非谓语知识讲解

上述这种形式一般用得不多，现代英语中常用 先行词it，把不定式分句后置的形式：

It is a pity to hesitate.
It is not sufficient to know the main facts.
It’s a great pleasure to be here.

也适用于主句动词不是连系动词的句子：
d) arrange for, ask for, long for, prepare for,
provide for, wait for, wish for, call (up)on,
count on, depend (up)on, rely on 等介词动词：

I will arrange for you to come.
The Nonpredicate 非谓语动词
The
Infinitive The Gerund The Participle
Practice
on Participles
概说 Prevue
Hale Waihona Puke 带to的不定式(to-infinitive)和不带to的不定式 (bare-infinitive) 有进行时、完成体、被动语态 不定式的结构模式
Shall we ask for Mary to come too?
We waited for that to be done.
5、不定式作名词修饰语（即定语）。

不定式作修饰语通常只能置于被修饰的名词中心词之 后：

Is that the way to do it? It’s time to go to bed. The next man to come was Grey. His anxiety to go was obvious. He showed a willingness to please（取悦于人）. I feel doubtful about his ability to do the work.
6、不定式作状语 1）表示目的

He went home to see his mother. I’m saving up to buy a sewing-machine. I’ve come to ask if Jane can go swimming with me.
2）表示结果 不定式表示结果常见于下列搭配： a) so… as to…

上述动词中，除了have, let, make以外，都接带

to不定式作宾补。（have不用被动。其它转被动时带 to）
c) consider, declare, find ( = consider), prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel(=think), imagine, judge, suppose, understand等表示心理状态的动词：

Will you be so good as to tell him so? Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? His illness is not such as to cause anxiety. He is such a fool as to think that his idle chatter（胡扯） can influence others. That looks almost good enough to eat. The ice is thick enough to walk on.


Did you see him go out? I heard her sing. I felt something crawl up my arm. Did you notice anyone come in? The policeman observed the man open the window.
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.

What I really wanted to do was drive all night.

上述例子中的不定式之所以能省略to，有一个条件， 即主语部分必须有一个动词do，这个do的形式不论。
3、不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是能直接跟带to不 定式作宾语，另一种是能跟有疑问词+带to不 定式作宾语。 1）动词+带to不定式 能直接跟带to不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有： afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, want, wish等：


I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not. She didn’t know which one to buy.

4、不定式作宾语补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式 能用不定式作宾补的动词，大体有如下几类： a) see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe等表示感觉 的动词：（改为被动时不定式加to）

It took (us) five hours to get here.
It needed hard work to finish the job.

如果是疑问句或感叹句，则只能用上述形式：

Is it a good idea to open a bank account? What is it like to be here? How long did it take you to get here?



He pretended not to see me.
I expect to be back on Sunday.
2）动词+疑问词+带to不定式 能用于这个结构的常用动词有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think (= consider), understand, wonder ( = be curious to know)等。疑问词可以是what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which (why除外）： what to do. where to go. I don’t know who(m) to ask. when to stop. how to get there.


注意：不定式作表语时常带to, 但在某些句型中也可 省略to：（请观察这些句型中的特点）

All I did was empty the bottle. All you do is talk about cars.
All she seems to do is gossip with her neighbours. （与邻 居聊天）

What would you have me do? Let me have your homework now. You made me laugh. why did you advise her to do that? We can’t allow the rain to spoil our day. You surely don’t expect me to do all that! I can’t get her to talk.
The car was seen to stop.
b) have, let, make, advise, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn等表示“致使”等意义的动词：

在处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式属于不及物 动词，其后还得加上一个结构上或含义上所需的介词：




I use a pen to write with. I’ve brought this stool to sit on. Is there anyone to talk to? The nurse has five children to look after. This is a good rule to go by（遵循）. You’ve given me much to think about.
2）主语是以aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中 心的名词词组，或以what引导的名词分句表示，后面 的不定式说明其内容：

My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Our plan is to make better use of these medicinal herbs （草药）. Your mistake was to write that letter. What I would suggest is to start work at once.