2014届上海市闵行区高三三模冲刺理科语文试卷B

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2014级三学期语文试题及答案

秘密★启用前【考试时间2016年1月20日7:40—9:40】高中2014级第三学期末教学质量测试语文本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，其中试题卷由第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷组成，共6页；答题卡共6页。

满分100分，考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写清楚，同时用2B铅笔将考号准确填涂在“准考证号”栏目内。

2. 选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后再选涂其它答案；非选择题用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

3. 考试结束后将答题卡收回。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共18分）一、（8分，每小题2分）1. 下列词语中，书写和加点字的读音全都正确的一组是A．正．月（zhēng）胳．肢窝（gā）敛声摒气纨绔子弟B．庠．序（xiáng）徇．私情（xùn）笑靥如花未卜先知C．草窠．（kē）衣冠冢．（zhǒng）寻愁觅恨璀灿夺目D．孝悌．（dì）拗．不过（niù）磨牙吮血得意洋洋2.下列各句中，加点成语使用恰当的一句是A．在市民千呼万唤．．．．中开工的绵阳绕城高速公路起于磨家镇，终于永明镇，与成绵广高速和成绵高速公路复线形成枢纽互通。

B．教育专家就“如何打造美妙课堂”的问题高谈阔论．．．．，一线教师认为专家的思想切合实际，决心将其努力运用于教学实践。

C．皮肤瘙痒有多痛苦，对人的危害有多大，小明都经受过，治疗皮肤瘙痒的方法有多少，哪种效果最好，小明都洞若观火．．．．。

D．中美政府经济对话的一些成果现在看起来还微不可闻．．．．，但这些合作的草种有一天遇到机会的雨水，就会成为共赢的草原。

3. 下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．年轻人的一个明显优点就是不会由于世俗的约束而畏葸不前，而这种约束对于大多数成年人而言通常似乎又很难超越。

闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷答案

闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷答案预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷答案1.民间文艺本来滋养着主流文化，主流意识形态（1分）给予民间文艺前所未有的重视（1分）。

（从官媒、精英前所未有的重视民众、社区）。

2.介绍了二人转的三种类型及其特征。

3.承上启下。

上承民间艺术是与民众生活方式与习惯的关系（1分），下启民间文艺的雅俗问题（1分）。

（不分析，不给分）。

4.C5.D6.上述两种评论，虽有合理成分，但都失之偏颇。

（1分）我们既要倡导正面积极的健康的娱乐方式，也要考虑民众娱乐多层次的需求，媒介社会是个体、异质、多元的，民众需要新颖、新鲜、刺激。

周立波的“海派清口”来自民间艺术，在艺术的园地里，什么艺术都有自己识别、选择、平衡的机制。

我们不应一刀切地给“海派清口”定性，只有实现多元发展，民众才会自主选择。

（引用文中观点1分；分析现象1分；结论1分；表达准确、逻辑严密1分）7.该句将人进入睡眠的内心状态比喻为洞穴（1分），突出了这种状态无法控制、隐秘、深不可测的特点（1分），把作者对人在睡梦中的情境的独特感受表现了出来，形象而生动（1分）。

8. “弥漫”有像雾一般笼罩一切、连续不断（充满、遍布、到处都是）等特点（1分），它把无法看见的梦形象化了，化抽象为具体（1分），生动地写出了睡眠中的梦境且无拘无束的特点（1分）。

9.承上启下（1分），承接上文梦具有无法控制、无拘无束、放任不羁的特点（1分），引出下文写出了梦境和内心世界的关系，为后文表达主旨作铺垫（1分）。

10.这里的捕梦网只是一种商品、流水线上的产品（1分）；印第安人的捕梦网则充满神奇色彩，蕴含丰富的文化底蕴，表达了印第安人美好的祝福（1分），所以作者认为二者一种是物质的呈现一种是精神上的追求，不可同日而语（1分）。

11.C12.本文的主旨是借捕梦网的传说，表达了对现代人面对困境时内心不安宁、精神力量薄弱、缺乏安全感的无可奈何的处境的忧虑。

上海市闵行区2014届高三上学期期末考试[2014上海闵行一模]及答案

闵行区2013学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚。

答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求填涂，主观题用黑色水笔书写。

2. 本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，共12页。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He’s a mechanic. B. He’s a taxi driver.C. He’s a salesman.D. He’s an engineer.2. A. Her son’s health. B. Her son’s studies.C. Her son’s poor grades.D. Her son’s ability for the job.3. A. The man also needs new tennis shoes.B. The man is out of shape.C. The man doesn’t need some new balls.D. The man spent too much on his tennis shoes.4. A. He is learning about advertising. B. He is the new advertising manager.C. He is interviewing the woman.D. He is waiting for an interview.5. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C. The man is meeting the woman in stead of Mr. Brown.D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.6. A. Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B. Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C. The man can hardly understand Alice’s presentation.D. The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation.7. A. It is typical December weather for this region.B. It won’t snow until December.C. There has never been much snow down South.D. Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.8. A. He has too many dreams. B. He likes to sleep.C. He doesn’t have many ideas.D. He doesn’t put his idea into practice.9. A. She prefers chemistry. B. She hasn’t got a partner yet.C. She is too tired of chemistry.D. She is too busy to work on her chemistry.10. A. If the game is held there the team will lose.B. If the game is held there the team will win.C. It makes no difference since the team will lose.D. It makes no difference since the team will win.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The common characteristic of Hollywood films.B. The main character in action films.C. The conflict between two men in the film.D. The most interesting story of Hollywood films.12. A. The main character is worth believing.B. The main character is interested in fight.C. The main character used to be humble.D. The main character undergoes a change.13. A. We can learn how bad persons can improve themselves.B. We can learn how to deal with people.C. We can understand life a little better.D. We can find better ways to cope with conflicts.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The increasing cost of living. B. A shortage of certain goods.C. A not-large-enough income.D. Nothing is left over to put away.15. A. The workers are getting lower and lower wages.B. The government makes no effort.C. People demand more and better goods.D. There are always shortages of goods.16. A. It helps merchants to produce more goods.B. It helps the workers to earn more money.C. It helps people to make his income meet the cost of living.D. It helps the government to battle the increasing cost of living.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be readtwice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with theinformation you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.What must people do to live in a universityThey must make (21)________ before May 1st. house for the next year?Where does the woman plan to live nextShe has been thinking of living (22)_________. year?What’s the woman’s ideal living condition? A (23)_________ place of her own.What does the man seem to be moreHe seems to be concerned about (24)________. concerned about?Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however,we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?(25)______ immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share anumber of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth (26) ______ (talk) about. A hero has a story of adventure to telland a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage(高电压)transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down (27) ______ ______ it canbe used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero (28) ______ (experience) life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? (29) ______ the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, (30) ______ who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India (31) ______ still be part of the British Empire. (32) ______ may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.(B)When young people get their real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situation. They may find that everything is different from the way things (33) ______ (be) at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can’t be the only preparation for all of the different situations (34) ______ appear in the working world.Perhaps the best way (35) ______ (learn) how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is (36) ______ you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he acts when he is in trouble. Perhaps even (37) ______ (important), you will be able to see what his approach to everyday situations (38) ______ (be). While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like (39) ______ and how you can learn from his response to different situations. By (40) ______ (learn) from a model, you will probably begin to identify and learn good working habits.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the time that records have been kept of bird populations, 20 percent of all species have gone 41 . More are likely to follow. In March the 42 of a large-scale, 24-year survey gave one of the clearest pictures yet of the decline of Australian and Asian shorebirds, including the long-distance migrants (候鸟) that are most difficult to 43 . The results of the survey are awful.Every October for more than two decades, teams from the University of New South Wales in Australia counted birds from an airplane flown low over 130,000 square miles of wetlands in the eastern third of the continent. Their 44 showed a steady decline, beginning in the mid-1980s. By 2006 the number of migratory shorebirds had dropped by 73 percent and the number of Australia’s resident of shorebirds had fallen by 81 percent. “The45 of the decline took us by surprise,”says evolutionary ecologist Silke Nebel of the University of Western Ontario in London, the lead author of the report.The survey 46 that inland wetlands were more important to both resident and migratory birds than had been 47 , and that wetland loss from damming (筑坝) and the diversion (分散) of river water for irrigation was at least in part 48 for the shorebird decline in Australia. But wetlands are becoming smaller in countries all along the major flyway that 49 from eastern Siberia to New Zealand, the study’s authors note, so protecting the 8 million birds that use the corridor 50 will require an international solution.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre (大屠杀) on the road may be regarded as a(n) 51 problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting 52 , you might say. But it is a 53 both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the 54 go even beyond carelessness to total irresponsibility.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to (归因于) the 55 condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can affect drivers’ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be56 . The experts warn that it is 57 for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one’s emotions under control.Yet drivers are not the only ones to blame for the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem. Street walkers 58 break traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclists even 59 that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety 60 for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. 61 , speed limits have been lowered. Due to these62 , the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting 63 , say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task. It 64 constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a(n) 65 to those with whom they share the road.51. A. social B. practical C. emotional D. legal52. A. strangely B. fearlessly C. carelessly D. selfishly53. A. priority B. principle C. process D. system54. A. survivors B. victims C. suspects D. killers55. A. psychological B. current C. original D. different56. A. impossible B. evident C. avoidable D. serious57. A. abstract B. difficult C. unusual D. vital58. A. accidentally B. consequently C. regularly D. rarely59. A. accuse B. object C. acknowledge D. believe60. A. records B. standards C. proposals D. belts61. A. As a result B. No wonderC. In additionD. On the other hand62. A. measures B. rights C. experts D. warnings63. A. effect B. solution C. change D. achievement64. A. calls for B. aims at C. takes on D. turns to65. A. result B. argument C. threat D. informationSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)(You may read the questions first.)Calling forContributionsKeen to share your views and have your articles published in the Campus Link? Weare calling for contributions to the following sections:Lifestyle:Do you travel widely, keep a journal of your adventures and have nice photographs that you might want to share? Or have you simply been somewhere that caught your imagination? Tell us all about your travels! Are you an eager movie-goer? Be Leonard Maltin for the day and share your views of the latest blockbuster（大片）with our readers! If food is your preferred choice of relaxation, try your hand at being food critic and send us your views on food/restaurants worth trying. Research:If this noble line of work is your bread and butter or passion, we want to hear from you! Share with Campus Link your research developments and breakthroughs. If you know of someone (your schoolmate or teacher) whose research work is a source of inspiration for our community, do not hesitate to send in your suggestions!Class Notes:Whether it’s about your accomplishments, memories of campus days, your recent career or a new addition to your family, we welcomeyou to share your news, views and photos with friends and classmates through Class Notes. Read about your classmates in this issue of Campus Link.If you are interested in sharing any of the above, or if you know of someone worthy of feature, please get in touch with the Editor-in-Chief, at **********************.Contributions will be selected based on their relevance and quality and Campus Link reserves the right to publish or reject a submission（提交的文章）. All contributions will be edited for clarity and length. Please send your submissions in word.doc files and your photos in jpeg format. Contributions for the next issue should reach us by 10 June 2013.66. In the Lifestyle section, you may not find ____________.A. journals of travelsB. well-taken photographsC. stories of Leonard MaltinD. opinions on restaurants67. Which of the following is TRUE about Campus Link?A. It offers readers bread and butter.B. It welcomes research developments and breakthroughs.C. It helps you to recognize your schoolmates and teachers.D. It is a source of inspiration for the community.68. The poster aims to __________.A. declare the rights of Campus LinkB. introduce someone worthy of featureC. share views and articles among teachersD. encourage contributions for the next issue(B)As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.Paralyzed(使失去活力) by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell (魔咒).According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world’s population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don’t delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent (过失的）in a society that thinks of speedy action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.69. From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _________.A. procrastination is beneficial to many studentsB. many students are under great pressure in their studyC. lots of college students work hard to write good essays on timeD. many students have the habit of delaying finishing their tasks70. Which behavior belongs to procrastination?A. Never dream away the time.B. Always complete the tasks ahead of time.C. Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.D. Always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”.71. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?A. Procrastination makes people waste their time.B. Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.C. Speedy action is considered as a moral standard in the society.D. Procrastination is common among people.72. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Measures to deal with procrastination.B. Approaches to handling the study pressures.C. More examples to illustrate procrastination.D. Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.(C)It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on by way of the group’s online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hurry of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia (安乐死). In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes (多米诺骨牌) to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death — probably by a deadly injection or pill —to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed(诊断) as Terminally Ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year- old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill Law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m n ot afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.73. Which of the following has the similar meaning to “But the tide is unlikely to turn back.”?A. What happened in Australia can change world history.B. It is impossible to pass the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill Law.C. Doctors are allowed by law to take the lives of the ill patients.D. That the Law has been passed probably can’t be changed.74. From the second paragraph we learn that __________.A. the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB. physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC. changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hurry passage of the lawD. it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage75. By saying “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”, the author means__________.A. observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB. similar bills are likely to be passed in the U.S., Canada and other countriesC. observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD. the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop76. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will __________.A. face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC. have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD. undergo a cooling off period of seven days77. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of __________.A. oppositionB. doubtC. approvalD. anxietySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ d esire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their cu stom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon emission(排放) has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as newrules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to convey clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When c ompanies are granted the standard, they can use a logo in all their marketing, which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is likely to influence shops on what to sell?79. A company may lose its regular customers unless ______________________.80. According to Harry Morrison, businesses will benefit from __________________.81. According to the last two paragraphs, companies can gain advantages by ____________.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 越来越多的年轻人花在网上浏览的时间比看书还多。

上海市闵行区2014-2015学年高三第二学期质量调研考试(二模)语文试卷带答案

闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷考生注意： 1．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名、准考证号、所在学校及班级等填写清楚。

2．所有试题的答案必须全部涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应，不能错位。

3．本试卷共6页。

满分150分。

考试时间150分钟。

一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。

（17分）心理测试测出了什么？ ①美国心理学会的茱莉亚〃德森的一句话粉碎了我们的希望，她说：‚目前传媒上出现的绝大多数的心理测试其实是一种娱乐休闲性质的游戏．．。

‛她介绍称，心理测试在专业领域被称为心理测量，是心理学研究的一项重要方法，其编制过程有一套科学的标准，结果有严格客观的解释。

‚我们通过观察人的少数有代表性的行为，对于贯穿在人的全部行为活动中的心理特点做出推论和数量化分析，它需要符合严格的统计学原理。

‛与之相比，时下流行的心理测试并没有严谨的科学性，往往只是心理测量的一部分或个别经过简单化的投射测验题，甚至完全与心理测量没有关系。

②抛开这些科学性不言，自得其乐的普罗大众估计很难认同她的观点，对于各类心理测试题结论认为非常准确的用户占52.3%，‚这没什么奇怪的，不过是福勒效应的又一个明证罢了。

‛茱莉亚这样回答。

③福勒效应，是心理学家福勒于1948年通过实验证明的一种心理学现象。

39份的兴趣诊断问卷，要求学生们列出自己的兴趣爱好，阅读喜好、个人特征等，一个星期后福勒完成对他们的评估并列出13条个性分析。

他要求学生先阅读各自的13条描述对自己来说是对还是错，如果不确定打问号，结果是几乎所有人都认为是准确的。

可事实是每个人拿到的个性评估都是一样的，这13句描述是从报摊的占星书籍中挑出来的笼统的、含糊的语句来迷惑他们。

这大概也是如此符合福勒效应的时下流行的心理测试在网络上流行很重要的原因吧。

④人们喜欢听到与自己有关的事情，渴望被赞美。

14年高考三卷语文试卷(含答案)

14年高考三卷语文试卷（含答案）下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!专业课原理概述部分一、选择题1. 下列哪个作品是鲁迅的短篇小说集？（）A. 《呐喊》B. 《彷徨》C. 《故事新编》D. 《朝花夕拾》2. 以下哪个字不是汉字六书中的“指事”字？（）A. 上B. 下C. 本D. 未3. 下列哪个朝代不属于“春秋五霸”？（）A. 齐B. 晋C. 秦D. 鲁4. 下列哪个成语出自《左传》？（）A. 一鸣惊人B. 画龙点睛C. 纸上得来终觉浅D. 一箭双雕5. 下列哪个诗人不属于“初唐四杰”？（）A. 王勃B. 杨炯C. 卢照邻D. 杜甫二、判断题1. 《红楼梦》的作者是曹雪芹。

闵行区2013-2014届高三上学期末质量调研考试

闵行区2013-2014届高三上学期末质量调研考试数学试卷（理科）考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名填写清楚，并填涂准考证号．选择题部分必须使用2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题部分使用黑色字迹的钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔书写．2．本试卷共有23道题，共4页．满分150分，考试时间120分钟．3．考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留．一. 填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14题，考生应在答题纸上相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1.若复数)(13为虚数单位i ii Z -+=，则其共轭复数在复数平面上对应的点位于象限。

2.已知函数x x f 3111)(-=，则=）（41-f 。

3.如果一个圆锥的高不变，要使它的体积扩大为原来的9倍，那么他的底面半径应该扩大为原来的倍。

4.二项式5）（y x +的展开式中，含23y x 的项的系数是。

（用数字作答） 5.函数x x y 2sin 322sin +=的最小正周期T 为。

6.已知双曲线)0(1222＞k y x k =-的一条渐近线的法向量是），（21，那么=k 。

7.（如图）已知ABC △中，︒=∠30ABC ，2=AB ，AD 是BC 边上的高，则=∙→→BA BD 。

8.已知)(x f 是定义在R 上的偶函数，当0≤x 时，x x x f 2)(2+=那么不等式3)1(＜+x f 的解集是。

9.如图，在半径为r 的圆内作内接正六边形，再作正六边形的内切圆，又在此内切圆内作内接正六边形，如此无限继续下去，设n S 为前n个圆的面积之和，则n n S ∞→lim = 。

10.掷两颗均匀的骰子得两数，则事件“两数之和大于4”的概率为。

（结果用最简分数表示）11.若函数)0(sin 2)(＞ωωx x f =在⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡40π，上单调递增，则ω的取值范围是。

12. 设j i ,分别表示平面直角坐标系x,y 轴上的单位向量,且ia j a i a 2,52+=-+-则的取值范围为。

闵行区2014届高三语文一模试卷答案

闵行区2013学年第一学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷答案1、书评（1分）密室的生活（1分）2、A3、在中国语境中激发一种新的审美反响（1分），推导出一种踏实而不是踏空的普遍性生存状态（1分），从“梦的幻境开始踏上漂流的土地”，去“完成他们表现人的危机和进行文化救赎的双重使命”（1分）。

4、舒文治的批评视野广阔（1分），其阐释的方法多样（1分），阐释的效果灵动而有效（1分）。

5、C6、《远游的开始》一书是文学批评的另类（1分）；其批评的视野是探幽览胜式的（1分）；它在阐释的方法上与屈原开创的楚辞表现美学在精神血脉上相链接（1分）；并将兴趣阅读、分析阅读合而为一，以文本分析作为阅读的引申和思辨的载体；（1分）在语言形式上，将灵动的感悟，赋予优美的表达（或把评论当成美文来写）（1分）。

7、构思、酝酿、创作。

（2分）8、作者运用排比的修辞手法，（1分）形象地写出了自己身临其境而勾起的历史回顾与联想，（1分）抒发内心对东坡的敬慕之情。

（1分）9、其原因是：黄州尊贤敬德的淳朴民风抚慰了他遭受过重创的心灵（1分），黄州壮丽的山水激发了他的才情，（1分）还有他情动千古的胸襟和卓然独步的江海豪情。

（1分）10、具有虚实结合的特点。

作者运用联想想象的写作手法，（1分）横贯古今，把东坡先生写活，重新赋予他生命，（1分）仿佛东坡先生没有离开黄州，还生活在人们中间，依然用他那宽阔的心胸从容地面对生活，这样使东坡的形象给人平易亲切之感，（1分）同时，也流露出作者对东坡的仰慕与喜爱之情。

（1分）11、C12、从结构上看，最后一段结尾紧扣题目，（1分）同时也照应了文章的开头（1分）。

从内容看，“走近”苏轼是本文行文的线索和主题（1分）。

作者来到黄州，看到苏轼曾经生活过的黄州山水，勾起了他对历史的回忆，他从时间和空间上“走近”苏轼；接着，他苏轼的遭遇及其文学作品，“走近”苏轼的心灵（1分）；结果他发现自己无法“走近”苏轼，突出了苏轼高尚的人格与杰出的艺术成就；（1分）表现出作者对苏轼的敬仰之情，并使文章的主题得以升华（1分）。

上海市松江区2014届高三三模冲刺试卷语文试题.doc

上海市松江区2014届高三三模冲刺试卷语文试题1.（2分）不同人种对食品的喜好与他的基因有很大关系（或：不同人种对食品的喜好的基因）（意对即可）2.（3分）C3.（3分）通过列数据和作比较（1分），具体鲜明（1分）地说明了不同地区（或不同人种）有不同的食品喜好（1分）。

4.（3分）B.5.（3分）（1）沿古丝绸之路的古老部落居民中的1500个志愿者；（2）问卷调查；（3）一个人对食品的偏好和这种食品（包括色香味，以及其他各种性状）所刺激的神经回路有联系。

6.（4分）文章先提出了观点“一个人对食物喜好和基因关系密切”，再通过具体证据，由特殊的例子到普遍的例子，由一般研究的例子到重点研究的例子，说明人类对食物的偏好是与基因有关系的，最后点明此项研究的现实意义。

思路清晰，层层推进。

         &#xa0 ; 2阅读下文，完成第7—12题。

（20分）在冬天，怀念梅志李 辉①狂风一夜，落叶满地。

说是北京今年的冬天来得慢，但还是在大风之后携着寒意来了。

②在初冬，我怀念梅志先生。

③怀念梅志，很自然想到了毛泽东著名的《咏梅》词：“风雨送春归，风雪迎春到。

已是悬崖百丈冰，犹有花枝俏。

……”想起它，不只是因为恰是词的作者1955年大笔一挥，在周扬呈送的即将发表的胡风书信大样上，加上了“胡风反党集团”几个字，随即一场暴风雪突然降临在胡风、梅志夫妇及其朋友们身上；更是因为，词中傲雪挺立的梅花意象，总让我联想到梅志生命的美丽。

历史竟有如此巧合!悲哉?幸哉?④几年前，我曾为丁聪先生画的梅志肖像画写了这样一句话：“她让我想到俄罗斯十二月党人的妻子：美丽、坚韧、勇敢。

”与毅然前往西伯利亚，在冰天雪地里陪伴丈夫的俄罗斯十二月党人的妻子们一样，梅志陪同丈夫胡风奋斗、漂泊、受难，逆境中表现出惊人的坚毅与沉静――这就是她的生命的美丽。

上海市闵行区2014届高三二模语文试题及答案

上海市闵行区2014届高三下学期教育质量调研考试（二模）语文试题考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名、准考证号、所在学校及班级等填写清楚。

2．所有试题的答案必须全部涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应，不能错位。

3．本试卷共6页。

满分150分。

考试时间150分钟。

一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。

（17分）文学中的知识分子形象裴毅然①中外文学作品中有一道奇特风景线：知识分子一直是被嘲笑的主角，很少成为获得赞美的主角。

②新文学运动以，鲁迅的《孔乙己》、叶圣陶描摹灰色知识分子的《潘先生在难中》、钱钟书的《围城》等名著名篇，瞄准的对象尽是知识分子。

上世纪五十年代以后，在知识分子逐渐陷入整体挨批的社会大氛围下，从思想界到文学界，知识分子全得低头认罪，成为必然自觉改造的对象，文学形象中的知识分子自然也高大不起。

进入九十年代，从特定意义上，知识分子仍然是社会上的弱者，因为谁都可以扯上知识分子开骂一通。

王朔说知识分子“不骂白不骂”，并不仅仅是王朔个人的“美学投机”或“艺术选择”，实际上代表着整个社会审美的某种价值趋向。

③中国文学尽拿知识分子“开涮”，乃是一个有趣的研究课题,本人试析一二。

④知识分子有能力参预各项社会活动，有可能跻身权益分配之列，社会身份十分微妙，处于不上不下的中间阶层。

因掌握知识，知识分子自必怀有一定理想，不屑于流同俗辈，不安于既有现状。

行高于众、品异于俗，知识分子的英雄自画像，自命不凡自我夸张，主客观之间存在相当差距。

在群俗看，便很有点脱离现实做白日梦的味道，可嘲可笑之处多多，即富含“可嘲笑因素”、“可打趣内容”。

聪慧敏感的作家，自然不会放过这一大好卖点。

这可以说是知识分子何以成为“嘲笑主角”的最重要之因素。

⑤无论中外，相对识文断字的知识分子，工农社会地位更低，处于社会最低层。

尤其在旧时中国，不少工农连基本生存条件都不具备。

上海闵行区2025届高三3月份模拟考试语文试题含解析

上海闵行区2025届高三3月份模拟考试语文试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

1、阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

银行里的小男孩[美]菲利普·罗斯已经是午饭时间，储蓄所里只有一个职员在值班。

那是一位大约40岁的黑人，紧贴头皮的头发，小胡子，整洁、笔挺的棕色西装，身上的每一处都暗示着，他是一位细心谨慎的人。

这位职员正站在柜台后面，柜台前站着一位白人男孩，黄棕色的头发，穿着一件V字领的毛线衣，一条卡其裤和一双平底鞋。

我想我特别注意他是因为他看起来更像一位初中生，而不是一位银行的顾客。

他手上拿着一本打开的存折，脸上写满了沮丧的表情。

“但是我不明白，”他对银行职员说，“我自己开的账户。

为什么我不能取钱?”“我已经向你解释过了。

”职员对他说，“没有父母的信函，一个14岁的小孩不能自己取钱。

”“但这似乎不公平，”男孩说，他的声音有点颤抖，“这是我的钱。

我把钱存进去。

这是我的存折。

”“我知道是你的存折。

”职员说，“但规定就是那样。

现在需要我再讲一遍吗？”他转身对我微笑了一下。

“先生，您需要办理什么业务？”“我本来想开一个新账户，但是看到在这里刚刚发生的一幕后，我改变了主意。

”我鄙夷地说。

“为什么？”他说。

“就因为你说的话。

”我说，“如果我理解得没错的话，你刚才的意思是说，这个孩子已经够年龄把钱存入你们的银行，却不够年龄取出他的钱。

如果无法证明他的钱或者他的存折有任何问题的话，那么银行的规定的确太可笑了。

”“对你来说也许可笑，”他的声音稍微提高了一点，似乎有点生气了，“但这是银行的规定，除了遵守规定，我没有别的选择。

”在我跟银行职员辩论的时候，男孩满怀希望地紧挨着我，但最终我也无能为力。

闵行区2014年初三语文一模卷(含答案)

闵行区2013学年第一学期九年级质量调研考试语文试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：1.本试卷共27题。

2.请将所有答案坐在答题纸的指定位置上，做在试卷上一律不计分。

一、文言文（39分）（一）默写（15分）1. 草枯鹰眼疾，_________________。

（《观猎》）2. __________________，铁马冰河入梦来。

（《十一月四日风雨大作》）3. __________________，五十弦翻塞外声，……（《破阵子》）4. __________________，郁郁青青。

（《岳阳楼记》）5. 野芳发而幽香，________________。

（《醉翁亭记》）（二）阅读下列元曲，完成第6—7题（4分）天净沙·秋白朴孤村落日残霞，轻烟老树寒鸦，一点飞鸿影下。

青山绿水，白草红叶黄花。

天净沙·秋思马致远枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。

夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。

6. 两首元曲表现了不同的心境，《天净沙秋》是____________________，《天净沙秋思》则是________________。

（2分）7. 对两首元曲理解不正确．．．的是（）（2分）A.两首元曲都着力描绘秋天黄昏时的景象。

B.开头两句撷取了六个名词来表现秋意。

C.“飞鸿”与“西风”都增添了明丽与动感。

D.都不着一个“秋”字，却都写尽了秋意。

（三）阅读下文，完成第8—10题（8分）黔之驴黔无驴，有好事者，船载以入。

至则无可用，放之山下。

虎见之，庞然大物也，以为神，蔽林间窥之。

稍出近之，憫然，莫相知。

他日，驴一鸣，虎大骇，远遁，以为且噬己也，甚恐。

然往来视之，觉无异能者。

益习其声，又近出前后，终不敢搏。

稍近益狎，荡倚冲冒。

驴不胜怒，蹄之。

虎因喜，计之曰：“技止此耳！”因跳踉大㘎，断其喉，尽其肉，乃去。

8. 本文的作者是_______，我们在初中阶段还学过他的文言文有_______（课文名）。

上海市闵行区高三数学三模冲刺试卷理(闵行三模)试题沪教版

上海市闵行区2014年高考三模冲刺试卷数学（理科）考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、班级、考号、姓名等填写清楚． 2．本试卷共有23道题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．一. 填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14题，考生应在答题纸上相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．集合2{|20}A x x x =-<，{|1}B x x =<，则U A B 等于． 2．函数=y 的定义域是． 3．已知函数11()12xf x =，则1(1)f-= ．4．若复数11()12i b b i ++∈-R 的实部与虚部相等，则b 的值为． 5．若对任意正实数a ，不等式21<+x a 恒成立，则实数x 的最小值为．6．等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，已知12323S S S 、、成等差数列，则数列{}n a 的公比为．7．已知平面上四点O A B C 、、、，若1233=+u u u r u u u r u u u rOB OA OC 8.如图，在底面边长为a 的正方形的四棱锥P ABCD -PA AC ⊥平面，且PA a =，则直线PB 与平面PCD 为．9. 在极坐标系中,曲线4cos()3πρθ=-与直线cos 2ρθ=个交点之间的距离为．10.某班级有4名学生被复旦大学自主招生录取后，大学提供了3个专业由这4名学生选择，每名学生只能选择一个专业，假设每名学生选择每个专业都是等可能的，则这3个专业都有学生选择的概率是．11.函数)12sin(2)(-+=x x x f 图像的对称中心是．12.设12F F 、分别为双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点，若在双曲线右支上存在点P ，满足212,PF F F =且2F 到直线1PF 的距离等于双曲线的实轴长，则该双曲线的渐近线方程为．13. 设角α的终边在第一象限，函数)(x f 的定义域为[]1,0，且1)1(,0)0(==f f ，当y x ≥时，有)()sin 1(sin )()2(y f x f y x f αα-+=+，则使等式11()44f =成立的α的集合为．14.直角坐标平面上，有2013个非零向量1232013a a a a u r u u r u u r u u u u rL 、、、、，且1(1,2,,2012)k k a a k +⊥=u u r u u u rL ，各向量的横坐标和纵坐标均为非负实数，若1232013a a a a l =u r u u r u u r u u u u r L ++++（常数），则1232013a a a a u r u u r u u r u u u u r L ++++的最小值为．二、选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得 5分，否则一律得零分． 15. 下列函数中，与函数3y x =的值域相同的函数为（）（A ）112x y +⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭. （B ）ln(1)y x =+. （C ）1x y x +=. （D ）1y x x=+. 16. 角α终边上有一点)2,1(-，则下列各点中在角α2的终边上的点是（） (A) (3,4). (B) (3,4)--. (C) (4,3). (D) (4,3)--. 17. 一无穷等比数列{}n a 各项的和为32，第二项为13，则该数列的公比为（）（A ）13. （B ）23. （C ）13-. （D ）13或23.18.下图揭示了一个由区间()1,0到实数集R 上的对应过程：区间()1,0内的任意实数m 与数轴上的线段AB （不包括端点）上的点M 一一对应（图一），将线段AB 围成一个圆，使两端B A ,恰好重合（图二），再将这个圆放在平面直角坐标系中，使其圆心在yA B M0 1 m x M A (B )A (0,1)M N (n ,0) x yO1(0,1)π- （图一）（图二）（图三） rrrr l轴上，点A 的坐标为(0,1)（图三）.图三中直线AM 与x 轴交于点()0,n N ，由此得到一个函数)(m f n =，则下列命题中正确的序号是（）021)1(=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛f ； )()2(x f 是偶函数； )()3(x f 在其定义域上是增函数；)()4(x f y =的图像关于点⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛0,21对称.（A ）（1）（3）（4）.（B ）（1）（2）（3）.（C ）（1）（2）（4）. （D ）（1）（2）（3）（4）. 三、解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤。

上海市闵行区高三语文下学期质量调研考试(一模)试卷

闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷考生注意：1．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名、准考证号、所在学校及班级等填写清楚。

2．所有试题的答案必须全部涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应，不能错位。

3．本试卷共6页。

满分150分。

考试时间150分钟。

一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。

（16分）雅俗之伪：二人转的生态学①我国有丰富的民间文化艺术资源，优秀的民间文艺滋养着主流文化。

新世纪以来的非物质文化遗产运动，使衍生于农耕文明的民间文艺受到主流意识形态前所未有的重视。

民间文艺的传承传播呈现出从官媒、精英到民众、社区的反哺状态。

就二人转传承传播的现状而言，像赵本山这样有着极高社会身份和社会影响力的二人转的传承者，正是在和央视、尤其是“春晚”的推动下，充分发挥自己的明星效应和聪明才智，将二人转这一原本主要在东北乡野生存的民间艺术进行了有效的挪移，重新赋予了二人转以新的生机。

②根据展演形态和空间的变化，二人转的类型也不同。

广场二人转满足了生活在东北黑土地上不同群体的闲暇需求，它与黑土地人们的生产生活水乳交融，成为后来诸多形态二人转之母。

剧场二人转的盛行是在新中国成立后的上世纪五十年代，随着时代变化，它多了对新社会、新时代的歌颂和对旧社会、旧时代的批判。

当下的剧场二人转的演者，会根据自己对二人转的理解和对受众欲望的解读，在经济利益和名誉追求最大化的驱使下，使自己的表演在雅俗警戒线上下游移。

现代传媒的传播手段使二人转节目变成一种音像制品出现在市场，并拥有了自己的消费者，媒介二人转因其传播的便捷，将广场二人转和剧场二人转最大程度地散布到生活世界的各个角落。

③民间艺术是伴随民众的日常生活产生、传承和演变的，凝聚着人们对自然、社会的基本认知，是民众的一种生活方式与习惯。

在任何一种有着生命力的民间文艺那里，雅俗是一体的，雅俗的区分，主要的体现在这些民间文艺展演的现场，是由特定的时间、空间、演者、观者、展演内容与形式等互相影响、制约并合力决定的。

闵行区2014年高三语文二模试卷

上海市闵行区2013学年第二学期高三年级质量调研语文试卷考生注意： 1．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将自己的姓名、准考证号、所在学校及班级等填写清楚。

2．所有试题的答案必须全部涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

答题时应注意试题题号和答题纸题号一一对应，不能错位。

3．本试卷共6页。

满分150分。

考试时间150分钟。

一阅读 80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1—6题。

（17分）文学中的知识分子形象裴毅然 ①中外文学作品中有一道奇特风景线：知识分子一直是被嘲笑的主角，很少成为获得赞美的主角。

②新文学运动以来，鲁迅的《孔乙己》、叶圣陶描摹灰色知识分子的《潘先生在难中》、钱钟书的《围城》等名著名篇，瞄准的对象尽是知识分子。

上世纪五十年代以后，在知识分子逐渐陷入整体挨批的社会大氛围下，从思想界到文学界，知识分子全得低头认罪，成为必然自觉改造的对象，文学形象中的知识分子自然也高大不起来。

进入九十年代，从特定意义上，知识分子仍然是社会上的弱者，因为谁都可以扯上知识分子开骂一通。

王朔说知识分子“不骂白不骂”，并不仅仅是王朔个人的“美学投机”或“艺术选择”，实际上代表着整个社会审美的某种价值趋向。

③中国文学尽拿知识分子“开涮”，乃是一个有趣的研究课题,本人试析一二。

④知识分子有能力参预各项社会活动，有可能跻身权益分配之列，社会身份十分微妙，处于不上不下的中间阶层。

因掌握知识，知识分子自必怀有一定理想，不屑于流同俗辈，不安于既有现状。

行高于众、品异于俗，知识分子的英雄自画像，自命不凡自我夸张，主客观之间存在相当差距。

在群俗看来，便很有点脱离现实做白日梦的味道，可嘲可笑之处多多，即富含“可嘲笑因素”、“可打趣内容”。

聪慧敏感的作家，自然不会放过这一大好卖点。

这可以说是知识分子何以成为“嘲笑主角”的最重要之因素。

⑤无论中外，相对识文断字的知识分子，工农社会地位更低，处于社会最低层。

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