大学英语写作讲义【突破英语考试资料】
英语写作突破 - 上海师范大学
英语写作突破04530041任课教师：张炜（讲师）课程简介：本课程主要针对将参加英语雅思考试和大学英语六级考试的学生，提高他们的英语写作能力。
课程瞄准学生在高级英语考试写作项中存在的问题和困难，介绍了英语雅思大学和英语六级作文主要出现的题型，使学生熟悉和了解写作考试的主要题型和内容，在写出正确英语句子的前提下让自己的表达和写作结构更完美和成熟。
本课程主要分为两个部分：一为图形写作；二为大作文（议论文和说明文写作）。
主要讲述了不同英语题型和题目的写作方法并提供大量的写作样文，让学生通过课堂讲解和课后阅读，了解写作的规范性并加以学习。
同时让学生同过一定量的课后写作练习，教师认真批改学生的写作作业，让学生看到自己的写作问题，不断改进语言和作文的结构，掌握英语图表写作和大作文写作的技巧，提高自己的实际英语写作能力。
此外，课程还根据不同的主题和写作要求提出了写作套路，让学生能合理运用，减少写作的难度；并对雅思考试的写作真题和部分六级全真写作试题进行讲解和讨论，对优秀范文进行分析，让学生参考，以发现自己的不足，确定自己在英语写作上的目标。
教师简介：姓名：张炜学历：博士研究生学位：博士学位毕业学校：上海外国语大学专业：英语语言文学职称：讲师本人是外国语学院的一名中青年教师，具有较高的业务水平和较强的教学能力，教学经验丰富，治学严谨，兢兢业业，于1996年获取上海师范大学英语语言文学硕士学位。
并于1996年硕士毕业留校任教。
2005年考入上海外国语大学英语学院博士，攻读英语测试学，并于2008年获取上海外国语大学英语语言文学博士学位。
本人主要担任英语专业本科二年级综合英语教学，专业四级测试教学，专业四年级高级听力和试题设计教学，以及学校的文修课程（欧美流行歌曲欣赏和英语写作突破课程）教学。
本人能坚持做到根据大纲和教材的要求，从学生的具体情况分析，有针对性地设计教案，坚持结合实际认真备课，并且和学生保持课堂互动和情感交流。
新突破大学英语综合教程2资料-unit2
Unit Two Reading BooksPart One W arming-upListening Activity1Directions:Listen to the following dialogues and fill in the blanks with the missing words.Dialogue 1Cindy: Hey, James. What are you up to?James: I’m just watching some television.Cindy: I’m so bored. I don’t know what I’m going to do today and it is only ten in the morning.James: Me too. Do you think we are boring people?Cindy: I don’t think we are boring. It’s just that we don’t have any hobbies. James: That’s right. What do you think we should do as a hobby?Cindy: That all depends on what you like to do. For example, I like to doodle on the notepad, so I’m thinking about doing some real drawings.James: I like to play the piano for fun.Cindy: Y eah. That can be a good hobby.James: Ho bbies are great. I’m going to make a list of all the things I like to do. Cindy: That’s a great idea. I’m going to do the same.Dialogue 2Janet: Wow, this gym is great! What a fantastic workout!Susan: Y es, I like coming here very much. What other sports can you do?Janet: Well, I can play tennis, I can do a little karate and I go windsurfing in the summer.Susan: Y ou’re very fit! I can’t do many sports. I like coming to the gym because the exercises are easy.Janet: Listen, I have an idea. Why don’t you come to karate class with me? Susan: No, I can’t do karate…Janet: …but you can learn! Karate is a great sport. How about coming with me on Saturday?Susan: Well, …OK.Janet: Great, why don’t we meet at my house at 10 in the morning?Susan: Sure, that’s a good idea. By the way, what other hobbies do you have? Janet: I like going to the cinema, and reading a little.Susan: Do you like cooking, or baking?Janet: No, I can’t cook. I’m a horrible cook!Susan: Oh, I love cooking. I tell you what. Why don’t we cook lunch after karate class?Janet: That’s a great idea!Susan: OK, karate and lunch on Saturday. It’s a date!2Directions: Listen to the following passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.Nowadays people have more leisure time than they used to do. A long weekend provides people with more leisure time to do what they like to do.Most people have personal interests which they pursue in their spare time in order to keep themselves amused. They go in for something not because they want to kill time but because they want to make better use of spare time. We call these hobbies. What people take up as their hobbies depends on their individual interests. It also depends on how much time and how much money they have got. Some people like watching TV in their spare time. Some people prefer to rest, doing nothing at all. People with more money could take up a more expensive hobby like golf, for example.3Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.1. CW: Excuse me, where is the meeting room?M: On the fourteenth floor.Q: Which floor is the meeting room?2. DM: Do you know which floor does your teacher live on?W: Y es, I do. She lives on the third floor.Q: Where does your teacher live on?3. AW: Could you please show me the way to the lab?M: Ok. It’s on the second floor.Q: Where is the lab?Reading ActivityKeys: 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. APart Two Reading AA. About the AuthorLouis Shores (1904–1981) was a noted librarian who worked for the promotion of the library as the center of all learning, in both public and academic institutions. Shores was the third of five children of Paul and Ernestine (Lutenberg) Steinberg. Both immigrants, Paul was painter specializing in portraits, while Ernestine supported the household as a seamstress.When he graduated from high school in 1922, Shores attended the University of Toledo. Louis changed his last name from Steinberg to Shores in 1926.B. Warm-up Discussion1. Do you read frequently?2. When do you love to read? Why?3. What kind of books do you love to read?4. Do you read all the books at the same speed?C. StructurePart I Paras. 1--3 If one keeps on reading for 15 minutes every day, he can readabout 20 books a year.Part II Paras. 4--8 The two examples of those who keep on reading every day.Part III Para. 9 The conclusion--find our own 15-minute period each day andstart reading now.D. Detailed Study of the Text1. Y ou also cannot attain that speed if the books are in science, mathematics, or any subject that is new or unfamiliar to you. (Para. 1)If the books are about science, mathematics, or any other subject which you have never known about or you are not familiar with, yo u can’t read the book with the speed of 300 words a minute.2. After a while he simply could not fall asleep until he had done his 15 minutes of reading. (Para. 4)After a period of time, if he did not read 15 minutes before he went to bed, he could hardly go to sleep.n ot … until…: until is used in negative sentences, indicating that the action begins.e.g. The boy didn’t go to sleep until 11 o’clock last night.Don’t get off the bus until it stops.3. At the command “rest!” I saw one man pull out a paper pocket book and begin to read. (Para. 7)Immediately after the order ―rest!‖ was given, I saw one soldier take a paper pocket book out from his pocket and begin to read.E. Translation of the Text如何找出时间阅读如果你是一个普通读者，你可以以每分钟300字的速度读一本普通的书。
新突破大学英语综合教程2资料-unit3
Unit Three Little ThoughtsPart One W arming-upListening Activity1Directions:Listen to the following dialogues and fill in the blanks with the missing words.Dialogue 1Mary: Hi, Liu Y ong. I didn’t see you at work this morning. Are you all right?Liu Y o ng: Oh, I feel miserable. I’ve got a bad cold. My head is dizzy and my nose is running.Mary: Oh, I feel sorry to hear that. Have you seen a doctor or taken any medicines? Liu Y ong: As a matter of fact, I have. The doctor said it’ll go away after a day or two.He’s prescribed me some tablets.Mary: Are you feeling better?Liu Y ong: Yes, it helps me a lot now.Mary: Do you want me to come by today?Liu Y ong: OK, if it’s not too much trouble for you.Mary: Of course not. I’ll take you some fruits, too.Liu Y ong: Y ou are so kind. Thank you very much.Dialogue 2Mike: Long time no see! Y ou look not so good, are you alright?Linda: Oh, I always feel tired these days. And I have a bad sleep.Mike: It is necessary for you to keep health, so you need to do some exercise. Linda: But I do not know the right method to keep fit.Mike: I will try my best to help you. Do you go on a diet these days?Linda: Y es, because I want to lose weight.Mike: Then you should follow the right way instead of having the crash diet. Cras h diet is not good for your health. If you want to lose weight in a proper way, you should know that you mustn’t eat the food with much oil and fat. Y ou should eat the low-calorie food like apple, chicken, fish and so on.Linda: And what can I do about my sleep?Mike: The average adult needs eight hours sleep per night. If you can’t sleep, get up and do something active.Linda: Thank you very much. I’ll follow your advice.2Directions: Listen to the following passage and finish the exercises after it.The passage will be spoken two times. You must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a weight problem. Some people think the reason is clear---they eat too much. But the scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we can find that people were thinner than today, but they ate more food than us. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machin es much less and didn’t watch TV.Several modern studies, such as a study of 3,545 London office workers in 1979, report that fat people eat less than thin people.Studies show that thin people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University found the following interesting facts: the more the men run, the more their body fat lost; the more they run, the more food they need; those who run the most eat the more and lose the greatest amount of body fat.1. C2. D3. C4. A5. A3Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.1. BW: Good afternoon. Can I help you?M: I’d like a single room with bath.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?2. DM: Let’s see. I’ll take the mushroom soup and sour cream salad.W: I’m not too hungry. Just give me a hamburger.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3. CW: Good afternoon. Can I help you?M: Y es. I’d like to cash a traveler’s check please.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?Reading Activity1. D2. C3. D4. C5. APart Two Reading AA. About the AuthorCaroline Jalango is an ex-lawyer, life strategist and motivational coach for women who want to do better for themselves. As a coach, she draws on her diverse personal and professional experiences to provide practical life changing information and strategies that help her clients jump-start and transform their lives from that of mere existence into rewarding ones infused with purpose, action and fulfilled dreams. She also conducts seminars and workshops for groups and organizations that support women’s personal, professional and socio-economic development, self-esteem and so forth.B. Warm-up Discussion1. What do you know about thought?2. If you have a little thought, what do you usually do?3. Are the little thoughts useful?4. How should people treat the little thoughts?C. StructurePart I Paras. 1-2 The introduction of the topic.Part II Paras. 3-11 The suggestion about what we should do when we havesome little thoughts.Part III Para. 12 The conclusion.D. Detailed Study of the Text1. …suddenly a light bulb is turned on in the dark tunnel of your mind as a thought or an idea crosses your mind. (Para. 3)…when a thought or an idea suddenly appears in your mind, it makes an impression.2. The thought catches your attention, but it seems very meaningless and you are tempted to get rid of it. (Para. 3)Y ou will be attracted by the thought, but yo u don’t think this thought is significant and you are trying to get rid of it.3. That thought could be the potential beginning of the success that you have so much yearned for. (Para. 4)That thought could be the possible beginning of the success and that kind of success is what you have hoped to get in your deep heart.yearn for (someone or something): to have a strong, often melancholy desire forsomeone or something; to long for someoneor something; to desire someone orsomething stronglye.g. The sailors out at sea yearned for their families.Mary yearned for a big bowl of high-butterfat ice cream.4. As the thought crosses your mind, your senses become alert and you suddenly see a possibility, a realization, a solution, a conclusion, or find the answer to a problem whose solution has long eluded you. (Para. 4)When the thought occurs to you, you become very intellectually active and you suddenly see that it may be a possibility, a realization, a solution, a conc lusion, or maybe you suddenly solve a problem that you have failed to find the solution to it for a long time.cross one’s mind: (also pass through one’s mind) (of a thought) suddenly occur to one, especially for a short period of timee.g. It never crossed my mind that they would turn the proposal down.It crossed her mind that he might have gotten lost.It had not crossed Flora’s mind that they might need payment.elude: (of an idea or fact) fail to be understood or remembered by (someone)e.g. This fact sometimes eludes the people writing about it.Some of the more technical details eluded him, but he understood most of what his companions were saying.However, one important fact has eluded you: If you take this job, how much will you be paid?5. It is almost as if a divine being has whispered the perfect solution into your ear or awakened your senses to a reality thereby bringing illumination to your life. (Para. 5)It seems that God has told you the solution to a reality secretly, and then it brings enlightenment to your life.illumination: spiritual or intellectual enlightenmente.g. Socrates was put to death, but the Socratic philosophy rose like the sun inheaven, and spread its illumination over the whole intellectual firmament.6. This becomes an aha moment and everything freezes around you as you excitedly try to grasp the practicality of that little but powerful thought. (Para.6)This moment becomes a happy one. It seems that everything around you becomes motionless when you try to understand the practical use of that little but powerful thought in a very enthusiastic and eager manner. At that moment, you would not pay attention to anything around you because your focus is that thought.an aha moment: a moment of sudden insight or discoverye.g. He had an aha moment when looking at my medications past and present freeze: become suddenly motionless or paralyzed with fear or shocke.g. For a moment, there was silence in the center of Potters Bar as everyone nearbyfroze at the shock of the noise.A schoolgirl told how she froze with fear as she was allegedly troubled by adrunken man in an early hours attack.While the two other women ran, Linda testified that she froze, fearing she would be shot.7. When you become conscious of the great possibilities that can arise if that littlethought is acted upon, your self-confidence and enthusiasm will increase. (Para. 7)When you realize that there will be the great possibility if that little thought is put into practice, you will become very confident and enthusiastic.act upon/on: take action according to or in the light of; to take action on a particular problem. (upon is more formal and less commonly used thanon.)e.g. Last but not least, the new mayor said that he would also be acting on asuggestion by Cllr. Browning.We really do welcome your suggestions and try to act on them when possible.This was because his role in that came to light too late for the Hutton inquiry to act on it.8. This becomes the moment to build upon that thought and to write down any ideas that are streaming from that little thought for later review. (Para. 7)It is time to write down any ideas that appear in your mind based on that little thought because later you can review them when necessary.stream:(of a mass of people or things) move in a continuous flow in a specified directione.g. He was watching the taxis streaming past.I do not expect to see lines of refugees streaming to the borders.People are streaming past the windows in both directions.Soon a long line of tractors streamed over the lone bridge connecting Kosovo with Albania.9. When they are acted upon, seemingly meaningless little thought or ideas havea potential to explode into great projects. (Para. 8)The little thoughts once seemed very meaningless, but when they are put into practice, they may have the capacity to become great projects.potential: (n. often potential for/to do something) the possibility of something happening or of someone doing something in the futuree.g. They were of course unaware of the latent potential for economic growth justaround the corner.It has experienced strong growth in the past three years and has good potentialfor future growth.More to the point still, is this potential to anger particularly strong in the media?10. Many successful projects have been born from the little positive thoughts that were carefully nurtured and recognized as tickets to great things. (Para. 9) Many successful projects have grown up from the little thoughts. The little positive thoughts were carefully protected while they are growing into meaningful ones. They were regarded as the methods to achieve great things.nurture: v. care for and protect (someone or something) while they are growing e.g. They also want to maintain their carefully nurtured relationships withindividual solicitors.Doherty took the rural heartlands and has so carefully nurtured over the pastfour years.11. in a flash (Para. 10)(or: like a flash) very quickly; immediatelye.g. She was out of the back door in a flash.I closed the door quickly and like a flash.It happened in a flash. Suddenly my wallet was gone.12. follow something through (Para. 12)continue an action or task to its conclusione.g. Lamont follows this argument through to its logical conclusion.Finally, we do individual sessions to follow people through a full task, to make certain it’s working the way they want it to.I had to follow it through to its conclusion or semi-conclusion.E. Translation of the Text你在忽略那些小想法吗?-------卡罗琳·加兰果你曾经想到过的那个绝妙的主意后来怎样了？你是否因为觉得那只是个小小的念头而将其忽略了呢？你是否考虑过，如果你依照直觉行事，或是多用点心，当初那个小小的念头将会变成怎样？想象这样一个场景：你正坐在家里看电视或看书，一个想法或念头闪过脑际，令你眼前一亮，豁然开朗。
大学英语六级写作四十天突破—讲义与笔记
大学英语六级写作四十天突破—讲义与笔记教习过好几门课程，深感写作这一课是最难教的，危乎高哉!写作之难难于上青天。
一夫当关，万夫莫开。
同学学习英语写作多时，大多不能迥脱蹊径之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。
于是我悲观起来，认定文不行以教而能。
虽说文字和技法可以也应当教一些，俾同学邯郸学步，渐次入门，但就本质特征而论，写作远不只是一个章法和技巧的问题，而是气之所行，是皮相之下很多深层主观因素的综合，是一个厚积薄发的养成过程。
这些主观因素，在我看来，体现在国内的英语写作考试当中只局限于素心烂读的积累。
Reading makes a full man.这是英国学者的传世之言，我们的祖先说读书破万卷，下笔如有神。
我们赞美一篇文章，往往是由于我们被文章中的语言所吸引、所制服：语汇丰富、句式整齐、语言或精练或华丽，句式支配娴熟自如，自然流畅;而者只能来自于reading。
但是我们已没有那么多的时间去读了，于是乎，语言的总结就变得极其必要!要归纳记叙文中美丽、地道的语言是困难的，但是要归纳论说文这个各种英语考试的作文类型中的语言不是不行能的。
论说文是由开头、结尾、启转、分析、举例、比较等部分所组成的，其中都有些固定而美丽的句型来表达。
由于这些句型都是地道的英语，是经过千锤百炼，且能表达论说文写作中的不同意思，若能把以论说文为主的当代英语essays中的这些句型摘录归纳成类，供读者参考，无疑是能有助于提高英语写作的语言水平。
效仿和学用美丽和地道的英语表达法或句型并不是可耻的事。
地道的英语不应是你用学过的词汇和语法规章按某个意思苦苦思索造出来的，地道的英语应是你把英美人对这个意思的习惯说法用到你自己的文章上来的。
该讲义收集了论说文常用的一些句型，与六级考试的一些文章结构模式;盼望同学们能以此为依据，Practice makes perfect，达到熟能生巧的境界，从而在六级考试作文部分获得抱负的分数!写作原则内容简洁化结构模式化(主题句-分论点-总结)语言要包装错误要回避万能理由：1、便利：convenient/convenience2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency3、节约和铺张：save time/money/space; economical, thriftwaste time/money/space; costly, lavish4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable,perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6、消遣：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax教习过好几门课程，深感写作这一课是最难教的，危乎高哉!写作之难难于上青天。