中考语文总复习 中考解读 阅读理解 第四章 名著阅读 第十部《威尼斯商人》主要内容素材
九年级语文下册13《威尼斯商人》课文赏析(新版)新人教版
九年级语文下册13《威尼斯商人》课文赏析(新版)新人教版《威尼斯商人》课文赏析——精彩的对白永恒的魅力作为欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最伟大的剧作家和卓越的人文主义思想的代表,莎士比亚以他奇伟的笔触对英国封建制度走向衰落和资本主义原始积累的历史转折期的英国社会做了形象、深入的刻画。
我们所学的这篇课文也体现了莎士比亚对这种历史进步性的推崇,那么作者是如何借助戏剧的形式加以传达的呢?一、鲜明的人物形象,个性的全面展示课文节选的是全剧的高潮部分,人物之间的各种关系交相错杂,有利于把人物的形象更为丰满地表露出来。
我们主要分析三个人物形象:贪婪和残忍的夏洛克、聪敏和机智的鲍西娅、侠义的安东尼奥。
夏洛克是剧中的主要人物,作者也用较多的笔墨对其进行细致入微地描摹,可谓是入木三分。
在他身上体现了人物性格的多面性、复杂性,我们不能简单的以“好”或者“坏”来评价,那样会有失偏颇。
夏洛克作为一个高利贷者,最突出的表现是贪婪、吝啬、狡猾和残酷,而这一切又都源自于他对金钱的贪欲。
但在这出戏中作者要着力表现的是他的残忍,他因为自己的利益(安东尼奥“借钱给人不取利息”妨碍了他赚钱)和尊严受到损害(他也是一个虔诚的教徒),就无情地报复安东尼奥并且不惜一切代价,结果适得其反,自食其果。
由于他的身份是犹太人和异教徒而倍受欺侮,从剧中其他人反复强调的话语可以看出来,当时这样的身份是受人歧视的,以致最后他落得人财两空,因此他又有令人同情的一面。
值得注意的是,夏洛克控诉了资本主义原始积累的血腥,这虽然是他在为自己争辩但也是对当时历史的真实写照,从这一点上来说,他又具有一定的洞察力。
鲍西娅是剧中另一重要人物,她是人文主义新女性的典型,是作者极力歌颂的人物形象。
她集众多优点于一身:美貌出众、热情大方、开朗活泼、浑身洋溢着青春活力,几乎是完美的化身。
她是这场官司的灵魂人物,正是她的机智使得安东尼奥化险为夷,解决了一大群“堂堂须眉”束手无策的难题,伸张了正义,体现了作者男女平等的主张。
九年级威尼斯商人练习题
九年级威尼斯商人练习题《威尼斯商人》是英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚创作的一部具有讽刺性的喜剧。
这部作品以其丰富的人物形象、复杂的情节和深刻的主题,成为了文学史上的经典之作。
对于九年级的学生来说,通过相关练习题来深入理解这部作品是非常有必要的。
一、文学常识1、作者简介威廉·莎士比亚(1564 年 4 月 23 日—1616 年 4 月 23 日),英国文艺复兴时期剧作家、诗人。
他被誉为“英国戏剧之父”,其作品包括喜剧、悲剧、历史剧等多种类型。
代表作品有《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《哈姆雷特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》等。
2、作品背景《威尼斯商人》创作于 16 世纪末,当时的英国正处于资本主义经济迅速发展的时期。
商业活动日益繁荣,商人的地位逐渐提高,但同时也存在着各种社会矛盾和道德问题。
这部作品通过对威尼斯商人之间的商业纠纷和人性考验的描写,反映了当时的社会现实。
3、作品主题(1)批判了资本主义早期商业资产阶级的贪婪和残忍。
(2)歌颂了仁爱、友谊和爱情的美好。
(3)揭示了宗教和法律的虚伪。
二、人物形象1、夏洛克夏洛克是一个贪婪、残忍、固执的犹太商人形象。
他一心想要从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉来报复,反映了他强烈的复仇心理和对金钱的极度渴望。
但同时,他也是一个受到社会歧视和压迫的受害者,他的行为在一定程度上也是对社会不公的反抗。
2、安东尼奥安东尼奥是一个正直、善良、慷慨的商人。
他为了帮助朋友巴萨尼奥向鲍西娅求婚,不惜向夏洛克借债。
他对朋友的忠诚和无私的帮助,展现了他高尚的品德。
3、鲍西娅鲍西娅是一个聪明、机智、勇敢的女性形象。
她在法庭上巧妙地运用法律知识和智慧,成功地帮助安东尼奥摆脱了夏洛克的迫害,展现了女性的智慧和力量。
三、情节分析1、故事的开端安东尼奥为了帮助朋友巴萨尼奥向鲍西娅求婚,向夏洛克借了三千块钱。
夏洛克因为安东尼奥曾经侮辱过他,借机与安东尼奥签订了一份契约,如果安东尼奥不能按时还款,就要从他身上割下一磅肉。
中考英语阅读训练The Merchant of Venice (selection) 《威尼斯商人》
The Merchant of Venice (selection) 《威尼斯商人》(选段)Part A一、阅读理解Back in Venice, there was one very angry moneylender (放债人), Shylock. When he discovered his daughter, Jessica, had run away and taken money and jewels with her, he was furious. He tried to find her. Bassanio and Graziano were on the ship, and it had started to sail. Shylock wanted to stop the ship. He thought Jessica and Lorenzo might be on it, but it was too late. The ship had already gone. Antonio told Shylock that his daughter and her lover were not on it. Someone said they had gone away on a smaller boat, but nobody really knew where they were.Shylock ran through the streets of Venice looking for them. “My daughter, my money, my jewels! My money, my daughter, my jewels!” he shouted. “My jewels, my daughter, my money! My daughter stole my money! She stole my jewels! She ran away with a Christian! My money, my jewels, my daughter! We must find them!”All the little boys in Venice followed him and shouted, “My jewels, my daughter, my money!”Solanio heard them: He thought, “Antonio had better pay his debt on time, or he will pay for this. Shylock is very angry. He will take revenge (报复) if he can.”Far far away from Venice, in the sea between England and France, there was a big storm. A strong wind blew a heavy ship against the rocks. The ship and its cargo (货物) sank. Salerio was the first person in Venice to hear the news, when he met a Frenchman in a hotel. He hoped that it was not one of Antonio’s ships.1. Which of the following word has the similar meaning of the underlined word “furious”?A. Surprised.B. Disappointed.C. Angry.D. Frightened.2. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Antonio’s debt. B Shylock’s anger. C. Jessica’s lover. D Shylock’s money.3. What is the correct order of the story?①Salerio heard that a ship had sunk. ①Shylock ran through the streets screaming.①Shylock thought Jessica and Lorenzo were on Bassanio’s ship and wanted to stop it.①Jessica had run away with her father’s money and jewels.A. ①①①①B. ①①①①C. ①①①①D. ①①①①二、完形填空There was another rich man in Venice. His name was Shylock. He earned his money ___1___ lending money to other people and making them pay interest (利息). A lot of people ___2___ money from him.“Will you ___3___ lend us the money? ” Antonio asked Shylock.“ ___4___ should I? ” asked Shylock. “You often say bad words about me ___5___ the way I lend money. I ___6___ argue with you about it because I am a man who does not get ___7___ quickly. You call me names. You call me a dog. You spit on my clothes. Now you need my ___8___ , and you come to me and ask for money. I should tell you that a dog has no money. How ___9___ a dog lend you thirty thousand dollars? Or should I say ___10___ for spitting on my clothes? Should I say that ___11___ these kind acts I will be pleased to lend you thirty thousand dollars? ”“If you lend us this money,” pleaded (恳求) Antonio, “I will not call your names or spit on your clothes again. I am not asking you to lend us the money as if we were your friends. Lend it to us as if we were your enemies. Then if we cannot pay it back in time, you will feel even ___12___ about making us pay the penalty (惩罚).”Shylock pretended (假装) to be surprised. “Antonio, I want to be your ___13___ . I want to forget all the bad things you said to me. I want to help you. I won’t make you pay interest for the money I lend you. However, let’s ___14___ that if you do not pay me on time, you will give me one pound of your flesh (肉) from ___15___ I choose to take it. ”1. A. by B. for C. with D. through2. A. asked B took C. made D. borrowed3. A. also B. ever C. still D. already4. A. How B. Why C. What D. When5. A. by B. for C. in D. on6. A. usually B. seldom C. never D. sometimes7. A. angry B. excited C. worried D. frightened8. A. work B. help C. hope D. dream9. A. can B. must C. should D. would10. A. sorry B. come on C. thank you D. what a pity11. A. full of B. sure of C. instead of D. because of12. A. good B. fine C. better D. worse13. A. brothers B. friend C. partner D. neighbor14. A. advise B. agree C. allow D. suggest15. A. however B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever三、七选五Duke: Greetings, learned judge! I do not envy you your job. This is a most troublesome case.Portia: Greetings! ___1___ Are you Antonio, and is this your agreement with Shylock?Antonio: It is.Portia: Then Shylock must be merciful. He must have mercy on Antonio.Shylock: Why must I have mercy on him? Tell me that!Portia: ___2___ Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth. It blesses those who give it, and those who receive it. We should learn to show mercy to others. Do you still ask for this pound of flesh?Shylock: I ask for what is mine by law!Bassanio: I offer ten times the money that Antonio has borrowed. Please change the law a little so that we may save Antonio. Portia: Use your head a little, sir! ___3___ If one law is changed, then people will later want to change other laws. Shylock: ___4___Portia: Let me see this agreement, this promise of Antonio to you.Shylock: Here it is.Portia: I see. According to the law, Shylock may have a pound of flesh to be cut off by him nearest to Antonio’s heart. ___5___ Let me destroy (撕毁) this paper—No? Then, Antonio, be ready. And Shylock, take your knife and prepare to do the deed.A. Who care?B. Be merciful.C. Oh, wise young judge!D. We cannot change a law.E. Mercy brings good.F. Please be seated.G. The honor is all mine, Your Grace.四、根据短文内容, 用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空, 使短文完整Bassanio ___1___ (reach) Belmont and went to visit Portia. Portia was very pleased ___2___ (see) him because she remembered him from his earlier visit. She was certain he would be brave enough ___3___ (choose) a box. She hoped he would be wise enough to choose the one with her picture in it. Bassanio loved Portia more than ever. He wanted to choose a box and marry ___4___ (she). However, Portia was now afraid that he would choose the wrong box. Then he would never be able to ___5___ (marry) her. At last, Portia took Bassanio to the three ___6___ (box) and told him the rules. Bassanio looked at the boxes, but he did not read the writing on them. He looked at the gold and silver, he didn’t want these ___7___ (beauty) boxes of gold and silver. He would choose the lead box with ___8___ (it) ordinary color. It spoke ___9___ (much) to me than all the gold and silver in the world. He went to the lead box and opened it. The writing inside the box told him that he had chosen the right box. It said that he should ___10___ (go) to Portia and look into her eyes. She would be his wife.Part B一、阅读理解Portia gave the decision. “One pound of the merchant’s flesh is yours. It is what the contract (合同) says. You may take hisflesh! ”Shylock held his knife and told Antonio to get ready. “Wait!” exclaimed Portia. “You will not do anything that is not written in the contract. Is that right, Shylock? ”“Yes, that’s right,” said Shylock. He wondered what the wise young judge was going to say.“Well,” said the young judge, “I have read the contract carefully, and it does not say anything about taking his blood. It says ‘a pound of flesh’. You can take your pound of flesh, but you may not take one drop of his blood. If you take any of his blood, the duke (公爵) will take everything you own!”Now it was Graziano’s turn to bless the judge and call him wise.“You wanted justice,” Portia told Shylock, “and you will have more justice than you wanted.”Shylock didn’t want to give everything he owned to the duke. He decided not to take his pound of flesh. He said he would take the money.“Give me ninety thousand dollars,” he said, “and I will have mercy on Antonio and let him go.”Bassanio was happy to give him the money. He was very pleased that his friend Antonio would not die.“Wait!” Portia said again. “He does not want the money. It is not written in the contract.”But Shylock said he just wanted to have his money back and wouldn’t even demand (要求) interest (利息). Bassanio was ready to give it to him, but again Portia stopped him.“He said he wanted only the penalty (惩罚) that is in the contract.”Shylock understood that he would not get his pound of flesh. He understood that he would not get his money. He decided to go home.“Wait!” said Portia, for the third time. “The law of Venice, says that if you plan to kill a citizen of Venice, you will lose everything that you own. Half of what you have will belong to the person you tried to kill, and the other half will belong to the duke.”1. Who was the young judge?A. Graziano.B. Bassanio.C. Portia.D. The duke.2. What kind of person do you think Shylock is according to the passage?A. Brave and clever.B. Cold-hearted and selfish.C. Generous and patient.D. Helpful and warm-hearted.3. Why did Shylock give up taking a pound of flesh at last?A. Because Antonio’s ships sunk and Shylock had mercy on him.B. Because Shylock thought that a pound of flesh was worth nothing.C. Because Antonio gave Shylock ninety thousand dollars.D. Because Shylock couldn’t take a pound of flesh without any blood.4. Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A. Shylock was stopped taking money from Bassanio three times.B. Shylock would have his money back without interest.C. Shylock lost everything for planning to kill a citizen of Venice.D. Shylock would give everything that he owned to the duke.二、完形填空Shylock and Lancelot came out of Shylock's house ___1___ . Shylock shook his head. “Well, you will see,” he said. “Your eyes will be the judge as to the difference between Old Shylock and Bassanio.” He ___2___ impatiently to the open door. “Jessica!” he called. “You won't stuff yourself as you've done with me. What, Jessica!” He called more insistently(坚持地), “What, Jessica, I say!” He was ___3___ a ring of ___4___ and he rattled(咯咯作响) them impatiently.Lancelot placed his hands around ___5___ mouth. “Jessica!” he shouted.“Who told you to call? ” said Shylock, ___6___ . “I didn't tell you ___7___ call!”“Your worship always said that I never did anything without being told to,” said Lancelot.Jessica came out to them, “Did you call? What do you want? ”“I've been ___8___ to dinner, Jessica.” said Shylock. “Here are my keys. I don't know why I'm going, though. I haven'tbeen invited out of love. They’re flattering me. But still, I'll go in hatred(仇恨), to eat the wasteful Christian's ___9___ . Jessica, my girl, look after my house.I really don't want to go. I feel that something bad is going to happen because I dreamt of moneybags last night.”“I beg of you, go.” said Lancelot. “My young master is looking forward ___10___ your bad temper(脾气).”“As I am his,” snapped (怒气冲冲) Shylock.“And they've planned something together. I won't exactly go as far as to say that you'll ___11___ a masque(化装舞会)...” Lancelot gave him a big wink(眨眼), “...but if you do it wasn't for nothing that my nose bled on last Black Monday, ___12___ six o’clock in the morning, when it occurred that year ___13___ Ash Wednesday...”“What! Are there going to be masques? Listen ___14___ me, Jessica. Lock my doors. And when you hear the drum and the curved fife, don’t climb ___15___ to the window and thrust (插) your head out into the street to stare at the Christian fools with their painted masks. Go ahead of me, you, and tell them I’m coming.”1. A. all B. To C. from D. together2. A turned B. left C. jumped D. closed3. A. held B holds C. holding D. hold4. A. keys B. it C. key D. lock5. A. her B. my C. it D. his6. A. happily B. surprisingly C. angrily D. excitedly7. A. to B. for C. in D. from8. A. invited B. inviting C. invites D. invite9. A. drink B. sound C. food D. air10. A. for B. in C. from D. to11. A. leave B. see C. close D. be12. A. in B. from C. at D. on13. A. on B. at C. in D. from14. A. from B. in C. to D. at15. A. on B. up C. above D. down三、七选五Duke: Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock. Do not be so bitter (严酷的).Shylock: I’ve promised to take my pound of flesh. If you do not let me have it, that will be a sign of weakness and no one will trust your laws any more. ___1___ . Antonio is my enemy, and I hate him.Bassanio: Do all men kill the things they do not love?Antonio: It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. ___2___ Pass judgement on me and give Shylock what he wants.Bassanio: I’ll pay you six thousand ducats (达克特币) for the three thousand ducats that Antonio borrowed.Shylock: If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh. ___3___Duke: Let us be calm, gentlemen. Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?Shylock: I have done nothing wrong and I fear no judgement. I desire my pound of flesh.As the Duke is wondering what to do, Nerissa, dressed like a lawyer’s clerk, arrives with a letter from the famous lawyer whom Portia has visited. While the Duke is talking to Nerissa, Shylock gets ready to cut his pound of flesh from Antonio.___4___ “I am very ill, when your letter reached me. ___5___ I told him about the quarrel (争论) between Shylock and Antonio, We studied many law books and he knows what I would say. I ask you to let him stand in my place and give judgement. He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.”After the letter has been read out to the court, Portia, in lawyer’s clothes, enters the room and takes her seat as judge.A. I had with me a learned young doctor from Rome.B. The greatness of Venice will soon be lost.C. Justice is all I want.D. Don’t wait any longer.E. Give me my pound of flesh!F. Then the letter is read out for all in the court to hear.G. How can a proud man like me give up his words?四、根据短文内容, 用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空, 使短文完整Antonio gave up the fight against Shylock. He wanted the judge to give his ___1___ (decide).So the judge told him ___2___ (take) off his shirt, and prepare his body for Shylock’s knife.The judge asked Shylock if he had scales ready to weigh the flesh. Shylock said “yes”. Then the judge asked him if he had brought a doctor with ___3___ (he). Shylock said it was not in the contract, so he hadn’t brought one to help Antonio. “You can’t make me ___4___ (do) it unless it is in the contract,” he reasoned.The judge asked Antonio if he wanted to say anything. Antonio just wanted to say goodbye to Bassanio and ask him to tell Portia that he was a good friend.Bassanio said he would do anything he could to save Antonio. He would ___5___ (die) in his place or give up his wife if it could help Antonio. Gratiano said the same thing. Shylock thought they were not good ___6___ (husband).The judge said to Shylock, “One pound of the merchant’s flesh is yours! You may take his flesh!” Shylock held his knife.“Wait!” shouted the judge. “You won’t do ___7___ (something) that is not written in the contract. Is it right, Shylock? ”“Yes, that’s right,” said Shylock. He wondered what the judge was going to say.“Well,” said the judge, “I have read the contract ___8___ (careful). It says ‘a pound of flesh.’ You can take your pound of flesh, but you may not take one drop of his blood. If you take any of his blood, the duke ___9___ (take) everything you own.”“You wanted justice (公正),” the judge told Shylock, "and you will have it. You will have ___10___ (much) justice than you wanted.”The Merchant of Venice (selection)《威尼斯商人》(选段)Part A一、1-3 CAC二、1-5 ADCBB6-10 CABAC11-15 DCBBD三、1-5 FEDCB四、1. reached2. to see3. to choose4. her5. marry6. boxes7. beautiful8. its9. more 10. goPart B一、1-4 CBDC二、1-5 DACAD6-10 CAACD11-15 BCACB三、1-5 BDEFA四、1. decision2. to take3. him4. do5. die6. husbands7. anything8. carefully9. will take 10. more。
初三下册课文《威尼斯商人》阅读答案
初三下册课文《威尼斯商人》阅读答案初三下册课文《威尼斯商人》阅读答案夏洛克不,把我的生命连着财产一起拿了去吧,我不要你们的宽恕。
【A】你们拿掉了支撑房子的柱子,就是拆了我的房子;你们夺去了我的养家活命的根本,就是活活要了我的命。
鲍西娅安东尼奥,你能不能够给他一点慈悲?葛莱西安诺白送给他一根上吊的绳子吧;看在上帝的面上,不要给他别的东西!安东尼奥要是殿下和堂上愿意从宽发落,免予没收他的财产的一半,我就十分满足了;只要他能够让我接管他的另外一半的财产,等他死了以后,把它交给最近和他的女儿私奔的那位绅士;可是还要有两个附带的条件:第一,他接受了这样的恩典,必须立刻改信基督教;第二,他必须当庭写下一张文契,声明他死了以后,他的全部财产传给他的女婿罗兰佐和他的女儿。
公爵他必须履行这两个条件,否则我就撤销刚才所宣布的赦令。
鲍西娅犹太人,你满意吗?你有什么话说?夏洛克我满意。
鲍西娅书记,写下一张授赠产业的文契。
夏洛克请你们允许我退庭,我身子不大舒服。
文契写好了送到我家里,我在上面签名就是了。
公爵去吧,可是临时变卦是不成的。
葛莱西安诺你在受洗礼的时候,可以有两个教父;要是我做了法官,我一定给你请十二个教父,不是领你去受洗,是送你上绞架。
(夏洛克下。
)公爵先生,我想请您到舍间去用餐。
鲍西娅请殿下多多原谅,我今天晚上要回帕度亚去,必须现在就动身,恕不奉陪了。
公爵您这样贵忙,不能容我略尽寸心,真是抱歉得很。
安东尼奥,谢谢这位先生,你这回全亏了他。
(公爵、众士绅及侍从等下。
)巴萨尼奥最可尊敬的先生,我跟我这位敝友今天多赖您的智慧,免去了一场无妄之灾;为了表示我们的敬意,这三千块钱本来是预备还那犹太人的,现在就奉送给先生,聊以报答您的辛苦。
安东尼奥您的大恩大德,我们是永远不忘记的。
鲍西娅一个人做了心安理得的事,就是得到了最大的酬报;我这次帮两位的忙,总算没有失败,已经引为十分满足,用不着再谈什么酬谢了。
但愿咱们下次见面的时候,两位仍旧认识我。
中考冲刺—名著阅读直通车(2018版)10、威尼斯商人
内
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威尼斯商人
奇怪的契约
安东尼奥和夏洛克都不喜欢对方:对于安东尼 奥来说,他看不起放高利贷的,另一方面,他不喜 欢夏洛克也因为他是犹太人;对于夏洛克来说,安 东尼奥借钱给人从不收利息,这样就损害了他的利 益。 尽管如此,在这种情况下,夏洛克还是同意借 钱给安东尼奥,而且也不收他的利息;但是夏洛克 提出了一个奇怪的要求:如果安东尼奥拖欠还款的 话,他将会从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉。
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威尼斯商人
三段恋情
凭着借来的钱,巴萨尼奥去了贝尔蒙特,他选 择了正确的匣子——铅匣,也就是装有伊人肖像的 匣子,也赢得了鲍西娅。鲍西娅送给他一枚戒指, 巴萨尼奥发誓将永远把这枚戒指戴着。与此同时, 鲍西娅的女仆,尼莉莎也接受了葛来西安诺的求婚 ,将自己的戒指也送给了他。夏洛克的女儿,杰西 卡同自己的爱人克里斯汀·罗伦佐私奔了,并且偷 走了她父亲的钱和珠宝。
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威尼斯商人
创作背景 内容梗概
剧本高潮
人物关系
人物形象 艺术特色
主题思想 名著勾连
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莎士比亚(1564~1616),是“文学巨匠”,欧洲文艺复兴
时期人文主义文学的集大成者。其代表作有四大悲剧《哈姆雷 特》《奥赛罗》《李尔王》《麦克白》,四大喜剧《第十二夜 》《仲夏夜之梦》《威尼斯商人》《无事生非》(人教版教材称 《皆大欢喜》),历史剧《亨利四世》《亨利五世》《查理二 世》等,悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。莎士比亚还写过154首十四 行诗,两首长诗。他是“英国戏剧之父”,本•琼生称他为“时
名著阅读《威尼斯商人》
名著阅读《威尼斯商人》一、文学常识●作者简介威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare,1564-1616年),欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最重要的作家,杰出的戏剧家和诗人。
他创作了大量脍炙人口的文学作品,在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位,被喻为“人类文学奥林匹斯山上的宙斯”。
他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库罗斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及欧里庇得斯(Euripides),合称为戏剧史上四大悲剧家。
莎士比亚四大悲剧,包括:《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》。
莎士比亚四大喜剧,包括:《威尼斯商人》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《皆大欢喜》、《第十二夜》。
莎士比亚创作的艺术特色可以归纳为如下几点:第一,坚持现实主义创作原则,认为戏剧是反映人生的一面镜子。
第二,追求自然的表演理论,认为演剧要真实,切忌过火。
第三,情节生动丰富,一个剧里常有几条交织在一起的复杂线索,悲喜剧因素结合在一起。
第四,塑造了一系列具有鲜明个性的艺术形象。
如哈姆雷特、福斯塔夫。
第五,人物语言性格化,如哈姆雷特的话富有哲理和诗意,御前大臣波洛涅斯的语言矫揉造作,伊阿古的语言充满秽言秽语。
据电子计算机统计,莎士比亚创作的词汇量有29066个。
●作品简介《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚早期的重要作品,是一部具有极大讽刺性的喜剧。
大约作于1596~1597年。
剧本的主题是歌颂仁爱、友谊和爱情,同时也反映了资本主义早期商业资产阶级与高利贷者之间的矛盾,表现了作者对资产阶级社会中金钱、法律和宗教等问题的人文主义思想。
这部剧作的一个重要文学成就,就是塑造了夏洛克这一惟利是图、冷酷无情的高利贷者的典型形象。
二、故事梗概威尼斯商人安东尼奥是个宽厚为怀的富商,与另外一位犹太人夏洛克的高利贷政策恰恰相反。
安东尼奥的一位好朋友巴萨尼奥因要向贝尔蒙特的一位继承了万贯家财的美丽女郎鲍西娅求婚,而向他告贷三千块金币,而安东尼奥身边已无余钱,只有向夏洛克以他那尚未回港的商船为抵押品,借三千块金币。
初三语文知识点:威尼斯商人
20XX年初三语文知识点:威尼斯商人《威尼斯商人》的作者是莎士比亚,英国的戏剧家和诗人。
下面小编收集整理的初三语文《威尼斯商人》的备考知识点以供大家学习。
初三语文知识点:威尼斯商人一、重点字词1.注音。
恻(cè)隐簌簌(sù) 庖(páo)代中流砥(dǐ)柱诉讼(sòng)2.解释下面词语。
(1)折衷是非:调和是非。
折衷,这里指对双方争执不下的事情进行调和。
(2)有例可援:有先例可参照。
(3)中流砥柱:比喻坚强、能起支柱作用的人或集体。
(4)遍稽群籍:查遍所有的书籍。
(5)万恶不赦:极端恶毒、罪恶多端而不容赦免。
二、重点段落背记知识清单慈悲不是出于勉强,它像甘霖一样从天上降下尘世;它不但给幸福于受施的人,也同样给幸福于施与的人;它有超乎一切的无上威力,比皇冠更足以显出一个帝王的高贵:御杖不过象征着俗世的威权,使人民对于君主的尊严凛然生畏;慈悲的力量却高出于权力之上,它深藏在帝王的内心,是一种属于上帝的德行,执法的人倘能把慈悲调剂着公道,人间的权力就和上帝的神力没有差别。
三、文学常识背记知识清单1.《威尼斯商人》的作者是莎士比亚,英国的戏剧家和诗人。
2.外国文学的人物画廊中,有四个著名的吝啬鬼,他们是法国戏剧家莫里哀笔下的阿巴贡,法国小说家巴尔扎克笔下的葛朗台,俄国作家果戈理笔下的泼留希金,英国戏剧家莎士比亚笔下的夏洛克。
初三语文知识点:变脸一、重点字词1.注音。
糍粑(cíbā) 睡眼惺忪(xīng sōng) 打鼾(hān) 徘徊(pái huái) 阴霾(mái)2.解释下列词语。
(1)怡然自得:形容高兴而满足的样子。
(2)睡眼惺忪:因刚睡醒而眼睛模糊不清。
(3)蹑手蹑脚:轻手轻脚。
二、重点句子背记知识清单1.没想到世上还有好人在,爷爷出现笑颜开。
把我当作人看待,亲亲热热贴胸怀。
舍不得这份情啊!割不断这般爱!天上雁鹅排对排,扯烂衣裳不分开!2.比男娃子更勤快,能干粗活能挑抬。
九年级语文下册《威尼斯商人》知识点总结
九年级语文下册《威尼斯商人》知识点
总结
第13课
威尼斯商人
一、重点字词
1.给下列加点字注音。
恻cè隐
癖pǐ性
簌簌sù
庖páo代
中流砥dǐ柱
诉讼sòng
2.解释下面词语。
折衷是非:调和是非。
折衷,这里指对双方争执不下的事情进行调和。
有例可援:有先例可参照。
中流砥柱:比喻坚强、能起支柱作用的人或集体。
遍稽群籍:查遍所有的书籍。
万恶不赦:极端恶毒、罪恶多端而不容赦免。
二、重点句子背记知识清单
慈悲不是出于勉强,它像甘霖一样从天上降上尘世;它
不但给幸福于受施的人,也同样给幸福于施与的人;它有超乎一切的无上威力,比皇冠更足以显出一个帝王的高贵:御杖不过象征着俗世的威权,使人民对于君主的尊严凛然生畏;慈悲的力量却高出于权力之上,它深藏在帝王的内心,是一种属于上帝的德行执法的人倘能把慈悲调剂着公道,人间的权力就和上帝的神力没有差别。
三、文学常识背记知识清单
1.《威尼斯商人》的作者是莎士比亚,他是英国的戏剧家和诗人。
2.外国文学的人物画廊中,有四个著名的吝啬鬼,他们是法国戏剧家莫里哀笔下的阻巴贡,法国小说家巴尔扎克笔下的葛朗台,俄国作家果戈理笔下的泼留希金,英国戏剧家莎士比亚笔下的夏洛克。
初三苏教版语文下册威尼斯商人知识点WORD文档格式
初三苏教版语文下册威尼斯商人知识点WORD文档格式《威尼斯商人》的文学巨匠莎士比亚所作的剧本中的节选部分,查字典语文网为大家整理了威尼斯商人知识点,希望对大家有帮助!一、原文公爵、众绅士、安东尼奥、巴萨尼奥、葛莱西安诺、萨拉里诺、萨莱尼奥及余人等同上。
公爵安东尼奥有没有来?安东尼奥有,殿下。
公爵我很为你不快乐;你是来跟一个心如铁石的对手当庭质对,一个不懂得怜悯、没有一丝慈悲心的不近人情的恶汉。
安东尼奥听说殿下曾经用尽力量劝他不要过为已甚,可是他一味坚执,不肯略作让步。
既然没有合法的手段可以使我脱离他的怨毒的掌握,我只有用默忍迎受他的愤怒,安心等待着他的残暴的处置。
公爵来人,传那犹太人到庭。
萨拉里诺他在门口等着;他来了,殿下。
夏洛克上。
公爵大家让开些,让他站在我的面前。
夏洛克,人家都以为--我也是这样想--你不过故意装出这一副凶恶的姿态,到了最后关头,就会显出你的仁慈恻隐来,比你现在这种表面上的残酷更加出人意料;现在你虽然坚持着照约处罚,一定要从这个不幸的商人身上割下一磅肉来,到了那时候,你不但愿意放弃这一种处罚,而且因为受到良心上的感动,说不定还会豁免他一部分的欠款。
你看他最近接连遭逢的巨大损失,足以使无论怎样富有的商人倾家荡产,即使铁石一样的心肠,从来不知道人类同情的野蛮人,也不能不对他的境遇发生怜悯。
犹太人,我们都在等候你一句温和的回答。
夏洛克我的意思已经向殿下告禀过了;我也已经指着我们的圣安息日起誓,一定要照约执行处罚;要是殿下不准许我的请求,那就是蔑视宪章,我要到京城里去上告,要求撤销贵邦的特权。
您要是问我为什么不愿接受三千块钱,宁愿拿一块腐烂的臭肉,那我可没有什么理由可以回答您,我只能说我欢喜这样,这是不是一个回答?要是我的屋子里有了耗子,我高兴出一万块钱叫人把它们赶掉,谁管得了我?这不是回答了您吗?有的人不爱看张开嘴的猪,有的人瞧见一头猫就要发脾气,还有人听见人家吹风笛的声音,就忍不住要小便;因为一个人的感情完全受着喜恶的支配,谁也做不了自己的主。
广东中考语文总复习中考解读阅读理解第四章名著阅读第十部威尼斯商人人物形象分析素材
他是新兴的资产阶级商人。他珍重友情,为了朋友死而无怨;他宽宏大量,面对夏洛克的无耻阴谋,竟逆来顺受;面对死亡的威胁,他具有古罗马英雄那样临危不惧、视死如归的气概。
软弱、妥协。
我是羊群里一头不中用的病羊,死是我的应分;最软弱的果子最先落到地上,让我也就这样结束了我的一生吧。
巴萨尼奥
见义勇为、重情重义,但不懂得斗争策略,表现得较为软弱。
葛莱西安诺
疾恶如仇,易激动,嬉笑怒骂,敢于斗争,和安东尼奥形成鲜明对比。
鲍西娅
聪明机智。
那可不行,在威尼斯谁也没有权力变更既成的法律;要是开了这一个恶例,以后谁都可以借口有例可援,什么坏事情都可以干了。这是不行的。
鲍西娅是莎翁笔下人文主义女性的典型形象,她的性格在这场戏的矛盾斗争中得以充分展示。面对咄咄逼人的夏洛克,她机智勇敢、沉着稳重。她利用智慧、胆识、才华取得了法庭斗争的主动权,并一步步给夏洛克以致命的打击。
老于世故。
您要是问我为什么不愿接受三千块钱,宁愿拿一块腐烂的臭肉,那我可没有什么理由可以回答您,我只能说我喜欢这样,这是不是一个回答?
唯利是图。
把我的生命连着财产一起拿了去吧,我不要你们的宽恕。你们拿掉了支撑房子的柱子,就是拆了我的房子;你们夺去了我的养家活命的根本,就是活活要了我的命。
冷酷狡诈。
从那破产的家伙身上割下那磅肉来;无论你说得多么婉转动听,都没有用。
行事沉稳。
且慢,还有别的话哩。这约上并没有允许你取他的一滴血,只是写明着“一磅肉”;所以你可以照约拿一磅肉去,可是在割肉的时候,要是流下一滴基督徒的血,你的土地财产,按照威尼斯的法律,就要全部充公。
《威尼斯商人》导读
《威尼斯商人》导读《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚的一部喜剧作品,被认为是他最成功的戏剧之一。
这部戏剧以意大利的威尼斯为背景,讲述了贸易商安东尼奥、他的朋友巴斯托利奥与维瓦诺、已婚妇女波西娅和贤妻波蒂亚的故事。
本文将对《威尼斯商人》的故事背景、主要人物、情节及其意义进行导读。
故事背景这部戏剧的故事发生在16世纪的威尼斯,当时是世界上最繁荣的商业城市之一。
在这个城市里,商人们不仅从事着贸易活动,还探讨着爱情和友谊的真谛。
威尼斯商人的文化氛围非常地丰富,这也为故事的发展提供了丰富的背景。
主要人物安东尼奥是这部戏剧的主角,他是一位富有、慷慨且正直的商人。
他的朋友巴斯托利奥与维瓦诺是两位活跃在威尼斯社交圈的男人,他们在整个戏剧中扮演了关键的角色。
波西娅是一位已婚妇女,她出现在戏剧中央,成为了安东尼奥和巴斯托利奥之间的情感纠葛的对象。
波蒂亚则是一位贞洁的女性形象,她的出现将安东尼奥的悲剧转化成了一个喜剧。
情节故事以安东尼奥为中心展开。
他的朋友们发现了他们的朋友对波西娅心有所属,于是建议他借钱去追求她。
安东尼奥借了3000杜卡特,以他的贸易船作为抵押品,但不料他的船在贸易路线上遭到了海盗的袭击。
安东尼奥没有了财产,也没有了希望,他陷入了绝望之中。
此时,巴斯托利奥与维瓦诺介绍了一位绰号“皮卡洛”的人物,他可以帮助他们摆脱这场危机。
皮卡洛提出了一个条件,他需要以一磅肉的价格来收回所借的3000杜卡特。
巴斯托利奥与维瓦诺为了解救朋友,答应了皮卡洛的条件。
他们担心的事情却发生了,波西娅的丈夫收到消息,回到了威尼斯。
面对无法违背法律的问题,安东尼奥陷入了绝境。
在危机的关口,波蒂亚出现,她完成了救赎的使命。
她扮成了法官,使用了法律的漏洞,阻止了皮卡洛的邪恶计划。
大家商议决定,将波西娅与维瓦诺成婚,安东尼奥被释放了。
整个故事以喜剧的方式收场,所有的人物都找到了自己的幸福。
意义《威尼斯商人》以优美的语言和抒情的节奏描绘了人性的复杂性。
2019年语文中考名著阅读五 威尼斯商人
知识梳理
作者简介 创作背景 情节导图 内容梗概 剧本高潮 人物关系 人物形象 主题思想
艺术特色
名著勾连 经典感言
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作者简介
莎士比亚(1564~1616)是欧洲文艺复兴 时期人文主义文学的集大成者。代表作有四大悲 剧 《 哈 姆 雷 特 》 ( Hamlet ) 、 《 奥 赛 罗 》 (Othello)、《李尔王》(King Lear)、《麦克 白 》 ( Macbeth ) , 四 大 喜 剧 《 第 十 二 夜 》 、 《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《无事生非》 (人教版教材称《皆大欢喜》)、历史剧《亨利 四世》、《亨利五世》、《理查二世》等,悲剧 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。
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情节导图
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内容梗概
选亲
鲍西娅,一个富人的女儿,按照她父亲的遗 嘱,她得到了三个盒子:一个金盒子,一个银盒 子,还有一个铅盒子。其中一个盒子里面装着她 的画像,如果哪个男人选择了正确的盒子,那么 她将嫁给那个男人。于是,求婚者从世界的四面 八方云集到这儿,都希望能得到她。
内容梗概
鲍西娅对任何人都心怀芥蒂,唯独对有过一 面之缘的巴萨尼奥情有独钟。应征的人如摩洛哥 亲王选了金匣子,阿拉贡亲王选了银匣子,都没 有选中。后来巴萨尼奥选了铅匣子 ,里面放着鲍 西娅的画像和一个手卷,赢得了鲍西娅……
微感悟:①助人为乐乃人之本。②宽容是福,为人不可太
强的报复心。
内容梗概
奇怪的契约
安东尼奥和夏洛克都不喜欢对方:对于安东 尼奥来说,他看不起放高利贷的,另一方面,他 不喜欢夏洛克也因为他是犹太人;对于夏洛克来 说,安东尼奥借钱给人从不收利息,这样就损害
了他的利益。
内容梗概
尽管如此,在这种情况下,夏洛克还是同意 借钱给安东尼奥,而且也不收他的利息;但是夏 洛克提出了一个奇怪的要求:如果安东尼奥拖欠 还款的话,他将会从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉。
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第四章名著阅读第十部《威尼斯商人》主要内容素材
鲍西娅,一个富人的女儿,按照父亲的遗嘱,她得到了三个盒子:一个金盒,一个银盒,还有一个铅盒。
其中一个里面装着她的画像,如果哪个男人选对了盒子,那么她将嫁给那个男人。
于是,求婚者从世界各地云集到这儿,都希望能得到她。
鲍西娅对任何人都心怀戒心,唯独对有过一面之缘的巴萨尼奥情有独钟。
应征的人中,摩洛哥亲王选了金盒子,阿拉贡亲王选了银盒子,都没有选中。
镇上的年轻人巴萨尼奥,他下定决心要赢得鲍西娅。
但是,为了达成自己的愿望,他需要三千达克特,这可是一大笔钱。
于是,他向好友——富商安东尼奥求助,希望安东尼奥能借给他这笔钱。
然而,由于在海上投入的钱还没收回,安东尼奥暂时也无法拿出这么多钱,于是安东尼奥被迫向另外一个富有的犹太放债人——夏洛克借这笔钱。
安东尼奥和夏洛克都不喜欢对方:对于安东尼奥来说,他看不起放高利贷的,另一方面,还因为夏洛克是犹太人;对于夏洛克来说,安东尼奥借钱给人从不收利息,这样就损害了他的利益。
尽管如此,在这种情况下,夏洛克还是同意借钱给安东尼奥,而且也不收他的利息,但是夏洛克提出了一个奇怪的要求:如果安东尼奥不能如期还钱的话,他将会从安东尼奥身上割下一磅肉。
巴萨尼奥去了贝尔蒙特,他选择了正确的盒子——铅盒,也就是装有鲍西娅的画像的盒子,赢得了她。
与此同时,鲍西娅的女仆尼莉莎接受了葛莱西安诺的求婚;夏洛克的女儿杰西卡同自己的爱人克里斯汀·罗伦佐私奔了,并且偷走了她父亲的钱和珠宝。
而夏洛克也因为失去自己的女儿和钱财心情烦乱……当他得知安东尼奥在海上的投资全部丧失的消息之后,他决定向安东尼奥讨回借款。
在法庭上,夏洛克要求安东尼奥履行借约。
鲍西娅和尼莉莎假扮律师,为安东尼奥辩论。
鲍西娅同意夏洛克按照契约规定割下安东尼奥的一磅肉,但是割这一磅肉必须严格按照契约执行,就是不能多割也不能少割,而且不能流一滴血,也不能因此伤害安东尼奥的性命。
夏洛克无法做到,只好认输。
这样,鲍西娅便巧妙地挽救了安东尼奥的性命。
最后,得知是鲍西娅女扮男装出现在法庭上并救了安东尼奥后,巴萨尼奥不禁对自己的这位妻子刮目相看。