英语八年级上册知识讲义 方位介词和指路、问路

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方位介词和指路、问路
【考向解读】
中考中对方位介词和指路、问路的考查主要集中在:
1. 熟练掌握常用方位介词的基本用法
2. 理解所学介词的一般用法
3. 熟练掌握功能语言——问路和指路
中考中题型和大体分值:听力 (1~2分)
单选(1分)
写句子(1分)
写作(1分)
阅读理解(1~2分)
【重点点拨】
一、知识精讲
(一)方位介词
1. 什么是介词?什么是方位介词?
介词又称前置词,它不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语构成介词短语才能充当句子成分。

方位介词是介词中的一种,方位介词是用来表示两个事物之间的方位关系的介词。

它是一种常用的介词。

【例句】
My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。

The cat is under my chair. 那只猫在我的椅子下。

【典例】
The broom is ______the door.
答案:behind
思路分析:判断笤帚在门的什么位置,应该在门的后边
2. 常见的方位介词。

(1)基础的方位介词
方位介

意思和用法例句
on 表示在某物的上面,指与某物体相接触。

The picture is on the wall. 那张图片挂在墙上。

under 表示在某物垂直的正下方,两者之间不接触The book is under the desk. 那本书在桌子下。

behind 表示在某物的后面There is a tree behind the
house.房子后面有棵树。

in 表示在场所、地点或位置里,意为“在……之内”、“在……里
面”Your pencil is in the pencil-box.
你的铅笔在铅笔盒里。

In front of 表示“在……的前面”,与 behind
恰好相反
My brother stands in front of my
mother.
我弟弟站在我妈妈的前面。

near 表示在某物的附近,意为“接近,靠近”Our school is near the lake. 我们的学校位于湖畔。

over 表示在某物的垂直正上方,与under 正好相反The light is over my bed. 灯在我的床的正上方。

at 表示“在……”We will meet at the gate.
我们在大门口见。

用适当的介词填空:
1. You can’t see the ball. It’s ______ the door.
答案:behind
思路分析:由于是找不到球,因此判断球在门的后边。

2. A bird is singing ________ the tree.
答案:in
思路分析:鸟是落在树上唱歌的。

3. —Where is the light? —It’s just _______ the table.
答案:over
思路分析:灯正好在桌子正上方,二者间并不接触。

4. The children are playing hide-and-seek. Jim is hiding himself __________ the wardrobe.
答案:in
思路分析:孩子们玩躲猫猫,故Jim把自己藏在衣橱里边。

5. What’s _______ the desk?
答案:in/on/under/behind/in front of
思路分析:本题是一道开放性试题。

(2)要求理解和掌握的方位介词
1.Don’t sit _________ the two girls.
答案:between
思路分析:因为是坐在两个女孩之间,故填between
2. The sunshine got into the classroom _________ the window.
答案:through
思路分析:句意:“阳光穿过窗户进入教室。


3. The teacher is standing ___________ the classroom.
答案:in the front of
思路分析:句意:“老师站在教室的前部。


4. The temperature will stay ______ zero in the daytime, but it will stay _____ zero at night.
答案:above below
思路分析:设空处分别表示温度在零度以上和零度以下。

5. Shall we meet ________ (外面) the gate of the cinema?
答案;outside
思路分析:句意:我们在电影院门口见好吗? e
6. The hospital is _______ (对面)a bank.
答案:opposite
思路分析:句意:医院在银行的对面。

(二)指路、问路
1. 问路的方法:
(1) Excuse me, how can I get to...?
【例句】
Excuse me, how can I get to the hospital?
对不起打搅一下,我如何才能到达医院?
(2) Could (Can) you tell me how to get to…?
【例句】
Could (can) you tell me how to get to the school?
你能告诉我如何到达学校吗?
(3) Could (Can) you show me the way to …?
【例句】
Could (Can) you show me the way to the cinema?
你能帮我指出去电影院的路吗?
(4) Would (Will) you tell me how to get to …?
【例句】
Would (Will) you tell me how to get to the book shop?
你愿意告诉我怎么到达那个书店吗?
(5) Excuse me, where is the nearest …?
【例句】
Excuse me, where is the nearest bus stop?
对不起打搅一下,最近的公交车站在哪?
(6) Excuse me, is there …near here?
【例句】
Excuse me, is there a supermarket near here?
对不起打搅一下,附近有超市吗?
(7) Excuse me, do you know the way to …?
【例句】
Excuse me; do you know the way to the university?
对不起打搅一下, 你知道去往那所大学的路吗?
(8) Excuse me, which is the way to …?
【例句】
Excuse me, which is the way to the station?
对不起打搅一下,哪条路是去往火车站的?
【典例】
根据句意,补充句子,完成指路问句。

1. Could you tell me ___ ____ ____ the park?
2. Do you know ___ ___ ___ ___ the park?
3. ______ is the park, please?
4. ____ can I ____ ____ the park?
5. ____ _____ a park near here?
答案:1. the way to 2. how to get to 3. Where 4. How, get to 5. Is there
思路分析:根据问路的方法来判断每个句型的答案。

2. 常用的回答方法
(1) go straight 一直走
(2) turn left 左转
(3) turn right 右转
(4) on the right/left 在右边/左边
(5) at the end of…在……的尽头
(6) go/ walk along 沿着……走
(7) between… and…在……之间
(8) go past …经过……
(9) take the elevator to the second floor 坐电梯到二楼
(10) turn left on the second traffic light 在第二个红绿灯处左转
(11) It’s over there. 在那边。

(12) It’s about 400meters from here. 离这大约400米远。

(13)You can’t miss it. 你不会错过你要找的地方的。

(14)You can take bus No.103. 你可以乘坐103路公交车。

(15)You’d better take a taxi. 你最好打车去。

(16)Sorry I don’t know, I’m a stranger here. 对不起,我不知道。

我是外地人。

【典例】
完成对话
A:Excuse me ,where is Xinhua Bookstore?
B: Well, go _______ Beijing Road. Take the third turning _____the left. Walk up the street and you can see Xinhua Bookstore on the right, ________the post office and the drug store.
A: How long will it take me to get there?
B: It’ll _______you nearly half an hour to walk there.
A: Can I take a bus there?
B: ___________________.
A: Which bus shall I take?
B: No.3 bus. Walk on and you’ll see the bus stop, in ________of the shopping mall.
A: It is very nice of you._____________.
B: My pleasure.
答案:along on between take Yes, you can front Thank you
思路分析:按照指路的回答方式,在语境下,可以很好地完成这个对话。

二、难点聚焦
方位介词用法辨析
(1)方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起
【例句】
The pencil case is on the table. 铅笔盒在桌子上。

over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”
【例句】
Is there any bridge over the river? 河的上边有桥吗?
above表示一般的“高于……”,“在……之上”
【例句】
There was an electric clock above his bed.
有个电子钟在他的床的上部。

【典例】
There is a clock on the wall. It is _________ the blackboard.
A. on
B. above
C. over
D. in
答案:B
思路分析:句意:在黑板上边的墙上有个表。

(2)方位介词under与below的用法辨析
under是over的反义词,即“在……下方”
【例句】
They were seen under the tree. 他们在树下被看见了。

below是above的反义词,即“低于……”,“在……之下”
【例句】
They live below us. 他们的生活不如我们。

【典例】
The boat is passing ________ the bridge.
A. through
B. under
C. below
D. across
答案:C
思路分析:句意:船从桥的下边通过。

(3)方位介词across、through、past的用法辨析
across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。

【例句】
She went across the street.
她穿过了马路。

through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。

【例句】
The sunlight was coming in through the window.
阳光从窗户进来了。

past表示“从面前经过”
【例句】
Jim has just gone past the window.
Jim 刚从窗户前经过。

【典例】
A mother camel was walking with her son _________ the desert.
A. across
B. along
C. pass
D. through
答案:D
思路分析:穿过沙漠。

三、笔记
(一)巧记方位介词
介词加宾语,才能有实意。

表、定、状、宾、补,短语在句里。

in 在……里,out在……外,在旁边的是beside,靠近的为by。

on在……上,under在……下,above在上头,below在底下。

(二)记住问路的方法,到哪都丢不了。

1. Should I go this way, or that way?
我是走这条路还是那条路?
2. How much further is it?
还要走多远?
3. I’m new here.
我是第一次来这儿。

4. Could you tell me the best way to get to this address?
请问,到这个地方去怎么走最好?
5. Cross the street and go ahead.
过马路,一直往前走。

6. Turn right at the second crossing.
到第二个十字路口往右拐。

7. It’ll take you no more than ten minutes to walk there.
用不了10分钟你就走到那儿了。

8. You’re going in the opposite direction.
你方向走反了。

【举一反三】
一、完成句子
1. 梅梅坐在我的前面,我坐在她的后面。

______________________________________
2. 床下有双运动鞋。

3. 教室前部有张大桌子。

4. 许多鸟正从我们的头上飞过。

5. 桥下有条河。

答案:
1. Meimei sits in front of me and I sit behind her.
2. There is a pair of trainers under the bed.
3. A big table is in the front of the classroom.
4. A lot of birds are flying over our heads.
5. There is a river under the bridge.
思路分析:
1. 对方位介词 in front of 和behind的考查
2. 对方位介词under的应用的考查。

3. 对方位介词in front of和in the front of的区别的考查。

4. 对方位介词over的理解和应用的考查。

5. 对方位介词under的理解和应用的考查。

二、单项选择:
1. In Zhejiang there will be a new bridge over 30 kilometers long _______Ningbo and Jiaxing.
A. beside
B. between
C. next to
D. from
答案:B
思路分析:大桥是介于两个城市之间。

2. Be careful when you go_____ the street because the traffic is very busy at the moment.
A. across
B. behind
C. between
D. over
答案:A
思路分析:句意:当你过马路的时候要小心,因为此时的交通很繁忙。

从表面穿过是go across,故答案是A
3. Do you know_____ the supermarket?
A. the way of
B. the way to
C. where
D. which way is
答案:B
思路分析:句意:你知道去超市的那条路吗?
4. —Excuse me, could you tell me_____?
—Sorry, I’m new here, too.
A. where is the nearest bank
B. how can I get to the bank
C. which is the way to the bank
D. is there a bank near here
答案:C
思路分析:句意:你能告诉我哪条路是通往银行的路吗,且为陈述语序。

故答案是C。

5. The birds fly ______ the woods.
A. above
B. on
C. under
D. inside
答案:A
思路分析:句意:鸟在树林上空飞翔,表示“在……之上”,用above。

6. Miss Gao is standing _____ all her students.
A. between
B. middle
C. centre
D. among
答案:D
思路分析:位于多者之间,用among。

7. Two planes are flying ______ the city.
A. through
B. on
C. over
D. below
答案:C
思路分析:句意:两架飞机飞过城市的上方。

8. The boy stood _______the window, watching the leaves.
A. in
B. on
C. by
D. to
答案:C
思路分析:句意:那个男孩站在窗边欣赏树叶。

【课后练习】
(答题时间:45分钟)
一、完成对话
A: Excuse me, sir. Could you please tell me how to get to the zoo?
B: Sorry____. I’m new here.______.
A: Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the zoo?
C: Go along this street until you reach the second traffic lights, and then turn left. At the end of the street, you will see the zoo.
A: _______.
C: Yes, you can.
A: ________.
C: You can take the No.6 bus.
A: Thank you very much.
C: ______________
二、单项选择
*1. _____the bank is a big supermarket, we often go shopping there.
A. Cross from
B. Across in
C. Cross in
D. Across from
*2. ——Where’s the bookshop ,please?
——_____and turn right.
A. Straight go on
B. Go on straight
C. On straight go
D. Go straight on
*3. Japan lies____ the east of China.
A. on
B. to
C. in
D. with
*4. The river runs _______ the small city.
A. across
B. through
C. from
D. over
*5. He is _________ the greatest scientists in the world.
A. among
B. between
C. in
D. for
【参考答案】
一、完成对话
C A E B F
二、单项选择
*1. D *2. D *3. B *4. B *5. A
【难题解析】
*1. 从银行那过去就是一个超市,介词短语作形式主语。

*2. 指路的时候,表明“沿着这条路直行”的表达方法就是Go straight on。

*3. 日本和中国是相邻的,故用to表示这两个国家间的位置关系。

*4. 小河穿过这个小城市。

穿过用through表示,故选择B
*5. 他是世界上众多最伟大的科学家中的一个,表示三者或三者以上的之间用among.,故选择A。

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