,German,Italian.English, French and Russian with its content emphasizing the protection of the Ming Tomb.At the end of Wenwu Square Gate stands Tablet Hall which was originally the middle gate in front of Xiangdian Hall and changed its name into Tablet Hall in the middle Qing Dynasty.Within it,there are five stone inscriptions.The inscription right at the center is engraved with four Chinese characters of “Governance Modeled after the Prosperous Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty”which was i nscribed by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty when he visited the Ming Tomb,acclaiming that achievements of Zhu Yuanzhang in governing the coutry surpassed those of Li Shimin,an emperor in the Tang Dynasty,and Zhao Kuangyin,the first emperor of the Song Dynasty.As an emperor of Qing Dynasty,why Emperor Kangxi gave such a high evaluation to Zhu Yuanzhang?On the one hand,this expressed his respect to Zhu Yuanzhang,and on the other hand,he wanted to win over people to consolidate the reign of the Qing Dynasty because of the critical contradictions between Manchu Nationality and Han Nationality in the early Qing Dynasty.On both sides of the hall,there are poem tablets inscribed by Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty during his visit to the Ming Tomb.Standing behind the poem tablets are two record tablets which record the visit by Emperor Kangxi.五．享殿遗址 (1分30秒)1、享殿过去和现在的用途2、原来的规模及现在可见的景观This building is called Xiangdian Hall,also named as Xiaoling Hall,used for offering sacrisfice and respect to Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma.The original hall was destroyed in the war,then it was rebuilt by Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty.Please see the three-tier Buddha’s-seat-like stone foundation at the bottom of the hall.It is the original of the early Ming Dynasty.In the middle of the steps,there are red carved stones,with the upper one carved with “two Dragons Playing a Ball”,the middle one carved with “Sun Shining over Mountains and Rivers”and the lower one carved with “A H orse Flying in the Air”.Above the foundation erects Xiangdian Hall.These big stones on the ground are 0.91 meter in diameter,which were column bases for supporting Xiangdian Hall at that time.There are totally 56bases.Xiangdian Hall was featured by overlapped eaves and hip roof,9-room in width and 5-room in depth.It is extremely magnificent and spectacular,as the largest hall among all imperial tombs of the Ming Dynasty.What we see now is a small rebuilt hall with three rooms characterized by single eaves and geble roof,falling off remarkably in scale.六. 方城、明楼、宝城、宝顶 (2分钟)1、方城明楼的布局2、建筑特色3、宝城、宝顶的规模、形状和建造特点Passing through Inner Red Gate and Shengxian Bridge,we can see Square Castle and Ming Tower. Square Castle is a squre castle in front of Treasure Cover externally laid with large slab-stones and built with Buddha’s-seat-like foundation.Walking through 54-tier door corridor right in the middle of Square Castle,we can see a protection wall piled up with slab-stones of 13 tiers engraved with seven big Chinese characters of “This Mountain is the Tomb of Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty”in the early period of the Republic of China.Ascending ramps on the eastern and western sides,we have arrived at Ming Tower.In the tower,there was orig inally Zhu Yuanzhang’s tombstone which was destroyed in the war.In 2009,the tower was reconstructed.Now it is used for displaying the pictures and data of 19 monarchal mausoleums distributed all over the country in the Ming Dynasty.Please look back,behind Square Castle stands Treasure Cover which is a large circular earthen mound of 400 meters in diameter.Underground palace of Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma lies under it.Treasure City means the brick wall extending about 1 kiometer surrounding Treasure Cover.The monarchal mausoleum shape characterized by the square front and the round back with Treasure City and Treasure Cover has created the history of monarchal mausoleums of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty for over 600 years,becoming the comprehensive monarchal mausoleum in China.。
Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty(明孝陵介绍)
Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 2003, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its found er, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he wassent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals, he finally ascended the throne in 1368 when he was 40 years old. He named the new dynasty Ming, titled himself Emperor Hongwu, and located the capital in Yingtian (today’s Nanjing).Soon after coming to the throne, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to choose a site for his tomb. He made a survey of the Zijin Mountain with several ministers. As if by prioragreement, they all picked Dulongfu, or Single-Dragon Mound. It was a small hillock at the foot of the main peak with perfect geomantic omen. At that time, however, there was an ancient temple on the mound. In order to make a space for his tomb, Zhu issued an order to pull it down and moved it to the eastern slope of Zijin Mountain. The temple was rebuilt to be greatly larger than the original one. It was today’s Linggu Temple.Construction of the tomb started in 1381. In the next September, Empress Ma was buried here after death. She was given the posthumous title Xiaoci, which meant filial and kind, hence the tomb’s name Xiaoling (Filia l Tomb). The project lasted for more than 30 years. When the emperor died at 71 in 1398 and buried here, it was still under construction.The completed Xiaoling Tomb was an architectural masterpiece of extremely large scale; historical records indicate that the tomb area used to be protected by a red wall of 22.5 kilometers in circumference, which enclosed the whole Zijin Mountain. Within the enclosure, there was a large group of splendid buildings. Although most of the wooden structure has been destroyed during wartimes, all the remaining buildings are perfectly reserved at their original sites and the natural landscapes around the cultural relics are not spoiled.Ok, now let’s have a close look at the Tomb. In space it can be roughly divided into two sections along a procession way of 2,600 meters. The first section is an introductory part, starting from the Dismounting Archway and ending at the Golden Water Bridge; the second section after the bridge is the main structures of the tomb.We are now standing before the Big Golden Gate. It is the front door of Xiaoling’s outer walls and the first gate marking entry into the tomb area. Facing south, the gate has three gateways used to be fitted with vermilion door panels. The stone Sumeru pedestal girdled with carvings embodies the creativity in the imperial buildings of early Ming Dynasty. Its single-eave hip-and-gable yellow glazed roof has been destroyed, while connection to the red walls can still be traced from its west side. About 750 meters south from here is the Dismounting Archway, the starting point of the tomb path. In the Ming Dynasty, all officials must dismount here when they cameto pay homage to the late emperor, otherwise they would be punished for disrespect. This shows the absolute dignity of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang in that period. To the east of the archway, there are two Steles: the Shenlie Mountain Stele and the Forbidden Stele.Here we are at the Tower of the Tablet of Great Merits, known as Square City among local people. Its roof is gone, but the walls and four arch gates still remain, just like a small city. Standing in the middle is the Tablet of Great Merits erected in 1413 by Zhu Di, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang and the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. There are altogether 2746 Chinese characters inscribed on the tablet in praise of the merits and achievements of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. With a height of 8.78 meters, it is the highest ancient tablet existent in Nanjing area.Why did Zhu Di erect such a huge tablet here? You know, Zhu Yuanzhang had 26 sons. According to Chinese tradition, when an old emperor passed away, his eldest son succeeded as the new emperor. But Zhu’s eldest son had died, so his eldest grandson came to the throne. After the young man was crowned, his powerful uncles started scheming to capture the throne. Finally Zhu Di, who was then the King of Yan Kingdom in Beijing, conquered the capital. He forced his nephew to flee and declared himself Emperor Yongle. So when Zhu Di praised his father in the inscription, he was actually praising himself and presuming himself as the authorized successor to Zhu Yuanzhang. In fact, Zhu Di had prepared a 72-meter-high tablet at Yangshan Hill in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. Since it was too heavy to be moved, he gave up the plan and used this one. The stone animal under the tablet looks like a tortoise. It is actually the first son of the dragon named Bixi. Noted for the ability to bear heavy things, it was usually put under imperial tablets. A story goes that when the tablet was completed, it was very hard to move it on top of Bixi. The man in charge was so worried. One day he had a dream, in which he was told that only when the stele and Bixi didn’t see each other, could he make it. Clever as he was, he covered Bixi with mud and pushed the tablet to its place.To the west of Square City, across a small bridge stretches the Sacred Avenue. It’s divided into two halves. The first is called Stone Elephant Road, which is linedwith 24 stone animals of six kinds. Each kind has two pairs, one pair standing, the other kneeling. In ancient China, people believed that putting stone animals before a tomb could demonstrate the dead’s dignity and drive away evil spirits. However, only emperors and nobles enjoyed the privilege. First to come is the lion, which is regarded as king of the beasts. It symbolizes the emperor’s power. The second is called Xiezhi, a unicorn-shaped mythical animal capable of telling the good from the evil. Therefore, it was often put in the imperial court to serve as a judge. The following is camel, known as boat in the desert. It is a tribute to the Ming Dynasty from the neighboring countries. Then comes the elephant, symbol of prosperity and peace. The animal after elephant is kylin, or Chinese Unicorn. It is a lion-headed, dragon-bodied and horse-footed legendary animal representing good luck. The last animal is horse, which was the only transportation means in that time and loyal to its masters. All of these animals were carved out of huge blocks of stones. Among them the largest is elephant, each weighing about 80 tons. Visitors may wonder how the ancient masons moved so enormous a sculpture with most primitive tools. In cold winter, workers splashed water on the ground and waited it to freeze. To drag those colossuses on ice became much easier. After so many years, these sculptures are still well preserved. They are of great historical value by representing the highest level of stone-cutting in the early Ming Dynasty.Turn north at two ornamental pillars, the Sacred Avenue comes to its second half Wengzhong Road, along which are four pairs of stone figures, two warriors and two civil officials. The warriors are in armor with weapons in hands while the civil officials are in court robe with writing board in hands to take no tes of the emperor’s edict. Having stood there for more than 600 years, they are still as vivid as before as if they are loyally guarding the emperor’s tomb.At our right hand there is a small mound named Plum Blossom Hill. It used to be the burial place o f Sun Quan, king of the Eastern Wu in China’s Three Kingdoms Period (220-280). It was said that when Xiaoling Tomb was constructed, some officials suggested that Sun Quan’s tomb should be moved away. But Zhu answered: Sun Quan was a hero, let him stay there and be my janitor. So the hill was left. As weknow, the sacred avenues of China’s ancient imperial tombs were usually arranged in a straight line and the stone sculptures were usually put directly before the tomb. But in the case of Xiaoling Tomb, with the hill standing in the way, the Sacred Avenue has to make a turn. Nowadays, covered with more than 10,000 plum trees, the hill has become a famous tourist resort for plum blossoms. Every early spring, when all the plum trees are in full bloom, the hill is teemed with thousands of visitors a day.Now let’s cross the Golden Water Bridge and walk into the second part of Xiaoling Tomb, the tomb palace area. In this part, all the major structures are symmetrically distributed along an axial line. In terms of layout, the tomb palace followed that of the imperial palaces in the capital, namely, “court in the front and residing place in the rear”, and division of the palace into three layers in depth. The courts occupy the first and second layers, and the residing place lies in the third layer. This kind of layout reflects the feudal code of ethics and gives prominence to politics and imperial power. Xiaoling Tomb is of trail-blazing significance in the development of the system of imperial tombs in the late years of China’s feudal society.Civil and Military Gate is the front gate of the tomb palace. The original one was destroyed in the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911) and what we see now is a reproduction in 1998 according to its original appearance. At the foot of its east wall there is a tablet inscribed with the “Special Notice” in English, Japanese, German, Italian, French and Russian. It was erected in 1909 by the Qing government for the preservation of Xiaoling Tomb.Imperial Tablet Hall was built by order of Kangxi, the second emperor of the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the middle gate of the tomb palace. On the tablet inside, we can see four characters in Kangxi’s handwriting, “Running the state as prosperous as Tang and Song Dynasties”. Since Qing rulers were Manch urians, Emperor Kangxi was worried that the Han people would not follow them. This inscription, by praising the Han emperor of the former dynasty, indicated Kangxi’s desire to make peace with the Han people. He came to the southern China six times and visited Xiaoling Tomb five times. This tablet was erected here in 1699 during his third inspection trip to thisarea. Placed beside are two smaller tablets inscribed with poems by Qianlong, the third Emperor.Standing behind the hall is the Sacrificial Palace, also known as Xiaoling Palace. It was one of the major buildings employed to enshrine the emperor and his empress. The palace used to be a lofty wooden structure nine-room in width and five-room in depth, which we can imagine from the huge plinths left on the three layers of stone Sumeru pedestals. Unfortunately, the building was destroyed in the war between the Qing Dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. What we see today was reconstructed during the reign of Qing Emperor Tongzhi, but is much smaller than the original one in size. Now it has been turned into the exhibition hall of Xiaoling Museum, in which the exhibition Zhu Yuanzhang and Xiaoling Tomb is on show.Stepping into the Inner Red Gate and crossing the Ascension Bridge, we stand before the Rectangular Citadel and Ming Tower, both of which were initiated by Xiaoling Tomb. The Rectangular Citadel is flanked with splay screen walls, which are decorated with brick-carved flower patterns on the four corners. They are regarded as representatives of the brick carving arts achieved in the early Ming Dynasty. Ascending a 54-step stairway from an arched tunnel in the middle of the Rectangular Citadel, we come to the Ming Tower. There are three arched doors in its south wall, and one in each of the three other walls. Its inside floor is paved with square bricks and its roof was also destroyed during wartime.Located to the north of the Rectangular Citadel is the Treasure Mound, a large earthen mound with a diameter of about 400 meters and a height of about 70 meters. It was the Single-dragon Mound we have mentioned before. A 1000-meter-long brick wall built on a foundation of stone slabs extends around to form the Treasure City. Under the mound is the grave of Zhu Yuanzhang and Empress Ma. Though the tomb has not been excavated because of technical reasons, records show that the underground construction is larger than any other Ming Tombs.To the east of the tomb palace lies the Dongling Tomb, which was built for Zhu Biao, the eldest son and crown prince of Zhu Yuanzhang. To the west is the graveyard of more than 100 concubines and waiting maids. Scattered in the zone of subordinateburials on the northern side of Zijin Mountain are the tombs of more than a dozen meritorious officials of the Ming Dynasty. They and Xiaoling Tomb as a whole make up a distribution of tomb cultural relics large in scale and rich in content.My interpretation of Xiaoling Tomb comes to an end. Thank you!。
介绍明孝陵英语作文
介绍明孝陵英语作文English: Ming Xiaoling is the tomb of the Hongwu Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his empress, Ma. Located at the southern foot of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China, Ming Xiaoling is considered one of the best-preserved and largest imperial tombs in the country. The tomb was built between 1381 and 1405 during the Ming Dynasty, characterized by its grand architecture and beautiful surroundings. The Sacred Way leading up to the tomb is lined with stone statues of mythical animals and civil officials, creating a majestic and solemn atmosphere. Inside the tomb complex, visitors can explore the main buildings, such as the Gate of Eminent Favor, the Tablet Pavilion, and the Hall of Eminent Favor, all of which showcase exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance. Ming Xiaoling not only serves as a prominent historical site but also reflects the traditional Chinese belief in honoring and commemorating the deceased ancestors.Translated content: 明孝陵是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋和皇后马氏的陵墓，位于中国南京紫金山南麓，被认为是全国保存最完好、规模最大的皇家陵墓之一。
南京明孝陵英语作文
南京明孝陵英语作文English:Nanjing Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, with its majestic architecture and historical significance, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-visit attraction for anyone interested in Chinese history and culture. Located at the foot of Zijin Mountain, this mausoleum is the final resting place of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, and his empress. The mausoleum complex includes the Great Red Gate, the Sacred Way, the Stele Pavilion, the main hall, and the gate of Changling. Every structure is impeccably designed and intricately detailed, showcasing the grandeur of ancient Chinese architecture. Walking through the Sacred Way lined with stone statues of animals and officials, visitors can feel the solemn and reverent atmosphere of the mausoleum. The Mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang not only pays tribute to a renowned historical figure but also serves as a testament to the cultural achievements of the Ming Dynasty. It is a place where visitors can immerse themselves in history, marvel at the craftsmanship of the past, and gain a deeper understanding of China's rich heritage.中文翻译:南京明孝陵，以其雄伟的建筑和历史意义，是一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产，也是任何对中国历史和文化感兴趣的人必去的景点。
介绍明孝陵英语作文
介绍明孝陵英语作文Nestled within the verdant hills of Nanjing, Ming Xiaoling stands as a monumental testament to the grandeur and rich history of the Ming Dynasty. This mausoleum complex, dedicated to the founding emperor of the dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his queen, Ma, is not just a place of rest for the royal couple; it's a vivid snapshot of the cultural, artistic, and architectural brilliance of its time.The scale of Ming Xiaoling is immense, with over 200 buildings and structures spread across a vast area. The complex is divided into two main parts: the "Sacred Way" and the "Mausoleum Area." The Sacred Way, a long processional avenue leading to the main mausoleum, is lined with stone statues of various sizes and shapes, representing the dignity and power of the emperor. These statues, along with the elaborate carvings and sculptures adorning the road, exude a sense of awe-inspiring grandeur. The Mausoleum Area, on the other hand, is the heart of the complex. Here, the main mausoleum, the "Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang," stands tall, surrounded by a wall of stoneterraces. Inside, the tomb is a serene and peaceful space, filled with the tranquility of the dead emperor and his queen. The intricate carvings and paintings on the wallsand ceilings add a touch of elegance to the otherwise austere interior.But Ming Xiaoling's charm doesn't just lie in its grandeur. It's also in the intricate details that make up the complex. From the delicate carvings on the stonetablets to the intricate patterns on the roof tiles, every element tells a story of the care and attention paid to the construction of this mausoleum. It's these details thattruly bring the history and culture of the Ming Dynasty to life.Moreover, Ming Xiaoling is not just a mausoleum complex; it's also a place of profound cultural significance. It's where the emperors of the Ming Dynasty were buried, and as such, it holds a special place in the hearts of the Chinese people. It's a symbol of respect and reverence for the past, a reminder of the rich history and culture that have shaped China into what it is today.In conclusion, Ming Xiaoling is much more than just a mausoleum; it's a historical and cultural landmark that tells the story of the Ming Dynasty. Its grandeur, detail, and significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Chinese history and culture. As one walks through its vast expanse, it's hard not to be moved by the sense of awe and respect that this place evokes. Ming Xiaoling is truly a testament to the splendor of the Ming Dynasty.**明孝陵：明朝辉煌历史的见证**坐落在南京郁郁葱葱的山峦之中，明孝陵不仅是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋及其皇后马氏的陵墓，更是明朝文化、艺术和建筑辉煌的生动写照。
明孝陵英文作文
明孝陵英文作文English:Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, located in Nanjing, China, is the final resting place of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his empress Ma. The mausoleum, also known as the "13 Ming Tombs," is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is renowned for its grandeur, historical significance, and cultural value. The mausoleum is situated at the foot of Zhongshan Mountain and covers an area of over 15 square kilometers, with its main attractions including the Sacred Way, the Great Red Gate, the Hall of Eminent Favor, and the Precious Hall of the Great Mausoleum. The Sacred Way, a 1800-meter pathway lined with stone statues and memorial archways, leads visitors to the impressive complex, while the Great Red Gate marks the entrance to the mausoleum. The architecture of the mausoleum reflects the traditional Chinese style, with intricate carvings, vibrant colors, and detailed designs that showcase the skill and craftsmanship of the artisans of that era. The serene and picturesque setting, combined with the historical and cultural significance, makes Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum a must-visit destination for tourists and a symbol of China's rich cultural heritage.中文翻译:位于中国南京的明孝陵是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋和其皇后的安葬之地。
明孝陵旅游地介绍英语作文
明孝陵旅游地介绍英语作文Ming Xiaoling is a famous tourist attraction in Nanjing.It is the tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of theMing Dynasty. The tomb is surrounded by beautiful gardens,lush forests, and ancient stone sculptures. Visitors can explore the grand gate, sacred way, and main hall of the tomb, which are all well-preserved and offer a glimpse into the grandeur of the Ming Dynasty.One of the highlights of Ming Xiaoling is the Sacred Way, a long pathway lined with stone statues of mythical beasts, officials, and animals. The statues are exquisitely carvedand represent the power and authority of the Ming emperors. Walking down the Sacred Way, visitors can imagine what it would have been like to enter the tomb in ancient times.Another must-see at Ming Xiaoling is the main hall, where the emperor's spirit tablet is enshrined. The main hall is amagnificent structure with intricate carvings and colorful paintings on the walls and ceilings. Visitors can pay their respects to the emperor and learn more about his life and accomplishments.In addition to exploring the tomb itself, visitors can also enjoy the beautiful gardens surrounding Ming Xiaoling. The gardens are filled with ancient trees, blooming flowers, and tranquil ponds. It is a peaceful and serene place to take a leisurely stroll and appreciate the beauty of nature.Overall, Ming Xiaoling is a fascinating tourist destination that offers a glimpse into China's rich history and culture. Visitors can explore the grand tomb, admire the beautiful gardens, and learn more about the Ming Dynasty. It is a must-visit for anyone interested in Chinese history and architecture.。
南京明孝陵英文导游词（精选5篇）
南京明孝陵英文导游词（精选5篇）南京明孝陵英文篇1Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 20xx, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of th e Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He wasquickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals南京明孝陵英文导游词篇2Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the queen Zhu Yuanjin Ma burial tomb, which is located in the southern foot of the purple mountain long Fu play in Mount Everest, Nanjing is the largest and one of the best preserved imperial tombs.So far more than 600 years of history.The emperors in ancient China chose the site of the mausoleum very carefully, and paid special attention to choosing the land of "Ji Di", that is, the place of geomantic omen.Every time I go out the site, in addition to sending one or two court officials, but also absorb the knowledge of geography, will see the alchemist in Feng shui.After selecting the mausoleum, the emperor had to examine the scene himself and was satisfied with it and was finally finalized.Soon after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was concerned about the "paradise" after his death, and began to plan the construction of the mausoleum.It is said that he has called Liu Bowen, Xu Da, Tang He, and other ministers to discuss site selection.Five people agreed to write their respective best burial sites on paper and then open them at the same time.The results are written, Great minds think alike., Dulong Fu Mount Everest ".So the site of the tomb of Zhu Yuanjin was thus fixed.Dulong Fu is a hill located beneath the Zijin Mountain peak, 150 meters high, about 400 meters in diameter, is like a huge natural grave.Chinese feudal emperor often put themselves as sons of the heaven, to build the tomb in Dulong Fu, is in line with the requirements of the feudal superstition.Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Yu Wu nine years (1376) began to build, build competent mausoleum engineering enterprises is "Dudu Fu Li xin.At that time, a large number of migrant workers were employed, and dozens of temples were left behind by their predecessors.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has been widely spread in China. The emperor of Wu even regards Buddhism as a national religion, so the temples in Nanjing are numerous.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples, nearly 500 in the Southern Dynasties, and 100 thousand monks.His poetry in the Tang Dynasty: "in the four hundred and eighty temple, how many loutai yanyu."It was the portrayal of the flourishing Buddhist temples in Nanjing.In addition to moving to the temple, even moved a lot of previous tombs.But when moving to the Three Kingdoms, the tomb of Sun Quan (now on Mount Mei Shan in Nanjing), Zhu Yuanjin said, "Sun Quan is a true man, keeping him as a gatekeeper."."It was not removed.Hongwu fifteen years (1382), the first phase of the project completed, coincided with the empress Ma's death, Zhu Yuanjin held a grand funeral for her, and the coffin burial tomb, called her "Xiaoci Queen", which is also the name of the tomb.In 1383, the main project of the tomb built hall.In 1392, the crown prince ZhuBiao died and was buried in the tomb of the East, called dongling.Hongwu thirty-one years (1398) built "Ming Tomb magic holiness monument", the construction of the mausoleum engineering ended, the project took 23 years.Before the death of Zhu Yuanjin, had left a testament; "funeral to frugality, no Jin, change because of the tomb and the world, three subjects are released, as marriage."This is obviously Zhu Yuanzhang's trick of buying people's hearts.The whole Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum building,Xiaolingwei East, South to West Fang Weigang dismount, the walls of the city, north of Longgang only halfway up the mountain, a radius of more than 20 km, is a grand scale.In the long 23 years of construction, depletion of the flesh and blood of the people.At that time, there were ten thousand trees planted in the tomb area, thousands of deer kept and 5700 guards.Its wide range, large scale, before the Ming Dynasty is rare.But Zhu Yuanjin was buried, there are 40 concubines to bury, in which 2 people were buried in the tomb of the East and west sides, 38 people from the buried in the tomb.This China exposed the feudal ruling class was cruel, they not only to enjoy the splendor rich, after death still "death", the burial, at the people life.南京明孝陵英文导游词篇3Today, my parents took me to Xiaoling scenic spot. Xiaoling of Ming Dynastyis the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty. Here is not onlybeautiful scenery, but also some historical knowledge, so every holiday, willgather many tourists.Entering the gate of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the first thing that comes tomind is 2 sacred Dao. One is the stone road of the East and the west, and theother is 615 meters long. In the order of the road, six stone animals are lions,tiers, camels, elephants, Kirin and horses. The other is the Weng Chong Road,the Shinto road in the north and south direction, 250 meters long, two pairs ofWen _ and two pairs of Wen Chen on the pillar. The top of the column iscylindrical, and its body is carved with dragon patterns. The dignified anddignified generals are the loyal guardians of the mausoleum. Shinto is flankedby lush towering trees, each tree has a red canna. Twigs and leaves of the treetwists and turns into a Green Avenue.At the Xiaoling Museum of the Ming Dynasty, I visited someunearthedcultural relics of the Ming Dynasty, including jades and ceramics. I also knewthat there were 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, three of whom had theircapitals in Nanjing for 53 years.A stone turtle carries a large stone tablet on its back, which is engravedwith "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasties". This is the famous tablet hall. This isEmperor Kangxi's praise for Zhu Yuanzhang's ruling the country more than that ofTang and Song dynasties. On both sides of the times are the imperial steles ofEmperor Qianlong's physical skills.The hall of enjoyment is one of the main buildings in Xiaoling Mausoleum ofMing Dynasty, which is used to worship Zhu Yuanzhang, Empress and concubines.There are three floors, and there are stone dragons in four corners of eachfloor.On the way home, the beautiful scenery of Ming Xiaoling isunforgettable.南京明孝陵英文导游词篇4Dear tourists, the scenic spot we are going to visit is the Ming XiaolingMausoleum, which is located in Dulong, Mt. Zijin. Xiaoling Tomb of the MingDynasty is the joint Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, andhis Empress Ma Shi. Zhu Yuanzhang was born in 1328 to a poor peasant family inFengyang, Anhui Province. He joined Huangjue temple at the age of 17, joined thered scarf army of Guo Zixing at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in 1352, led thearmy to conquer Nanjing in 1356, and ascended the throne in 1368.Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty was built in 1381. In 1382, it wasburied in empress Ma Shi. In 1398, it was buried here after Zhu Yuanzhang diedof illness. The project was not completed until 1413. It was named Xiaolingbecause Zhu Yuanzhang advocated "governing the world with filial piety" ontheone hand, and because empress Ma was posthumously named "Xiaoci" on the other.Therefore, the tomb was called "Xiaoling" in the Ming Dynasty and "Xiaoling" inthe Qing Dynasty to show the difference between dynasties.Relying on Zijin Mountain, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has a windingShinto. The mausoleum abides by the tradition of Chinese architecture, and itscentral axis is symmetrical. It is the first Mausoleum of Baocheng Baoding. Themausoleum shape of the former dynasty and the later Dynasty is the firstMausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 600 years. As a nationalkey cultural relic protection unit, it was listed in the world cultural heritagelist in 20__.What we see now is the first gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, dajinmen.In those days, a 45 Li external wall extended from both sides of dajinmen,including the whole Zijinshan.The roof and gate of the old golden gate, which was covered with yellowglazed tiles, have disappeared. Only the castle and the three arches.Over the golden gate, we came to Sifang city. It turned out to be a stelePavilion. Because the top of the pavilion was destroyed by the war in XianfengPeriod of Qing Dynasty, only four walls and four door tickets were left. Eachside is 26.86 meters long, just like an ancient castle. So Nanjing peoplecommonly call it Sifang city. There is a tablet of "the miraculous work of theXiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" in the city, which is 6.7 meters highIt's 2.08 meters high and called Mian. It's said that it's one of the nine sonsof the dragon. It's very heavy. This tablet is the largest Ming tablet inNanjing. The inscription is written by Zhu Di, the founder of the MingDynasty.It has 2746 words and is divided into seven parts. First, it describes his lifeexperience and was born in Jurong family. Second, it asks for the people'sorders and makes a great fortune. Third, it calms down the world, ascends thethrone and becomes emperor, cezhonggong and the crown prince, and is granted thesame surname. Fourth, it abolishes Zhongshu and sets up six departments to takecharge of military power. Fifth, it attaches importance to talents and the studyof founding a nation; 6、 He lived a simple life, and asked him to be buried withMa after his death in Xiaoling; 7. The name of 57 royal children and 144 fourcharacter eulogies, the inscription is a high praise of Zhu Yuanzhang's life.The completion of the monument of the great Ming Xiaoling was in 1413, whichmarks the end of the Ming Xiaoling project. Behind Zhu Di's great contributionto Zhu Yuanzhang, in fact, he built up his own prestige in Dashu, so as to showthe legitimacy of inheriting the throne. He originally sent tens of thousands ofmigrant workers to chisel a huge stele in the eastern suburb of Nanjing. If thecap, body and base of the stele were 72 meters high, they were too huge tocarry, so they were abandoned.After passing the Yuhe bridge, we come to the Shinto of the XiaolingMausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. The Shinto is divided into two sections. Thefirst section is Shixiang road. On both sides of the road, there are six kindsof Stone Beasts, four in each group, standing on both sides and squatting onboth sides. Kirin is the king of animals, symbolizing the majesty of kings, andChina _ s legendary law beast, symbolizing the integrity of kings; camels arethe boats of the desert, showing the vast territory of Ming Dynasty and thetranquility of the western regions of the country; the elephant is a symbol ofthe country and the people, and thepeople are obedient; the unicorn is a kindof monster of Chinese mythology and legend, symbolizing the benevolence of theemperor. The last animal to see is a horse, which symbolizes loyalty to theemperor. The main purpose of placing these stone beasts on both sides of theShinto is to record Zhu Yuanzhang's achievements, to show the prosperity of theMing Dynasty, and to pray for the suppression of demons and evil spirits.Walking along the stone statue Road, the second section of Shinto,wengzhong Road, lies ahead. There is a pair of pillar at the intersection, whichis also called Huabiao. The Shinto standing in front of the mausoleum is alsocalled lingbiao. There is the function of indicating the road here. From here,Shinto begins to turn due north. On wengzhong Road, there were two pairs ofmilitary generals, who were wearing armor and holding a wat board in theirhands. They were burly, and two pairs of civil ministers, who were wearing courtclothes and holding wat boards in their hands, were solemn. They are a pair ofyoung people and a pair of middle-aged people respectively, which indicates thatthere are successors in Daming. At the end of the Shinto Road, there is aLingxing gate with six pillars and three gates. The original gate was destroyedin the war in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now the Lingxing gate isrestored in 20__ according to historical data. This is the ceremonial gate forvisiting the mausoleum.On the east side of Shixiang Road, there is a hill called Meihua Mountain.Shinto turns a bend around Meihua Mountain. It turns out that this mountain wasthe mausoleum of Sun Quan in the eastern Wu Dynasty. During the construction ofthe Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, someone suggested that thismausoleum should be removed. However, ZhuYuanzhang said, "Sun Quan is also ahero. Let me see the gate." so the Shinto curved and became the natural barrierof the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. Now it has become a famous plumappreciation base in Nanjing.Now we see the Jinshui bridge. Behind the Jinshui bridge is the mausoleumbuilding of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. There were five Jinshui bridgesfacing the five gates of the mausoleum palace, which were destroyed by the warin Xianfeng Period of Qing Dynasty. Only three of them were restored in QingDynasty. We can see that the stone carvings on the bridge deck and bridgefoundation are still relics of Ming Dynasty, and the bridge railings wererebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Starting from here, the building is in accordance withChinese tradition, with the north facing south and the central axissymmetrical.Up the slope, the first thing we see is the square gate of Wenwu, which isthe gate of the mausoleum palace. Its yellow tile, red door and red wall set offeach other, showing the royal style. This gate was rebuilt in 1988 according tohistorical materials. In front of the gate, on the east side of the wall, thereis a special notice tablet, which was erected in the first year of Xuantong. Itis written in the characters of Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Britain andRussia. The content is to warn visitors to protect Xiaoling.Entering the Wenwu square gate, we come to the Beidian. The Beidian wasoriginally the gate in front of the Xiaoling hall. Because the gate wasdestroyed in the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the destroyed gate wasrebuilt into a Beidian in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. There are fiveinscriptions in the hall. In the middle of the five inscriptions, "Zhilong Tangand Song Dynasty" is inscribed in the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi, which meansthat Zhu Yuanzhang'sachievements in governing the country surpass those ofEmperor Taizong Li Shimin and Emperor Songtai in the Tang Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin.Kangxi, as the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, showed his respect and admirationfor Zhu Yuanzhang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he had his own goodintentions. At the beginning of the reign of Kangxi, the Han people did notaccept the Manchu rule. Kangxi knew that it was not enough to rely on theManchu's high pressure policy alone, but also on the Han people. He visitedXiaoling of Ming Dynasty six times and five times in his life. He knelt downthree times and kowtowed nine times. In 1699, when he visited Xiaoling of MingDynasty for the third time, he wrote "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasty" to win thehearts of the people. Next to them are two steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlongwhen he visited the mausoleum. There are also two lying steles on the back,which respectively record the first and third visits to Taizu mausoleum duringEmperor Kangxi's southern tour. There are records written by Tao Dai, governorof Liangjiang and Cao Yin, weaving doctor in Jiangnan.This building is the former site of Xiaoling hall, which is the mainbuilding of Xiaoling. You can see the three-story xumizuo platform base of theoriginal white marble. The platform base is three meters high. The four cornersof the three-story platform base are still left with stone carved head. Thereare three steps around the platform base. It's the middle of the road. On thethird floor of xumizuo is the hall of enjoyment, which is dedicated to ZhuYuanzhang and empress ma. The original palace was destroyed by the war inXianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. Now we can see 56 huge stone pillars on theplatform foundation, each with a diameter of 0.91 meters. It's easy to imaginehow spectacular the hall was at that time. At that time, the hall ofXiaolingwas nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves, covered with yellowglazed tiles and a bucket arch overhanging eaves. The scale of Xiaoling was muchlarger than that of Changling Hall of Ming Chengzu in Beijing. What we see nowis the three Bay small hall restored during the reign of Tongzhi in the QingDynasty, which is not as large as before.Passing through the inner red gate and the Shengxian bridge, the buildingin front of you is Fangcheng. Fangcheng is a huge building in front of Baoding.The outside is made of big stones and huge bricks. There are eight characterwalls on the East and west sides of Fangcheng. The four corners of the wall aredecorated with brick carvings. These brick carvings are representative works ofthe early Ming Dynasty. Passing through the 54th level corridor in the center ofFangcheng, you can see the south wall of Baocheng. On the front of the wall, youcan see that it is built with 13 layers of stones. It is said that the sevencharacters were engraved in the early years of the Republic of China to answervisitors' questions.From the East-West corridor between Baocheng and Fangcheng, you can climbto the minglou. It was originally a beautiful building with double eaves andyellow glazed tiles. It was destroyed by the war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomin the Qing Dynasty. Only four walls are left. In 20__, the minglou protectionproject was completed, and it has been restored. In July 20__, the minglou wasofficially opened to tourists, showing the distribution of Ming Dynasty in ChinaThere are 19 mausoleums of emperors in China.Behind the Fangcheng is Baoding, which is a large round mound with adiameter of 325-400m. On the top of the mound are towering trees, and below itis the palace where empress Maof Zhu Yuanzhang was buried. Baocheng is a brickcity with a circumference of 1100 meters around Baoding. The imperial mausoleumin Baoding of Baocheng city is the first mausoleum in Ming and Qing Dynastiesfor more than 500 years. It's just that the Ming Dynasty's top is roughly round,while the Qing Dynasty's Mausoleum's top is oval.Today, the east side of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty haspreserved the site of the Dongling Mausoleum of Zhu Biao, Prince of the MingDynasty.In ancient China, the imperial mausoleum was originally built in Fangshangof Qin and Han Dynasties. The representative mausoleum was Qinshihuang Mausoleumin Shaanxi Province. In Tang Dynasty, it was changed to the mausoleum near themountain. The representative mausoleum included Tang Qianling Mausoleum of LiZhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Empress Wu Zetian of Shaanxi Province.In Song Dynasty, the imperial mausoleum was built in Fangshang of relativelysmall scale. In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang initiated the mausoleum form ofBaocheng Baoding mausoleum and former dynasty and later Dynasty mausoleum.The Ming Dynasty established its capital in 1368 and perished in 1644.There were 16 emperors before and after it. Except for the Ming XiaolingMausoleum in Nanjing, the rest of the mausoleums were in Beijing. Only JianwenEmperor Zhu Yunwen had no mausoleum. Many tombs of the Ming Dynasty have left uscountless places to watch.As the remains of Chinese culture, ancient Chinese mausoleums have leftimportant material materials for later generations to study and understandancient Chinese economy and culture. Dear tourist friends, today's visit iscoming to an end.Thank you for your cooperation in my tour guide work. Welcometo visit Ming Xiaoling again!南京明孝陵英文导游词篇5Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty is located at the foot of MountQomolangma in Dulong Fuwan, south of Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing. It is themausoleum of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and empress Ma Shi. It is thefirst batch of national key cultural relics protection units. This royalmausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, which has a history of more than 600 years, isfamous for its prominent owner, large scale, unique shape and beautifulenvironment. In 20__, the Ming Xiaoling was successfully declared as a worldheritage site, which made the Ming Xiaoling, which initiated the imperialmausoleum system of Ming and Qing Dynasties, become the focus of worldattention.After more than 600 years of historical vicissitudes, the wooden structureof many buildings no longer exists, but all of its architectural remains areintact in place, the spatial layout is intact, and the natural landscape wherethe cultural remains are located is not damaged. They are enough to show theunique design concept, system pattern, construction scale and cultural value ofMing Xiaoling in the development process of Chinese imperial mausoleum Artisticachievements. Nowadays, the Royal mausoleums of Ming and Qing Dynastiesdistributed in Beijing, Hubei, Hebei and other provinces and cities are allbuilt according to the regulation and mode of Ming Xiaoling. In this sense, MingXiaoling is a masterpiece of art and a comprehensive achievement in the highlymature period of Chinese culture. It has created a new generation of Ming andQing Imperial Mausoleums and has a long history in the development of ChineseImperialMausoleums The value and status of the monument.It is the crystallization of political thought, social culture, aestheticconsciousness, architectural technology and national financial resources in theearly Ming Dynasty. The layout design and architectural form of the mausoleumhave distinctive style of the times and exemplary spirit. It not only inheritedthe excellent elements of the imperial mausoleum system of Han, Tang and SongDynasties, but also created a new imperial mausoleum system. The mausoleumsystem of Xiaoling in Ming Dynasty regulated the overall pattern and style ofmausoleum construction in Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 500 years. Itsstatus was lofty and its influence was far-reaching.。
南京明孝陵英语作文
南京明孝陵英语作文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, located at the southern foot of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, is the tomb of the founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his empress. Covering an area of 15 square kilometers, it is one of the largest imperial tombs in China.The mausoleum is famous for its grand scale, exquisite craftsmanship, and beautiful natural scenery. The Spirit Way, a 1800-meter-long road leading to the mausoleum, is lined with stone statues of mythical animals and officials. The main mausoleum buildings are made of precious materials and designed with intricate carvings, symbolizing the power and dignity of the Ming Dynasty.Visitors to the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum can not only appreciate the historical and cultural significance of the site, but also enjoy the peaceful and picturesque surroundings. The mausoleum is a testament to the rich history and splendid culture of ancient China, and it is a must-see destination for tourists interested in Chinese history and architecture.南京明孝陵坐落在紫金山南麓，是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋和皇后的陵墓。
南京明孝陵英语作文
The Splendor of Ming Xiaoling: A Cultural and Historical Treasure of NanjingNestled amidst the lush greenery of Nanjing, standsMing Xiaoling, a testament to the rich history and profound cultural heritage of China. This mausoleum complex, dedicated to the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his queen, Ma, is not just a place of restfor the royal couple; it's a living museum that tells the story of China's past.Built in the 14th century, Ming Xiaoling is renownedfor its grandeur and architectural excellence. The complex, spread over a vast area, is a harmonious blend of natureand manmade structures. The main features include the Great Gate, the Sacred Way, the Stone Animals, the Ceremonial Hall, and the Burial Vaults, each one unique in its own way. The Great Gate, with its imposing presence, welcomes visitors with open arms. It's adorned with intricate carvings and painted in vibrant hues, reflecting the grandeur of the Ming dynasty. Passing through the gate, one enters the Sacred Way, a long, straight pathway lined withstone animals, each symbolizing a different aspect of royal power and dignity.The Ceremonial Hall, located at the heart of the complex, is a magnificent structure that once hosted royal ceremonies and rites. Its interior is adorned withbeautiful murals and carvings, depicting scenes from Chinese mythology and history.But the real highlight of Ming Xiaoling is the Burial Vaults, where the remains of Zhu Yuanzhang and his queen rest. These vaults, carved out of solid rock, are a testament to the advanced engineering skills of the Ming dynasty. They are adorned with intricate carvings and paintings, telling the story of the emperor's life and reign.But Ming Xiaoling is not just about architecture and history; it's also about the beauty of nature. Surrounded by lush green hills and serene lakes, the complex offers a peaceful and serene atmosphere that is truly refreshing. Visitors can take a leisurely walk through the gardens, admire the scenic views, and relish the tranquility that this place offers.Ming Xiaoling is not just a place to visit; it's an experience. It offers a window into the rich history and profound culture of China, allowing visitors to connect with their past and appreciate the legacy of their ancestors. Whether you're an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or just looking for a peaceful getaway, Ming Xiaoling is sure to leave a lasting impression.**南京明孝陵：文化与历史的瑰宝**南京，这座历史悠久的城市，孕育着无数文化和历史的瑰宝。
明孝陵英文导游词1
明孝陵英文导游词1明孝陵英文导游词Will tourists Nanjing : The ancient continents, said dynasty in Nanjing have left a large number of monuments and sites.Now we are going to visit and tour is stopped.[Ming location-through site-construction process -- Ming-Ming Zhu Yuanliangfounding emperor and empress Markov's tombstone.It is located at the south of independence Zijinshan playing Lung Fu Feng, Nanjing is the largest and bestking.It has been 600 years of history.Chinese emperors of the preserved intact tomb of aMausoleum of choice very carefully, with special emphasis on choice, the Kyrgyz soil , that is, upon the wheels.At each site, in addition to sending a court, officials goods, but also to absorb proficient in geography, the alchemist fengshui will participate.To select Mausoleum, the emperor must personally examine the scene, satisfied by an finalized.Soon after the emperor ascended the throne, it is concerned about the death of paradise, started planning the construction tomb.It was reported that he had also been passed down, Da, Chang Yu, Tang and other ministers convened to discuss the site.Five agreed to extend their tomb site is written on paper is the best choice, and then publicly., A case of great minds thinking alike, the words independence playing Lung Fu Feng. Therefore, Zhu Yuanliang-grave site of the tomb of this set onthe ground.Independence is a long mound is located under a small hill of Mount Zijin Mountain, 150 meters high, has a diameter of about 400 meters.For example, a huge natural cemetery.China's feudal emperor often than for their own true sons of the dragon, Lung Fu Ling in the CIS, which is very much consistent with the requirements of feudal superstition.Stopped in the 24th nine years (1376) is built for the Chinese military said Ling Li Gubernatorial enterprises.At that time, spend a lot of workers, moved out of our predecessors left dozens of temples.Since the invasion, the Southern Dynasties, the spread of Buddhism in China has been widely, Liangdi Emperor even Buddhism as state religion.So Nanjing temples skyscrapers.Jin Dynasty, more than 300 Buddhist temples and Southern Dynasties to nearly 500, Monk10 million people.Perhaps the Tang Dynasty poem : Southern Dynasties 480 monks, with the words. It is a portrayal of what happened in Nanking temple flourished.Apart from the relocation Temple, and even moved out of the tombs of many predecessors.However, the three countries have to be relocated at the tomb of Sun Quan (Meihuashan on this Nanjing), Zhu Yuanliang-a remark : Sun Quan is a man who wears his concierge. will not be relocated.24th 15 (1382), after the pletion of the first phase of the project, coincided with the death of the Empress Ma,Zhu Yuanliang-held a grand funeral for her, and were buried in the grave of his Doscordance closed her made its Queen. Hence the name from the grave.1383, Xiaoling of the main mosque is built.1392, the crown prince, Zhu superscript death, buried in East Xiaoling called Dongling.24th 1942 (1398) into amajor milestone in the virtues and the group stopped, the whole building Mausoleum before the end.The project took 23 years.Zhu Yuanliang-dying, had left Yiming; Funeral from one-to-jian, not 0800, because it no Xiaoling landscape changedrelease of three subjects are serving the world, harmless and funerals. This was obviously the emperor to buy people's minds.Its construction stopped, East Xiaolingwei south Wei-gang Mafangying under Western Wall where she arrived in the north independence Longgang just getting half way up the mountain.more than 20 kilometers in circumference, is a magnificent scale.In the long 23 years of construction, the flesh and blood of depletion.Then planting amillion trees tombarea, Deer able to slaughter thousands of sending as many as 5,700 people by the guards.Due to the wide scope and scale, in the Ming Dynasty used to be rare.Moreover, Zhu Yuanliang-burial, the Commissioner says 40 victims, two of whom were buried in Xiaoling East and the West on both sides, 38 from reburied Xiaoling.This exposed the cruel feudal ruling class, they not only served to enjoy the splendor and rich,death still grave Jewish students, implementing this practice, at people's lives.[Ming architectural guide :Mafangying under-Jinmen-god action Sandelin milestone-the four Shinto Yuhe-Shek as-a-table - Ong Ming Road -- can be divided into the construction of Shinto and guide the construction of the main building of two majorcemetery.Imperial Mausoleum tourists entering the region : you first see this stone arch called the Mafangying This is the first constructionstopped.It is engraved on the stone, an official from the aborted unartistic six characters.The civilian and military officials here have dropped in class, to show respect.This is seen by the eyes of Damafanghe under the 1984 rehabilitation.Please, everyone, look, this is the main -- the big island Ming, Huang Zhong Yan level, red walls Weir slug to the eastern border, the extraordinary momentum.Choice is the big island north of 70 meters, monly called Tales. Choice is a square building, four doors have a coupon.Kiosk in the virtues stopped miracle milestone , and praised his father carved 明 Premier Zhu Yuanliang-legal Merit in the text.Up to 2,746 full - and every word fist size.Its landmark by Beizuo, striking monument with hats into three parts, is a huge carved animals Beizuo, 2.08 meters high,The ancients called the 赑屃 is a myths and legends of the animals, said special could carry heavy estone in the whole high-8.78 meters, Nanjing is the largest piece of Old Stone Tablet.Yuhe bridge over the tourists : you, pack to the west is the grave of Shinto.Shinto is divided into two paragraphs : the first paragraph of things to name as Shi Road, a tall stone as a result of a road named.Shi as 615 meters long road, the road on both sides of 12 minutes six Shishou a total of 24, only four of each, the two squatting stand.arranged a lion from east to west, XIE Zhi, camels, like, Kirin and race.These Shishou for each message : the lion king, showed the emperor's authority, it is a symbol of imperial power.Town also play the role of evil spirits and demons; XIE Zhi god sheep , the last frame, a lion-headed, young Mao and natures righteous, and theability to differentiate between right and wrong.Similar management officials at the Criminal legend Monarch Shun groomed XIE Zhi, in the event they struggle, it could conflict with unreasonable guilt angle,On instructions from it for posterity just a sacred animal, the emperor is down here used to flaunt the clever emperor;Camel symbol of the desert and tropical, vast territory, said Ming emperors Granville Township Quartet; Elephant is the beast which has lost its character Wenliang,The lid is those people meant, and its four legs were strong, firm, the firm said national domain;Kirin is the legendary Four Souls (CHU, a phoenix and the tortoise, Long) first, it is put scales, perform grass.eating animal biological Hui-hsiung is called Yee, a female named Lin, symbolizing the upright gentleman and good luck, bright; Ma,emperors in ancient times was fought, the important reunified under the limousine, often on the battlefield in the war-ridden worked hard,It is arrive wisdom 1400 capability, pioneers in the spirit of sacrifice and dedication to the noble character of all ages are fond of the feudal rulers.Xiao Shinto six Shishou, in the image of the largest, weighing 80 tons, based in Jiangsu Dalian Hill.Shishou arrived in time to be stopped in winter, watering Jiechengbing road, and then thick bamboo, wooden roller.Along witheveryone pushing for the pletion of the transport roller approach to the task.Shishou do, to the north Shinto pack.This is a Shinto roots from the look-Star played only door, 250 meters long, monly known as Tsun Road.Now we see this huge circle, marked with Beaulieuornamentation, which is China Table.YOUNG table usually used in ancient tombs, palaces, a symbol of court ritual.In fact, the original-and weare now seeing the same table, it is a bat poles,Later in the evolution of short installed near the top of the old days or wooden poles, or Chodo put it up on the roads.admonishing people to write, or play therole of intellectual table.This table is also called counter-table, as a distance, like a flower, which is linked to the ancient times spent with China, known as China table.China established the tomb of the Warring States began when King Yanzhaotable, the Western has been very popular, but also are wooden.Table with columns for China until the Eastern Han prevailing before the Eastern Han, the pillar around melon Rhombus stripescolumn also that the words a certain Shinto official message.Liang behalf of the Southern Dynasties, stone pillars and the top covered by a lotus-profile bines elements of small houses.Tang's stone columns, columns, columns, capitals, Carving a beautiful profile.Song Ling setup columns are engraved with the Dragon.Because of the religious influences, has gradually evolved into top-disclosed site for the Pillar and stand above 犼 days.Foreign-table on the first 犼 expressed hope Gui; Table 犼 the head pointing towards China, expressed the wish-out.As 犼 look good, where squat stone 犼-up table called the Pillar column. I do not know if you are not. Heart stopped from changing the date of this table to China, from south to north.unlike other REMAINED linear arrangement.Sun Quan said it is intended to circumvent tomb, pliance-not relocating Sun LingZhu Yuanliang, let him guard the door-to Zhu Yuanliang promiseShinto was why the meniscus-shaped ring Meihuashan cherish.Every spring around the hills of Plum beautiful, like a Hornsey sea. Over China, and it arranged from south to north with the eight sculptures, four Wen, the four generals.They also called Ong Shi people, this section is known as Tsun Road.Weng said the incident was an emperor Hercules, named Nguyen Ong, who is Ancient goes, than bravery million.Lintao have served (today in Minxian County, Gansu Province), the town Huns meritorious service.After the death of the emperor to mark him, they cast a bronze statue of Nguyen Ong, the race outside the legislature in Xianyang lawsuit.Xiongnu people Xianyang far to see this statue, fear not close.Since then, it put the statue, a statute monly known as Ong. With a whole piece of stone are many from all these Ong, Wen wearing inevitable, dignified silence; Put on a suit of armor and soldiers wearing helmets and magnificence.Shishou Shirengou the same as those in front of the Ming Dynasty and the art of stone carving.[Ming main building :Jin Chiang Bomon the four-milestone Temple-Xiaoling Temple-side city-Ming-three finish Baodinggou Lane -- Shinto,The tour guide stopped building will be finished.Before you told me back then invited to visit the Tombs of the main building.First, we went to the dozens, hundreds of three-hole stone bridge deck with railings.Those from the side until the city Baodinggou, is the direction of North-South Building by symmetry axisconfiguration.Those 200 meters from the north, and on the downslope, which was stopped at the main entrance of the main building, namedChiang Bomon.Green stone tablets containing a side door, 1.99 meters wide,1.07 meters high, incised run the Ming three Daewoo.Zeng Guofan to have stated panels Yunlong patterns.The door is now clearlyarchitectural Year 1865 (1865) reconstruction.Outside the east wall, a piece of legislation special notices milestone ,1.05 meters high, 0.63 meters wide, with Japan, Germany, Italy, Britain,The French and Russian characters engraved with the six nations, the content of the notices stopped.Xuantong Period - this monument is the first year (1909) and two Taiwan Jiang Westernization Jiangning Road Magistrates Office will be erected on the title.Chiang Square into the main gate who is a 1869 Qing Dynasty (1869) landmark built by the Temple.Temple tall monument erected in the center of the stone tablets in 5, the most striking piece of the middle reading : Long Tang Song administration, the four charactersThis is Kangxi in the Qing Ye St. Zuxuan 1949 (1699), wrote the third when the tour stopped respects.This house is meant to mend the achievements of Zong than pinworm.This milestone 3.85 meters high,1.42 meters wide, sits next estone in the two sides, there are still two types of stones were engraved with the Qianlong cruising on to the two when he was stopped.Temple milestone in the north by 55 meters, is Xiangdian.Xiangdian from the main entrance to the ground with a width of1.6 meters of natural Okimichi boulder.Originally Xiaoling Xiangdian Temple, the main construction is stopped in the 24th for 16 years (1383) built.What we are seeing is a sea-renewal Xiangdian 12, Temple 3, awnings 3.11 meters high, 11 meters long.Progressive seven meters deep, much smaller scale than the original Xiaoling Temple.Zhu Yuanliang-hung inside the Queen's portrait and a copy of the race.Crib Third Temple before and after each step, the central part of this central riding stack called Pi on the steps of the typical China follower of the sunshine reduced, alleging that under the liberty were carvedmotifs.Cypripedium flavum through time, through Dashiqiao, all with a large stone to build large buildings will be shown in front of us,Thisis the City side.It is 16.25 meters high and 13 meters high in the public, things 75.26 meters long, 31 meters from south to north.east and west sides of the wall characters.City side, there is a tall arches, it is a valid tunnel arches, 54 stone steps leading up to form,About two out of the tunnel stairs to the top of City Nan Deng, Ming islocated.Ming House, monly known as the empress Shuzhuangtai race, things 39.15 meters long, 18.40 meters from south to north.Three open arches south, east, west, north three arches, each one of the buildings to the ground with Fangzhuan shop.Ming is the top of the original floor, walls, is the only.Fang Ming Ming and innovation Ming imperial tombs are no such construction.Baodinggou front of a tall building in the city, and Ming House side, which also sent the clip to deep tunnelincreased by asolemn atmosphere, showing the inparable dignity of theemperor.After a City side Baodinggou, also known as Po TownCliff Wang positive only on the words Tomb of the first Ming Shan unartistic seven characters.Reportedly, it is carved in the early days of the Republic, for the visitors to answer questions.Bao City is a quasi-circular hill, about 325 meters to 400 meters in diameter, is surrounded by four walls, a wall of stone foundation,Momentum built on a mountainside, about 7 meters high, OFA Top thickness meters.Baodinggou above, the towering trees, the house and the Queen's palace in this race Baodinggou under.It would, according to the Nanjing palace entirely out after sleep form of the former Imperial Palace.According to experts verified, it was estimated the size of the construction ground tomb,This underground palace than the Changping,Beijing Ming tombs were excavated in the 10th Five tomb. However, due to various reasons, has not been tap, tap once, will also be a great spectacle.Members : stopped the tourists on guided tour ends If you have any questions to ask.I will try to meet you.Now -with me on the train, went to the next attraction.。
明孝陵英文导游词
明孝陵英文导游词篇一：明孝陵英文导游词XiaolingTombofthemingdynasty XiaolingTombofthemingdynasty (TodaywewillvisitXiaolingTombofthemingdynasty,whichwasadoptedasth eworldsculturalHeritagein20XX) XiaolingTombisthemausoleumofzhuY uanzhang,thefoundingemperorofthe mingdynasty600yearsago.Theconstructionofthemausoleumstartedin1381, andwascompletedin1413when“theTabletofGreatmeritsofthemingTomboft heGreatmingdynasty”waserected.EmperorzhuY uanzhangwasborninapeasantfamilyofanhuiProvincein1328. HelosthisparentsinhischildhoodandbecameamonkatHuangjueTemple.in13 52hejoinedtheRedTurbanarmyandbecamecommandinggenerallater.in1368 ,heestablishedhisempireandmadenanjingthecapitalwithanameofmingforhi sdynasty.in1398,hediedandwasburiedhereintheXiaoling. Themausoleumconsistsoftwomajorsections.Thefrontse ctionstartsfrom”Th eGatewayofdismountingHorses”attheFalialGuardtotheLingxingGateatthe endofSacredway.Thewholeapproachis1800meterslong.TheGatewayofdis mountingHorseisengravedwith6chinesecharactersforwarningworshipers, meaning”alltheofficialsmustdismountfromthehorsebackhere”.Go700metersnorthwestfromthegateway,wecanseeathree-archedgate.itisknownasthetheGreatGoldenGate,whichisthefrontgateofthemausoleum,conne ctingwiththeredenclosurewalls. GothroughtheGrandGoldenGateisarooflesspavilion,whichiscalledSquarec ity.inthemiddleofthepaviliontherestandsahugestonetablet,whichis8.78mhi ghwith2,746characterscarvedonit.Thisis”theTabletofGreatmeritsofthemin gTomboftheGreatmingdynasty”.Thecharacterswerewrittenbyzhudi,thethir demperorofthemingdynasty.GooutoftheSquarecity,we’llcometothefirstsectionoftheSacredway.TheSacredwayisdividedintotwose ctions.Thefrontsectionisflankedby12pairsofstoneanimalsin6kinds:eachkin doftheanimalshas2pairs,onestandingandonekneeling.Theanimalsarearrang edinproperorder:lions,Xiezhi,camels,elephants,unicornsandhorses. Gostraightalittlebitforward,wecanseetwopillars,fromwherethesacredwaym akesarightturn.Here,weareatthesecondsectionoftheSacredway,whichisflan kedby4pairsofstonewengzhongs:2pairsofgeneralsand2pairsofofficials. attherightofthispath,wecanseeasmallhillplantedwiththousandsofplumtrees. itisthePlum-BlossomHill,whichisSunQuan’stomb.TheHillisnowawonderfulsiteforlocalpeopletoappreciateplumblosso minspringwhenthetreesareblooming.attheendoftheSacredway,thereisagatenamedLingxingGatewiththreearches. itisalsocalleddragon&PhoenixGate.TherearsectionofthemausoleumstartsfromLingxingGatetothecitadelofTreasureandtheTombmound.about270metersawaynortheastoftheLingxingGatethere’sastonebridgespanningoverasmallstream,whichiscalledtheGoldenwaterBri dge,.about200metersnorthofthebridgeisthefrontgateofthetomb.attherightof thegatethereisatabletstone,whichisinscribedwith“TheSpecialnotice”in6for eignlanguagestocallforattentiontoprotectthetomb.Thetabletwasestablished byQinggovernment.insidethegateisatabletpavilion,whichistheentrancehallofthetomb.inthispavi lion,there’satabletinscribedwith“TheSteleofadministratingthecountryasprosperousas theTangandSongdynasties”.TheinscriptionwaswrittenbyKangxi,theemper oroftheQingdynastywhenhewaspayinghishomagetotheentombedemperord uringhisthirdinspectiontourtotheareain1699.Gooutofthepavilion,we’llcometothesiteoftheSacrificialHall.Theoriginalhallwasverylargeandwasus edtoenshrineEmperorzhuYuanzhangandhisempress.Thehallwasdestroyedi nthewaryetits56stonecolumnbasesarestillthere. continuethevisittowardsnorthacro ssabigstonebridge,wecansee“Thecitadel ofTreasuresandtheTombmound”.ThecitadelofTreasuresisthesiteofgraveyar dandtheTombmoundisthetombitself.Thecitadelis39meterslongfromwestto eastand18meterswidefromnorthtosouth.climbup54steps,comingintoourvie wistheTombmound,whichishalfcircledbyastonewall.inthemiddleofthewallthereare7chinesecharacters,meaning”Thehillistheverytomboftheming’sfoundingEmperor”.Thetombiscoveredbyalargemound-400metersindiame ter.EmperorzhuYuanzhangandhisempressareentombedintheunderground.F orthetechnicalreasonsofpreservation,thetombhasnotbeenexcavated.篇二：明孝陵导游词明孝陵景点概况各位游客，我们现在来到的便是明孝陵。
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南京明孝陵英文导游词明孝陵是明朝开国皇帝朱元津和皇后马氏的合葬墓，它位于紫金山南麓独龙阜玩珠峰下，是南京规模最大，保存最完好的一座帝王陵墓。
至今已有600多年的历史了。
想要写一篇关于南京明孝陵英文导游词吗?那么应该如何写好相关的南京明孝陵英文导游词呢?下面就和我一起来看看吧。
南京明孝陵导游词英文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the queen Zhu Yuanjin Ma burial tomb, which is located in the southern foot of the purple mountain long Fu play in Mount Everest, Nanjing is the largest and one of the best preserved imperial tombs.So far more than 600 years of history.The emperors in ancient China chose the site of the mausoleum very carefully, and paid special attention to choosing the land of "Ji Di", that is, the place of geomantic omen.Every time I go out the site, in addition to sending one or two court officials, but also absorb the knowledge of geography, will see the alchemist in Feng shui.After selecting the mausoleum, the emperor had to examine the scene himself and was satisfied with it and was finally finalized.Soon after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was concerned about the "paradise" after his death, and began to planthe construction of the mausoleum.It is said that he has called Liu Bowen, Xu Da, Tang He, and other ministers to discuss site selection.Five people agreed to write their respective best burial sites on paper and then open them at the same time.The results are written, Great minds think alike., Dulong Fu Mount Everest ".So the site of the tomb of Zhu Yuanjin was thus fixed.Dulong Fu is a hill located beneath the Zijin Mountain peak, 150 meters high, about 400 meters in diameter, is like a huge natural grave.Chinese feudal emperor often put themselves as sons of the heaven, to build the tomb in Dulong Fu, is in line with the requirements of the feudal superstition.Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Yu Wu nine years (1376) began to build, build competent mausoleum engineering enterprises is "Dudu Fu Li xin.At that time, a large number of migrant workers were employed, and dozens of temples were left behind by their predecessors.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has been widely spread in China. The emperor of Wu even regards Buddhism as a national religion, so the temples in Nanjing are numerous.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples, nearly 500 in the Southern Dynasties, and 100 thousand monks.His poetry in the Tang Dynasty: "in the four hundred and eighty temple, how many loutai yanyu."It was the portrayal of the flourishingBuddhist temples in Nanjing.In addition to moving to the temple, even moved a lot of previous tombs.But when moving to the Three Kingdoms, the tomb of Sun Quan (now on Mount Mei Shan in Nanjing), Zhu Yuanjin said, "Sun Quan is a true man, keeping him as a gatekeeper."."It was not removed.Hongwu fifteen years (1382), the first phase of the project completed, coincided with the empress Ma's death, Zhu Yuanjin held a grand funeral for her, and the coffin burial tomb, called her "Xiaoci Queen", which is also the name of the tomb.In 1383, the main project of the tomb built hall.In 1392, the crown prince ZhuBiao died and was buried in the tomb of the East, called dongling.Hongwu thirty-one years (1398) built "Ming Tomb magic holiness monument", the construction of the mausoleum engineering ended, the project took 23 years.Before the death of Zhu Yuanjin, had left a testament; "funeral to frugality, no Jin, change because of the tomb and the world, three subjects are released, as marriage."This is obviously Zhu Yuanzhang's trick of buying people's hearts.The whole Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum building, Xiaolingwei East, South to West Fang Weigang dismount, the walls of the city, north of Longgang only halfway up the mountain, a radius of more than 20 km, is a grand scale.In the long 23 years of construction, depletion of the flesh and blood of the people.At that time, there were ten thousand trees planted inthe tomb area, thousands of deer kept and 5700 guards.Its wide range, large scale, before the Ming Dynasty is rare.But Zhu Yuanjin was buried, there are 40 concubines to bury, in which 2 people were buried in the tomb of the East and west sides, 38 people from the buried in the tomb.This China exposed the feudal ruling class was cruel, they not only to enjoy the splendor rich, after death still "death", the burial, at the people life.南京明孝陵导游词英文Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 20xx, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of "the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties".Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a"beggar emperor" for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals。