2015崇明二模打印版 上海市崇明县2015届高三第二次高考模拟考试化学试题 Word版含答案

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上海市崇明县2016届高三化学第二次模拟考试试题

上海市崇明县2016届高三化学第二次模拟考试试题

崇明县2015学年第二次高考模拟考试试卷化 学(考试时间120分钟,满分150分,请将答案填写在答题纸上)本试卷分为第I 卷和第II 卷两部分相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32 Cl-35.5K-39 Ca-40 Cu-64 Ba-137第I 卷(共66分)一、选择题(本题共10分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项)1.崇明县为“打造世界级生态岛,创建全国文明县城”而采取的下列措施与倡议中,能有效减少PM2.5的是 A .垃圾回收B .绿色出行C .交通整顿D .河道整治 2.碱金属与卤素所形成化合物的性质中不常见的是A .熔沸点较高B .能溶解于水C .溶液能导电D .受热易分解3.下列实验仪器名称正确的是A .具支试管B .坩锅C .三角架D .圆底烧瓶4.PH 3是一种无色剧毒气体,分子结构和NH 3相似。

关于PH 3的说法中错误的是 A .PH 3分子呈三角锥形 B .PH 3分子是极性分子 C .键能:P -H >N -HD .PH 3在空气中易自燃5.下列金属冶炼的反应原理,错误的是A .2NaCl(熔融)−−−→通电2Na + Cl 2↑B .MgO + H 2−−→△Mg + H 2O C .Fe 3O 4 + 4CO −−−→高温3Fe + 4CO 2D .2HgO −−→△2Hg + O 2↑ 二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项) 6.已知33As 、35Br 位于同一周期,下列关系不正确的是A .还原性:As 3->Br ->Cl -B .熔点:As >Br 2>Cl 2C .原子半径:As >Br >ClD .酸性:HCl >HBr >AsH 37.下列有关煤化工和石油化工的说法正确的是A .石油的炼制过程都是化学变化B .煤干馏的液态产物主要有煤焦油、粗氨水C .石油裂解是为了提高汽油等轻质油的产量D .煤的液化是物理变化,煤的气化是化学变化8.将已除去表面氧化膜的铝条和镁条按图示方式插入NaOH 溶液中一段时间,下列叙述正确的是A .该装置中镁条作负极B .该装置中镁条上无气泡产生C .该装置中电子从铝条经导线流向镁条D .该装置中铝条表面产生气泡 9.下列鉴别实验不合理的是 A .通过加热鉴别Na 2CO 3和NaHCO 3B .通过加水溶解鉴别Na 2O 和Na 2O 2C .通过焰色反应鉴别NaCl 和KClD .通过纸上层析法鉴别CuCl 2和FeCl 3 10.在溶液中能共存,加OH -有沉淀析出,加H +能放出气体的是A .Na +、2Cu +、Cl -、24SO -B .2Fe +、K +、2S -、24SO -C .Na +、2Ca +、Cl -、3HCO -D .H +、3Al +、4NH +、23CO -11.pH 相同的两种一元酸HX 和HY 各50mL ,分别加入过量的镁粉充分反应,收集到相同条件下的H 2体积分别为V 1和V 2,若V 1>V 2,下列说法正确的是 A .HX 一定是弱酸 B .相同条件下碱性比较:NaX <NaY C .HX 可能是强酸D .反应过程中两者生成H 2的速率相同12.根据碘与氢气反应的热化学方程式判断正确的是①I 2(g) + H 2(g)2HI(g) + Q 1 ②I 2(s) + H 2(g)2HI(g) - Q 2A .1mol I 2(g)与1mol H 2(g)充分反应放热Q 1 kJB .1mol 气态碘与1mol 固态碘所含的能量相差(Q 1 + Q 2)kJC .反应①的生成物总能量比反应②的生成物总能量高D .稳定性:I 2(g)>I 2(s)13.酸化是化学实验室中常用的操作之一,下列酸化处理正确的是A .检验CH 3CH 2Cl 碱性水解产生的Cl -,先要用稀硫酸酸化,再检验B .KMnO 4溶液通常可用盐酸酸化,以增强氧化性C .配置Fe(NO 3)2溶液时,用硝酸酸化,可抑制水解D .鉴别溶液中是否有24SO -,先用盐酸酸化,再加BaCl 2溶液14.常温下,饱和NaClO 溶液的pH 约为11。

上海市2015届高三模拟(二)化学试卷 Word版含解析.pdf

上海市2015届高三模拟(二)化学试卷 Word版含解析.pdf

2015年上海高考化学模拟试卷(二) 一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意) 1.油脂是重要的工业原料.关于“油脂”的叙述错误的是( ) A. 不能用植物油萃取溴水中的溴 B. 皂化是高分子生成小分子的过程 C. 和H2加成后能提高其熔点及稳定性 D. 水解可得到丙三醇 2.下列说法正确的是( ) A. 电解质溶液的浓度越大,其导电性能一定越强 B. 强酸和强碱一定是强电解质,不论其水溶液浓度大小,都能完全电离 C. 强极性共价化合物不一定都是强电解质 D. 多元酸、多元碱的导电性一定比一元酸、一元碱的导电性强 3.在氯化钠晶体中,若1个Na+周围平均分布着1.5个37Cl,则平均分布着的35Cl数为( ) A. 4.5个 B. 4个 C. 10.5个 D. 1个 4.有关化学和化工生产的说法错误的是( ) A. 硝酸工业的尾气常用NaOH溶液来处理 B. 硫酸工业的尾气常用氨水来处理 C. 可用蘸浓氨水的棉棒检验输送氯气的管道是否漏气 D. 碘是人体必需微量元素,所以要多吃富含高碘酸的食物 5.中科院国家纳米科学中心2013年11月22日宣布,该中心科研人员在国际上首次“拍”到氢键的“照片”,实现了氢键的实空间成像,为“氢键的本质”这一化学界争论了80多年的问题提供了直观证据.这不仅将人类对微观世界的认识向前推进了一大步,也为在分子、原子尺度上的研究提供了更精确的方法.下列说法中正确的是( ) A. 正是氢键的存在,冰能浮在水面上 B. 氢键是自然界中最重要、存在最广泛的化学键之一 C. 由于氢键的存在,沸点:HCl>HBr>HI>HF D. 由于氢键的存在,水分子中氢氧键角是104.50° 二、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意) 6.下列说法错误的是( ) A. CaC2含C≡C键 B. Mg3C2含CC键 C. As4S4含AsAs键 D. S8含S=S键 7.一定条件将C5H12裂解,最多可以得到烯烃的种数是( ) A. 3种 B. 4种 C. 5种 D. 6种 8.已知X、Y、Z、W均为中学化学中常见的单质或化合物,它们之间的转化关系如图所示(部分产物已略去).则W、X不可能是( ) 选项 W X A 盐酸 Na2CO3溶液 B Cl2 Fe C CO2 Ca(OH)2溶液 D NaOH溶液 AlCl3溶液 A. A B. B C. C D. D 9.用压强传感器探究生铁在pH=2和pH=4醋酸溶液中发生腐蚀的装置及得到的图象如下:分析图象,以下结论错误的是( ) A. 溶液pH≤2时,生铁发生析氢腐蚀 B. 在酸性溶液中生铁可能发生吸氧腐蚀 C. 析氢腐蚀和吸氧腐蚀的速率一样快 D. 两溶液中负极反应均为:Fe2e=Fe2+ 10.已知CuSO4溶液分别与Na2CO3溶液、Na2S溶液的反应情况如下: (1)CuSO4+Na2CO3主要:Cu2++CO32+H2O→Cu(OH)2↓+CO2↑次要:Cu2++CO32→CuCO3↓ (2)CuSO4+Na2S主要:Cu2++S2→CuS↓次要:Cu2++S2+2H2O→Cu(OH)2↓+H2S↑ 下列几种物质的溶解度大小的比较中,正确的是( ) A. Cu(OH)2>CuCO3>CuS B. CuS>Cu(OH)2>CuCO3 C. CuS<Cu(OH)2<CuCO3 D. Cu(OH)2<CuCO3<CuS 11.40℃硝酸钾饱和溶液先升温至80℃,在恒温下蒸发部分溶剂至析出少量溶质,然后将溶液逐渐冷却至60℃.下列示意图中能正确表示整个过程中溶液浓度a%与时间t关系的是( ) A. B. C. D. 12.可用电解法将粗铜变为精铜,粗铜作阳极,精铜作阴极,足量硫酸铜溶液作电解液.粗铜在阳极的反应顺序是:Fe2e→Fe2+、Ni2e→Ni2+、Cu2e→Cu2+,杂质金和银不反应形成“阳极泥”.则以下叙述错误的是( ) A. 粗铜接电源的正极 B. 电解一段时间后,溶液中Cu2+减小 C. 若电路中通过1 mol电子,有0.5 mol铜被氧化 D. 阴极反应只有Cu2++2e→Cu 13.向FeI2和FeBr2物质的量之比为1:1的混合溶液中逐滴滴入氯水,下列离子反应不可能发生的是( ) A. 2Fe2++4I+3Cl2→2Fe3++2I2+6Cl B. 2Fe2++2I+2Cl2→2Fe3++I2+4Cl C. 2Fe2++2I+2Br+3Cl2→2Fe3++I2+Br2+6Cl D. 2Fe2++4I+4Br+5Cl2→2Fe3++2I2+2Br2+10Cl 14.阿斯巴甜(Aspartame,结构简式如图),具有清爽的甜味,甜度约为蔗糖的200倍.下列有关阿斯巴甜说法不正确的是( ) A. 分子式为C14H18N2O3,属于蛋白质 B. 水解产物中有两种氨基酸 C. 在一定条件下既能与酸反应又能与碱反应 D. 分子中有苯环、氨基、羧基、肽键和酯的结构 15.下列说法正确的是( ) A. 由于铵盐中是有离子键构成的,因而化学性质相当稳定 B. 分子晶体中都存在分子间作用力,但可能不存在共价键 C. 在常见的四种晶体类型中,都有“原子(离子)半径越大,物质熔点越低”的规律 D. 常温下为气态或液态的物质,其固态时一定会形成分子晶体 16.将17.6克Fe2O3和Cu的混合物溶解于足量的稀盐酸中,再加铁粉9.8克,待铁粉溶解后,溶液中无Fe3+,此过程共产生2.24升H2(标况),则下列判断正确的是( ) A. 混合物中Cu全部被氧化为Cu2+以后,Cu2+又全部被还原 B. 混合物中Cu全部被氧化为Cu2+以后,Cu2+又部分被还原 C. 混合物中Cu部分被氧化为Cu2+以后,Cu2+又全部被还原 D. 混合物中Cu部分被氧化为Cu2+以后,Cu2+又部分被还原 17.某溶液仅含Fe2+、Na+、Al3+、Ba2+、SO42、NO3、Cl中的4种离子,所含离子的物质的量均为1mol.若向该溶液中加入过量的稀硫酸,有气泡产生,且溶液中阴离子种类不变(不考虑水的电离和离子的水解).下列说法不正确的是( ) A. 若向该溶液中加入过量的稀硫酸和KSCN溶液,溶液显血红色 B. 若向该溶液中加入过量的稀硫酸,产生的气体遇空气能变成红棕色 C. 该溶液中所含的离子是:Fe2+、Na+、SO42、NO3 D. 若向该溶液中加入足量的NaOH溶液,充分反应后,过滤、洗涤、灼烧,最终所得固体的质量为72g 三、选择题(每题有1~2个选项符合题意) 18.如图表示从固体混合物中分离X的两种方案,请根据方案1和方案2指出下列说法合理的是( ) A. 可以选用方案1分离碳酸氢钠中含有的氯化铵 B. 方案1中残留物可以受热不易挥发 C. 方案2中加入的试剂一定能够与除X外的物质发生化学反应 D. 方案2中加入NaOH溶液可以分离出SiO2和Fe2O3混合物中的Fe2O3. 19.常温下,pH=11的氨水和pH=1的盐酸等体积混合(混合溶液体积为两溶液体积之和),恰好完全中和,则下列说法错误的是( ) A. 氨水的浓度等于盐酸的浓度 B. 原氨水中有1%的含氮微粒为NH4+ C. 氨水中水电离出的c(H+)是盐酸中水电离出的c(H+)的100倍 D. 混合溶液中c(NH4+)+c(NH3?H2O)+c(NH3)=5×104mol?L1 20.已知下表数据: 物质 Fe(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 完全沉淀时的pH范围 ≥9.6 ≥6.4 ≥3 对于含等物质的量的CuSO4、FeSO4、Fe2(SO4)3的混合溶液,下列说法正确的是( ) A. 向该混合溶液中逐滴加入NaOH溶液,最先看到的是红褐色沉淀 B. 该溶液中c(SO42):[c(Cu2+)+c(Fe2+)+c(Fe3+)]>5:4 C. 向该溶液中加入适量氯水,调节pH到4~5后过滤,可获得纯净的CuSO4溶液 D. 向该溶液中加入适量氨水,调节pH到9.6后过滤,将所得沉淀灼烧,可得等物质的量的CuO、FeO、Fe2O3三种固体的混合物 21.要测定某Na2CO3和NaHCO3混合物中Na2CO3的质量分数可采取不同的方法,取a克样品与一定量稀盐酸(过量)充分反应后,下列说法正确的是( ) A. 逸出气体若用碱石灰吸收,增重b克.则测定混合物中Na2CO3的质量分数偏小 B. 把所得溶液加热蒸干,并灼烧至恒重,得b克固体.蒸干过程中若未搅拌,则所测Na2CO3的质量分数可能偏大 C. 某NaOH标准溶液露置于空气中一段时间后,以甲基橙为指示剂,仍用此碱液滴定上述反应后的溶液,则所测Na2CO3的质量分数偏大 D. 产生的气体冷却至室温后,若测定其体积时忘记调平量气管和水准管内液面,则导致Na2CO3的质量分数偏小 22.HF气体分子间容易缔合.某HF气体由HF、(HF)2、(HF)3三者混合而成,其平均相对分子质量为42,则(HF)3的体积分数可能为( ) A. 51% B. 56% C. 49% D. 10% 四、(12分) 23.(12分)(2015?上海模拟)工业废水中常含有一定量的Cr2O72和CrO42,它们对人类及生态系统产生很大损害,必须进行处理后方可排放.常用的处理方法有两种. 方法1:还原沉淀法.该法的工艺流程为:ClOCl2OCl3+Cl(OH)3↓,其中第①步存在平衡:2CrO42 (黄色)+2H+?Cr2O72 (橙色)+H2O (1)若第①步中平衡体系的pH=2,则该溶液显 色;向该溶液中加入Ba(NO3)2溶液(已知BaCrO4为黄色沉淀)则平衡 移动(填“向左”或“向右”或“不变”),溶液颜色将 . (2)能说明第①步反应达平衡状态的是 (选填编号) A.Cr2O72和CrO42的浓度相同 B.2v(Cr2O72)=v(CrO42) C.溶液的颜色不变 (3)若改变条件使平衡状态的第①步反应向正反应方向移动,则该反应 (选填编号) A.平衡常数K值可以不改变 B.再达平衡前正反应速率一定大于逆反应速率 C.Cr2O72的浓度一定增大 D.平衡移动时正反应速率一定先增大后减小 (4)第②步中,还原1mol Cr2O72离子,需要 mol的FeSO4?7H2O. (5)第③步生成的Cr(OH)3在溶液中存在以下沉淀溶解平衡:Cr(OH)3(s)?Cr3+(aq)+3OH(aq) 常温下,Cr(OH)3的溶度积Ksp=1032,要使c(Cr3+)降至105mol/L,溶液的pH应调至 . 方法2:电解法.该法用Fe做电极电解含Cr2O72的酸性废水,随着电解的进行,在阴极附近溶液pH升高,产生Cr(OH)3沉淀. (6)①用Fe做电极的原因为 . ②在阴极附近溶液pH升高的原因是(用电极反应解释) ,溶液中同时生成的沉淀还有 . 五、(12分) 24.(12分)(2015?上海模拟)硼是第ⅢA族元素. (1)B原子的电子有 个不同的能级;晶体硼熔点为2300℃,则其为 晶体. (2)BF3分子为平面正三角形,则BF3属于 分子(填“极性”或“非极性”); 某同学列了一个比较通常化合物中离子半径大小的关系式:H>Li+>Be2+>B3+,这是个前提错误的式子,原因是 . (3)原子个数相同、价电子数也相同的分子(或离子)叫“等电子体”,等电子体有相似的结构. B3N3H6与苯是等电子体,试写出其结构式 . (4)NaBH4可用于电镀(3Ni3B+Ni)为耐腐蚀的坚硬镀层. 10NiCl2+8NaBH4+17NaOH+3 →(3Ni3B+Ni)+5NaB(OH)4+20NaCl+□H2↑ ①完成并配平以上化学方程式. ②反应中H元素化合价发生的变化是 . (5)B原子只有3个价电子,形成的化合物大多属于“缺电子化合物”,其中的B原子还能接受其它物质中氧(或氮等)原子的孤对电子形成“配位键”.硼酸[H3BO3或B(OH)3]是一元弱酸,它的水溶液之所以呈弱酸性并非本身电离出H+,而是硼酸与水作用时,与水电离产生的OH结合,导致溶液中c(H+)>c(OH).用离子方程式表示硼酸呈酸性的原因 . 六、(12分) 25.(12分)(2015?上海模拟)二氧化钛广泛应用于各类结构表面涂料、纸张涂层等,二氧化钛还可作为制备钛单质的原料.现在工业由以下两种方法制备二氧化钛: 方法1:可用含有Fe2O3、SiO2的钛铁矿(主要成分为FeTiO3,其中Ti元素化合价为+4价)制取,其主要工艺流程如下: 已知有关反应包括:酸溶FeTiO3(s)+2H2SO4(aq)→FeSO4(aq)+TiOSO4(aq)+2H2O(l)水解TiOSO4(aq)+2H2O(l)→H2TiO3(s)+H2SO4(aq) (1)试剂A为 ,钛液Ⅰ需冷却至70℃左右,若温度过高会导致产品收率降低,原因是 ; (2)取少量酸洗后的H2TiO3,加入盐酸并振荡,滴加KSCN溶液后无明显现象,再加H2O2后出现红色,说明H2TiO3中存在的杂质离子是 .这种H2TiO3即使用水充分洗涤,煅烧后获得的TiO2会略发黄,发黄的杂质是 (填化学式). 方法2: Ⅰ.将干燥后的金红石(主要成分TiO2,主要杂质SiO2)与碳粉混合装入氯化炉中,在高温下通入Cl2反应制得混有SiCl4杂质的TiCl4; Ⅱ.将SiCl4分离,得到纯净的TiCl4; Ⅲ.在TiCl4中加水、加热,水解得到沉淀TiO2?xH2O,洗涤和干燥; IV.TiO2?xH2O高温分解得到TiO2. (3)TiCl4水解生成TiO2?x H2O的化学方程式为 ; (4)检验TiO2?x H2O中Cl是否被除净的方法是 ; 金属钛被称为“21世纪金属”,工业制备金属钛是在800~900℃及惰性气体的保护下,在密闭反应器中,将TiCl4以一定的流速通入通电熔化的镁即可.主要涉及以下反应: ①TiO2+2Cl2+CTiCl4+CO2 ②TiCl4+2Mg→2MgCl2+Ti (5)下列推断不合理的是 A.钛在高温下可能易与氧气反应 B.镁的熔点比钛的熔点高 C.钛的金属活动性比镁的金属活动性强 D.反应②产生的MgCl2可作为电解法制取镁的原料 (6)请完成以TiO2、Cl2和焦炭为原料制取金属Ti和Mg的流程图,并用箭头标明物料循环. 七、(12分) 26.(12分)(2015?上海模拟)由软锰矿制备高锰酸钾的主要反应如下: 熔融氧化3MnO2+KClO3+6KOH3K2MnO4+KCl+3H2O 加酸歧化3K2MnO4+2CO2→2KMnO4+MnO2↓+2K2CO3 已知相关物质的溶解度(20℃) 物质 K2CO3 KHCO3 K2SO4 KMnO4 溶解度g/100g 111 33.7 11.1 6.34 完成下列填空: (1)在实验室进行“熔融氧化”操作时,应选用铁棒、坩埚钳和 .(填序号) a.表面皿 b.蒸发皿 c.铁坩埚 d.泥三角 (2)加酸时不宜用硫酸的原因是 ;不宜用盐酸的原因是 . (3)采用电解法也可实现K2MnO4的转化,2K2MnO4+2H2O2KMnO4+2KOH+H2↑.与原方法相比,电解法的优势为 . (4)草酸钠滴定法测定高锰酸钾的质量分数步骤如下: (已知 涉及到的反应:Na2C2O4+H2SO4→H2C2O4(草酸)+Na2SO45H2C2O4+2MnO4+6H+→2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2ONa2C2O4的式量:134、KMnO4的式量:158) Ⅰ称取0.80g 的高锰酸钾产品,配成50mL溶液. Ⅱ称取0.2014gNa2C2O4,置于锥形瓶中,加入蒸馏水使其溶解,再加入少量硫酸酸化. Ⅲ将瓶中溶液加热到75~80℃,趁热用Ⅰ中配制的高锰酸钾溶液滴定至终点.消耗高锰酸钾溶液8.48mL,则样品中高锰酸钾的质量分数为 (保留3位小数).达到滴定终点的标志是 . (5)加热温度大于90℃,部分草酸发生分解,会导致测得产品纯度 .(填“偏高”、“偏低”或“无影响”) (6)将一定量高锰酸钾溶液与酸化的草酸钠溶液混合,测得反应溶液中Mn2+的浓度随反应时间t的变化如图,其原因可能为 . 八、(10分) 27.(10分)(2015?上海模拟)二茂铁(如图)是一种有机过渡金属化合物,不溶于水,易溶于苯、乙醚等有机溶剂.由烃A可制备二茂铁.A分子是一种没有侧链的环状结构,其一氯取代物有三种,1molA最多可与2molBr2加成,其与Br2的1:1加成只得两种产物. (1)A的结构简式为 . (2)下列说法正确的是 . A.烃A具有烯烃的性质 B.烃A具有苯的性质 C.烃A分子中所有的碳原子可能在同一平面 D.烃A不可能发生取代反应 (3)写出A的1,4加成聚合反应的化学方程式 二茂铁氯乙酰是有机合成的中间体,下面是其合成路线: (4)写出有关物质的化学式:试剂A ,C (结构简式). (5)B→C的反应类型是 ,最终合成二茂铁乙酰氯的反应类型是 . (6)写出C与足量NaOH溶液反应的化学方程式: . 九、(12分) 28.(12分)(2015?上海模拟)萘普生是重要的消炎镇痛药.以下是它的一种合成路线: 已知:萘()的化学性质与苯相似. (1)反应①的反应类型是 .萘普生的分子式是 . (2)反应②的试剂和条件是 .反应③的产物是D和 (填化学式). (3)若省略反应②和⑤,B物质与C2H5COCl反应,除生成H( )外,最有可能生成的副产物(与H互为同分异构体)的结构简式是 . (4)X是D一种同分异构体,具有以下特点: ①萘的衍生物;②有两个取代基且在同一个苯环上;③在NaOH溶液中完全水解,含萘环的水解产物中有5种化学环境不同的氢.写出X可能的结构简式 (任写一种). (5)根据已有知识并结合上述合成路线中的相关信息写出以苯和CH3COCl为原料制备:的合成路线流程图(无机试剂任用).(合成路线常用的表示方式为:AB…目标产物) 十、(14分) 29.(14分)(2015?上海模拟)金属镁是一种活泼的常见金属,有着广泛的用途.如图是金属镁和卤素反应的能量变化图(反应物和产物均为298K时的稳定状态). (1)下列选项中正确的是 (填序号). ①MgI2中Mg2+与I间的作用力小于MgF2中Mg2+与F间的作用力 ②MgBr2与Cl2反应是放热反应 ③化合物的热稳定性顺序为:MgI2>MgBr2>MgCl2>MgF2 (2)请写出在一定条件下液溴与氟化镁固体反应的热化学方程式: . 已知,金属镁在点燃的条件下能与二氧化碳反应:2Mg+CO2→2MgO+C 现将a克镁放在盛有b L(标准状态下)二氧化碳和氧气的混合气体的密闭容器中充分燃烧, (3)若容器中剩余二氧化碳,则残留固体物质 . A.一定只有MgO B.一定有MgO,可能有C C.一定有MgO和C D.一定有C,可能有MgO (4)若反应容器中有氧气剩余,则容器内剩余固体的质量为 ,出现此种状况,容器中原来b L混合气体中氧气的体积应满足(用含a的代数式) . (5)若容器中无气体剩余,残留固体中含有镁,则残留固体m的取值范围 ;若容器中无气体剩余,残留固体中没有镁剩余,则残留固体m的取值范围 . 2015年上海高考化学模拟试卷(二) 参考答案与试题解析 一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意) 1.油脂是重要的工业原料.关于“油脂”的叙述错误的是( ) A. 不能用植物油萃取溴水中的溴 B. 皂化是高分子生成小分子的过程 C. 和H2加成后能提高其熔点及稳定性 D. 水解可得到丙三醇 考点: 油脂的性质、组成与结构. 专题: 有机化学基础. 分析: A.植物油的主要成分为不饱和高级脂肪酸甘油酯; B.油脂相对分子质量较小不是高分子化合物,生成的高级脂肪酸钠也不是高分子化合物; C.油脂中的不饱和高级脂肪酸甘油酯与氢气加成后生成饱和的高级脂肪酸甘油酯; D.油脂是高级脂肪酸和甘油形成的酯,水解后可以得到甘油,即丙三醇. 解答: 解:A.植物油的主要成分为不饱和高级脂肪酸甘油酯,分子中含有双键能够与溴反应,故A正确; B.油脂是高级脂肪酸和甘油(丙三醇)形成的酯,不属于高分子,所以油脂皂化不是高分子生成小分子的过程,故B错误; C.油脂和H2加成后油脂中的不饱和高级脂肪酸甘油酯转化成饱和的高级脂肪酸甘油酯,其熔点及稳定性均得到提高,故C正确; D.油脂是高级脂肪酸和甘油形成的酯,水解后可以得到甘油,即丙三醇,故D正确; 故选:B. 点评: 本题考查了油脂的结构和性质,题目难度不大,解题关键在于熟悉油脂的结构和性质,注意油脂不是高分子化合物. 2.下列说法正确的是( ) A. 电解质溶液的浓度越大,其导电性能一定越强 B. 强酸和强碱一定是强电解质,不论其水溶液浓度大小,都能完全电离 C. 强极性共价化合物不一定都是强电解质 D. 多元酸、多元碱的导电性一定比一元酸、一元碱的导电性强 考点: 强电解质和弱电解质的概念. 专题: 物质的分类专题. 分析: A.溶液的导电能力与离子浓度与离子的电荷有关; B.浓硫酸是强酸的溶液,硫酸大部分以硫酸分子的形式存在; C.强极性共价化合物是否能在水溶液中完全电离是判断其是否为强电解质的标准; D.溶液的导电能力与离子浓度与离子的电荷有关,浓度越大、所带电荷越多,导电能力越强. 解答: 解:A.溶液的导电能力与离子浓度与离子的电荷有关,浓度越大、所带电荷越多,导电能力越强,弱电解质在溶液中部分电离,电解质溶液浓度大,弱电解质的电离程度反而小,如冰醋酸浓度很大,但电离出来的离子却很少,导电能力弱,故A错误; B.98.3%浓硫酸是强酸硫酸的溶液,由于水太少,硫酸大部分以硫酸分子的形式存在,故B错误; C.氟的非金属性最强,HF强极性共价化合物,但HF在水溶液中部分电离,为弱电解质,故C正确; D.溶液的导电能力与离子浓度与离子的电荷有关,浓度越大、所带电荷越多,导电能力越强,与几元酸碱无关,如磷酸是三元酸,但其为弱酸,同浓度电离出的离子浓度不及二元酸硫酸,故D错误; 故选C. 点评: 本题综合性较大,涉及强电解质、导电能力、极性等,难度不大,掌握物质的性质是解题的关键,平时注意基础知识的积累. 3.在氯化钠晶体中,若1个Na+周围平均分布着1.5个37Cl,则平均分布着的35Cl数为( ) A. 4.5个 B. 4个 C. 10.5个 D. 1个 考点: 晶胞的计算. 分析: 氯元素同位素有37Cl、35Cl两种,氯化钠晶体中钠离子配位数为6,据此计算. 解答: 解:氯元素同位素有37Cl、35Cl两种,氯化钠晶体中钠离子配位数为6,若1个Na+周围平均分布着1.5个37Cl,则平均分布着的35Cl数为61.5=4.5,故选A. 点评: 本题考查晶胞有关计算,难度不大,注意熟记中学常见晶胞结构,有利于基础知识的巩固. 4.有关化学和化工生产的说法错误的是( ) A. 硝酸工业的尾气常用NaOH溶液来处理 B. 硫酸工业的尾气常用氨水来处理 C. 可用蘸浓氨水的棉棒检验输送氯气的管道是否漏气 D. 碘是人体必需微量元素,所以要多吃富含高碘酸的食物 考点: 常见的生活环境的污染及治理. 专题: 元素及其化合物;化学应用. 分析: A.氮氧化物可被NaOH溶液来处理; B.二氧化硫是酸性氧化物,可用碱性物质氨水来处理; C.3Cl2+8NH3N2+6NH4Cl,该反应中产生白烟; D.碘是人体必需微量元素,摄入过少或过多对人均有害,而且高碘酸具有极强的酸性和腐蚀性. 解答: 解:A.硝酸生产中尾气为氮氧化物常用NaOH溶液来处理,处理原理:2NO2+2NaOH=NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O,NO2+NO+2NaOH=2NaNO2+H2O,故A正确; B.硫酸工业的尾气中含有二氧化硫,二氧化硫是酸性氧化物,可用碱性物质氨水来处理,故B正确; C.3Cl2+8NH3N2+6NH4Cl,利用该反应中产生白烟现象来检验氯气管道是否漏气,故C正确; D.碘是人体必需微量元素,摄入过少或过多对人均有害,而且高碘酸具有极强的酸性和腐蚀性,不能多吃富含高碘酸的食物,故D错误; 故选D. 点评: 本题考查了生产生活中常见的污染与治理等问题,难度不大. 5.中科院国家纳米科学中心2013年11月22日宣布,该中心科研人员在国际上首次“拍”到氢键的“照片”,实现了氢键的实空间成像,为“氢键的本质”这一化学界争论了80多年的问题提供了直观证据.这不仅将人类对微观世界的认识向前推进了一大步,也为在分子、原子尺度上的研究提供了更精确的方法.下列说法中正确的是( ) A. 正是氢键的存在,冰能浮在水面上 B. 氢键是自然界中最重要、存在最广泛的化学键之一 C. 由于氢键的存在,沸点:HCl>HBr>HI>HF D. 由于氢键的存在,水分子中氢氧键角是104.50° 考点: 含有氢键的物质. 专题: 化学键与晶体结构. 分析: A.冰中分子排列有序,含有氢键数目增多; B.氢键属于分子间作用力,不属于化学键; C.卤素的氢化物中只有HF含有氢键; D.键角是共价键的参数,与氢键无关. 解答: 解:A.冰中分子排列有序,含有氢键数目增多,使体积膨胀,密度减小,所以冰能浮在水面上,是氢键的原因,故A正确; B.氢键属于分子间作用力,不属于化学键,故B错误; C.卤素的氢化物中只有HF含有氢键,卤素的氢化物的沸点:HF>HI>HBr>HCl,故C错误; D.键角是共价键的参数,氢键不是共价键,是分子间作用力,所以键角与氢键无关,故D错误. 故选A. 点评: 本题考查氢键的形成与性质,题目难度不大,注意氢键与分子间作用力、化学键的区别,易错点为氢键对物质性质的影响. 二、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意) 6.下列说法错误的是( ) A. CaC2含C≡C键 B. Mg3C2含CC键 C. As4S4含AsAs键 D. S8含S=S键 考点: 化学键;不同晶体的结构微粒及微粒间作用力的区别. 分析: A.CaC2可水解生成HC≡CH; B.Mg3C2中C元素化合价为3价,可水解生成C2H6; C.根据As4S4的结构判断; D.S8分子中每个S原子与另外2个S原子形成SS单键. 解答: 解:A.CaC2可水解生成HC≡CH,可知CaC2含C≡C键,故A正确; B.Mg3C2中C元素化合价为3价,可水解生成C2H6,则Mg3C2含CC键,故B正确; C.As4S4的结构为,可知含有AsAs键,故C正确; D.S8分子是皇冠形,上面4个硫,下面4个硫,依次连成键,一个S8分子中含8个SS键,不含S=S键,故D错误. 故选D. 点评: 本题考查化学键知识,为高频考点,侧重于学生的分析能力的考查,注意把握物质的结构和共价键的形成,难度中等. 7.一定条件将C5H12裂解,最多可以得到烯烃的种数是( ) A. 3种 B. 4种 C. 5种 D. 6种 考点: 石油的裂化和裂解. 专题: 有机化合物的获得与应用. 分析: 裂解是深度裂化是将石油中大分子分解为小分子的过程,目的是得到小分子的烯烃,C5H12 有三种裂解方式分别是:C5H12 →CH4+C4H8;C5H12 →C2H6+C3H6;C5H12 →C3H8+C2H4,据此解答. 解答: 解:C5H12 有三种裂解方式分别是:C5H12 →CH4+C4H8;C5H12 →C2H6+C3H6;C5H12 →C3H8+C2H4, C4H8的烯烃有3种分别是:CH3CH2CH=CH2,CH3CH=CHCH3,CH3(CH3)C=CH2; C3H6的烯烃是丙烯; C2H4的烯烃是乙烯; 所以最多可以得到5中烯烃,故选C. 点评: 本题考查了裂解的定义,题目难度不大理解裂解的含义,明确C5H12裂解的方式及熟悉同分异构体的判断是解题的关键. 8.已知X、Y、Z、W均为中学化学中常见的单质或化合物,它们之间的转化关系如图所示(部分产物已略去).则W、X不可能是( ) 选项 W X A 盐酸 Na2CO3溶液 B Cl2 Fe C CO2 Ca(OH)2溶液 D NaOH溶液 AlCl3溶液 A. A B. B C. C D. D 考点: 无机物的推断. 专题: 元素及其化合物. 分析: X和过量W,少量W反应生成本题物质YZ,Y和Z又可以相互转化,说明X若是单质,X乙酸化合价存在变价,只能是非金属单质;若X是化合物,则是酸性氧化物与碱反应,量不同产物不同,生成的正盐和酸式盐可以相互转化;或X为多元弱酸的盐与酸反应,量不同产物不同,结合选项分析判断. 解答: 解:A、X为Na2CO3,W为盐酸时,碳酸钠和少量盐酸反应生成碳酸氢钠,碳酸钠和过量盐酸反应生成二氧化碳,能实现上述转化关系,故A不选; B、氯气和铁反应,无论量多少,只能生成氯化铁,不符合上述转化关系,故B选; C、X为氢氧化钙,W为二氧化碳,氢氧化钙与少量二氧化碳反应生成碳酸钙沉淀,和过量二氧化碳反应生成碳酸氢钙,碳酸钙和碳酸氢钙间可以相互转化,符合转化关系,故C不选; D、氯化铝和氢氧化钠溶液反应,生成氢氧化铝沉淀溶于强碱,能实现上述转化,故D不选; 故选B. 点评: 本题考查了物质转化的关系应用,物质性质的应用,主要考查量不同产物不同的反应特征和物质判断. 9.用压强传感器探究生铁在pH=2和pH=4醋酸溶液中发生腐蚀的装置及得到的图象如下:分析图象,以下结论错误的是( ) A. 溶液pH≤2时,生铁发生析氢腐蚀 B. 在酸性溶液中生铁可能发生吸氧腐蚀。

2015年上海高三二模计算题汇编(附带答案)

2015年上海高三二模计算题汇编(附带答案)

2015年高三二模计算题汇编【2015崇明二模】十、(本题共14分)金属除了可以形成氧化物,氢化物之外,还能以碳化物、氮化物等形式存在,请根据题意完成下列计算:57、某CaC2样品中含碳量为25%(杂质不含碳),该CaC2样品中CaC2的质量分数为。

58、已知2Mg3N2 +3CO2 → 3C+6MgO+2N2,10.0g Mg3N2与标准状况下4.48L CO2反应,固体质量增加g。

第IIA族碳化物Be2C与CaC2组成的混合物与一定量的水反应,相关数据如下:实验组号①②③④碳化物(g) 6.2 9.3 15.5 21.7水(mL)18 18 18 18气体(L,标准状3.36 5.04 8.4左右8.4左右况)59、求该混合物中Be2C与CaC2的物质的量之比。

60、与18mL水恰好完全反应消耗该金属碳化物样品的质量是多少克?(保留一位小数)答案:十、(共14分)57.0.667或66.7% (3分)58.3.8 (3分)59.2:1 (4分)60.12.4(4分)【2015奉贤二模】十、(本题共14分)碱金属元素按原子序数增大,依次为:锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)、钫(Fr,放射性元素)。

请回答:52、常温常压下,将一定量锂单质投入到一定量重水中,锂完全反应,产生1.6g气体,过滤得到6.75g沉淀和100mL澄清溶液。

则得到的澄清溶液中溶质的物质的量浓度为。

53、钠钾合金许多特殊反应中有着非常重要的应用。

取59.80g钠钾合金和一定量四氯化碳在一定条件下恰好完全反应,制造出5.40g纳米级金刚石粉末。

则该钠钾合金中钠元素和钾元素的质量比为。

54、某同学在实验室模拟制备纯碱。

0.600 mol NH3和35.100g食盐混合,得到氨盐水总质量为105.300 g。

向该溶液通入CO2至反应完全,过滤,得到滤液88.200g,则NaHCO3的产率为______________。

崇明县2015年高三英语二模试卷

崇明县2015年高三英语二模试卷

崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷高三英语(考试时间120分钟,满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上)第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speak e rs. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Doctor and patient. B. Bank clerk and customer.C. Waiter and customer.D. Shop assistant and customer.2. A. In a café. B. In a stationary shop. C. In a kitchen. D. In a food market.3. A. The weather won’t be fine. B. The man has called to cancel their plan.C. T hey have got no permission.D. The woman has to look after her nephew.4. A. S he wanted to see what the man bought. B. The man bought a lot of books.C. She didn’t like the books the man bought.D. The man shouldn’t have bought books.5. A. At 2:50. B. At 3:25. C. At 3:50. D. At 4:50.6. A. Bob’s mouth is getting bad. B. Bob spoke ill of the man.C. Bob doesn’t like the woman.D. Bob’s proud of the man’s success.7. A. The wool sweaters. B. The cool weather. C. Their plan in August. D. The summer vacation.8. A. His annual checkup should be at 4:15 today.B. He has no time to take the annual checkup tomorrow.C. He made a mistake about the date of his annual checkup.D. His annual checkup needs to be postponed until tomorrow.9. A. We should care more about the danger of drunk driving.B. People killed in traffic accidents are mostly drunk drivers.C. Drunk drivers shouldn’t be responsible for traffic accidents.D. We have paid enough attention to the danger of drunk driving.10. A. Buy a new car. B. Look for a less expensive car.C. Buy a car from the woman.D. Help the woman paint her car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.高三英语共10页第1页11. A. 74 centimeters. B. 110 centimeters. C. 220 centimeters. D. 276 centimeters.12. A. It has legs. B. It flies at night. C. It is solar-powered. D. It is the longest.13. A. Michelle Obama’s helping educate girls in Japan.B. Japan’s feedback on the White House’s initiative.C. The reason for proposing Let Girls Learn initiative.D. Michelle Obama’s promoting an initiative in Japan.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. V oice our opinion where we have experience.B. Be brave enough to ask questions in LinkedIn.C. Give our sincere suggestions to the employers.D. Invite experts to write recommendations for us.15. A. To share interesting articles. B. To better sell ourselves.C. To learn about new job openings.D. To chat with people in our field.16. A. In the digital age, finding a job is only a piece of cake.B. Social media plays an important role in the job search.C. Digital equipment is becoming more and more popular.D. Online conversations can improve a job hunter’s abilities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.高三英语共10页第2页II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)After 30 years (25)_____ a pilot, Captain Peter Elliott got to fly holiday-makers on a Thomas Cook flight from Birmingham, UK, to Tenerife, Spain with his daughter.Senior First Officer Laura Elliott (26)_____(fly) for six years but has never before got to work with her father. ―It’s my dream to be able to fly with my Dad,‖ she said.It had seemed unlikely that the pair would ever co-pilot (27)_____ same aircraft because Miss Elliott learned to fly on Airbus planes when she joined the company in 2009, and her father flew Boeings. However, after Peter Elliott, 59, retrained to fly Airbuses, their dream of flying together came true.Miss Elliott, 30, became interested in flying when (28)_____(inspire) by her father with a trial flight as her birthday present. Miss Elliott said: ―Becoming a pilot was never something I had considered. It was only when my Dad bought me a trial flight for my 18th birthday (29)_____ I considered following in my Dad’s footsteps.‖The pair finally sat in the cockpit (驾驶员座舱) together and Mr Elliott made an announcement to passengers (30)_____ the flight made it a special day for him as he was flying with his daughter.Miss Elliott recalled the flight, (31)_____(say), ―I was initially nervous and he kept asking (32)_____ I was nervous or not. It was like going for a driving lesson with him. Thankfully, everything went smoothly and the passengers loved it. If it ever happens again, I will definitely be a lot(33)_____(relaxed).‖(B)Has the world just witnessed its first ever robot suicide? Boring housework was seemingly too much for one cleaning robot to take, when it apparently rebelled and decided to end it all.The robot was given the tiresome task of cleaning up some spilt grain before it climbed on to a kitchen hotplate (34)_____ it destroyed itself, according to reports in Austria. It had reportedly grown tired of (35)_____(force) to clean the house every day and decided to become a martyr(殉道者) to the robot cause.―Somehow it seem s (36)_____(restart) itself again before it made its way along the work surface. Then it pushed a cooking pot out of the way and basically that was the end of it,‖ explained fireman Helmut Kniewasser, who (37)_____(call) to deal with the fire at Hinterstoder in Kirchdorf. ―It pretty quickly started to melt underneath and then stuck to the kitchen hotplate. It then caught fire. (38)_____ _____ _____ we arrived, it had become just a pile of ash.‖ He added: ―The entire building (39)_____ _____be evacuated (疏散) and there was severe smoke damage particularly in the flat in which the robot had been in use. ―It’s a mystery how it came to be started and ended up making its way to the hotplate.‖ (40)_____ took an hour to clean and make the building safe. The homeowner plans to charge the robot’s manufacturer.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.高三英语共10页第3页Young children may face serious health risks from popular energy drinks, such as Monster, Red Bull and Rock Star, 41 causing heart problems and other life-threatening conditions, according to the findings of new researches.During a presentation at the annual Cardiac Scientific Sessions 2014 meeting of the American Heart Association (AHA), researchers warned about the risk of allowing young children 42 to the energy drinks, which contain high amounts of caffeine(咖啡因) and other stimulants.Researches 43 that the energy drinks are not intended for young children and are not safe for them to consume. Steven Lipshultz, M.D., lead author of the study, is calling for a warning on all energy drink cans and bottles, warning parents of the risk of allowing children to drink them.Researchers say it is difficult to know exactly how much caffeine is contained in each can or bottle of energy drinks, since they are often 44 as dietary supplements (补充物), which allow the manufacturers to avoid FDA regulations.Energy drink manufacturers have compared the amount of caffeine in their products to that in hot drinks sold in coffee houses, but their products are often packaged in very large sizes and they are not sold in 45 environments like coffee houses, which typically would not serve young children. Energy drinks are widely available in 46 stores next to traditional soft drinks, typically packaged in very similar cans and using similar marketing techniques.Some energy drinks in many of the popular lines can contain up to 400 mg of caffeine per can. In comparison, a cup of coffee typically has around 100 mg of caffeine. Caffeine poisoning can occur in adults at levels higher than 400 mg a day; however, children under 12 can 47 caffeine poisoning at only 2.5 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight.A study published in September 48 up the new findings, revealing energy drinks may cause serious heart problems. French researchers revealed the popular energy drinks may be linked to 49 risk of irregular heartbeats and even sudden death.The FDA is 50 investigating health concerns surrounding the drinks after numerous negative event reports have been made in recent years connecting energy drinks to severe injuries and deaths.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.The business is 51 . And it’s booming.The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wages steadily 52 before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的) wages across the labor market, the language-service industry with its 50,000 jobs is a 53 spot in the jobs outlook.Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and is routinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. ―The risks can be huge,‖ said Clementi, ―There’s tons of 54 pressure.‖高三英语共10页第4页In some cases, a(n) 55 translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user’s guide for medical equipment is not translated well, it could lead to 56 during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives 57 .Translators’ and interpreters’ immunity(免疫力) to the nation’s economic downturn also 58 the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.―Good translators who 59 a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,‖ said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association.Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raise the need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content 60 to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language.―As more people 61 the worldwide economy, that’s going to drive more commerce, and t hat’s going to drive more language services,‖ said Bill Rivers, executive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.62 , qualifications for translators and interpreters are not as simple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a 63 skill beyond knowing the language.Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpreters maintain a 64 , such as legal documents, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry.Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate65 raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.51. A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy52. A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained53. A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough54. A. money B. peer C. blood D. time55. A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative56. A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion57. A. in order B. at risk C. under control D. out of state58. A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists59. A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to60. A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored61. A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on62. A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise63. A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile64. A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty65. A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediatelySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.高三英语共10页第5页(A)Warner Brothers has announced more Harry Potter movies are on the way. The studio is working with Potter author J. K. Rowling to create a new franchise (特需经营权) of movies based on ―Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them‖, which is a fictitious textbook in the Harry Potter world. The story will also follow the adventures of the book’s author, Newt Scamander. Rowling, for the first time, will pen the screenplay.It comes as no surprise that Warner Brothers is trying to keep the Harry Potter franchise going. The films alone have earned $7.7 billion at the box office. The franchise has probably almost doubled those earnings on home video and TV sales. Then there’s the many Harry Potter products that fans still snatch up.But at some point, Harry Potter could seem old hat and that’s not something Warner Bro thers wants to see happen. So executives had three choices: restart the franchise, come up with continuations or spin off part of the Potter world into a new movie.Without books to support the new stories, the upcoming movies could be a tougher sell for Warner Brother s. Harry and friends won’t appear at all in the new movies which will be set in New York 70 years before Harry Potter heads to Hogwarts.The new stories will also net video games, products and e nhance Rowling’s website.Here’s Rowling on the upcoming franchise:It all started when Warner Brother s came to me with the suggestion of turning ―Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them‖ into a film. I thought it was a fun idea, but the idea of seeing New t Scamander, the supposed author of ―Fantastic Beasts‖, realized by another writer was difficult. Having lived for so long in my fictional universe, I feel very protective of it and I already knew a lot about Newt. As Harry Potter fans will know, I liked him so much that I even married his grandson, Rolf, to one of my favourite characters from the Harry Potter series, Luna Lovegood.As I considered Warners’ proposal, an idea took shape that I couldn’t get rid of. That is how I could express my own idea for a film to Warner Brothers.Although it will be set in the worldwide community of wizards (巫师) where I was so happy for seventeen years, it is neither a previous work nor a continuation to the Harry Potter series, but an extension of the wizarding world. The laws and customs of the hidden magical society will be familiar to anyone who has read the Harry Potter books or seen the films, but Newt’s story will start in New York, seventy years before Harry gets underway.66. The phrase ―snatch up‖ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ―_____‖.A. rush to purchaseB. give up reluctantlyC. make profits fromD. take away by force67. What made Rowling accept Warner Brothers’ proposal?A. Her eagerness to try writing for the screenplay.B. Her unwillingness to see others write the story.C. The attraction of earning more at the box office.D. The film company’s promise to enhance her website.68. It is implied in the passage that creating and selling the new movies may be _____.A. inspiringB. embarrassingC. disappointingD. challenging69. What is the passage mainly about?A. Warner Brothers’ expanded partnership with Harry Potter author.B. Warner Brothers’ success and development in Harry Potter series.C. Rowling’s view on the upcoming franchise of Harry Potter movies.D. Rowling’s creative ideas for the cooperation with Warner Brothers.高三英语共10页第6页(B)Health & Fitness MembershipsThe Brio Health & Fitness Membership packages offer great value for money withno joining fee, no contract, flexibility and choice --- making your health and fitness 12 months for the price of 10P ay annually and you'll get 12 months for the price of 10. See below for prices.Brio Premier✧Unlimited use of all Brio gyms✧Unlimited use of all fitness classes✧Unlimited casual swimming at all Brio pools高三英语共10页第7页70. Brio Leisure must be _____.A. a websiteB. a health clinicC. a sports clubD. an entertainment park71. Sam, who has a membership of Brio Premier at Frodsham Leisure Centre, can enjoy _____ at6.00pm on Wednesday.A. fitness classesB. casual swimmingC. racquet sportsD. steam and sauna72. Which of the following center suits Alice, who likes swimming and playing racquet sports andwants to enjoy jacuzzi afterwards?A. Christleton Sports Centre.B. Rudheath Leisure Centre.C. Neston Recreation Centre.D. Winsford Lifestyle Centre.73. If Steven wants to use the Brio gym and swim at noon on weekdays, he needs to pay at least _____for half a year’s membership.A. £112.50B. £135.00C. £140.00D. £168.00(C)Ask a group of elderly people what it was about their lives that made them happiest overall, and they’ll probably mention some warm relationships with family and friends. If you’re satisfied with your social life, according to psychologists, you tend to be satisfied with life in general.From the point of my 50s, I’d say that sounds about right. Some of my happiest moments are the ones I spend with my husband, a few close relatives, and a handful of very good friends who know me well and like me anyway. But the more I read about how social media are interfering with (干扰) good old-fashioned friendship, creating virtual bonds that can’t qu ite take the place of real ones, the more I wonder just how today’s 20-somethings will look back on their own lives when they’re my age.After all, much crucial relationship building work is done in the 20s. According to research by the late Bernice Neugarten of the University of Chicago, who helped launch the academic study of human development, people choose most of their adult relationships, both friends and lovers, between the ages of 22 and 28. The friends we make in our 20s are not only best friends forever; they’re also our first truly chosen friends. And choosing how to commit to these friendships is an essential psychological task of the 20s.But with so much of friendship in this age group now being developed online, an essential question is what the effect of that interaction is. A study, conducted in 2010 by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee of the University of Texas at Austin, investigated the Facebook habits of 776 young people between the ages of 18 and 35. ―Whether it is a wall post, a comment, or a photo,‖ they wrote, ―young people’s engagement with Facebook is driven, primarily, by a desire to stay connected to and involved in the lives of friends who live close by, far away, or have just entered into their lives.‖This kind of constant contact can be efficient, but it can also be upsetting. For one thing, it adds a new layer of concern to a young person’s already-heightened awareness of social ranking, giving appearance-conscious young people yet another thing to worry about. ―I see other 20-somethings feeling pressured to constantly keep up a public image, especially a public image online,‖ wrote Ariana Allensworth on the group blog. ―Folks are always keeping the world informed one way or another about what they’re up to, where they’re at, what projects they’re working on.It can be a bit much at times.‖ Not the most fertile ground for real-world friendship.高三英语共10页第8页74. According to the passage, the 20s is an age for people to _____.A. have a good public imageB. keep themselves informedC. look back on their own livesD. develop critical relationships75. Which of the following is a disadvantage of making friends online?A. It makes people pay less attention to social ranking.B. It robs people of the happy moments spent with friends.C. It keeps people away from their family and close relatives.D. It prevents people from keeping in contact with their friends.76. What was the aim of the study conducted by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee?A. To know about the 776 young people’s Facebook habits.B. To find out how social media affect real-world social life.C. To help young people stay connected to the lives of friends.D. To investigate what kind of people prefer online interactions.77. The author may agree that _____.A. old-fashioned friendship can help create virtual bondsB. there’s no need for young people to make online friendsC. real-world friendship is a better choice for young peopleD. online friendship is an inevitable trend in the modern worldSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Students in Finland won’t have to study subjects. Soon, their classrooms would resemble conferences where ―topics‖ are discussed.The education system in Finland is about to undergo a revolutionary and fundamental change, although it enjoys the reputation of being one of the best in the world. The education department has decided to abandon the old method of ―teaching by subject.‖ I nstead, the country will now involve the children to help them learn and question by evolving to ―teaching by topic‖, shared Liisa Pohjolainen, who is in charge of youth and adult education in Helsinki – the capital city leading the reform program, ―This is going to be a big change in education in Finland that we’re just beginning.‖The education system, though appearing to be revolutionary, is quite logical, explained Pasi Silander, the city’s development manager, ―What we need now is a different kind of e ducation to prepare people for working life. Young people use quite advanced computers. In the past the banks had lots of bank clerks adding up figures but now that has totally changed. We therefore have to make the changes in education that are necessary for industry and modern society.‖How does Finland plan to apply the method of teaching by topic? Evidently all-round vocational training and accumulated skill development take up priority over ―lessons.‖ Those in their late teens are already being engaged in what Finland refers to as ―phenomenon teaching‖ – or teaching by topic. For example, ―cafeteria services‖ lessons will include elements of finance, languages (to help serve foreign customers), writing skills and communication skills.高三英语共10页第9页Students will slowly be taught cross-subject topics which would have varying elements of multiple ―subjects.‖ These elements will vary with the ―topic‖ or ―skill‖ the student is learning. Apart from the same, students will move away from the traditional sitting and evaluation techniques as well. Students will sit in smaller groups and work collectively to solve problems, all the while improving upon their communication skills. They won’t be made to sit in rows and asked questions individually to assess their progress. Instead, a group whose collaborative efforts bring out results faster will be promoted.The education system needs a thorough reform, owing to the fact that traditional teaching techniques were based on traditional tools that were quite limited in availability and accessibility. With modern world being extensively connected, isn’t it time for the students to learn how to step ahead of mere fact-based learning that promotes memory expansion rather than mental development?(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Finland is launching its education reform by _________.79. What’s the purpose of Finland’s education reform?80. What are two of the main features of ―teaching by topic‖?81. Finland decides to reform its education because traditional teaching _________.第Ⅱ卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们学习英语不是为了参加考试,而是为了掌握一种交际工具。

崇明县2015年度第二次高考模拟考试试卷(文理合卷)

崇明县2015年度第二次高考模拟考试试卷(文理合卷)

1 / 6崇明县2015学年第二次高考模拟考试试卷高三数学(文理合卷)(考试时间120分钟,满分150分)考生注意:1. 每位考生应同时领到试卷与答题纸两份材料,所有解答必须写在答题纸上规定位置,写在试卷上或答题纸上非规定位置一律无效;2. 答卷前,考生务必将姓名、准考证号码等相关信息在答题纸上填写清楚; 3. 本试卷共23道试题,满分150分,考试时间120分钟。

一、填空题(本大题共14小题,满分56分)考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每个空格填对得4分,否则一律得零分。

1.已知全集U R =,{}2|20A x x x =-<,{}|1B x x =≥,则U A C B = . 2.设复数z 满足 (4)32i z i -=+(i 是虚数单位),则复数z 的虚部为 . 3.(文)若直线l 过点(3,4),且它的一个法向量是(1,2)n =,则l 的方程为 . (理)若函数2cos y x ω=(0)ω>的最小正周期是π,则ω= .4.(文)若函数22cos sin y x x ωω=-(0)ω>的最小正周期是π,则ω= . (理)圆22:2440C x y x y +--+=的圆心到直线3440x y ++=的距离d = . 5.(文)圆22:2440C x y x y +--+=的圆心到直线3440x y ++=的距离d = . (理)已知圆锥的母线长为5cm ,侧面积为15πcm 2,则此圆锥的体积为 cm 2. 6.(文)已知圆锥的母线长为5cm ,侧面积为15πcm 2,则此圆锥的体积为 cm 2. (理)已知,x y R +∈,且满足134x y+=,则xy 的最大值为 . 7.(文)在621x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式中,常数项等于 .216y x =的焦点相同,则双曲线的标准方程为 .8.(文)已知,x y R +∈,且满足134x y+=,则xy 的最大值为 .(理)已知函数22,0(),0x a x f x x ax x ⎧+⎪=⎨-<⎪⎩≥,若()f x 的最小值是a ,则a = .2 / 69.(文)已知函数22,0(),0x a x f x x ax x ⎧+⎪=⎨-<⎪⎩≥,若()f x 的最小值是a ,则a = .(理)从6名男医生和3名女医生中选出5人组成一个医疗小组,若这个小组中必须男女医生都有,共有 种不同的组建方案(结果用数值表示).10.(文)若实数,x y 满足条件2003x y x y y +-⎧⎪-⎨⎪⎩≥≤≤,则目标函数34z x y =-的最大值是 .(理)若数列{}n a 是首项为1,公比为32a -的无穷等比数列,且{}n a 各项的和为a ,则a 的值是 .11.(文)若数列{}n a 是首项为1,公比为32a -的无穷等比数列,且{}n a 各项的和为a ,则a 的值是 .(理)设0a ≠,n 是大于1的自然数,1nx a ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式为2012n n a a x a x a x ++++.若13a =,24a =,则a = .12.(文)从6名男医生和3名女医生中选出5人组成一个医疗小组,这个小组中男女医生都有的概率是 (结果用数值表示). (理)某种填数字彩票,购票者花2元买一张小卡片,在卡片上填10以内(0,1,2,…,9)的三个数字(允许重复).如果依次填写的三个数字与开奖的三个有序的数字分别对应相等,得奖金1000元.只要有一个数字不符(大小或次序),无奖金.则购买一张彩票的期望收益是 元 .13.(文)矩形ABCD 中,2,1AB AD ==,P 为矩形内部一点,且1AP =.设PAB θ∠=,AP AB AD λμ=+(,)R λμ∈,则2λ取得最大值时,角θ的值为 .(理)矩形ABCD 中,2,1AB AD ==,P 为矩形内部一点,且1AP =.若AP AB AD λμ=+(,)R λμ∈,则2λ的最大值是 .14.(文)已知函数()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数,且对任意x R ∈,都有(4)()f x f x +=,当[]4,6x ∈的时候,()21x f x =+,()f x 在区间[]2,0-上的反函数为1()f x -,则1(19)f -= .(理)已知函数()f x 是定义在[)1,+∞上的函数,且123,12()11,222x x f x f x x ⎧--<⎪=⎨⎛⎫ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩≤≥,则函数2()3y x f x =-在区间(1,2016)上的零点个数为 .二、选择题(本大题共4小题,满分20分)每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题纸的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得零分。

高考化学复习崇明县第二次高考模拟考试试卷 (2).docx

高考化学复习崇明县第二次高考模拟考试试卷 (2).docx

高中化学学习材料鼎尚图文收集整理崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷化学(考试时间120分钟,满分150分,请将答案填写在答题纸上)本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分相对原子质量:H-1 Be-9 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Ag-108 I-127第I卷(共66分)一、选择题(本题共10分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项)1、下列物质中,属于弱电解质的是A.氯化氢B.碳酸氢钠C.一水合氨D.二氧化硫2、下列分离方法中,和物质的溶解度无关的是A.萃取B.纸上层析C.过滤D.蒸馏3、16O、18O是氧元素的两种原子,下列说法正确的是A.16O和18O的物理性质相同、化学性质不相同B.通过化学反应可实现16O与18O之间相互转化C.16O和18O的原子核外电子排布的方式不相同D.16O和18O能形成三种化学性质相同的氧分子4、关于羟基的说法正确的是O-B.1mol羟基共有9mol电子A.羟基可以电离成H+和2C.与氢氧根离子是类别异构D.羟基只存在于分子晶体中5、下列有关侯氏制碱法的描述正确的是A.该反应条件下,碳酸氢钠难溶于水B.氨气和二氧化碳均来自合成氨工厂C.侯氏制碱法实现了对氨气循环利用D.生产时,应先通二氧化碳再通氨气二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项)6、下列排列顺序不正确的是鼎尚图文鼎尚图文A .原子半径:Si >Na >OB .热稳定性:HF >HCl >H 2SC .碱性:CsOH >KOH >NaOHD .失电子能力:K >Na >Mg7、如图所示,集气瓶内充满某混合气体,置于光亮处一段时间后,将滴管内的水挤入集气瓶后,烧杯中的水会进入集气瓶,则集气瓶内气体是 ①CO 、O 2 ②C12、CH 4 ③NO 2、O 2 ④N 2、H 2 A .①② B .②④C .②③D .③④8、下列物质的制备线索中,不符合工业生产实际的是A .NH 32O −−−→催化剂NO 22O H O−−−−→、HNO 3 B .浓缩海水2Cl−−−→Br 2−−−−→鼓入热空气Br 2(粗产品)−−−→精制Br 2C .MnO 2HCl−−−→浓加热Cl 22Ca (OH)−−−−→漂白粉 D .石油−−−→裂解乙烯−−−→催化剂加热聚乙烯 9、某一兴趣小组准备在实验室中制H 2,装置如图所示。

高考化学复习崇明二模化学参考答案.docx

高考化学复习崇明二模化学参考答案.docx

高中化学学习材料唐玲出品参考答案1.B2. C3. D4. A5. D6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 16.B17. A18. AD 19. C 20. BC 21. AC 22. BD四、(共12分)23. 4 (1分) , 7种 (1分)24.D (2分)25.吸氧腐蚀 (1分), O2 +2H2O+4e →4OH― (1分)26.0.80 (2分)27. Al2O3+ 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2+H2O (2分)28.BD (2分)五、(共12分)29.0.1mol/(L·min) (1分) (1分)30.BD (2分)31.A (2分)32.b>a=d>c (2分)33.B,< (各1分)34.D (2分)六、(共12分)35.分液漏斗(1分);平衡压强,使分液漏斗内液体能够顺利流下(1分) 36.C (1分)37.与品红作用生成不稳定的无色物质 (1分)38.排净装置中的空气(1分) ,有必要,防止溶液中SO2被空气中的O2氧化而干扰E中实验(1分,合理给分) 39.BaSO4(1分),SO2与Fe3+反应生成SO42―(1分) ;溶液由棕黄色变为浅绿色(1分)在酸性条件下SO2与NO-3反应生成SO42―(1分);溶液中有气泡产生(1分)40.略(1分,合理给分)七、(共12分)41.B(2分)42.冷却结晶 (1分)取样于试管中加入NaOH溶液,加热,在试管口置一湿润的红色石蕊试纸(1分)43.Fe3+、Fe2+ (2分)44.2CeO2+ H2O2+ 3H2SO4→ Ce2(SO4)3+ O2↑+ 4H2O (2分)45.0.1ml(1分);偏大 (1分)46.Fe2(SO4) 3·2(NH4) 2SO4·2H2O(2分)八、(共10分)47.苯环、酯键、氯原子 (2分,缺一个扣一分,扣完为止) 48.A (2分)49.(2分)50. 4 (2分),(2分)九、(共12分)51.取代(1分) ;加聚 (1分,加成给分)52.蒸馏 (1分) ;CH3COOCH2CH=CH2(1分)53.HOCH2CH2CH2CHO + H2HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH (2分)54. (2分) 55.6(2分)56.(2分)十、(共14分) 56.0.25(3分) 58.a (3分)59.1200030()46()91000n NO n NO +⨯= (NO)0.057(mol)n =322NO+2HNO 3NO +H O →x 2x 3x10.0573390.0572xx ⨯+=-0.0176x = 3(HNO )20.035(mol)n x == (共4分)60.221()2()[()()]0.0887(mol)2n NaNO n NO n NO n NO =+-=2()0.08876990% 5.5()m NaNO g =⨯⨯= (共4分)。

2015届高三高考二模理综化学试题(含答案)

2015届高三高考二模理综化学试题(含答案)

2015届高三高考二模理综化学试题(含答案)可能用到的相对原子质量:H 1 C 12 O 16 Al 27 Si 28 S 32 Cl 35.5 K 39 Fe56一、选择题7.化学与社会、生活密切相关,下列说法中不正确...的是()A. 区别地沟油(加工过的餐饮废弃油)和矿物油(汽油、煤油、柴油等)的方法是加入足量氢氧化钠溶液共热,不分层的是地沟油B. 发泡塑料饭盒不适于盛放含油较多的食品C. 光化学烟雾的产生与汽车排放的尾气有关D. 将废电池深埋,可以避免其中的重金属污染8.设N A是阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是()A.1 L1mol·L-1的NaClO溶液中含有ClO-的数目为N AB.60g 二氧化硅含有的共价键数为2N AC.7.8g 钾与100mL 1mol·L-1盐酸充分反应生成气体分子数为0.1N AD.标准状况下,7.1g 氯气与足量的石灰乳充分反应,转移电子数为0.2N A9.甲苯的苯环上有5个氢原子,其中若有两个氢原子分别被羟基(—OH)和氯原子(—Cl)取代,则可形成的有机物同分异构体有()A.9种B.10种C.12种D.15种10.近年来,莽草酸因可以作为合成达菲(抗病毒和抗癌药)的中间体而受到重视,其结构简式如图:下列关于莽草酸的说法不正确...的是()A.莽草酸的相对分子质量为174 Array B.分子中含有两种含氧官能团C.可发生取代、加成反应及氧化反应D.在水溶液中羟基和羧基均能电离出氢离子11.下述实验能达到预期目的的是()溶液,又生成红12.下列各组离子在常温下一定能大量共存的是 ( )A .pH=0的无色溶液中:Cl -、Na +、SO 42-、Fe 2+B .加入铝粉能放出H 2的溶液中:Mg 2+、NH 4+、NO 3-、Cl -C .在c (H +)/c (OH -)=1012的溶液中:NH 4+、NO 3-、K +、Cl -D .含有大量Fe 3+的溶液中:Al 3+、SCN -、Br -、Na +13.硫化汞(HgS )难溶于水,在自然界中呈红褐色,常用于油画颜料、印泥及朱红雕刻漆器等。

上海市崇明县高考化学二模试题(含解析)沪科版

上海市崇明县高考化学二模试题(含解析)沪科版

上海市崇明县2015年高考化学二模试卷一、选择题(本题共10分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项)1.下列物质中,属于弱电解质的是()A.氯化氢B.碳酸氢钠C.一水合氨D.二氧化硫考点:强电解质和弱电解质的概念..专题:电离平衡与溶液的pH专题.分析:在水溶液里或熔融状态下能导电的化合物是电解质,包括酸、碱、盐、金属氧化物和水;在水溶液里和熔融状态下都不导电的化合物是非电解质,包括非金属氧化物、部分非金属氢化物、大多数有机物;单质和混合物既不是电解质,也不是非电解质;部分电离的电解质属于弱电解质,完全电离的电解质属于强电解质.解答:解:A、氯化氢溶于水,完全电离,属于强电解质,故A错误;B、碳酸氢钠溶于水完全电离,属于强电解质,故B错误;C、一水合氨,溶于水部分电离,属于弱电解质,故C正确;D、二氧化硫是非电解质,故D错误,故选C.点评:本题考查了电解质与非电解质、强电解质与弱电解质的判断,题目难度不大,注意掌握电解质与非电解质、强电解质与弱电解质的本质区别,试题能够培养学生灵活应用所学知识的能力.2.(2分)(2015•崇明县二模)下列分离方法中,和物质的溶解度无关的是()A.萃取B.纸上层析C.过滤D.蒸馏考点:物质的分离、提纯的基本方法选择与应用..分析:蒸馏是利用物质的沸点异同分离,与溶解度无关,与溶解度有关的一般有萃取、重结晶、盐析、过滤、纸上层析等,以此解答该题.解答:解:A.萃取是利用溶质在有机溶剂中的溶解度较大而进行分离,故A不选;B.纸上层析是利用试样在有机溶剂中的溶解度差异进行分离,故B不选;C.过滤利用溶解度变化不同进行分离,溶解度小的物质分离在滤纸上,故C不选;D.蒸馏是利用物质的沸点异同分离,与溶解度无关,故D选;故选D.点评:本题考查混合物分离、提纯方法及选择,为高频考点,把握分离方法及分离原理为解答的关键,注意纸上层析是试样在有机溶剂中的溶解度差异,利用扩散原理分离混合物为解答的难点,题目难度不大.3.(2分)(2015•崇明县二模)O、O是氧元素的两种原子,下列说法正确的是()A.O和O的物理性质相同、化学性质不相同B.通过化学反应可实现O与O之间相互转化C.O和O的原子核外电子排布的方式不相同D.O和O能形成三种化学性质相同的氧分子考点:同位素及其应用..分析:根据同位素的性质、质量数=质子数+中子数、16O与18O之间的转化是原子核的变化,原子核外排布等知识点来分析解题即可.解答:解:A、16O和18O的物理性质不同,由于属于同一种元素的原子,最外层电子数相同,故化学性质相似,故A错误;B、16O与18O之间的转化,属于原子核的变化,不是化学变化,故B错误;C、两种核素均为氧元素的不同种原子,核电荷数为8,核外电子排布分式相同,故C错误;D、两个18O可以构成氧气分子,两个16O可以构成氧气分子,16O和18O可以构成氧气分子,共可以形成三种相对分子质量不同的氧分子,故D正确.故选D.点评:本题考查学生有关核素的概念以及应用方面的知识,注意基本知识的灵活掌握,难度中等.4.(2分)(2015•崇明县二模)关于羟基的说法正确的是()A.羟基可以电离成H+和O2﹣B.1mol羟基共有9mol电子C.与氢氧根离子是类别异构D.羟基只存在于分子晶体中考点:有机物分子中的官能团及其结构..分析:﹣OH为中性基团,OH﹣为阴离子,二者不能,﹣OH可存在离子晶体中,以此来解答.解答:解:A.﹣OH为中性基团,不能电离,故A错误;B.1mol羟基共有1mol×(8+1)=9mol电子,故B正确;C.﹣OH、OH﹣为不同微粒,不属于异构体,故C错误;D.羟基可存在于分子晶体中,如醇类物质,也可存在离子晶体中,如OHCH2COONa等,故D错误;故选B.点评:本题考查有机物的官能团与性质,为高频考点,把握官能团与离子的区别为解答的关键,侧重分析与应用能力的考查,选项C为解答的难点,题目难度不大.5.(2分)(2015•崇明县二模)下列有关侯氏制碱法的描述正确的是()A.该反应条件下,碳酸氢钠难溶于水B.氨气和二氧化碳均来自合成氨工厂C.侯氏制碱法实现了对氨气循环利用D.生产时,应先通二氧化碳再通氨气考点:纯碱工业(侯氏制碱法)..分析:“侯氏制碱法”的原料是食盐、氨和二氧化碳(合成氨厂用水煤气制取氢气时的废气),“侯氏制碱法”的原理是:在饱和食盐水中通入氨气,形成饱和氨盐水,再向其中通入二氧化碳,发生反应:NH3+H2O+CO2=NH4HCO3.在溶液中就有了大量的钠离子、铵根离子、氯离子、碳酸氢根离子,这其中NaHCO3溶解度最小,所以析出,发生反应:NH4HCO3+NaCl=NH4Cl+NaHCO3↓.再利用碳酸氢钠不稳定性分解得到纯碱,受热容易分解:2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O,得到纯碱,向母液中加入食盐细粉,而使NH4Cl单独结晶析出供做氮肥.解答:解:A.碳酸氢钠的溶解度小于氯化钠、氯化铵、碳酸氢铵,从溶液中析出,并非碳酸氢钠难溶,故A错误;B.氨来自合成氨工厂,而二氧化碳源于合成氨厂用水煤气制取氢气时的废气,故B正确;C.NH4Cl在常温时的溶解度比NaCl大,而在低温下却比NaCl溶解度小的原理,向母液中加入食盐细粉,而使NH4Cl单独结晶析出供做氮肥,氨气没有循环利用,故C错误;D.氨气在水中的溶解度非常大,先通入氨气形成氨盐的水溶液,液的碱性比较强,易于吸收更多的二氧化碳,溶液中获得更多的碳酸氢根,从而产生更多的纯碱,故应先通氨气再通二氧化碳,故D错误,故选B.点评:本题考查侯德邦制碱法,关键是清楚侯德邦制碱法原理,理解溶解平衡原理,难度不大.二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项)6.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)下列排列顺序不正确的是()A.原子半径:Si>Na>O B.热稳定性:HF>HCl>H2SC.碱性:CsOH>KOH>NaOH D.失电子能力:K>Na>Mg考点:元素周期律的作用..专题:元素周期律与元素周期表专题.分析:A.电子层越多,原子半径越大,同周期从左向右原子半径在减小;B.非金属性越强,则气态氢化物越稳定;C.金属性越强,则对应最高价氧化物的水化物的碱性越强;D.同周期从左到右失电子能力减弱,同主族从上到下,失电子能力增强.解答:解:A.电子层越多,原子半径越大,同周期从左向右原子半径在减小,则原子半径为Na>Si>O,故A错误;B.非金属性F>Cl>S,则气态氢化物的稳定性为HF>HCl>H2S,故B正确;C.金属性Cs>K>Na,则对应最高价氧化物的水化物的碱性为CsOH>KOH>NaOH,故C正确;D.同周期从左到右失电子能力减弱,同主族从上到下,失电子能力增强.故失电子能力:K>Na>Mg,故D正确;故选A.点评:本题考查元素周期表和元素周期律,熟悉金属性、非金属性的比较方法及半径的变化规律是解答本题的关键,难度不大,注意规律性知识的总结.7.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)如图所示,集气瓶内充满某混合气体,置于光亮处,将滴管内的水挤入集气瓶后,烧杯中的水会进入集气瓶,集气瓶内气体是()①CO、O2 ②C12、CH4 ③NO2、O2 ④N2、H2.A.①②B.②④C.②③D.③④考点:气体的收集..分析:可依据装置设计原理进行解题:烧杯中水进入集气瓶的原因是存在压强差;当气体能与液体反应或溶于液体时,造成瓶内部压强变小,从而使烧杯中的水进入集气瓶.解答:解:①CO、O2二者相互间无点燃条件不反应且一氧化碳不溶于水,氧气难溶于水,故不符合题意;②C12、CH4置于光亮处,发生取代反应,可造成瓶内压强变小,水进入;③NO2、O2和水可以发生化学反应生成硝酸,使瓶内压强变小;④N2化学性质比较稳定,二者不反应,并且N2、H2都难溶于水,所以滴加水压强变化不大.故选C.点评:本题主要考查常见气体的物理、化学性质,比较简单,学习中注意相关基础知识的积累.8.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)下列物质的制备线索中,不符合工业生产实际的是()A.NH3NO HNO3B.浓缩海水Br2Br2(粗产品)Br2C.MnO2Cl2漂白粉D.石油乙烯聚乙烯考点:化学实验方案的评价..分析:A.硝酸工业是利用氨气的催化氧化生成一氧化氮,一氧化氮被氧气氧化为二氧化氮,二氧化氮和水发生反应生成硝酸;B.海水提溴是先通入足量氯气氧化溴离子为溴单质,然后将溴单质还原为溴化氢,再通入适量氯气氧化溴离子为溴单质,最后萃取;C.工业制漂白粉先是电解饱和食盐水得到氯气,用氯气和石灰乳反应得到漂白粉;D.石油通过裂解可直接得到乙烯,乙烯发生加聚反应生成聚乙烯.解答:解:A.硝酸工业是利用氨气的催化氧化生成一氧化氮,一氧化氮被氧气氧化为二氧化氮,二氧化氮和水发生反应生成硝酸,即NH3NO HNO3,故A正确;B.提溴的工艺是在预先浓缩并酸化的海水中,通入足量氯气发生氧化反应,然后使生成的溴与吸收剂SO2反应转化为氢溴酸以达到富集溴元素的目的发生还原反应,再通入适量氯气氧化溴离子为溴单质,即浓缩水Br2Br2(粗产品)Br2,故B正确;C.工业制漂白粉先是电解饱和食盐水得到氯气,用氯气和石灰乳反应得到漂白粉,不是采用二氧化锰和浓盐酸反应生成氯气,故C错误;D.石油通过裂解可直接得到乙烯,乙烯发生加聚反应生成聚乙烯,即石油乙烯聚乙烯,故D正确.故选C.点评:本题考查了工业制备的过程分析,反应原理的应用,侧重于化学与生活、生产的考查,有利于培养学生的良好的科学素养,提高学习的积极性,注意海水提溴的原理,题目难度不大.9.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)某一兴趣小组准备在实验室中制H2,装置如图所示.可是在实验室中发现酸液不足.为达到实验目的,则可以从长颈漏斗中加入下列试剂中的()A.N aNO3溶液B.四氯化碳C.苯D.N a2CO3溶液考点:气体发生装置..分析:加入的物质应该具备以下条件:不能和容器中的物质反应生成其它气体;能够让稀硫酸和锌混合生成氢气.解答:解:A.因加入NaNO3溶液,相当于稀硫酸进行稀释,同时液面上升,但溶液中含有NO3﹣,与金属发生反应,产生NO,故A错误;B.CCl4和硫酸、锌都不反应,所以不影响氢气,四氯化碳密度大于硫酸溶液,所以沉在底部,使硫酸液面上升,与锌继续反应生成氢气,故B正确;C.因苯不溶于水,且密度比水小,加入苯,液面上升,苯在上层,但苯与金属锌不反应,不会产生氢气,故C错误;D.Na2CO3溶液和硫酸反应生成二氧化碳,所以能引入杂质二氧化碳影响氢气的纯度,故D错误;故选:B.点评:本题为实验题,考查了常见物质的性质,注意硝酸根离子在酸性环境下能够与金属反应,但是一定不会生成氢气,题目难度不大.10.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)根据碘与氢气反应的热化学方程式(i)I2(g)+H2(g)⇌2HI(g)+9.48kJ(ii)I2(S)+H2(g)⇌2HI(g)﹣26.48kJ,下列判断正确的是()A.254gI2(g)中通入2gH2(g),反应放热9.48kJB.1mol固态碘与1mol气态碘所含的能量相差17.00kJC.反应(i)的产物比反应(ii)的产物稳定D.反应(ii)的反应物总能量比反应(i)的反应物总能量低考点:热化学方程式..分析:热化学方程式的理解问题,并且注意热化学方程式的表达与现行教材中表达不一样,(i)是放热反应,(ii)是吸热反应,这个与热化学方程式的△H不同.了解此点,解答很容易.解答:解:A.因为是可逆反应,所以不能进行完全,放热小于9.48kJ,故A错;B.由盖斯定律知(i)﹣(ii)得,9.48﹣(﹣26.48)=35.96kJ,故B错;C.一样稳定,都是HI的气态;故C错;D.对于同一物质,固态物质的能量比气态物质能量低;因此反应(ii)的反应物总能量比反应(i)的反应物总能量低;故D对;点评:热化学方程式的书写一般是结合计算进行考查,所以应分两步:(1)写,特别注意注明各物质的状态,计量数可以是分数;(2)算,根据题意计算反应热;并注意盖斯定律在计算反应热中的应用来解答.11.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)黑火药爆炸时可发生如下反应:4S+16KNO3+16C→3K2SO4+4K2CO3+K2S+12CO2↑+8N2↑,下列有关说法正确的是()A.K NO3只发生氧化反应B.反应消耗12g C时电子转移5molC.还原产物只有K2S和N2D.被氧化与被还原的S为1:3考点:氧化还原反应..分析:该反应中S元素化合价由0价变为+6价、﹣2价,C元素化合价由0价变为+4价,N元素化合价由+5价变为0价,得电子化合价降低的反应物是氧化剂,失电子化合价升高的反应物是还原剂,再结合方程式分析解答.解答:解:该反应中S元素化合价由0价变为+6价、﹣2价,C元素化合价由0价变为+4价,N元素化合价由+5价变为0价,A.反应中N元素化合价由+5价变为0价,则KNO3发生还原反应,故A错误;B.反应消耗12g C,即1molC时电子转移4mol,故B错误;C.反应中部分S被还原为K2S,KNO3被还原为N2,则还原产物只有K2S和N2,故C 正确;D.被氧化与被还原的S物质的量之比为3:2,故D错误;故选C.点评:本题考查氧化还原反应,侧重考查基本概念、基本计算,明确元素化合价变化即可解答,题目难度不大.12.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)从海带中提取碘,可经过如图实验步骤完成.下列有关说法正确的是()A.灼烧过程中使用的玻璃仪器有酒精灯、坩埚、玻璃棒B.氧化过程中发生反应的离子方程式为:2I﹣+H2O2→I2+2OH﹣C.检验碘单质时,可选用淀粉碘化钾试纸,若试纸变蓝说明有碘单质D.分液时,先打开活塞放出下层液体,再关闭活塞倒出上层液体考点:海带成分中碘的检验..分析:A.依据灼烧实验使用的仪器解答;B.酸性环境下,不能生成氢氧根离子;C.通常用淀粉碘化钾试纸检验氧化性强于碘的气体;D.分液时注意液体不能重新混合而污染,上层液体应从上口倒出.解答:解:A.灼烧实验使用的仪器有:石棉网,酒精灯,坩埚,玻璃棒,用到的玻璃仪器为:酒精灯、坩埚、玻璃棒,故A正确;B.氧化过程中发生反应的离子方程式为:2H++2I﹣+H2O2=I2+2H2O,故B错误;C.碘单质遇到淀粉变蓝,用淀粉检验碘存在,通常用淀粉碘化钾试纸检验氧化性强于碘的气体,故C错误;D.分液时,先打开活塞放出下层液体,再关闭活塞倒出上层液体,防止液体重新混合而污染,故D正确;故选:AD.点评:本题为实验题,考查了海水的提纯,明确反应原理和过程是解题关键,注意对基础实验知识的积累,题目难度不大.13.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)pC类似pH,是指稀溶液中溶质物质的量浓度的负对数.如某溶液溶质的浓度为1×10﹣3mol/L,则该溶液中溶质的pC=3.下列叙述正确的是()A.某温度下,任何电解质的稀溶液中,pC(H+)+pC(OH﹣)=14B.0.01mol/L的CaCl2溶液中逐滴加入纯碱溶液,滴加过程中pC(Ca2+)逐渐增大C.0.01mol/L的BaCl2 溶液中,pC(Cl﹣)=2pC(Ba2+)D.用0.01mol/L的盐酸滴定某浓度的NaOH溶液,NaOH溶液的pC(OH﹣)逐渐减小考点:p H的简单计算..分析:A.Kw的大小受到温度的影响,pC(H+)+pC(OH﹣)=﹣lgKw;B.pC(Ca2+)与C(Ca2+)成反比;C.根据BaCl2为盐完全电离,BaCl2=2Cl﹣+Ba2+分析;D.pC(OH﹣)与C(OH﹣)成反比.解答:解:A.Kw的大小受到温度的影响,温度越高Kw越大,Kw=C(H+)•C(OH﹣),pC(H+)+pC(OH﹣)=﹣lgC(H+)•C(OH﹣)=﹣lgKw,只有在常温下kw=10﹣14,pC(H+)+pC(OH﹣)=14,故A错误;B.滴加过程中碳酸根和钙离子反应生成碳酸钙沉淀,C(Ca2+)逐渐减小,pC(Ca2+)与C(Ca2+)成反比,所以pC(Ca2+)逐渐增大,故B正确;C.BaCl2电离:BaCl2=2Cl﹣+Ba2+,0.01mol/L的BaCl2 溶液中,C(Cl﹣)=2C(Ba2+)=0.04mol/L,pC(Cl﹣)=﹣lgC(Cl﹣)=2﹣2lg2,pC(Ba2+)=﹣lgC(Ba2+)=2﹣lg2,pC(Cl﹣)≠2pC(Ba2+),故C错误;D.用0.01mol/L的盐酸滴定某浓度的NaOH溶液,滴加过程中氢离子和氢氧根离子反应生成水,C(OH﹣)逐渐减小,pC(OH﹣)与C(OH﹣)成反比,所以pC(OH﹣)逐渐增大,故D错误;故选B.点评:本题考查Kw、Ksp影响因素及计算、离子反应等知识,重在考查知识迁移能力,培养了学生的分析、理解能力及灵活应用所学知识的能力,题目难度中等.14.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)向AgCl浊液中滴加氨水后可得到澄清溶液,继续滴加浓硝酸后又有沉淀生成.经查资料得知:Ag++2NH3•H2O⇌[Ag(NH3)2]++2H2O.下列分析不正确的是()A.浊液中存在沉淀溶解平衡:AgCl(s)⇌Ag+(aq)+CI﹣(aq)B.实验可以证明NH3结合Ag+能力比Cl﹣强C.实验表明实验室可用氨水洗涤银镜反应后的试管D.由资料信息可推知:加浓硝酸后生成的沉淀为AgCl考点:难溶电解质的溶解平衡及沉淀转化的本质..分析:A.难溶电解质存在溶解平衡;B.Ag+与氨气分子结合生成二氨合银离子,导致银离子浓度减小,促使AgCl (s)⇌Ag+(aq)+Cl﹣(aq)正向移动;C.银镜反应后的试管壁上是银单质,其不能和氨水反应;D.浓硝酸能够中和一水合氨,使反应Ag++2NH3•H2O⇌Ag(NH3)2++2H2O逆向移动,二氨合银离子生成银离子,与溶液中的氯离子结合.解答:解:A.AgCl为难溶电解质,在浊液中存在沉淀溶解平衡,故A正确;B.Ag+与氨气分子结合生成二氨合银离子,导致银离子浓度减小,促使AgCl (s)⇌Ag+(aq)+Cl﹣(aq)正向移动,说明NH3结合Ag+能力比Cl﹣强,故B正确;C.银镜反应后的试管壁上是银单质,银离子能够与氨水反应,银单质不能,故C错误;D.浓硝酸能够中和一水合氨,使反应Ag++2NH3•H2O⇌Ag(NH3)2++2H2O逆向移动,二氨合银离子生成银离子,与溶液中的氯离子结合生成沉淀,所以加浓硝酸后生成的沉淀为AgCl,故D正确;故选C.点评:本题考查了沉淀的溶解平衡的移动,为高频考点,侧重于学生的分析能力的考查,注意银离子能够与氨水反应,银单质不能,题目难度中等.15.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)一定量的乙醇在氧气不足的情况下燃烧,得到CO、CO2和水的总质量为27.2g,若其中水的质量为10.8g,则CO的质量是()A.2.1g B.2.6g C.3.8g D.5.1g考点:有关有机物分子式确定的计算..专题:烃及其衍生物的燃烧规律.分析:无论是否完全燃烧,一定质量的C2H5OH燃烧最终得到的水的质量是一定的,也就是1molC2H5OH燃烧得到3molH2O,现在得到10.8gH2O,所以燃烧的C2H5OH一共就是0.2mol,即有n(CO2)+n(CO)=0.4mol,又最后得到混合物质量为27.2g,所以m(CO2)+m(CO)=16.4g,由此分析解答.解答:解:无论是否完全燃烧,一定质量的C2H5OH燃烧最终得到的水的质量是一定的,也就是1molC2H5OH燃烧得到3molH2O,现在得到10.8gH2O,所以燃烧的C2H5OH一共就是0.2mol,即有n(CO2)+n(CO)=0.4mol,又最后得到混合物质量为27.2g,所以m (CO2)+m(CO)=16.4g,设CO2 xmol,CO ymol则解之得:x=0.325,y=0.075,所以CO的质量为0.075×28=2.1g,故选A.点评:本题考查化学反应方程式的计算,为基础性习题,把握水的质量及CO、CO2的质量、守恒法计算为解答的关键,侧重分析与计算能力的考查,题目难度不大.16.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)向Ba(OH)2和NaOH混合溶液中缓缓通入CO2气体至过量,生成沉淀物质的量与通入CO2气体的体积V(标准状况)的关系如图所示,下列结论不正确的是()A.原混合物中n[Ba(OH)2]:n[NaOH]=1:2B.横坐标轴上p点的值为90C.b点时溶质为NaHCO3D.a b段发生反应的离子方程式依次为:CO2+2OH﹣→H2O+CO32﹣,CO2+H2O+CO32﹣→2HCO3﹣考点:有关混合物反应的计算..分析:向NaOH和Ba(OH)2的混合稀溶液中通入CO2,先二氧化碳和氢氧化钡反应生成碳酸钡沉淀,当氢氧化钡消耗完时,继续通入二氧化碳,二氧化碳和氢氧化钠反应生成碳酸钠,当氢氧化钠完全反应后,继续通入二氧化碳,二氧化碳和碳酸钠、水反应生成碳酸氢钠,当碳酸钠反应后,继续通入二氧化碳,二氧化碳和和碳酸钡、水反应生成可溶性的碳酸氢钡.A.根据OA段:Ba2++2OH﹣+CO2═BaCO3↓+H2O,ab段:2OH﹣+CO2═CO32﹣+H2O、CO32﹣+H2O+CO2=2HCO3﹣分析解答;B.根据OA段:Ba2++2OH﹣+CO2═BaCO3↓+H2O,bp段:最后是BaCO3+CO2+H2O═Ba2++2HCO3﹣分析解答;C.ab段:2OH﹣+CO2═CO32﹣+H2O、CO32﹣+H2O+CO2=2HCO3﹣,据此回答;D.a,b段反应分二阶段,先是二氧化碳和氢氧化钠反应生成碳酸钠,后是二氧化碳和碳酸钠、水反应生成碳酸氢钠.解答:解:A.OA段:Ba2++2OH﹣+CO2═BaCO3↓+H2O,消耗30mL的二氧化碳、ab段:2OH ﹣+CO2═CO32﹣+H2O、ab段消耗(60﹣30)mL的二氧化碳;bp段:最后是BaCO3+CO2+H2O═Ba2++2HCO3﹣,由Oa段和ac段的反应原理可知,消耗二氧化碳的量Ba(OH)2和NaOH的物质的量相等,所以原混合溶液中Ba(OH)2和NaOH的物质的量之比为30:(60﹣30)=1:1,故A错误;B.OA段:Ba2++2OH﹣+CO2═BaCO3↓+H2O,消耗30mL的二氧化碳,bp段:最后是BaCO3+CO2+H2O═Ba2++2HCO3﹣,需消耗30mL的二氧化碳,所以P点为90mL,故B 正确;C.ab段:2OH﹣+CO2═CO32﹣+H2O、CO32﹣+H2O+CO2=2HCO3﹣,所以b点溶液中溶质为NaHCO3,故C正确;D.a、b段,当氢氧化钡消耗完时,继续通入二氧化碳,二氧化碳和氢氧化钾反应生成碳酸钾,CO2+2OH﹣=CO32﹣+H2O,继续通入二氧化碳,二氧化碳和碳酸钾、水反应生成碳酸氢钾,CO32﹣+H2O+CO2=2HCO3﹣,故D正确;故选A.点评:本题考查物质之间的反应,明确物质的性质、及反应先后顺序是解本题关键,题目难度中等.17.(3分)(2015•崇明县二模)如图所示甲、乙两个装置,所盛溶液体积和浓度均相同且足量,电极铝和镁都已除去表面氧化膜.当两装置电路中通过的电子都是1mol时,下列说法不正确的是()A.溶液的质量减小程度:乙<甲B.溶液的导电能力变化:甲>乙C.甲中阴极和乙中镁电极上析出物质质量:甲=乙D.电极反应式:甲中阳极:2Cl﹣﹣2e→Cl2↑,乙中正极:Cu2++2e→Cu考点:原电池和电解池的工作原理..分析:甲为电解池,乙为原电池,A、甲中总反应为:CuCl2Cu+Cl2↑,乙中总反应为:Mg+Cu2+=Cu+Mg2+,据此分析;B、甲为电解电解质的反应,溶液中离子浓度减小;C、甲中阴极析出Cu,乙中镁电极溶解;D、甲中阳极上氯离子放电,乙中正极上铜离子放电.解答:解:甲为电解池,乙为原电池,甲中总反应为:CuCl2Cu+Cl2↑,乙中总反应为:Mg+Cu2+=Cu+Mg2+,当两装置电路中通过的电子都是1mol时,A、甲溶液中,阳极上析出35.5g氯气,阴极上生成32gCu,通过1mol电子时,溶液质量减少67.5g,乙中溶液中负极溶解12gMg,正极析出32gCu,溶液质量减少20g,所以溶液的质量减小程度:乙<甲,故A正确;B、甲为电解电解质的反应,溶液中离子浓度减小,乙为原电池反应,电荷浓度不变,所以溶液的导电能力变化:甲>乙,故B正确;C、甲中阴极析出Cu,乙中镁电极溶解,所以质量不相同,故C错误;D、甲中阳极上氯离子放电,乙中正极上铜离子放电,电极反应式为甲中阳极:2Cl﹣﹣2e→Cl2↑,乙中正极:Cu2++2e→Cu,故D正确;故选C.点评:本题考查原电池和电解池的原理,注意离子在溶液中的放电顺序,题目难度中等.三、选择题(本题共20分,每小题4分,每小题有一个或两个正确选项,只有一个正确选项的,多选不给分,有两个正确选项的,选对一个给2分,选错一个该小题不给分)18.(4分)(2015•崇明县二模)某澄清透明溶液中,可能大量存在下列离子中的若干种:H+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Br﹣、AIO2﹣、CI﹣、SO42﹣、CO32﹣,现进行如下实验:①用试管取少量溶液,逐滴加入稀盐酸至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清,有无色气体放出.将溶液分为3份.②在第1份溶液中逐滴加入NaOH溶液至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清.加热,将湿润的红色石蕊试纸置于试管口,未见明显现象.③在第2份溶液中加入新制的氯水和CCl4,振荡后静置,下层溶液显橙红色.则下列推断正确的是()A.溶液中一定有K+、Br﹣、CO32﹣、AIO2﹣B.溶液中一定没有Mg2+、Cu2+、CI﹣、NH4+C.不能确定溶液中是否有K+、SO42﹣、CI﹣D.往第3份溶液中滴加BaCl2可确认是否有SO42﹣考点:常见阴离子的检验;常见阳离子的检验..分析:①用试管取少量溶液,逐滴加入稀盐酸至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清,有无色气体放出,可知无色气体为二氧化碳,一定含CO32﹣,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清可知一定含AlO2﹣,由离子共存可知,一定不含H+、Mg2+、Cu2+;②在一份溶液中逐滴加入NaOH溶液至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清,加热,将湿润的红色石蕊试纸置于试管口,未见明显现象,则不含NH4+;③在另一份溶液中加入新制的氯水和CCl4,振荡后静置,下层溶液显橙红色,则一定含Br﹣,结合电荷守恒及离子共存解答.解答:解:①用试管取少量溶液,逐滴加入稀盐酸至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清,有无色气体放出,可知无色气体为二氧化碳,一定含CO32﹣,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清可知一定含AlO2﹣,由离子共存可知,一定不含H+、Mg2+、Cu2+;②在一份溶液中逐滴加入NaOH溶液至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清,加热,将湿润的红色石蕊试纸置于试管口,未见明显现象,则不含NH4+;③在另一份溶液中加入新制的氯水和CCl4,振荡后静置,下层溶液显橙红色,则一定含Br﹣,由电荷守恒可知一定存在阳离子为K+,不能确定是否含Cl﹣、SO42﹣,A.由上述分析可知溶液中一定有K+、Br﹣、CO32﹣、AlO2﹣,故A正确;B.不能确定是否含Cl﹣,故B错误;C.溶液中一定含K+,故C错误;D.由于溶液中含CO32﹣,故只加入滴加BaCl2,生成的沉淀可能为BaCO3或BaSO4或两者均有,故不能确定SO42﹣的存在,故D错误;故选A.点评:本题考查离子的共存,为高频考点,信息量较大,需要学生快速阅读信息、把握离子的反应、现象与结论的关系为解答的关键,侧重分析与推断能力的考查,题目难度不大.19.(4分)(2015•崇明县二模)实验室进行:Cu+2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O,反应因硫酸浓度下降而停止.为测定反应残余液中硫酸的浓度,探究小组同学设计了4组实验方案(将残余液稀释至1L,每次均量取20mL稀释液进行实验),其中可行的是()。

2015届崇明县高三英语二模试卷及答案(官方版)

2015届崇明县高三英语二模试卷及答案(官方版)

崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷高三英语(考试时间120分钟,满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上)第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speak e rs. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Doctor and patient. B. Bank clerk and customer.C. Waiter and customer.D. Shop assistant and customer.2. A. In a café. B. In a stationary shop. C. In a kitchen. D. In a food market.3. A. The weather won’t be fine. B. The man has called to cancel their plan.C. T hey have got no permission.D. The woman has to look after her nephew.4. A. S he wanted to see what the man bought. B. The man bought a lot of books.C. She didn’t like the books the man bought.D. The man shouldn’t have bought books.5. A. At 2:50. B. At 3:25. C. At 3:50. D. At 4:50.6. A. Bob’s mouth is getting bad. B. Bob spoke ill of the man.C. Bob doesn’t like the woman.D. Bob’s proud of the man’s success.7. A. The wool sweaters. B. The cool weather. C. Their plan in August. D. The summer vacation.8. A. His annual checkup should be at 4:15 today.B. He has no time to take the annual checkup tomorrow.C. He made a mistake about the date of his annual checkup.D. His annual checkup needs to be postponed until tomorrow.9. A. We should care more about the danger of drunk driving.B. People killed in traffic accidents are mostly drunk drivers.C. Drunk drivers shouldn’t be responsible for traffic accidents.D. We have paid enough attention to the danger of drunk driving.10. A. Buy a new car. B. Look for a less expensive car.C. Buy a car from the woman.D. Help the woman paint her car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.111. A. 74 centimeters. B. 110 centimeters. C. 220 centimeters. D. 276 centimeters.12. A. It has legs. B. It flies at night. C. It is solar-powered. D. It is the longest.13. A. Michelle Obama’s helping educate girls in Japan.B. Japan’s feedback on the White House’s initiative.C. The reason for proposing Let Girls Learn initiative.D. Michelle Obama’s promoting an initiative in Japan.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. V oice our opinion where we have experience.B. Be brave enough to ask questions in LinkedIn.C. Give our sincere suggestions to the employers.D. Invite experts to write recommendations for us.15. A. To share interesting articles. B. To better sell ourselves.C. To learn about new job openings.D. To chat with people in our field.16. A. In the digital age, finding a job is only a piece of cake.B. Social media plays an important role in the job search.C. Digital equipment is becoming more and more popular.D. Online conversations can improve a job hunter’s abilities.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.2II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)After 30 years (25)_____ a pilot, Captain Peter Elliott got to fly holiday-makers on a Thomas Cook flight from Birmingham, UK, to Tenerife, Spain with his daughter.Senior First Officer Laura Elliott (26)_____(fly) for six years but has never before got to work with her father. ―It’s my dream to be able to fly with my Dad,‖ she said.It had seemed unlikely that the pair would ever co-pilot (27)_____ same aircraft because Miss Elliott learned to fly on Airbus planes when she joined the company in 2009, and her father flew Boeings. However, after Peter Elliott, 59, retrained to fly Airbuses, their dream of flying together came true.Miss Elliott, 30, became interested in flying when (28)_____(inspire) by her father with a trial flight as her birthday present. Miss Elliott said: ―Becoming a pilot was never something I had considered. It was only when my Dad bought me a trial flight for my 18th birthday (29)_____ I considered following in my Dad’s footsteps.‖The pair finally sat in the cockpit (驾驶员座舱) together and Mr Elliott made an announcement to passengers (30)_____ the flight made it a special day for him as he was flying with his daughter.Miss Elliott recalled the flight, (31)_____(say), ―I was initially nervous and he kept asking (32)_____ I was nervous or not. It was like going for a driving lesson with him. Thankfully, everything went smoothly and the passengers loved it. If it ever happens again, I will definitely be a lot(33)_____(relaxed).‖(B)Has the world just witnessed its first ever robot suicide? Boring housework was seemingly too much for one cleaning robot to take, when it apparently rebelled and decided to end it all.The robot was given the tiresome task of cleaning up some spilt grain before it climbed on to a kitchen hotplate (34)_____ it destroyed itself, according to reports in Austria. It had reportedly grown tired of (35)_____(force) to clean the house every day and decided to become a martyr(殉道者) to the robot cause.―Somehow it seem s (36)_____(restart) itself again before it made its way along the work surface. Then it pushed a cooking pot out of the way and basically that was the end of it,‖ explained fireman Helmut Kniewasser, who (37)_____(call) to deal with the fire at Hinterstoder in Kirchdorf. ―It pretty quickly started to melt underneath and then stuck to the kitchen hotplate. It then caught fire. (38)_____ _____ _____ we arrived, it had become just a pile of ash.‖ He added: ―The entire building (39)_____ _____be evacuated (疏散) and there was severe smoke damage particularly in the flat in which the robot had been in use. ―It’s a mystery how it came to be started and ended up making its way to the hotplate.‖ (40)_____ took an hour to clean and make the building safe. The homeowner plans to charge the robot’s manufacturer.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.3Young children may face serious health risks from popular energy drinks, such as Monster, Red Bull and Rock Star, 41 causing heart problems and other life-threatening conditions, according to the findings of new researches.During a presentation at the annual Cardiac Scientific Sessions 2014 meeting of the American Heart Association (AHA), researchers warned about the risk of allowing young children 42 to the energy drinks, which contain high amounts of caffeine(咖啡因) and other stimulants.Researches 43 that the energy drinks are not intended for young children and are not safe for them to consume. Steven Lipshultz, M.D., lead author of the study, is calling for a warning on all energy drink cans and bottles, warning parents of the risk of allowing children to drink them.Researchers say it is difficult to know exactly how much caffeine is contained in each can or bottle of energy drinks, since they are often 44 as dietary supplements (补充物), which allow the manufacturers to avoid FDA regulations.Energy drink manufacturers have compared the amount of caffeine in their products to that in hot drinks sold in coffee houses, but their products are often packaged in very large sizes and they are not sold in 45 environments like coffee houses, which typically would not serve young children. Energy drinks are widely available in 46 stores next to traditional soft drinks, typically packaged in very similar cans and using similar marketing techniques.Some energy drinks in many of the popular lines can contain up to 400 mg of caffeine per can. In comparison, a cup of coffee typically has around 100 mg of caffeine. Caffeine poisoning can occur in adults at levels higher than 400 mg a day; however, children under 12 can 47 caffeine poisoning at only 2.5 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight.A study published in September 48 up the new findings, revealing energy drinks may cause serious heart problems. French researchers revealed the popular energy drinks may be linked to 49 risk of irregular heartbeats and even sudden death.The FDA is 50 investigating health concerns surrounding the drinks after numerous negative event reports have been made in recent years connecting energy drinks to severe injuries and deaths.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.The business is 51 . And it’s booming.The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wages steadily 52 before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的) wages across the labor market, the language-service industry with its 50,000 jobs is a 53 spot in the jobs outlook.Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and is routinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. ―The risks can be huge,‖ said Clementi, ―There’s tons of 54 pressure.‖4In some cases, a(n) 55 translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user’s guide for medical equipment is not translated well, it could lead to 56 during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives 57 .Translators’ and interpreters’ immunity(免疫力) to the nation’s economic downturn also 58 the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.―Good translators who 59 a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,‖ said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association.Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raise the need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content 60 to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language.―As more people 61 the worldwide economy, that’s going to drive more commerce, and t hat’s going to drive more language services,‖ said Bill Rivers, executive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.62 , qualifications for translators and interpreters are not as simple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a 63 skill beyond knowing the language.Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpreters maintain a 64 , such as legal documents, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry.Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate65 raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.51. A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy52. A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained53. A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough54. A. money B. peer C. blood D. time55. A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative56. A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion57. A. in order B. at risk C. under control D. out of state58. A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists59. A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to60. A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored61. A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on62. A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise63. A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile64. A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty65. A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediatelySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.5(A)Warner Brothers has announced more Harry Potter movies are on the way. The studio is working with Potter author J. K. Rowling to create a new franchise (特需经营权) of movies based on ―Fantastic Beasts And Where To Find Them‖, which is a fictitious textbook in the Harry Potter world. The story will also follow the adventures of the book’s author, Newt Scamander. Rowling, for the first time, will pen the screenplay.It comes as no surprise that Warner Brothers is trying to keep the Harry Potter franchise going. The films alone have earned $7.7 billion at the box office. The franchise has probably almost doubled those earnings on home video and TV sales. Then there’s the many Harry Potter products that fans still snatch up.But at some point, Harry Potter could seem old hat and that’s not something Warner Bro thers wants to see happen. So executives had three choices: restart the franchise, come up with continuations or spin off part of the Potter world into a new movie.Without books to support the new stories, the upcoming movies could be a tougher sell for Warner Brother s. Harry and friends won’t appear at all in the new movies which will be set in New York 70 years before Harry Potter heads to Hogwarts.The new stories will also net video games, products and e nhance Rowling’s website.Here’s Rowling on the upcoming franchise:It all started when Warner Brother s came to me with the suggestion of turning ―Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them‖ into a film. I thought it was a fun idea, but the idea of seeing New t Scamander, the supposed author of ―Fantastic Beasts‖, realized by another writer was difficult. Having lived for so long in my fictional universe, I feel very protective of it and I already knew a lot about Newt. As Harry Potter fans will know, I liked him so much that I even married his grandson, Rolf, to one of my favourite characters from the Harry Potter series, Luna Lovegood.As I considered Warners’ proposal, an idea took shape that I couldn’t get rid of. That is how I could express my own idea for a film to Warner Brothers.Although it will be set in the worldwide community of wizards (巫师) where I was so happy for seventeen years, it is neither a previous work nor a continuation to the Harry Potter series, but an extension of the wizarding world. The laws and customs of the hidden magical society will be familiar to anyone who has read the Harry Potter books or seen the films, but Newt’s story will start in New York, seventy years before Harry gets underway.66. The phrase ―snatch up‖ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ―_____‖.A. rush to purchaseB. give up reluctantlyC. make profits fromD. take away by force67. What made Rowling accept Warner Brothers’ proposal?A. Her eagerness to try writing for the screenplay.B. Her unwillingness to see others write the story.C. The attraction of earning more at the box office.D. The film company’s promise to enhance her website.68. It is implied in the passage that creating and selling the new movies may be _____.A. inspiringB. embarrassingC. disappointingD. challenging69. What is the passage mainly about?A. Warner Brothers’ expanded partnership with Harry Potter author.B. Warner Brothers’ success and development in Harry Potter series.C. Rowling’s view on the upcoming franchise of Harry Potter movies.D. Rowling’s creative ideas for the cooperation with Warner Brothers.6(B)Health & Fitness MembershipsThe Brio Health & Fitness Membership packages offer great value for money withno joining fee, no contract, flexibility and choice --- making your health and fitness 12 months for the price of 10P ay annually and you'll get 12 months for the price of 10. See below for prices.Brio Premier✧Unlimited use of all Brio gyms✧Unlimited use of all fitness classes✧Unlimited casual swimming at all Brio pools770. Brio Leisure must be _____.A. a websiteB. a health clinicC. a sports clubD. an entertainment park71. Sam, who has a membership of Brio Premier at Frodsham Leisure Centre, can enjoy _____ at6.00pm on Wednesday.A. fitness classesB. casual swimmingC. racquet sportsD. steam and sauna72. Which of the following center suits Alice, who likes swimming and playing racquet sports andwants to enjoy jacuzzi afterwards?A. Christleton Sports Centre.B. Rudheath Leisure Centre.C. Neston Recreation Centre.D. Winsford Lifestyle Centre.73. If Steven wants to use the Brio gym and swim at noon on weekdays, he needs to pay at least _____for half a year’s membership.A. £112.50B. £135.00C. £140.00D. £168.00(C)Ask a group of elderly people what it was about their lives that made them happiest overall, and they’ll probably mention some warm relationships with family and friends. If you’re satisfied with your social life, according to psychologists, you tend to be satisfied with life in general.From the point of my 50s, I’d say that sounds about right. Some of my happiest moments are the ones I spend with my husband, a few close relatives, and a handful of very good friends who know me well and like me anyway. But the more I read about how social media are interfering with (干扰) good old-fashioned friendship, creating virtual bonds that can’t qu ite take the place of real ones, the more I wonder just how today’s 20-somethings will look back on their own lives when they’re my age.After all, much crucial relationship building work is done in the 20s. According to research by the late Bernice Neugarten of the University of Chicago, who helped launch the academic study of human development, people choose most of their adult relationships, both friends and lovers, between the ages of 22 and 28. The friends we make in our 20s are not only best friends forever; they’re also our first truly chosen friends. And choosing how to commit to these friendships is an essential psychological task of the 20s.But with so much of friendship in this age group now being developed online, an essential question is what the effect of that interaction is. A study, conducted in 2010 by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee of the University of Texas at Austin, investigated the Facebook habits of 776 young people between the ages of 18 and 35. ―Whether it is a wall post, a comment, or a photo,‖ they wrote, ―young people’s engagement with Facebook is driven, primarily, by a desire to stay connected to and involved in the lives of friends who live close by, far away, or have just entered into their lives.‖This kind of constant contact can be efficient, but it can also be upsetting. For one thing, it adds a new layer of concern to a young person’s already-heightened awareness of social ranking, giving appearance-conscious young people yet another thing to worry about. ―I see other 20-somethings feeling pressured to constantly keep up a public image, especially a public image online,‖ wrote Ariana Allensworth on the group blog. ―Folks are always keeping the world informed one way or another about what they’re up to, where they’re at, what projects they’re working on.It can be a bit much at times.‖ Not the most fertile ground for real-world friendship.874. According to the passage, the 20s is an age for people to _____.A. have a good public imageB. keep themselves informedC. look back on their own livesD. develop critical relationships75. Which of the following is a disadvantage of making friends online?A. It makes people pay less attention to social ranking.B. It robs people of the happy moments spent with friends.C. It keeps people away from their family and close relatives.D. It prevents people from keeping in contact with their friends.76. What was the aim of the study conducted by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee?A. To know about the 776 young people’s Facebook habits.B. To find out how social media affect real-world social life.C. To help young people stay connected to the lives of friends.D. To investigate what kind of people prefer online interactions.77. The author may agree that _____.A. old-fashioned friendship can help create virtual bondsB. there’s no need for young people to make online friendsC. real-world friendship is a better choice for young peopleD. online friendship is an inevitable trend in the modern worldSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Students in Finland won’t have to study subjects. Soon, their classrooms would resemble conferences where ―topics‖ are discussed.The education system in Finland is about to undergo a revolutionary and fundamental change, although it enjoys the reputation of being one of the best in the world. The education department has decided to abandon the old method of ―teaching by subject.‖ I nstead, the country will now involve the children to help them learn and question by evolving to ―teaching by topic‖, shared Liisa Pohjolainen, who is in charge of youth and adult education in Helsinki – the capital city leading the reform program, ―This is going to be a big change in education in Finland that we’re just beginning.‖The education system, though appearing to be revolutionary, is quite logical, explained Pasi Silander, the city’s development manager, ―What we need now is a different kind of e ducation to prepare people for working life. Young people use quite advanced computers. In the past the banks had lots of bank clerks adding up figures but now that has totally changed. We therefore have to make the changes in education that are necessary for industry and modern society.‖How does Finland plan to apply the method of teaching by topic? Evidently all-round vocational training and accumulated skill development take up priority over ―lessons.‖ Those in their late teens are already being engaged in what Finland refers to as ―phenomenon teaching‖ – or teaching by topic. For example, ―cafeteria services‖ lessons will include elements of finance, languages (to help serve foreign customers), writing skills and communication skills.9Students will slowly be taught cross-subject topics which would have varying elements of multiple ―subjects.‖ These elements will vary with the ―topic‖ or ―skill‖ the student is learning. Apart from the same, students will move away from the traditional sitting and evaluation techniques as well. Students will sit in smaller groups and work collectively to solve problems, all the while improving upon their communication skills. They won’t be made to sit in rows and asked questions individually to assess their progress. Instead, a group whose collaborative efforts bring out results faster will be promoted.The education system needs a thorough reform, owing to the fact that traditional teaching techniques were based on traditional tools that were quite limited in availability and accessibility. With modern world being extensively connected, isn’t it time for the students to learn how to step ahead of mere fact-based learning that promotes memory expansion rather than mental development?(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Finland is launching its education reform by _________.79. What’s the purpose of Finland’s education reform?80. What are two of the main features of ―teaching by topic‖?81. Finland decides to reform its education because traditional teaching _________.第Ⅱ卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们学习英语不是为了参加考试,而是为了掌握一种交际工具。

上海市崇明县2015届高三一模化学试题含答案

上海市崇明县2015届高三一模化学试题含答案

上海市崇明县2015届高三上学期期末考试(一模)化学试题(考试时间120分钟,满分150分,请将答案填写在答题纸上)本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Sn-119第I卷(共66分)一、选择题(本题共10分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项)1、有关物质的使用不涉及化学变化的是……………………………………………………()A.明矾用作净水剂B.液氨用作致冷剂C.漂粉精作消毒剂D.生石灰作干燥剂2、反应过程中固体物质质量增加的是………………………………………………………()A.氨气通过无水氯化钙粉末B.氢气通过灼热的氧化铜粉末C.铝与氧化铁发生铝热反应D.将锌粒投入到硝酸铜溶液中3、对同温同压下的两种气体1218C O和14N的有关比较正确的是…………………………()2A.质量相等时所含质子数相等B.体积不相等时密度有可能相等C.体积相等时所含电子数相等D.原子数相等时所含中子数相等4、具有防腐作用的甲醛………………………………………………………………………()A.分子中共有12个电子B.能发生加聚反应C.难溶于水易溶于酒精D.比例模型为:5、实验室中不同的试剂有不同的保存方法,下列保存方法中不正确的是………………()A.保存硫酸亚铁溶液需加入铁钉和少量硫酸B.金属钠保存在装有煤油的玻璃塞广口瓶中C.溴化银固体保存在棕色玻璃塞的广口瓶中D.保存浓硝酸需用带橡皮塞子的棕色细口瓶二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项)6、下列溶液在通入二氧化硫时都会褪色,其中一定能显示二氧化硫的漂白性的是……()A.溴水B.品红溶液C.酸性高锰酸钾溶液D.滴入酚酞的氢氧化钠溶液7、室温时,两个容积相同的烧瓶中分别盛有M 和N 两种气体(同温同压),取下弹簧夹A ,使两烧瓶内的气体充分混合后,容器内的压强由大到小的顺序是 ………………………( ) A .②④①③ B .①②③④C .④①②③D .①④③②8、Na 2O 2、CaC 2都是离子化合物,都能与水反应放出气体。

上海崇明县2015年高三化学二模试卷(完整版带答案)

上海崇明县2015年高三化学二模试卷(完整版带答案)

上海崇明县2015年⾼三化学⼆模试卷(完整版带答案)崇明县2015年第⼆次⾼考模拟考试试卷化学(考试时间120分钟,满分150分,请将答案填写在答题纸上)本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分相对原⼦质量:H-1 Be-9 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Ag-108 I-127第I卷(共66分)⼀、选择题(本题共10分,每⼩题2分,只有⼀个正确选项)1、下列物质中,属于弱电解质的是A.氯化氢B.碳酸氢钠C.⼀⽔合氨D.⼆氧化硫2、下列分离⽅法中,和物质的溶解度⽆关的是A.萃取B.纸上层析C.过滤D.蒸馏3、16O、18O是氧元素的两种原⼦,下列说法正确的是A.16O和18O的物理性质相同、化学性质不相同B.通过化学反应可实现16O与18O之间相互转化C.16O和18O的原⼦核外电⼦排布的⽅式不相同D.16O和18O能形成三种化学性质相同的氧分⼦4、关于羟基的说法正确的是O-B.1mol羟基共有9mol电⼦A.羟基可以电离成H+和2C.与氢氧根离⼦是类别异构D.羟基只存在于分⼦晶体中5、下列有关侯⽒制碱法的描述正确的是A.该反应条件下,碳酸氢钠难溶于⽔B.氨⽓和⼆氧化碳均来⾃合成氨⼯⼚C.侯⽒制碱法实现了对氨⽓循环利⽤D.⽣产时,应先通⼆氧化碳再通氨⽓⼆、选择题(本题共36分,每⼩题3分,只有⼀个正确选项)6、下列排列顺序不正确的是A.原⼦半径:Si>Na>O B.热稳定性:HF>HCl>H2SC.碱性:CsOH>KOH>NaOH D.失电⼦能⼒:K>Na>Mg7、如图所⽰,集⽓瓶内充满某混合⽓体,置于光亮处⼀段时间后,将滴管内的⽔挤⼊集⽓瓶后,烧杯中的⽔会进⼊集⽓瓶,则集⽓瓶内⽓体是Array①CO、O2②C12、CH4③NO2、O2④N2、H2A.①②B.②④C.②③D.③④⾼三化学共10页第1页⾼三化学共10页第2页8、下列物质的制备线索中,不符合⼯业⽣产实际的是A .NH 32O →催化剂NO 22O H O→、HNO 3 B .浓缩海⽔2Cl→Br 2→⿎⼊热空⽓Br 2(粗产品)→精制Br 2 C .MnO 2HCl →浓加热Cl 22Ca (OH)→漂⽩粉 D .⽯油→裂解⼄烯→催化剂加热聚⼄烯 9、某⼀兴趣⼩组准备在实验室中制H 2,装置如图所⽰。

上海市崇明县中考化学二模试卷

上海市崇明县中考化学二模试卷

2015 年上海市崇明县中考化学二模试卷六、单项选择题(共20 分)1.(3分)下列物质的性质中,属于物理性质的是()A.稳定性B.酸碱性C.还原性D.挥发性2.(3分)溶洞中存在的化学反应:CaCO3+CO2+H2O═Ca(HCO3)2,此反应属于()A.化合反应B.分解反应C.置换反应D.复分解反应3.(3分)某饮品营养成分表显示每250mL含钠78mg、钙91mg等.其中钠、钙指()A.分子B.原子C.单质D.元素4.(3分)科学施用化肥是农业增产的重要手段,下列属于氮肥的是()A.K2CO3B.Ca(H2PO4)2 C.CO(NH2)2 D.K2SO45.(3分)MnO2中Mn元素的化合价为()A.﹣2 B.﹣4 C.+4 D.+27.(3分)物质X在水中反应的化学方程式为2X+2H2O→2Ca(OH)2+O2↑,其中X的化学式为()A.CaO B.CaO2C.CaCO3D.CaCl28.(3分)互为同素异形体的一组物质是()A.熟石灰和生石灰B.铁片和铁丝C.金刚石和石墨D.银和水银9.(3分)化学用语书写正确的是()A.硝酸镁﹣MgNO3B.1 个二氧化硫分子﹣SO2C.3 个氧原子﹣O3D.铵根﹣NH310.(3分)厨房中物质加入适量水后不能形成溶液的是()A.食盐B.蔗糖C.植物油D.纯碱11.(3分)物质在空气中燃烧的现象描述正确的是()A.硫粉:蓝紫色火焰B.红磷:白色烟雾C.铁丝:火星四射D.镁带:耀眼白光12.(3分)物质用途不正确的是()A.熟石灰用于改良土壤酸性B.稀有气体制成多种用途的电光源C.食盐水用于清洗伤口D.氧气用作食品保护气13.(3分)炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,用锅盖盖灭的原理是()A.降低油的着火点B.让油与空气隔绝C.降低温度至油的着火点以下D.清除了可燃物14.(3分)说法错误的是()A.干冰中氧元素以化合态存在B.分子是化学变化中的最小微粒C.点燃可燃性气体前一定要验纯D.电解水时生成的氢气和氧气的体积比为2:115.(3分)实验方案可行且化学方程式书写正确的是()A.除去氢氧化钾溶液中的碳酸钾:K2CO3+CaCl2→2KCl+CaCO3↓B.用盐酸洗去试管壁上附着的铁粉:2Fe+6HCl→2FeCl3+3H2↑C.实验室用双氧水制取氧气:H2O2 H2↑+O2↑D.高温煅烧石灰石制取生石灰:CaCO3 CaO+CO2↑16.(3分)规范的操作是实验成功的保证,下列实验操作正确的是()A.CO2验满B.收集O2C.滴加液体D.测溶液pH17.(3分)蚊虫叮咬时分泌的蚁酸(CH2O2)会使人皮肤肿痛.有关蚁酸说法正确的是()A.蚁酸由碳、氢、氧三种原子构成B.蚁酸中碳、氢元素的质量比为1:2C.1 个蚁酸分子中含有1 个氢分子D.蚁酸中氧元素的质量分数最大18.(3分)对比实验是化学中常用的实验手段.下列探究不需要进行对比实验的是()A.物质溶解性的大小B.可燃物燃烧的条件C.烧碱样品中氢氧化钠的含量D.影响金属与酸反应速率的因素19.(3分)下列各组物质在溶液中能大量共存且能得到无色溶液的是()A.Na2SO4、NaCl、BaCl2 B.H2SO4、NaCl、KNO3C.CuSO4、KCl、HCl D.HCl、NaOH、NaCl20.(3分)下列图象能正确反映对应变化关系的是()A.向一定量硫酸铜和硫酸混合液滴入氢氧化钠B.加热一定量氯酸钾和二氧化锰混合物C.向盛有少量二氧化锰的烧杯中不断加入双氧水D.向一定量氢氧化钠溶液中滴入稀盐酸七、填充题(共19 分)21.(9分)碳元素的存在让我们的世界绚丽多彩,我们每个人都应该倡导“低碳”生活,请根据所学知识回答问题:①倡导“低碳”生活,防止温室效应,主要是为了减少(填化学式)的排放量.②防毒面具中使用了活性炭,这是利用了活性炭的作用.③含碳元素的物质中,属于有机物的是(填序号).A.碳酸钙B.葡萄糖C.一氧化碳D.甲烷④生活中碳酸钠溶液常用来洗涤油污,如果要检验碳酸钠中的金属元素,最简便的方法是通过反应.⑤甲烷在自然界的分布很广,和水反应可以制水煤气(混合气体),其反应的微观示意图如图所示:(Ⅰ)甲烷的摩尔质量为g/mol,0.2mol 甲烷分子中约含有个分子.(Ⅱ)该反应中含氢元素的化合物有(用化学式表示);化学方程式中甲烷和水的物质的量之比为.(Ⅲ)用微粒的观点解释:一氧化碳有毒而氢气无毒的原因是.温度/℃10 20 30 40 50KCl(g/100g 水)30 33 35 38 41KNO3(g/100g 水)21 31 45 65 88①从表中数据可以看出KCl 与KNO3的溶解度随温度升高而(填“增大”或“减小”).若硝酸钾饱和溶液中有少量的KCl,可用的方法提纯KNO3.②KCl与KNO3两物质的溶解度相等的温度在(填序号).A.10℃~20℃间B.20℃~30℃间C.30℃~40℃间D.40℃~50℃间③30℃时,将15g KCl 固体投入50g 水中,充分溶解后可得到KCl 的溶液(填“不饱和”或“饱和”或“不能确定”).④某温度时,向100g 30% KNO3溶液中加入40g KNO3固体,溶液恰好饱和,则此温度KNO3 的溶解度为,关于该饱和溶液的叙述正确的是(填序号).A.降温后,溶液质量减少B.加水稀释,溶液中溶质质量不变C.升温后,溶液中溶质质量分数不变D.m(溶质):m(溶液)=3:10.23.(4分)如图,实验室提供下列盛有药品的装置,某实验小组要证明某一混合气体中含有二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水蒸气(假设气体通过装置时均被完全吸收)①通过一次实验证明混合气体中含有二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水蒸气,连接的装置依次是(用序号表示).②证明混合气体中有水蒸气的现象是.③实验证明时装置B 中发生反应的化学方程式为,其中发生氧化反应的物质是.八、简答题(共21 分)24.(8分)如图是实验室制取氧气或二氧化碳时经常用到的装置,请回答有关问题.①写出仪器a、b 的名称:a ;b .②装置C 具有随时使反应发生或停止的特点,用该发生装置制取气体需满足的一般条件是.③通过查阅资料得知:实验室用加热熟石灰和氯化铵的固体混合物制取氨气;氨气密度比空气小,极易溶于水,其水溶液显碱性.(Ⅰ)实验室制取氨气时选用的发生装置是(填编号),若用装置D 收集氨气,进气口应为端(选填“g”或“h”).(Ⅱ)若将收集满氨气的集气瓶倒扣在滴有无色酚酞试液的水中,观察到的现象是.④实验室常用石灰石和稀盐酸制取CO2,某兴趣小组为测定某石灰石样品(杂质不溶于水,也不与酸反应)中碳酸钙的质量分数,进行如图所示的实验.计算:(Ⅰ)反应生成的二氧化碳的物质的量为mol.(Ⅱ)石灰石样品中碳酸钙的质量分数?(根据化学方程式列式计算).25.(5分)某工厂欲从只含有硫酸铜的废液中回收金属铜,并得到工业原料硫酸亚铁晶体,其流程如下:①操作a 的名称是.②流程中固体的成分是,反应1 的化学方程式为.③液体A 和液体B 中含有相同的溶质,其化学式是;判断反应2 中加入的稀硫酸“适量”的方法是.26.(8分)某探究性活动中,甲、乙同学设计并完成了如图所示的实验.①写出甲同学实验中发生反应的化学方程式.②反应结束后,甲、乙同学把废液倒入同一废液缸中,观察到废液缸中产生少量的气泡,最终有白色沉淀生成.请回答以下问题:(Ⅰ)废液缸中最终生成的白色沉淀是.(Ⅱ)甲同学实验后的废液中一定含有的物质是.③丙同学从实验②的废液缸中取出废液,过滤,对滤液进行了探究.请你帮助丙同学完成以下探究方案:探究目的探究步骤实验现象A.取少量滤液于试管中,滴加过量的稀硝酸产生气泡检验滤液中有NaCl B.向实验A 所得溶液中滴加产生白色沉淀2015 年上海市崇明县中考化学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析六、单项选择题(共20 分)1.(3分)下列物质的性质中,属于物理性质的是()A.稳定性B.酸碱性C.还原性D.挥发性【考点】化学性质与物理性质的差别及应用.【专题】物质的变化与性质.【分析】物质的化学性质是指在化学变化中表现出来的性质,物质的物理性质是指不需要通过化学变化表现出来的性质,据此进行分析判断.【解答】解:A、物质的稳定性,需要通过化学反应才能表现出来,属于化学性质,故错误.B、酸碱性,需要通过化学反应才能表现出来,属于化学性质,故错误.C、碳和一氧化碳等物质的还原性,需要通过化学反应才能表现出来,属于化学性质,故错误.D、物质的挥发性不需要通过化学变化表现出来,属于物理性质,故正确.故选:D.【点评】本题难度不大,区分物质的性质属于物理性质还是化学性质,关键是看这条性质是否需要通过化学变化表现出来.2.(3分)溶洞中存在的化学反应:CaCO3+CO2+H2O═Ca(HCO3)2,此反应属于()A.化合反应B.分解反应C.置换反应D.复分解反应【考点】反应类型的判定.【专题】化学反应的基本类型和能量变化.【分析】钟乳石的形成与CaCO3+H2O+CO2═Ca(HCO3)2 有关,据此由反应特征、结合四种基本反应类型确定该反应的类型即可.【解答】解;钟乳石的形成与CaCO3+H2O+CO2═Ca(HCO3)2 有关,该反应符合“多变一” 的特征,属于化合反应.故选A.【点评】本题难度不大,掌握化合反应的特征(“多变一”)是正确解答本题的关键.3.(3分)某饮品营养成分表显示每250mL含钠78mg、钙91mg等.其中钠、钙指()A.分子B.原子C.单质D.元素【考点】元素的概念.【专题】物质的微观构成与物质的宏观组成.【分析】食品、药品、营养品、矿泉水等物质中的“钠钙”等不是以单质、分子、原子等形式存在,而是指元素,通常用元素及其所占质量(质量分数)来描述.【解答】解:某饮品营养成分表显示每250mL 含钠78mg、钙91mg 等不是以单质、分子、原子等形式存在,这里所指的“钠、钙”是强调存在的元素,与具体形态无关.故选:D.【点评】本题难度不大,主要考查元素与微观粒子及物质的区别,加深对元素概念的理解是正确解答此类试题的关键.4.(3分)科学施用化肥是农业增产的重要手段,下列属于氮肥的是()A.K2CO3B.Ca(H2PO4)2 C.CO(NH2)2 D.K2SO4【考点】常见化肥的种类和作用.【专题】常见的盐化学肥料.【分析】含有氮元素的肥料称为氮肥,含有磷元素的肥料称为磷肥,含有钾元素的肥料称为钾肥,同时含有氮、磷、钾三种元素中的两种或两种以上的肥料称为复合肥.【解答】解:A、K2CO3中含有钾元素,属于钾肥.B、Ca(H2PO4)2 中含有磷元素,属于磷肥.C、尿素中含有氮元素,属于氮肥.D、K2SO4中含有钾元素,属于钾肥.故选C.【点评】本题主要考查化肥的分类方面的知识,解答时要分析化肥中含有哪些营养元素,然后再根据化肥的分类方法确定化肥的种类.5.(3分)MnO2中Mn元素的化合价为()A.﹣2 B.﹣4 C.+4 D.+2【考点】有关元素化合价的计算.【专题】化学式的计算.【分析】根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零,结合二氧化锰(MnO2)的化学式进行解答本题.【解答】解:氧元素显﹣2 价,设锰元素的化合价是x,根据在化合物中正负化合价代数和为零,可得:x+(﹣2)×2=0,则x=+4 价.故选C.【点评】本题难度不大,掌握利用化合价的原则(化合物中正负化合价代数和为零)计算指定元素的化合价的方法即可正确解答本题.【考点】溶液的酸碱性与pH 值的关系.【专题】常见的酸酸的通性.【分析】当溶液的pH 等于7 时,呈中性;当溶液的pH 小于7 时,呈酸性;当溶液的pH 大于7 时,呈碱性.据此分析判断即可.【解答】解:A、葡萄汁的pH 为4.4,小于7,显酸性.故选项错误;B、苹果汁的pH 为3.5,小于7,显酸性.故选项错误;C、鸡蛋清的pH 为8,大于7,显碱性.故选项正确;D、柠檬汁的pH 为2.5,小于7,显酸性.故选项错误.故选C.【点评】本题难度不大,掌握溶液的酸碱性和溶液pH 大小之间的关系是顺利解题的关键.7.(3分)物质X在水中反应的化学方程式为2X+2H2O→2Ca(OH)2+O2↑,其中X的化学式为()A.CaO B.CaO2C.CaCO3D.CaCl2【考点】质量守恒定律及其应用.【专题】化学用语和质量守恒定律.【分析】根据质量守恒定律的微观解释:化学反应前后原子的种类和数目不变.可知在化学反应方程式中,反应物和生成物中所含的原子的种类和数目相同.由此可推断化学反应方程式中反应物或生成物的化学式.【解答】解:根据质量守恒定律的微观解释和化学方程式为:2X+2H2O=2Ca(OH)2+O2↑,可以知道反应前后的原子数目和种类应该相等,分析题给的化学反应方程式可以知道,反应前只出现了2 个O 原子,4 个H 原子,反应后出现了2 个Ca 原子,6 个O 原子,4 个H 原子,所以在2X 中含有的4 个O 原子,2 个Ca 原子,所以X 中含有1 个Ca 原子、2 个原子O,化学式为:CaO2;分析题给的四个选项,符合题意的化学式为B.故选:B.【点评】本题考查学生利用化学反应方程式和质量守恒定律来推断物质的化学式,抓住反应前后原子的种类和数目不变来解答.8.(3分)互为同素异形体的一组物质是()A.熟石灰和生石灰B.铁片和铁丝C.金刚石和石墨D.银和水银【考点】同素异形体和同素异形现象.【专题】物质的分类.【分析】化学上把由同种元素组成的不同单质互称为同素异形体,互为同素异形体的物质要符合以下两个条件:同种元素形成,不同单质;据此进行分析判断.【解答】解:化学上把由同种元素组成的不同单质互称为同素异形体,判断同素异形体的关键把握两点:①同种元素形成,②不同单质.A、熟石灰和生石灰均是化合物,不是单质,故选项错误.B、铁片和铁丝属于是同一种物质,不是同素异形体,故选项错误.C、金刚石和石墨都是由碳元素形成的不同物质,都是单质,互为同素异形体,故选项正确.D、水银是金属汞的俗称,水银与银是不同的单质,故选项错误.故选:C.【点评】本题难度不大,判断是否互为同素异形体的关键要把握两点:①同种元素形成,②不同单质,这是解决此类题的关键之所在.9.(3分)化学用语书写正确的是()A.硝酸镁﹣MgNO3B.1 个二氧化硫分子﹣SO2C.3 个氧原子﹣O3D.铵根﹣NH3【考点】化学符号及其周围数字的意义.【专题】化学用语和质量守恒定律.【分析】本题考查化学用语的意义及书写,解题关键是分清化学用语所表达的对象是分子、原子、离子还是化合价,才能在化学符号前或其它位置加上适当的计量数来完整地表达其意义,并能根据物质化学式的书写规则正确书写物质的化学式,才能熟练准确的解答此类题目.【解答】解:A、硝酸镁中镁元素显+2 价,硝酸根显﹣1 价,其化学式为Mg(NO3)2,故选项化学用语书写错误;B、由分子的表示方法,正确书写物质的化学式,表示多个该分子,就在其化学式前加上相应的数字,则1 个二氧化硫分子可表示为:SO2,故选项化学用语书写正确;C、原子的表示方法就是用元素符号来表示一个原子,表示多个该原子,就在其元素符号前加上相应的数字.所以3 个氧原子,就可表示为:3O;故选项化学用语错误;D、铵根可表示为:NH4+;故选项化学用语书写错误;故选B【点评】本题主要考查学生对化学用语的书写和理解能力,题目设计既包含对化学符号意义的了解,又考查了学生对化学符号的书写,考查全面,注重基础,题目难度较易.10.(3分)厨房中物质加入适量水后不能形成溶液的是()A.食盐B.蔗糖C.植物油D.纯碱【考点】溶液的概念、组成及其特点.【专题】溶液、浊液与溶解度.【分析】一种或几种物质分散到另一种物质中,形成均一的、稳定的混合物叫做溶液,它的基本特征是均一性和稳定性;只有被分散的物质在水中是可溶的,二者混合后才会形成溶液.【解答】解:A、食盐易溶于水,形成均一、稳定的混合物,属于溶液,故选项错误.B、蔗糖易溶于水,形成均一、稳定的混合物,属于溶液,故选项错误.C、植物油不溶于水,不能和水形成均一、稳定的混合物,即不能够形成溶液,故选项正确.D、纯碱易溶于水,形成均一、稳定的混合物,属于溶液,故选项错误.故选:C.【点评】本题难度不大,掌握溶液的本质特征(均一性、稳定性、混合物)、各种物质的水溶性方面的知识是解答本题的关键.11.(3分)物质在空气中燃烧的现象描述正确的是()A.硫粉:蓝紫色火焰B.红磷:白色烟雾C.铁丝:火星四射D.镁带:耀眼白光【考点】氧气与碳、磷、硫、铁等物质的反应现象.【专题】实验现象的观察和记录.【分析】A、根据硫在空气中燃烧的现象进行分析判断.B、根据红磷在空气中燃烧的现象进行分析判断.C、根据铁丝在空气中燃烧的现象进行分析判断.D、根据镁带在空气中燃烧的现象进行分析判断.【解答】解:A、硫在空气中燃烧,发出淡蓝色火焰,故选项说法错误.B、红磷在空气中燃烧,产生大量的白烟,没有雾,故选项说法错误.C、铁丝在空气中不能燃烧,故选项说法错误.D、镁带在空气中燃烧,发出耀眼的白光,放出热量,生成白色固体,故选项说法正确.故选:D.【点评】本题难度不大,掌握常见物质燃烧的现象即可正确解答;在描述物质燃烧的现象时,需要注意光和火焰、烟和雾的区别.12.(3分)物质用途不正确的是()A.熟石灰用于改良土壤酸性B.稀有气体制成多种用途的电光源C.食盐水用于清洗伤口D.氧气用作食品保护气【考点】常见碱的特性和用途;常见气体的用途;氯化钠与粗盐提纯.【专题】物质的变化与性质.【分析】物质的性质决定物质的用途,根据已有的物质的性质进行分析解答即可.【解答】解:A、熟石灰具有碱性,用于改良土壤酸性,正确;B、稀有气体通电时能发出不同颜色的光,可以制成多种用途的电光源,正确;C、食盐水具有杀菌性,能用于清洗伤口,正确;D、氧气化学性质很活泼,能与食品发生化学反应而导致食品变质,不能用作食品保护气,错误;故选D.【点评】本题考查的是常见的物质用途,完成此题,可以依据已有的物质的性质进行.13.(3分)炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,用锅盖盖灭的原理是()A.降低油的着火点B.让油与空气隔绝C.降低温度至油的着火点以下D.清除了可燃物【考点】灭火的原理和方法.【专题】化学与生活.【分析】灭火的原理有:与空气(或氧气)隔绝、降温到可燃物的着火点以下、清除可燃物,根据实际情况选择合理的方法即可.【解答】解:A、炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,用锅盖盖灭这样可以隔绝氧气,从而达到灭火的目的,而不是降低油的着火点(物质本身固有的属性,不能降低着火点),故选项错误.B、炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,用锅盖盖灭这样可以隔绝氧气,从而达到灭火的目的,故选项正确.C、炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,用锅盖盖灭这样可以隔绝氧气,从而达到灭火的目的,而不是降低温度至油的着火点以下,故选项错误.D、炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,用锅盖盖灭这样可以隔绝氧气,从而达到灭火的目的,而不是清除了可燃物,故选项错误.故选:B.【点评】本题难度不大,掌握灭火的原理和方法并能灵活运用是正确解答本题的关键.14.(3分)说法错误的是()A.干冰中氧元素以化合态存在B.分子是化学变化中的最小微粒C.点燃可燃性气体前一定要验纯D.电解水时生成的氢气和氧气的体积比为2:1【考点】单质和化合物的判别;电解水实验;分子的定义与分子的特性;氢气、一氧化碳、甲烷等可燃气体的验纯.【专题】物质的微观构成与物质的宏观组成;物质的分类;空气与水;常见仪器及化学实验基本操作.【分析】根据干冰是由碳元素和氧元素组成的化合物,原子是化学变化中的最小微粒,可燃性气体如果不纯,点燃时可能会发生爆炸,故点燃前一定要验纯,通过电解水实验,可以得知:电源正极产生氧气,负极产生氢气,氢气和氧气的体积比为2:1 进行解答;【解答】解:A、干冰是由碳元素和氧元素组成的化合物,故干冰中的氧元素是以化合态的形式存在的.说法正确;B、原子是化学变化中的最小微粒,故错误;C、可燃性气体如果不纯,点燃时可能会发生爆炸,故点燃前一定要验纯,故正确;D、通过电解水实验,可以得知:电源正极产生氧气,负极产生氢气,氢气和氧气的体积比为2:1,故正确;故选B【点评】本题考查了化合物、单质、验纯以及电解水的有关知识,考查全面,注重基础.15.(3分)实验方案可行且化学方程式书写正确的是()A.除去氢氧化钾溶液中的碳酸钾:K2CO3+CaCl2→2KCl+CaCO3↓B.用盐酸洗去试管壁上附着的铁粉:2Fe+6HCl→2FeCl3+3H2↑C.实验室用双氧水制取氧气:H2O2 H2↑+O2↑D.高温煅烧石灰石制取生石灰:CaCO3 CaO+CO2↑【考点】书写化学方程式、文字表达式、电离方程式.【专题】化学用语和质量守恒定律.【分析】根据化学方程式判断正误的方法需考虑:应用的原理是否正确;化学式书写是否正确;是否配平;反应条件是否正确;↑和↓的标注是否正确.【解答】解:A、碳酸钾与氯化钙反应生成碳酸钙沉淀和氯化钾,能除去杂质但引入了新的杂质氯化钾,不符合除杂原则,故选项错误.B、铁和盐酸反应生成氯化亚铁和氢气,正确的化学方程式为:Fe+2HCl═FeCl2+H2↑,故选项错误.C、双氧水在二氧化锰的催化作用下生成水和氧气,正确的化学方程式为:2H2O2 2H2O+O2↑,故选项错误.D、该实验方案可行,且化学方程式书写完全正确,故选项正确.故选:D.【点评】本题难度不大,在解此类题时,首先分析应用的原理是否正确,然后再根据方程式的书写规则进行判断;化学方程式正误判断方法是:先看化学式是否正确,再看配平,再看反应条件,再看气体和沉淀,最后短线改成等号.16.(3分)规范的操作是实验成功的保证,下列实验操作正确的是()A.CO2验满B.收集O2C.滴加液体D.测溶液pH【考点】二氧化碳的检验和验满;液体药品的取用;溶液的酸碱度测定;氧气的收集方法.【专题】常见仪器及化学实验基本操作.【分析】A.根据二氧化碳的验满方法解答;B.根据氧气的物理性质解答;C.根据滴管的使用注意事项解答;D.根据pH 试纸的使用方法解答.【解答】解:A.验满二氧化碳时燃烧的木条不能伸入瓶内,故A 错误;B.由于氧气不易溶于水且密度比水的小,故应用图示装置收集氧气时应从短进长出,故B 正确;C.滴管不能伸入试管内,故C 错误;D.测定溶液的pH 时,不能把试纸直接浸入溶液内,会把溶液污染,故D 错误.答案:B.【点评】本题难度不大,熟悉各种仪器的用途及使用注意事项、掌握常见化学实验基本操作的注意事项是解答此类试题的关键.17.(3分)蚊虫叮咬时分泌的蚁酸(CH2O2)会使人皮肤肿痛.有关蚁酸说法正确的是()A.蚁酸由碳、氢、氧三种原子构成B.蚁酸中碳、氢元素的质量比为1:2C.1 个蚁酸分子中含有1 个氢分子D.蚁酸中氧元素的质量分数最大【考点】化学式的书写及意义;元素质量比的计算;元素的质量分数计算.【专题】化学用语和质量守恒定律.【分析】A.根据物质的结构来分析;B.根据化合物中元素质量比的计算方法来分析;C.根据分子的结构来分析;D.根据化合物中元素质量分数大小的比较方法来分析.【解答】解:A.蚁酸是由蚁酸分子构成的而不是由原子直接构成的,故错误;B.蚁酸中碳、氢元素的质量比为12:(1×2)=6:1,故错误;C.一个蚁酸分子中含有2 个氢原子,不含氢分子,故错误;D.蚁酸中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为12:(1×2):(16×2)=6:1:16,因此氧元素的质量分数最大,故正确.故选D.【点评】本题难度不大,考查同学们结合新信息、灵活运用化学式的含义与有关计算进行分析问题、解决问题的能力.18.(3分)对比实验是化学中常用的实验手段.下列探究不需要进行对比实验的是()A.物质溶解性的大小B.可燃物燃烧的条件C.烧碱样品中氢氧化钠的含量D.影响金属与酸反应速率的因素【考点】化学实验方案设计与评价;物质的溶解性及影响溶解性的因素;金属的化学性质;碱的化学性质;燃烧与燃烧的条件.【专题】简单实验方案的设计与评价.【分析】利用控制变量法的思想根据对比实验是指只允许一种变量,其它条件相同的实验结合具体实验的原理进行解答.【解答】解:A.比较不同物质的溶解性需要控制溶剂的种类、质量、温度等因素比较溶质溶解的最大限度,所以需要对比实验,故A 错误;。

上海市崇明县中考化学二模试卷.pdf

上海市崇明县中考化学二模试卷.pdf

4.(3 分)科学施用化肥是农业增产的重要手段,下列属于氮肥的是( ) A.K2CO3 B.Ca(H2PO4)2 C.CO(NH2)2 D.K2SO4 【考点】常见化肥的种类和作用.
菁优网版 权所有
【专题】常见的盐 化学肥料. 【分析】含有氮元素的肥料称为氮肥,含有磷元素的肥料称为磷肥,含有钾元素的肥料称为 钾肥,同时含有氮、磷、钾三种元素中的两种或两种以上的肥料称为复合肥. 【解答】解:A、K2CO3 中含有钾元素,属于钾肥. B、Ca(H2PO4)2 中含有磷元素,属于磷肥. C、尿素中含有氮元素,属于氮肥. D、K2SO4 中含有钾元素,属于钾肥. 故选 C. 【点评】本题主要考查化肥的分类方面的知识,解答时要分析化肥中含有哪些营养元素,然 后再根据化肥的分类方法确定化肥的种类.
溶液(填
“不饱和”或“饱和”或“不能确定”).
④某温度时,向 100g 30% KNO3 溶液中加入 40g KNO3 固体,溶液恰好饱和,则此温度 KNO3
的溶解度为
,关于该饱和溶液的叙述正确的是
(填序号).
A.降温后,溶液质量减少 B.加水稀释,溶液中溶质质量不变
C.升温后,溶液中溶质质量分数不变 D.m(溶质):m(溶液)=3:10.
,其中发生氧化反应的物质


八、简答题(共 21 分) 24.(8 分)如图是实验室制取氧气或二氧化碳时经常用到的装置,请回答有关问题.
①写出仪器 a、b 的名称:a
;b

②装置 C 具有随时使反应发生或停止的特点,用该发生装置制取气体需满足的一般条件


③通过查阅资料得知:实验室用加热熟石灰和氯化铵的固体混合物制取氨气;氨气密度比
18.(3 分)对比实验是化学中常用的实验手段.下列探究不需要进行对比实验的是( ) A.物质溶解性的大小
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崇明县2015年第二次高考模拟考试试卷化学(考试时间120分钟,满分150分,请将答案填写在答题纸上)本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分相对原子质量:H-1 Be-9 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Ag-108 I-127第I卷(共66分)一、选择题(本题共10分,每小题2分,只有一个正确选项)1、下列物质中,属于弱电解质的是A.氯化氢B.碳酸氢钠C.一水合氨D.二氧化硫2、下列分离方法中,和物质的溶解度无关的是A.萃取B.纸上层析C.过滤D.蒸馏3、16O、18O是氧元素的两种原子,下列说法正确的是A.16O和18O的物理性质相同、化学性质不相同B.通过化学反应可实现16O与18O之间相互转化C.16O和18O的原子核外电子排布的方式不相同D.16O和18O能形成三种化学性质相同的氧分子4、关于羟基的说法正确的是A.羟基可以电离成H+和2O-B.1mol羟基共有9mol电子C.与氢氧根离子是类别异构D.羟基只存在于分子晶体中5、下列有关侯氏制碱法的描述正确的是A.该反应条件下,碳酸氢钠难溶于水B.氨气和二氧化碳均来自合成氨工厂C.侯氏制碱法实现了对氨气循环利用D.生产时,应先通二氧化碳再通氨气二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,只有一个正确选项)6、下列排列顺序不正确的是A.原子半径:Si>Na>O B.热稳定性:HF>HCl>H2SC.碱性:CsOH>KOH>NaOH D.失电子能力:K>Na>Mg7、如图所示,集气瓶内充满某混合气体,置于光亮处一段时间后,将滴管内的水挤入集气瓶后,烧杯中的水会进入集气瓶,则集气瓶内气体是①CO、O2②C12、CH4③NO2、O2④N2、H2A.①②B.②④C.②③D.③④8、下列物质的制备线索中,不符合工业生产实际的是A .NH 32O −−−→催化剂NO 22O H O−−−−→、HNO 3 B .浓缩海水2Cl−−−→Br 2−−−−→鼓入热空气Br 2(粗产品)−−−→精制Br 2 C .MnO 2HCl −−−→浓加热Cl 22Ca (OH)−−−−→漂白粉 D .石油−−−→裂解乙烯−−−→催化剂加热聚乙烯 9、某一兴趣小组准备在实验室中制H 2,装置如图所示。

可是 在实验室中发现酸液不足。

为达到实验目的,则可以从长 颈漏斗中加入下列试剂中的 A .NaNO 3溶液 B .四氯化碳C .苯D .Na 2CO 3溶液10、根据碘与氢气反应的热化学方程式(i) I 2(g)+H 2(g)2HI(g)+9.48kJ (ii) I 2(s)+H 2(g)2HI(g)-26.48kJ下列判断正确的是 A .254g I 2(g)中通入2g H 2(g),反应放热9.48kJ B .1mol 固态碘与1mol 气态碘所含的能量相差17.00kJ C .反应(i)的产物比反应(ii)的产物稳定D .反应(ii)的反应物总能量比反应(i)的反应物总能量低11、黑火药爆炸时可发生如下反应:4S +16KNO 3+16C → 3K 2SO 4+4K 2CO 3+K 2S +12CO 2↑+8N 2↑,下列有关说法正确的是 A .KNO 3只发生氧化反应B .反应消耗12gC 时电子转移5molC .还原产物只有K 2S 和 N 2D .被氧化与被还原的S 为1:312、从海带中提取碘,可经过以下实验步骤完成。

下列有关说法正确的是A .灼烧过程中使用的玻璃仪器有酒精灯、坩埚、玻璃棒B .氧化过程中发生反应的离子方程式为:2I -+H 2O 2 → I 2+2OH -C .检验碘单质时,可选用淀粉碘化钾试纸,若试纸变蓝说明有碘单质D .分液时,先打开活塞放出下层液体,再关闭活塞倒出上层液体13、pC 类似pH ,是指稀溶液中溶质物质的量浓度的负对数。

如某溶液溶质的浓度为3110-⨯mol/L ,则该溶液中溶质的pC 3=。

下列叙述正确的是A .某温度下,任何电解质的稀溶液中,pC(H +)+pC(OH -)14=B .0.01mol/L 的CaCl 2溶液中逐滴加入纯碱溶液,滴加过程中pC(Ca 2+)逐渐增大C .0.01mol/L 的BaCl 2 溶液中,pC(Cl -)=2pC(2Ba +)D .用0.01mol/L 的盐酸滴定某浓度的NaOH 溶液,NaOH 溶液的pC(OH -)逐渐减小14、向AgCl 浊液中滴加氨水后可得到澄清溶液,继续滴加浓硝酸后又有沉淀生成。

经查资料得知:Ag ++2NH 3⋅H 2O[Ag(NH 3)2]++2H 2O 。

下列分析不正确的是A .浊液中存在沉淀溶解平衡:AgCl(s)Ag +(aq)+Cl -(aq)B .实验可以证明NH 3结合Ag +能力比Cl -强C .实验表明实验室可用氨水洗涤银镜反应后的试管D .由资料信息可推知:加浓硝酸后生成的沉淀为AgCl15、一定量的乙醇在氧气不足的情况下燃烧,得到CO 、CO 2和水的总质量为27.2g ,若其中水的质量为10.8g 。

则CO 的质量是A .2.1gB .2.6gC .3.8gD .5.1g16、向Ba(OH)2和NaOH 混合溶液中缓缓通入CO 2气体至过量,生成沉淀物质的量与通入CO 2气体的体积V (标准 状况)的关系如右图所示,下列结论不正确的是 A .原混合物中n[Ba(OH)2]:n [NaOH]1:2= B .横坐标轴上p 点的值为90 C .b 点时溶质为NaHCO 3D .ab 段发生反应的离子方程式依次为:CO 2+2OH -→ H 2O 23CO -+,CO 2+H 2O 23CO -+→32HCO -17、如图所示甲、乙两个装置,所盛溶液体积和浓度均相同且足量,电极铝和镁都已除去表面氧化膜。

当两装置电 路中通过的电子都是1mol 时,下列说法不正确的是 A .溶液的质量减小程度:乙<甲 B .溶液的导电能力变化:甲>乙C .甲中阴极和乙中镁电极上析出物质质量:甲=乙D .电极反应式:甲中阳极:2Cl --2e → Cl 2↑,乙中正极:2Cu ++ 2e → Cu三、选择题(本题共20分,每小题4分,每小题有一个或两个正确选项,只有一个正确选项的,多选不给分,有两个正确选项的,选对一个给2分,选错一个该小题不给分) 18、某澄清透明溶液中,可能大量存在下列离子中的若干种:H +、4NH +、K +、2Mg +、2Cu +、Br -、2AlO -、Cl -、24SO -、23CO -,现进行如下实验:①用试管取少量溶液,逐滴加入稀盐酸至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清,有无色气体放出。

将溶液分为3份。

②在第1份溶液中逐滴加入NaOH 溶液至过量,溶液先浑浊后又变澄清。

加热,将湿润的红色石蕊试纸置于试管口,未见明显现象。

③在第2份溶液中加入新制的氯水和CCl 4,振荡后静置,下层溶液显橙红色。

CuCl 2溶液甲CuCl 2溶液乙)/mL则下列推断正确的是: A .溶液中一定有K +、Br -、23CO -、2AlO - B .溶液中一定没有2Mg +、2Cu +、Cl -、4NH + C .不能确定溶液中是否有K +、24SO -、Cl -D .往第3份溶液中滴加BaCl 2可确认是否有24SO -19、实验室进行:Cu +2H 2SO 4(浓)∆−−→CuSO 4+SO 2↑+2H 2O ,反应因硫酸浓度下降而停止。

为测定反应残余液中硫酸的浓度,探究小组同学设计了4组实验方案(将残余液稀释至1L ,每次均量取20mL 稀释液进行实验),其中可行的是 A .加入足量BaCl 2溶液反应,过滤、洗涤、干燥、恒重,称得固体质量为W 1 g B .加入过量的W 2 g Zn 充分反应后,过滤、洗涤、干燥、恒重,称得固体质量为W 3 g C .加入过量的W 4 g CaCO 3反应停止后,过滤、洗涤、干燥、恒重,称得固体质量为W 5 gD .滴入适当指示剂,用已知浓度的NaOH 溶液进行滴定,消耗NaOH 溶液的的体积为V mL 20、25℃时,100mL 0.1mol/L 的三种盐溶液NaX 、NaY 、NaZ ,pH 分别为7、8、9。

下列说法正确的是A .相关微粒浓度关系:c (X -)=c (Y -)+c (HY)=c (Z -)+c (HZ)B .三种溶液所含阴阳离子的总数依次减小C .三种溶液均加水稀释到1000mL ,pH 分别变为8、9、10D .HX 、HY 、HZ 的酸性依次增强,电离平衡常数依次减小21、下图为常温下用0.1000mol 1L -⋅NaOH 溶液滴定20.00mL 0.1000mol 1L -⋅盐酸和20.00mL0.1000mol 1L -⋅醋酸的曲线。

若以HA 表示酸,下列判断和说法正确的是A .左图是滴定盐酸的曲线B .E 点时溶液中离子浓度为c (Na +)=c (A -)C .B 点时,反应消耗溶液体积:V (NaOH)<V (HA)D .当0mL <V (NaOH) <20.00mL 时,两溶液中各离子浓度大小顺序一定均为 c (A -)>c (Na +)>c (H +)>c (OH -)22、某工厂用FeCl 3溶液腐蚀镀有铜的绝缘板生产印刷电路(已知发生的反应为:2FeCl 3+Cu→ 2FeCl 2+CuCl 2)。

课外活动小组为确认生产后的废液的组成,进行如下实验:(1)取10mL 废液加入足量的AgNO 3溶液,生成沉淀 8.61g 。

(2)另取10mL 废液放入铜片充分反应,铜片质量减少了0.256g 。

下列关于原废液及其形成的判断正确的是 A .c (2Fe +)︰c (3Fe +)3:1=B .c (3Fe +)︰c (2Cu +)4:3=· ·· pH12 8 74aABCV (NaOH) / mL··pH128 74aDEV (NaOH) / mLC .c (Cl -)=6mol/L ,c (2Fe +)=0.6mol/LD .该绝缘板腐蚀后质量减少0.384g四、(本题共12分)元素单质及其化合物有广泛用途,请根据周期表中第三周期元素相关知识回答下列问题:23、第三周期元素的原子所形成的简单离子中:还原性最弱的阴离子是 ;氧化性最强的阳离子是 。

24、下列事实可以作为S 和Cl 非金属性强弱的判断依据的是 (选填序号)a .Cl 的最高正价比S 高b .可用浓H 2SO 4制HClc .HCl 的酸性比H 2S 强d .Cl 2与H 2S 反应生成S25、硅元素最外层有 种能量不同的电子;SiCl 4的空间构型和CH 4相同,写出SiCl 4的电子式: 。

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