英语国家社会文化之美国经济-US-economyppt课件

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Eli Whitney Gun Factory
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--- 1913, the auto-maker Henry Ford introduced the "moving assembly" line.
--- concepts of "scientific management" helped to lower the costs of production still further.
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Limited liability
It is a concept that the value of a person's investment in a company or partnership with limited liability.
If a company with limited liability is sued, then the plaintiffs(原告) are suing the company, not its owners or investors. A shareholder(股东) in a limited company is not personally liable for any of the debts of the company, other than for the value of their investment in that company. usually that person‘s dividends(股息) in the company being zero, since the company has no profits to allocate.
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An Assembly Line
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---Lower costs made possible both higher wages for workers and lower prices for consumers.
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Five Major Developments
3. New technology in industrial tasks ◦ steam engine—replace water turbines ◦ Steam boats; locomotives; textile industry, after 1860 ◦ Inventions in 19th & 20th century ◦ Result: economic activities increased
modern economics and capitalism.
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Two Greenhouses for Industrial Growth in U.S.
1. Political leaders’ decisions Alexander Hamilton & protective tariff
2. Immigration population from Europe ◦ sensitive with revolution ◦ American industrial development’s needs --skilled artisans, labor scarce --new method welcomed
Adam Smith was a Scottish social philosopher and a
pioneer of political economy. The Wealth of Nations, is considered
as the first modern work of economics. Smith is widely cited as the father of
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Five Major Developments
1. Introduction of the factory system the first factory in U.S., 1793 by Samuel Slater ◦Cotton cloth factory ◦The Northeastern region: the manufacturing center ◦The Southern region: cotton plant base ◦The result: US-a major cotton producer
US Chapter
Economy
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Brainstorm
Do you know any American company or brand? What are they famous for?
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Colonial period
North
South
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Industrial Revolution
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Industrial Revolution
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Slater Mill
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A Cotton Office in 1873
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2. Mass production
Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.
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The 19th Century:can you name these inventions?
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The 20th Century
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Five Major Developments
4. New forms of business organizations ◦ the first American commercial bank, 1780s ◦ 1863, standard paper currency ◦ Corporation vs. sole proprietorship and the partnership ◦ One distinguished feature of corporation: limited liability (Co.Ltd.)
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the "American system" of mass production --- Eli Whitney made cotton proHale Waihona Puke Baiduuction more efficient by inventing a machine—the cotton gin
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--- began manufacturing rifles in a new way