数据挖掘_Specifications of off-road motorcycles sold(越野摩托车的销售说明)
常用的数据挖掘与预测分析术语有哪些
常用的数据挖掘与预测分析术语有哪些常用的数据挖掘与预测分析术语有哪些今天小编给广大的小伙伴们分享一下常用的数据挖掘与预测分析术语有哪些，对大数据感兴趣的小伙伴下面就随小编来看一下数据挖掘与预测分析术语总结吧。
分析型客户关系管理（AnalyticalCRM/aCRM）:用于支持决策，改善公司跟顾客的互动或提高互动的价值。
针对有关顾客的知识，和如何与顾客有效接触的知识，进行收集、分析、应用。
大数据（BigData）:大数据既是一个被滥用的流行语，也是一个当今社会的真实趋势。
此术语指代总量与日俱增的数据，这些数据每天都在被捕获、处理、汇集、储存、分析。
维基百科是这样描述“大数据”的：“数据集的总和如此庞大复杂，以至于现有的数据库管理工具难以处理。
商业智能（BusinessIntelligence）:分析数据、展示信息以帮助企业的执行者、管理层、其他人员进行更有根据的商业决策的应用、设施、工具、过程。
流失分析（ChurnAnalysis/AttritionAnalysis）:描述哪些顾客可能停止使用公司的产品/业务，以及识别哪些顾客的流失会带来最大损失。
流失分析的结果用于为可能要流失的顾客准备新的优惠。
联合分析/权衡分析（ConjointAnalysis/Trade-offAnalysis）:在消费者实际使用的基础上，比较同一产品/服务的几个不同变种。
它能预测产品/服务上市后的接受度，用于产品线管理、定价等活动。
信用评分（CreditScoring）:评估一个实体（公司或个人）的信用值。
银行（借款人）以此判断借款者是否会还款。
配套销售/增值销售（Cross/Upselling）:一个营销概念。
根据特定消费者的特征和过往行为，向其销售补充商品（配套销售）或附加商品（增值销售）。
顾客细分&画像（CustomerSegmentation&Profiling）:根据现有的顾客数据，将特征、行为相似的顾客归类分组。
数据挖掘导论英文版
数据挖掘导论英文版Data Mining IntroductionData mining is the process of extracting valuable insights and patterns from large datasets. It involves the application of various techniques and algorithms to uncover hidden relationships, trends, and anomalies that can be used to inform decision-making and drive business success. In today's data-driven world, the ability to effectively harness the power of data has become a critical competitive advantage for organizations across a wide range of industries.One of the key strengths of data mining is its versatility. It can be applied to a wide range of domains, from marketing and finance to healthcare and scientific research. In the marketing realm, for example, data mining can be used to analyze customer behavior, identify target segments, and develop personalized marketing strategies. In the financial sector, data mining can be leveraged to detect fraud, assess credit risk, and optimize investment portfolios.At the heart of data mining lies a diverse set of techniques and algorithms. These include supervised learning methods, such asregression and classification, which can be used to predict outcomes based on known patterns in the data. Unsupervised learning techniques, such as clustering and association rule mining, can be employed to uncover hidden structures and relationships within datasets. Additionally, advanced algorithms like neural networks and decision trees have proven to be highly effective in tackling complex, non-linear problems.The process of data mining typically involves several key steps, each of which plays a crucial role in extracting meaningful insights from the data. The first step is data preparation, which involves cleaning, transforming, and integrating the raw data into a format that can be effectively analyzed. This step is particularly important, as the quality and accuracy of the input data can significantly impact the reliability of the final results.Once the data is prepared, the next step is to select the appropriate data mining techniques and algorithms to apply. This requires a deep understanding of the problem at hand, as well as the strengths and limitations of the available tools. Depending on the specific goals of the analysis, the data mining practitioner may choose to employ a combination of techniques, each of which can provide unique insights and perspectives.The next phase is the actual data mining process, where the selectedalgorithms are applied to the prepared data. This can involve complex mathematical and statistical calculations, as well as the use of specialized software and computing resources. The results of this process may include the identification of patterns, trends, and relationships within the data, as well as the development of predictive models and other data-driven insights.Once the data mining process is complete, the final step is to interpret and communicate the findings. This involves translating the technical results into actionable insights that can be easily understood by stakeholders, such as business leaders, policymakers, or scientific researchers. Effective communication of data mining results is crucial, as it enables decision-makers to make informed choices and take appropriate actions based on the insights gained.One of the most exciting aspects of data mining is its continuous evolution and the emergence of new techniques and technologies. As the volume and complexity of data continue to grow, the need for more sophisticated and powerful data mining tools and algorithms has become increasingly pressing. Advances in areas such as machine learning, deep learning, and big data processing have opened up new frontiers in data mining, enabling practitioners to tackle increasingly complex problems and extract even more valuable insights from the data.In conclusion, data mining is a powerful and versatile tool that has the potential to transform the way we approach a wide range of challenges and opportunities. By leveraging the power of data and the latest analytical techniques, organizations can gain a deeper understanding of their operations, customers, and markets, and make more informed, data-driven decisions that drive sustainable growth and success. As the field of data mining continues to evolve, it is clear that it will play an increasingly crucial role in shaping the future of business, science, and society as a whole.。
GEEETECH GT2560用户手册说明书
Users Manual of GT2560Rev A+Compiler: kris.mao Date: Jan04, 2016Reviewer: Alina, Le mon Date: Jan04, 2016Approver: Linda.Fan Date: Jan13, 2016 Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858ContentsCopyright Declaration (3)Technical Support (3)1 Introduction (4)1.1Overview and Hardware Resources (6)1.2 Software Resources (8)1.3Source (8)2 Interfaces (9)2.1 Interface Layout (9)2.2 Interface specifications (9)2.3 subdivision of stepper motor (10)2.4 Fan connection (11)3 Development Environment setting (13)3.1 Interface Connecting and Setting (13)3.2 Software setting (14)3.3 File Burning (18)4Get Started (21)5 FAQ (25) Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858Copyright DeclarationThe copyright of this specification belongs to the Shenzhen GETECH CO., LTD. (hereinafter referred to as the "Geeetech"), and all rights reserved. No part of this specification should be reproduced or extracted in any forms or means without the prior written consent of Geeetech by any company and individuals.Technical SupportIf you are interested in the technology of 3 D printing, flight control and U-home, welcome to Geeetech, we have series of made-up products, main boards, modules and a variety of peripherals for you. Or if you are looking for relevant information or technical support, please login our forum where you can find anything you want about open source. To know more about our new products, please visit , we will serve you wholeheartedly. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8581 IntroductionGT2560 is a compact board that is integrated with the mighty function of the Arduino Mega25 60+Ultimaker and Arduino Mega2560+ramps 1.4 on respect of both software and hardware and has more premium features: the streamlined interfaces effectively avoid the unnecessary troubles, well-regulated compaction of components highly integrated saves more space and easier to be mounted o n most applications.5 stepper motors, swappable driving modules, mighty ATmega2560 processor with 256k mem ory, 16MHz operating frequency, high-performance USB serial converter CH340C, all these make t he GT2560 an ideal option for a 3D printer control board. What’s more, GT2560 can run over 12V t o 24V which gives higher torque and higher rotation rate.Features：1.Integrated with the mighty function of the Arduino Mega2560+Ultimaker and Arduino Mega2560+ramps 1.4 kit, The GT2560 can not only take full place the them on respect of both software and hardware, but also features compact size, more convenient connection, and more stable.2. Adopt ATmega2560 as the main control chip, coupled with the high-performance USB serial converter CH340C.3. The power pack: operating voltage is 12V-24V; double power supply design feeds for heatbed and logical part separately. The current is 15A for heatbed and 10A for other parts.4. The main circuit adopts SMD fuse tube, the diode added to the power port can provide reverse protection to the whole circuit, in addition, the 5V USB is USB port protected with 500mA Recoverable fuse.5．3 12v fan output and one PWM output for LED or other lighting equipment. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8586. 3 55Amp MOSFET (with LED indicator, the actual output is restricted by the PCB board and the connector), all 3 MOSFET are equipped with heat sink to ensure sufficient heat dissipation and stable operation.7. Support 5 A4988 stepper drivers (3 for X/Y/Z axis, and 2 for extruders); the subdivision of stepper motor can be setup by dial switch, eliminating jumper caps, easier to operate.8. 3 temperature sensor input (100k thermistor is recommended)9. Extended LCD and SD card interface support both LCD2004 and LCD 12864, with which you can print without your PC.10. The firmware is the prevalent Marlin, which is known for stability, usability, and high-performance.Update log:1. A 3-pin straight pin is added to connect with 3D touch auto leveling sensor.2. The USB connector will not provide 5V for the board, if you need to refresh the firmware, please provide external power supply.3. The power port has been changed from hollow to solid one to provide higher current-carrying capability.4. The three heater connecter has been changed into blue ones: 2-pin RC3015.0mm 15A Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8581.1Overview and Hardware Resources Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858 Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8581-1(front and back images) Hardware resources 12V/24V 15A and 12V/24V 10A power supply 1 power port for heatbed and 2 for extruder 5 stepper motor input, (3 for X/Y/Z axis, and 2 for extruders) Extended LCD & SD card interface6 endstop input(X-MIN ,Y-MIN ,Z-MIN 和X-MAX ,Y-MAX ,Z-MAX) 3 input for thermistor (TEMP1, TEMP2 and TEMP3)3 input for12V cooling fan1 PWM outputDimension: 109mm*80mm*22mmweight：87 g* The specifications of Pin connectors:Motor: XH (2.54mm-4pin)Fan: PH (2.00mm-3pin)Endstop and thermistor: XH (2.54mm-2pin)1.2 Software ResourcesCompiling environment: Arduino IDEFirmware: Marlin1.3SourceArduino IDE：/wiki/index.php/DownloadMarlin：/wiki/images/3/39/Marlin-Marlin_v1.zipRepetier-Host：/wiki/images/3/36/SetupRepetierHost_1_00.zip Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8582 Interfaces2.1 Interface Layout2-12.2 Interface specifications1.DC IN：12V-24V 15A and 12V-24V 10A2. HOT_BED: heat bed3. HEATER1: power supply for extruder 14. HEATER2: power supply for extruder 2 Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8585.LCD ENCODER：LCD panel6. SD Card7. X_MIN/X_MAX/Y_MIN /Y_MAX /Z_MIN /Z_MAX: 6 end stop input, XH2.54-2Pin8. TEMP1: temperature sensor for extruder 1, XH2.54-2Pin9. TEMP2: temperature sensor for extruder 2, XH2.54-2Pin10. TEMP3: temperature sensor for heatbed, XH2.54-2Pin11. X,Y,Z：Stepper motors for X, Y, Z axis, XH2.54-4Pin12. EXT1, EXT2(A)：Stepper motors for extruder 1 and extruder 2, XH2.54-4Pin13. FAN1，FAN2，FAN3：3 12V cooling fans, PH2.0-3Pin14.1 PWM: PWM output for cooling fan, FAN: PH2.0-3Pin2.3 subdivision of stepper motorUse jumper caps to subdivide stepper motor. When jumper cap is plugged, it is ON.2-21. Subdivision on the base of A4988 stepper driving module: Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8582. Subdivision on the base of Drv8825 stepper driving module:2.4 Fan connectionAs default, no matter the power supply is 12V or 24V; you need to connect the 12V fan as ther e is a separate chip that can provide power supply for the fan. If you choose the 24V fan and 24V po wer supply, you need to connect the JP2 with jumper cap. As shown in the picture. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858Note: this function is only available for versions after REV A. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8583 Development Environment setting3.1 Interface Connecting and Setting3-1Note:Pay attention to the Plus-n-Minus of the power connector, reverse connection can cause irrevocably damages. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858A4988 should also be connected to the right port, mismatches and revered directions can cause damage to the main board. You can the correct connections are as follow:3-2If you are using DRV8825 instead of A4988, The correct connections are as follow:3-33．You are suggested to connect all the Periphery modules before testing.3.2 Software settingCH340C Driving Installation：Connect the printer to computer with USB cable. The motherboard driver installer will automatically appear. Please check the following steps.1.When you connect your printer to computer with a USB cable. The following dialog box will Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858appear.2.In the Arduino IDE when the CH340C is connected you will see a COM Port in [Devicemanager]. The COM number for your device may vary depending on your system.3.After successful installation, a pop-up box will appear as follows. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858 Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858Note: If the driver fails to install automatically, you can finish the installation job manually. Here are the detailed steps.1. Download CH340C here, which is the driver of GT2560:/download/CH341SER_EXE.html (Windows OS) /download/CH341SER_MAC_ZIP.html (MAC OS) /download/CH341SER_LINUX_ZIP.html (LINUX OS) 2. Unzip the file.3. Run the installer which you unzipped.4. In the Arduino IDE when the CH340C is connected you will see a COM Port in [Devicemanager]. The COM number for your device may vary depending on your system. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8585. Click [Install] to continue.6. After successful installation, a pop-up box will appear. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8583.3 File BurningWindows users need install driver before uploading. The board: Tools > Board > Arduino Mega 2560 or Mega ADK, as shown below.3-10Configuring serial interface: Tools > Serial Port > the corresponding COM Port of GT2560 usuallythe last one. As shown below3-11Load in the file you need to burn, Click the “check ()” button to check if it is right and then click the “” button to upload firmware, as shown below. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858 Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858图3-123-13Upon uploading, the LED indicator corresponding to the TX ， RX and L on the GT2560 will blink, if they stop blinking, it means the file has been uploaded successfully. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8583-14After uploading, you can go on to the next step. If you cannot upload, check the dialog box below to identify the problem and solve it. The common mistakes are the wrong select of type of board or serial port etc.4 Get StartedGT2560 is the CPU of a 3D printer, manipulating the whole process of printing. GT2560 can’t be put in use directly without uploading firmware. 1. Firmware uploading- marlin. 2. Setting parameters of the firmwareThe parameters that need setting are as below, for those not mentioned just leave them as default.#define BAUDRATE 250000This parameter is for the baud rate of serial port. Note: a successful communication can be realizedonly when the Baud rate of upper computer is identical with that of Firmware. The Baud rate is not set in random. The common Baud rate are: 2400，9600，19200，38400，57600，115200，250000. The last three are frequently used for 3D Printer.#define MOTHERBOARD 7This parameter is set for board type. 3D Printer has many types of main board, and the settings of IOs are different, therefore, the parameter has to correspond to the type of your b oard, or it can’t operate normally. The parameter of GT2560 should be 7(single- nozzle). For other board, you can refer to the annotation on the board.#define TEMP_SENSOR_0 1#define TEMP_SENSOR_BED 1The two parameters are set for the type of temperature sensor respectively. They are the critical parameter to check if the sensor read temperature correctly. The printer can’t operate normally, even has potential risk (damage the device and even worse). You must modify depending on the temperature sensor you use.#define EXTRUDE_MINTEMP 170This parameter is set to avoid potential risks when the extruder operates before reaching the rated temperature. If you use other 3D Printer, such as printer to make Chocolates, 45℃is appropriate, so that the parameter configured to a lower value(such as 40℃).const bool X_ENDSTOPS_INVERTING = true; Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858const bool Y_ENDSTOPS_INVERTING = true;const bool Z_ENDSTOPS_INVERTING = true.The three parameters are set for the end stops of three axes. If the configuration is true, the end stop outputs 1 in default condition, and outputs 0 when triggered. That is to say, mechanical end stop should connect to the NO (normally open) contactor. If it is connected to the NC (normally closed), true should be changed to false.#define INVERT_X_DIR false#define INVERT_Y_DIR trueMistakes are often made in the above two parameters. The parameters are different for different machinery. In principle, the origin should be at lower-left corner of the print platform (origin: [0, 0]), or at up-right corner (origin: [max, max]). Only in this way will the printing be correct, otherwise, the printing is the mirror image of one axis which is not what expected.#define X_HOME_DIR -1#define Y_HOME_DIR -1#define Z_HOME_DIR -1If the position of the origin is the minimum, the parameter is -1; if it is the maximum, the parameter is 1.#define X_MAX_POS 205#define X_MIN_POS 0#define Y_MAX_POS 205 Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858#define Y_MIN_POS 0#define Z_MAX_POS 200#define Z_MIN_POS 0These parameters are crucial to the printing size. Fill in parameters by reference to the coordinate graphs. It is important to note that the origin is not the printing center and the real printing center usually lies at [(x.max - x.min)/2, (y.max -y.min/2)]. The coordinate of central will be used in the slice tool. The printing center’s coordinate must correspond to the parameter configuration, or it will print to the outside of the platform.#define HOMING_FEEDRATE {50*60, 50*60, 4*60, 0}The parameter means the homing speeds (mm/min). This parameter can be set as default if you use the x-axis and y-axis adopt synchronous belt drive and z-axis adopts screw drive.#define DEFAULT_AXIS_STEPS_PER_UNIT {85.3333, 85.3333, 2560, 158.8308}These parameters are crucial to the printing size. These parameters indicate the pulse the axis need when operating 1mm. they are corresponding to x, y, z axis and extruder respectively. In most cases these figure should be calculated by yourself, you can refer to:http://calculator.josefprusa.cz/#steppers.So far, the commonest parameters have been configured and the printer can work now. In addition, if the 2004 LCD needs verifying, you should delete the “//” from “//#define REPRAP_DISCOUNT_SMART_CONTROLLER” to ensure the normal working. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -8585 FAQ1. How many extruders can GT2560 support?At most 2 extruders, GT2560 supports 5 A4988 stepper motor drivers, they are X/Y/Z axis and 2 extruders.2. What is the power required?You need to use the 12V-24V power supply, and if you are using the single extruder one, the total power is no less than 200W, if you are using the dual extruder one, the total power is no less than 2 40W.3. The stepper motor on for the extruder doesn’t turn?By default in the firmware, only when the temperature of the extruder reaches 170°C can the moto r turn. Tel: +86 755 2658 4110 Fax: +86 755 2658 4074 -858。
高速数据采集单元简要说明书
100MS/sMaximum sample rate16chIsolatedInputsMaximum sample rate 100 MS/s12bitNEW -Y ear Warrant -Year Warranty w .y o k o g a w a .c o m /t m /S u b s c r i b e t o "N e w s w a v e " o u r f r e e e -m a i l n e w s l e t t e rSL10000302–Up to 100 MS/s on all channels (10 ns sampling interval)–New 100 MS/s 12-Bit 1 kV* isolation module with 20 MHz bandwidth–Supports parallel testing: Perform measurements with up to four simultaneouslyindependent sample rates– Store data directly on the SL1000– Eight module slots are available in each unit– Select now from twelve different plug-in modules –Stream data to PC via high speed USB 2.0 or 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet*1–Real time display on a PC (GIGAZoom engine)*2–Stream data to a PC hard disk or the SL1000's internal hard disk*1 in real time (at speeds of 1.6 MS/s = 100 kS/s ϫ 16ch)*2–Easy to use Standard Acquisition Software–Quick and Intuitive operation means that you can start measuring immediately–Setup Wizard guides you through detailed settings*: In combination with 10:1 probe (for isolated BNC input) model 700929*1: optional*2: Speed depends on PC performance and measuring conditions.Fast AcquisitionFast Transfer and Storage Easy to useCan operate “Standalone”Wide Library of Plug-In ModulesHigh-Speed Data Acquisition UnitN E WSL1000High-SpeedEasy to use— Software —— Hardware —0504High-Speed Data Acquisition UnitHigh speed phenomenaWaveform accurately capturedHigh sample rate (100 MS/s)20 MHz bandwidthExample Setup4 sample ratesInstall modules intounit Connect to PCStart Acquisition SoftwareUnit and modules automatically recognized Select unit andmoduleStart measurementSetup WizardStart measurementPower ONClickUSB/Ethernet *2*1PC monitor display (triggered measurement)Real time full-length displayZoom display Instantaneous display,whether stopped or runningRecord Specified Durations of Data atSpecific IntervalsRecord Data Every TriggerHard disk recordingMeasured data(memory)Recordings = 3Record startRecording timeRecording intervalRecord stopHard disk recordingMeasured data(memory)Trigger Record startMeasurement time PretriggerControl ButtonsRecord start/Divide/StopMeasurement start/stop Display hold /restartDefine waveform equations using a number of basic and advanced functions.High-Speed CaptureIn the pursuit of isolated high-speed waveform measurement, Y okogawa has achieved a maximum sample rate of 100 MS/s (10 ns sampling interval). The SL1000 can accuratelycapture high-speed and high-voltage phenomena by using the newly developed 100 MS/s 12-Bit 20 MHz frequency range 1-kV* Isolation Module (model 720210).Furthermore, you can combine modules that support measurements of a variety of signals,giving you solutions for an extensive range of applications.Saving Data over Long Periods of TimeData can be saved to the SL1000’s internalacquisition memory over long durations, or it can also be streamed in real-time to a PC hard disk or the SL1000’s internal hard disk *1*2.*1: with the /HD1 Option *2: Maximum speed of real time hard disk recording depends on measuring conditions.*3: Trigger mode: Single, measuring on 1 module, 2 channels.Maximum speed for saving in real time *3PC hard disk: 1.6 MS/s = 100 kS/s × 16chSL1000 internal hard disk *1: 1.6 MS/s = 100 kS/s × 16ch*1: with the /HD1 Option *2: with the /C10 Option*3: Typical values. Actual values depend on PC performance and measurement conditions.Intuitive, User-Friendly Acquisition SoftwareEasy Tabular Setup ScreensMeasurement conditions and channel display settings can be viewed and set easily using a tabular format. Use drag and drop shortcuts to quickly setup multiple channels.Individual Sample Rates for Each Measurement Channel GroupUp to four groups of measurement channels can be defined with individual measurement conditions and display settings. Evenwaveforms from groups with different sample rates can be displayed in the same window.Control Buttons--Just Like Your DVD RemoteMeasurement and saving can be started and stopped using the same familiar buttons found on a DVD remote control. Start using the instrument on the same day you receive it, with absolutely no programming required.(Left) Measurement conditionsetting screen(Right) Display setting screen*: In combination with 10:1 probe (for isolated BNC input ) model 700929Sample RateMaximum Recording Time *3100 MS/s 0.5 seconds 10 MS/s 5 seconds 1 MS/s 50 seconds100 kS/s 8 minutes 20 seconds10 kS/s 1 hour 23 minutes 20 seconds 1 kS/s 13 hours 53 minutes 20 seconds 500 S/s1 day 3 hours 46 minutes 40 secondsSupports parallel testingPerform measurements with up to four simulta-neously independent sample rates. The amount of data saved on hard disk can be reduced by optimizing the sample rate for the DUT on a module by module basis.*1: with the /C10 Option*2: The number of channels from which waveforms can be displayed during measurement may belimited depending on the PC performance and measuring conditions.High-Speed Data Transfer & GIGAZoom Func-tion for Instantaneous Full-Length Display of Large Quantities of DataY ou can transfer data to PCs at high speed via USB 2.0 or Ethernet 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet*1. The SL1000’s high-speed datacompression engine (GIGAZoom engine) displays waveforms on the PC in real time*2. It offers the same display updating and zooming performance as standalone measuring instruments, even with massive amounts of data at high sample rates.Settings for the Hard Disk Recording FunctionBy specifying recording criteria, you can efficiently and automatically record only the data you need to the hard disk. Just specify therecording destination, recording start and stop conditions, conditions for repeating recording, and other criteria. With free run measure-ment, the specifiable parameters for the recording start condition are immediate, time, and alarm; for the recording stop condition, the parameters are continuous, time, recording time, and alarm; and for the repeating condition, recording interval and number of recordings *.With triggered measurement, measured data is recorded upon each trigger. Y ou can also manually save data from the SL1000’s internal acquisition memory to PC hard disk.Setup Wizard Makes It EasyThe Wizard automatically recognizes any connected SL1000 and its’ plug-in modules. Just click the Start button to start measuring right away--no complicated settings to enter. The four screens of the Setup Wizard guide you easily through detailed settings for configuring thesystem, measuring, saving and displaying. Of course, you can save and recall your settings at any time.Real Time Waveform Display and AnalysisY ou can display a zoomed portion of the waveform simultaneously with the overall waveform during triggered measurement. Even during live recording, you can use the display hold* to review past data. Y ou can also perform cursor measurements or automated measurement of waveform parameters (up to 26 during triggered measurement) in real time.*: The display hold may automatically switch to display resume depending on the measuring conditions.Xviewer Waveform Viewer Software (1 License of the Standard Version Comes Standard)*Offline Waveform Display & Data ConversionWaveform data saved to hard disk can be manipulated on the PC in the same manner as in real time for waveform display, cursormeasurement, automated measurement of waveform parameters,and X-Y display. Additionally, you can input comments anywhere in the displayed waveform window for printing. Waveform data can also be converted to CSV or Excel formats for use in spreadsheet programs.Offline Waveform Computation (with the /XV1 Option)Y ou can define and display up to ten computed waveforms. Inaddition to basic arithmetic operations, you can use a variety of other functions in your definitions such as trigonometric functions, deriva-tives and integrals, pulse width computations, and FFTs.Real Time Saving to Hard DiskContinuously measured data can be saved in real time to a PC hard disk and/or the SL1000’s internal hard disk *1. File names are assigned automatically, freeing you from time consuming file operations. Data can be saved simultaneously-- and in real time--to both the PC’s and SL1000’s hard disks *1. This bolsters the reliability of your data storage system, protecting your vital data. Y ou can access the SL1000’s internal hard disk *1 with Xviewer waveform viewer software (comes standard), or through an FTP client over Ethernet *2.- Amount of time data can be recorded with internal memory*: Max. file size per recording is 12 GB (recording on 4 channels, Լ 1.5 GW/ch)*: For detailed specifications, see the Xviewer catalog.ApplicationsModules0706SL1000High-Speed Data Acquisition UnitAcquisition of Explosion and Combustion DataThe SL1000 has the high speed and high resolution required for use in the performance evaluation of rockets,airbags, and other combustion-related applications. Measured data can also be saved to both the PC’s hard disk and the SL1000's internal hard disk *1. This bolsters the reliability of your data storage system. Standalone measure-ment or remote data acquisition via Ethernet *2 is also possible.— Equipped with , a High-Speed & High-Voltage Isolation Technology —This is Y okogawa's latest technology that achieves high voltage isolation performance where high-speed high-resolution measurement is required.It takes you to a new stage in measurement with high-speed high-voltage isolation performance.R C EGC EG S TU MOTORV WC EG C EG C EG CE G Transfer to PC after recording for analysisSurge voltage waveform*1VoltageTime~50µs~1µsUSB/Ethernet*2Standalone recordingUSB/EthernetRecorded to both Shock waveform*2*1PressureTimeHigh-Speed 100MS/s 12-bit isolation module High-Speed 10MS/s 12-bit isolation moduleSettingLCDST ART/STOP keyStandalone Operatipn*1*1: with the /HD1 Option *2: with the /C10 OptionSurge Waveform Recording & Power MonitoringY ou can observe and record waveforms of noise (surge) that is imposed upon power supply and signal lines when the power switch is turned ON and OFF , or due to lightning and other external events. Taking advantage of theSL1000's high speed, high resolution,isolation, and standalone characteris-tics, you can check and automatically record voltage waveforms duringmonitoring and surge immunity testing.*Standalone OperationOnce settings are entered, the SL1000 can be used “standalone”.Y ou can start and stop measurement and recording by using theST ART/STOP key on the SL1000 or by using the REMOTE input. The instrument includes a convenient LCD for display during standalone use. The LCD shows you the system status, module status, communi-cation parameters, and other information.Observation of Inverter Switching WaveformsInverter switching waveforms can be observed using the newly developed High-Speed 100MS/s 12-Bit Isolation Module, offering more accurate waveform capture.Line voltage is measured by 100MS/s 12-bit isolation module and 10MS/s 12-bit isolation module.Limited time resolution at 10MS/s (yellow line). High time resolu-tion at 100MS/s (red line).Input channelsInput couplingMaximum sample rateA/D conversion resolutionInput typeFrequency range (-3 dB)Input range (10:1)(1:1)Effective measuring rangeMaximum input voltage (1 kHz or less)In combination with 700929 (10:1)Direct input (1:1)Maximum allowable common mode voltage (1 kHz or less)In combination with 700929 (10:1)Main unit only (1:1)DC accuracyInput impedanceConnector typeInput filterTemperature coefficientZero pointGainLaser safety standardsModules for a Wide Variety of Signals and SensorsHigh-speed 100 MS/s 12-Bit Isolation Module(2CH, Model 720210) Specifications *Specific to the SL1000NEWSupports a total of 12 different ScopeCorder series modules, including the newly developed High-Speed 100 MS/s 12-Bit Isolation Module, enabling correlated measurements of high speed voltage, high voltage, high voltage accuracy, temperature, strain, acceleration, frequency, and other charac-teristics.2AC, DC, GND 100 MS/s 12-bit (1,500 LSB/range)Isolated unbalanced DC-20 MHz 1 V-2 kV (steps of 1-2-5)100 mV-200 V (steps of 1-2-5)2 times the setting range 1000 V (DC + ACpeak)200 V (DC + ACpeak)1000 Vrms (CATII)42 V (DC+ACpeak)± (0.5% of range)1 M Ω ±1%, approximately 35 pF Isolated type BNC connector OFF/2 MHz ± (0.1% of range)/°C (typ.)± (0.02% of range)/°C (typ.)class 1 (IEC 60825-1)Model No.720210701250*4701251701255*4701260701261701262701265701275701270701271701280InputTemperatureAcceleration StrainFrequency Analog VoltageNoteSL1000 exclusive usehigh noise immunityHigh sensitivity range (10 mV), low noise (±100 µVtyp), and high noise immunitynon-isolation version of model 701250with RMS, and high noise immunitythermocouple (K, E, J, T, L, U, N, R, S, B, W, iron-dopedgold/chromel)thermocouple (K, E, J, T, L, U, N, R, S, B, W, iron-doped gold/chromel), with AAFthermocouple (K, E, J, T, L, U, N, R, S, B, W, iron-dopedgold/chromel), high sensitivity range (1 mV), and low noise (±4 µVtyp)built-in anti-aliasing filter, Supports built-in amp type acceleration sensors (4 mA/22 V)Supports strain NDIS, 2,5, 10 V built-in bridge power supply Supports strain DSUB, 2,5, 10 V built-in bridge power supply, andshunt CAL Measurement frequency of 0.01 Hz to 200 kHz, Measured parameters (frequency, rpm, period, duty, power supply frequency, distance, speed)DC Accuracy ±0.5%±0.5%±0.25%±0.5%±0.25%±0.25% (Voltage)±0.25% (Voltage)±0.08% (Voltage)±0.25% (Voltage)±0.5% (Acceleration)±0.5% (Strain)±0.5% (Strain)±0.1% (Frequency)MaximumInput Voltage (DC+ACpeak)1000 V *1200 V *2600 V *1250 V *2600 V *1140 V *2600 V *3250 V *21000 V *1850 V *242 V42 V42 V42 V10 V10 V 420 V *142 V *2Isolation IsolatedIsolated Isolated Non-isolated IsolatedIsolatedIsolated Isolated Isolated Isolated Isolated IsolatedNumber of Channels222222222222Bandwidth20 MHz3 MHz 300 kHz 3 MHz 40 kHz 40 kHz (Voltage) 100 Hz (Temperature)40 kHz (Voltage) 100 Hz (Temperature)100 Hz40 kHz 20 kHz 20 kHz resolution 50 nsResolution12-Bit 12-Bit 16-Bit 12-Bit 16-Bit 16-Bit (Voltage), 0.1°C (Temperature)16-Bit (Voltage), 0.1°C (Temperature)16-Bit (Voltage), 0.1°C (Temperature)16-Bit16-Bit 16-Bit 16-Bit Sample Rate100 MS/s 10 MS/s 1 MS/s 10 MS/s 100 kS/s 100 kS/s (Voltage), 500 S/s (Temperature)100 kS/s (Voltage), 500 S/s (Temperature)500 S/s (Voltage), 500 S/s (Temperature)100 kS/s100 kS/s 100 kS/s 25 kS/s DescriptionHigh-speed 100 MS/s 12-Bit Isolation Module (2 ch)High-speed 10 MS/s 12-Bit Isolation Module (2 ch )High-speed 1 MS/s 16-Bit Isolation Module (2 ch )High-speed 10 MS/s 12-Bit non-Isolation Module (2 ch )High-voltage 100 kS/s 16-Bit Isolation Module (with RMS, 2 ch )Universal Module (2 ch)Universal Module (with Anti-Aliasing Filter, 2 ch)Temperature/high-precision voltage Module (2 ch)Acceleration / Voltage Module (with Anti-Aliasing Filter, 2 ch )Strain module (NDIS, 2 ch)Strain module (DSUB, Shunt-CAL, 2 ch)Frequency Module (2 ch)* Probes are not included with any modules.*1: In combination with 10:1 probe (for isolated BNC input) model 700929*2: Direct input*3: In combination with 10:1 probe (for isolated BNC input) model 701940*4: Some of the models 701250/701255 shipped on or before July, 2007 may require factory rework.N E WModule SelectionHigh-Speed Data Acquisition UnitSL1000Subject to change without notice.[Ed : 01/b] Copyright ©2007Printed in Japan, 712(KP)YOKOGAWA ELECTRIC CORPORATIONCommunication & Measurement Business Headquarters /Phone: (81)-422-52-6768, Fax: (81)-422-52-6624E-mail:********YOKOGAWA CORPORATION OF AMERICA Phone: (1)-770-253-7000, Fax: (1)-770-251-6427YOKOGAWA EUROPE B.V.Phone: (31)-33-4641858, Fax: (31)-33-4641859YOKOGAWA ENGINEERING ASIA PTE. LTD.Phone: (65)-62419933, Fax: (65)-62412606MS-16ESL1000 Model Number and Suffix CodesBasic Specifications Input format Plug-in module (A/D converters built in to each unit)Number of slots 8Max number of channels 16Maximum sample rate *1100 MS/s on all channels Max. recording length (internal memory)50 MW/ch (trigger mode: Single, measuring on 1 module, 2 channels)Build-in hard disk 40 GB (with /HD1 option)Maximum speed for saving in real time Build-in hard disk 1.6 MS/s (=100 kS/s × 16ch, with /HD1 option)*2Signal I/O External clock input :BNC × 1External trigger input :BNC × 1Trigger output :BNC × 1Alarm output :Screwless terminal × 1GO/NO-GO output :Screwless terminal × 1REMOTE input :Screwless terminal × 1Probe power terminal Supplies up to 4 probes (with /P4 option)USB communication Conforms to USB Revision 2.0Ethernet 1000 BASE-T compliant (with /C10 option)General Specifications Rated supply voltage 100-120 VAC/220-240 VAC (switches automatically)Rated supply frequency 50/60 Hz Power consumption 300 VA max (including modules)External dimensions 319 mm (W) × 154 mm (H) × 350 mm (D), excluding protrusions Weight Approx. 6 kg (SL1000 main unit only)Operating temperature range 5-40°CMain Specifications (SL1000 Main Unit)*1: Maximum sample rate differs depending on the type of module.If the sampling frequency exceeds the maximum sample rate of the module, identical data will be recorded.*2: Typical values. Actual values depend on measurement conditions.Plug and PlayAuto-recognition of units and modules Measurement modes Freerun and triggeredACQ mode Normal, envelope, and box average Clock sourcesInternal and externalMeasurement groups Up to 4 groups definable with independent sample rates Trigger modes Normal, single, and single(N)Trigger sourcesCH1-CH16, LINE, Time, and ExternalOther trigger functions Combination trigger, hold-off, pretriggers, and trigger delay Save conditionsManual operation, or based on time, or alarmsOther save functionsManual save (file division), specify no. of saves, and save all data in memory Save simultaneously to PC’s hard disk and SL1000’s internal hard disk (with /HD1 option)Save formatBinary data files (original, *.wdf)Waveform data conversion (Xviewer)Binary data file(s) can be converted to ASCII (*.csv) or Excel (*.xls) format Maximum speed for saving in real time PC hard disk 1.6 MS/s (= 100 kS/s × 16 ch)*Waveform monitor Trend display (displays measured waveforms of different sample ratessimultaneously)*,and instantaneous value displays (digital, bar graph, meter, and thermometer)Display groups Up to 4 display groups Other display functions History waveform, arbitrary axis divisions,and horizontal axis scaling + specifiable units (ext. clock)Waveform analysis Cursor and parameter measurement*Offline waveform computation (with /XV1 option)Max. Number of displayed waveforms (CHs)10 waveforms (Math1 to Math 10)Operations +, -, ×, /, trigonometry, differentiation/integration, FFT, and others Alarms Channel (alarm display and alarm history analysis)*,system, and alarm outputGO/NO-GO determination*Waveform parameter judgment and judgment output System requirements OS Windows 2000 (SP4 or later)/Windows XP (SP2 or later)CPU Pentium 4, 2 GHz or faster (3.2 GHz or faster recommended)Memory 512 MB or more (1 GB or more recommended)Hard disk 500 MB or more of free space (40 GB or more recommended)Communication interfaces USB 2.0/Ethernet 1000 BASE-T (with /C10 option)Main Specifications (Acquisition Software is Standard)*1: Typical values. Actual values depend on PC performance and measurement conditions.*2: When the measurement mode is Freerun, the trigger mode is Single(N), and the number of mea-surements is Infinite, there may be a limit to the number of channels that can be trend-displayed during measurement.*3: Triggered measurement *4:Freerun measurement*1: Actual allowable voltage is the lower of the voltages specified for the main unit and cable.*2: 42 V is safe when using the 701940 with an isolated type BNC input.*3: The number of current probes that can be powered from the main unit's probe power supply is limited. For details, please refer to /tm/pdf/bu/701933/tm-701933_01.pdf.*4: Any number of externally powered probes can be used.* isoPRO is the whole trademark application.* Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.* Company and product names used herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.*1: Plug-in modules and PC not included with the SL1000.*2: Xviewer required to access the internal hard disk with a USB connection.Standard AccessoriesProbes, Cables, and Converters。
《数据挖掘简介》word版
数据挖掘简介数据挖掘简介2010-04-28 20：47数据挖掘数据挖掘(Data Mining)是采用数学、统计、人工智能和神经网络等领域的科学方法，从大量数据中挖掘出隐含的、先前未知的、对决策有潜在价值的关系、模式和趋势，并用这些知识和规则建立用于决策支持的模型，为商业智能系统服务的各业务领域提供预测性决策支持的方法、工具和过程。
数据挖掘前身是知识发现(KDD)，属于机器学习的范畴，所用技术和工具主要有统计分析(或数据分析)和知识发现。
知识发现与数据挖掘是人工智能、机器学习与数据库技术相结合的产物，是从数据中发现有用知识的整个过程。
机器学习(Machine Learning)是用计算机模拟人类学习的一门科学，由于在专家系统开发中存在知识获取的瓶颈现象，所以采用机器学习来完成知识的自动获取。
数据挖掘是KDD过程中的一个特定步骤，它用专门算法从数据中抽取模式(Patterns)。
1996年，Fayyad、Piatetsky-Shapiror和Smyth将KDD 过程定义为：从数据中鉴别出有效模式的非平凡过程，该模式是新的、可能有用的和最终可理解的；KDD是从大量数据中提取出可信的、新颖的、有效的，并能被人理解的模式的处理过程，这种处理过程是一种高级的处理过程。
数据挖掘则是按照既定的业务目标，对大量的企业数据进行探索，揭示隐藏其中的规律性，并进一步将其设计为先进的模型和有效的操作。
在日常的数据库操作中，经常使用的是从数据库中抽取数据以生成一定格式的报表。
KDD与数据库报表工具的区别是：数据库报表制作工具是将数据库中的某些数据抽取出来，经过一些数学运算，最终以特定的格式呈现给用户；而KDD则是对数据背后隐藏的特征和趋势进行分析，最终给出关于数据的总体特征和发展趋势。
报表工具能制作出形如"上学期考试未通过及成绩优秀的学生的有关情况"的表格；但它不能回答"考试未通过及成绩优秀的学生在某些方面有些什么不同的特征"的问题，而KDD就可以回答。
数据挖掘在汽车销售企业CRM中的应用
基于Excel数据挖掘实现制造企业的决策支持
０ 引言
随 着 信 息 化 技 术 的普 及 ， 制造 企 业 的 管 理 层
基 本 掌 握 了一 定 的 办 公 软 件 知 识 ，但 对 于 电子 表
造 企 业 中如何 使 用Ｅ ｘ ｃ ｅ ｌ 进 行数 据 挖 掘 ，为今 后制
造企 业 的智能 化办公 与决 策支 持提供 参考 与指导 。
作者简介 ： 欧 阳浩 （ １ ９ ７ ９ 一 ），讲师 ，硕士 ，研究方 向为数据挖 掘和 人工智能 。
摘
要：以往对于制造企业的数据挖掘研究 ，大多停留于理论和概念的介绍，很少有与具体应用软件 结合 的。Ｅ ｘ ｃ ｅ ｌ 是最常用 的电子表格 软件 ，已被各制造 企业普遍使 用 ，从 ２ ０ ０ ７ 版 以后的Ｅ ｘ ｃ ｅ ｌ
软件增加 了数 据挖掘插件 ， 使 用Ｅ ｘ ｃ ｅ ｌ 实现 数据挖掘 ，投入和学 习成本极低 。本文介绍了如何 使用Ｅ ｘ ｃ ｅ ｌ 软件 的数据挖掘功 能 ，来实现制 造企业的智 能办公 与决策支持 。使 用此数据挖掘功
利 用 各 种 分 析 技 术 与 方 法 ，对 以往 的大 量 繁 杂 的 数 据 进 行分 析 、 归纳 等工 作 ，从 而 提 取 出有 价 值
础 上 ，增 加 了数 据 挖 掘 的 智 能 化 分 析 插 件 ，为 企
业 的决 策提 供 了帮助 。 数 据 挖 掘 可 以被 广 泛 应 用 于 各个 领域 。特 别 是 近 年 来 ，其 应 用 范 围 更 是 不 断 扩 大 。文 献 ［ １ ０ 】 将 数 据 挖 掘 中技 术 应 用 于 信 用 卡 客 户 的 可 信 度 分 析 。文 献【 ｌ １ 】 将 数 据挖 掘 中技 术应 用 于 生物技 术 的
欧阳浩’ ，王智文’ ，陈 波’ ，王 萌’ ，韦 灵
数据挖掘技术英语
数据挖掘技术英语English:Data mining techniques refer to a variety of methods and algorithms used to extract useful patterns, trends, and insights from large datasets. These techniques encompass a wide range of approaches, including clustering, classification, regression, association rule mining, and anomaly detection, among others. Clustering involves grouping similar data points together based on their characteristics or attributes, enabling the identification of inherent structures within the data. Classification assigns predefined categories or labels to instances based on their features, allowing for the prediction of the class of new, unseen data points. Regression aims to establish relationships between variables by predicting continuous numerical outcomes, which is useful for forecasting and trend analysis. Association rule mining discovers interesting relationships or associations among variables in large datasets, commonly used in market basket analysis and recommendation systems. Anomaly detection identifies data points that deviate significantly from the norm, aiding in fraud detection, network security, and quality control. These data mining techniques are crucial in various industries such asfinance, healthcare, retail, and telecommunications, empowering organizations to make data-driven decisions, enhance operational efficiency, and gain a competitive edge.中文翻译:数据挖掘技术指的是从大型数据集中提取有用模式、趋势和洞见的各种方法和算法。
数据挖掘大学练习题_瑞睿锐的博客-CSDN博客
数据挖掘大学练习题_瑞睿鋭的博客-CSDN博客数据挖掘中北大学练习题第一章绪论一.判断题共10题,83.0分下面各项是否是数据挖掘任务1根据性别划分公司的顾客我的答案× 得分8.3分正确答案× 答案解析这属于简单的数据库查询2根据可盈利性划分公司的顾客我的答案× 得分8.3分正确答案× 答案解析这是简单的会计计算3计算公司的总销售额我的答案× 得分8.3分正确答案× 答案解析这是简单的会计计算4按学生的标识号对学生数据库进行排序我的答案× 得分8.3分正确答案× 答案解析这是简单的数据库查询 5 预测掷骰子的结果我的答案× 得分8.3分正确答案× 答案解析由于每一面都是同等概率属于概率计算如果概率是不同等根据历史数据预测结果则更类似于数据挖掘任务 6 使用历史记录预测某公司未来的股价价格我的答案√ 得分8.3分正确答案√ 答案解析需要建立模型来预测股票价格属于数据挖掘领域中的预测模型可以使用回归来建模或使用时间序列分析7 监测病人心率的异常变化我的答案√ 得分8.3分正确答案√ 答案解析需要建立正常心率行为模型并预警非正常心率行为。
这属于数据挖掘领域的异常检测。
若有正常和非正常心率行为样本则可看作一个分类问题8 监视地震活动的地震波我的答案√ 得分8.3分正确答案√ 答案解析需要建立与地震活动相关的不同波形的模型并预警波形活动。
这属于数据挖掘领域的分类问题9 提取声波的频率我的答案× 得分8.3分正确答案× 答案解析属于信号处理问题10 为用户提供电影推荐我的答案√ 得分8.3分正确答案√ 答案解析典型推荐问题二.简答题共2题,17.0分 1 举例说明数据挖掘、数据分析、机器学习、人工智能的概念以及区别。
正确答案数据挖掘是从海量的业务数据中识别出巨量数据中有效的、新颖的、潜在有用的、最终可理解的模式的非平凡过程。
数据挖掘第3章 关联规则挖掘
例题3
• Let min_ sup = 50%, min_ conf = 50%
• Freq. Pat.: {A:3, B:3, D:4, E:3, AD:3}
• Association rules: A D (60%, 100%) D A (60%, 75%)
Transaction-id
10 20
关联规则的基本概念与基础理论
关联规则的基本概念与基础理论
关联规则挖掘用来发现大量数据中项集之间有趣的关联联 系。如果两项或多项属性之间存在关联，那么其中一项的 属性就可以依据其他属性值进行预测。
关联规则挖掘问题两个子问题： 第一步是找出事务数据库中所有大于等于用户指定的
最小支持度的数据项集； 第二步是利用频繁项集生成所需要的关联规则，根据
• Support s= 3 baskets.
B1 = {m, c, b} B2 = {m, p, j}
B3 = {m, b}
B4 = {c, j}
B5 = {m, p, b} B6 = {m, c, b, j}
B7 = {c, b, j} B8 = {c, b}
• Frequent itemsets: {m}, {c}, {b}, {j}, {m, b},
一个顾客一天买的东西. • 最简单的问题：找到这个篮子里经常出现的项目集. • 项目集 I 的支持度计数= 含有 I 里所有项目的篮子数量.
• 给定一个最小支持度计数门槛s，在> s 个篮子里出现的项
目的集合，称为频繁项集
关联规则的基本概念与基础理论
购物篮分析实例
• Items={milk, coke, pepsi, beer, juice}.
基本概念
什么是数据挖掘
姓名：闫超学号：20085530 班级：08人力1、什么是数据挖掘？一种透过数理模式来分析企业内储存的大量资料，以找出不同的客户或市场划分，分析出消费者喜好和行为的方法。
2、列出能够完成数据挖掘两个以上的软件一般分析目的用的软件包GDM（Geni-Sage Data Mining Analysis System，博通数据挖掘分析系统）SAS Enterprise MinerMarkway Analysis System (马克威分析系统)KXEN(凯森)IBM Intelligent MinerUnica PRWSPSS ClementineSGI MineSetOracle DarwinAngoss KnowledgeSeeker针对特定功能或产业而研发的软件KD1（针对零售业）Options & Choices（针对保险业）HNC（针对信用卡诈欺或呆帐侦测）Unica Model 1（针对行销业）整合DSS（Decision Support Systems）/OLAP/Data Mining的大型分析系统Cognos Scenario and Business Objects3、举一个数据挖掘的商业例子经过了怎样的数据挖掘？客户类别销售分析这个案例的前提是我们已经建立好了一个ＯＬＡＰ的多维数据库Sales，事实表为FactInternetSales，有五个维度，分别是DimCurrency，DimCustomer，DimProduct，DimTime，DimPromotion。
提出问题利用OLAP建立的多维数据库Sales，我们可以实现多角度的浏览和分析。
例如：我们可以分析2004年第一季度的M生产线产品的销售量情况，还可以实现灵活的交叉分析，等等。
但是，如果我们要分析，某个维度的多个属性的综合的销售量，例如：客户维度里有Birth Date、English Education、House Owner Flag、Number Cars Owned、Yearly Income等属性，在多维数据库里面分析的时候，我们可以把客户维度的Number Cars Owned属性放在展示区域的行上，把度量值Order Quantity放在列上，查看拥有0-4辆汽车的客户的订购所有产品的数量。
数据挖掘过程
【转载】数据挖掘过程(2010-03-31 11:59:59)转载标签：杂谈数据挖掘过程数据挖掘 2007-08-12 21:34:22 阅读383 评论0 字号：大中小在实施数据挖掘之前，先制定采取什么样的步骤，每一步都做什么，达到什么样的目标是必要的，有了好的计划才能保证数据挖掘有条不紊的实施并取得成功。
很多软件供应商和数据挖掘顾问公司投提供了一些数据挖掘过程模型，来指导他们的用户一步步的进行数据挖掘工作。
比如SPSS的5A--评估（Assess），访问（Access），分析（Analyze），行动（Act），自动化（Automate），和SAS的SEMMA--采样（Sample），探索（Explore），修正（Modify），建模（Model），评估（Assess）。
最近，一些软件供应商和用户组织成立了行业协会，包括NCR Systems Engineering Copenhagen（丹麦）Daimler-Benz AG（德国）SPSS/Internal Solutions Ltd.（英国），和OHRA Verzekeringen en Bank Grep B.V（荷兰）。
这个组织的目的就是建立跨行业数据挖掘过程标准（CRISP-DM），在1999年9月的时候CRISP-DM仍在建立之中。
我们下面详细讨论Two Crows公司的数据挖掘过程模型，他与正在建立的CRISP-DM 有许多相似之处。
数据挖掘过程模型虽然我们把各个步骤按顺序排列，但要注意数据挖掘过程并不是线性的—要取得好的结果就要不断反复重复这些步骤。
比如在“分析数据”时你可能觉得在“建立数据挖掘数据库”时作的不够好，要往里面添加一些新的数据。
这些基本数据挖掘步骤包括：1. 定义商业问题2. 建立数据挖掘模型3. 分析数据4. 准备数据5. 建立模型6. 评价模型7. 实施1. 定义商业问题。
在开始知识发现之前最先的同时也是最重要的要求就是了解的你的数据和业务问题。
第七章 数据挖掘
典型数据挖掘系统的结构
Graphical User Interface Pattern Evaluation Data Mining Engine Database or Data Warehouse Server
data cleaning, integration, and selection Knowl edgeBase
relevant prior knowledge and goals of application
Creating a target data set: data selection Data cleaning and preprocessing: (may take 60% of effort!) Data reduction and transformation
Watch out: Is everything “data mining”? mining”
Simple search and query processing (Deductive) expert systems
数据挖掘是知识发现的一个步骤
Data mining—core of mining— knowledge discovery process
Database
Data World-Wide Other Info Repositories Warehouse Web
典型数据挖掘系统的结构
数据库、数据仓库、互联网、其他信息库 数据库或数据仓库服务器 知识库 数据挖掘引擎 模式评估模块 用户界面
数据挖掘的相关学科技术
Database Technology Statistics
对哪些数据进行挖掘
关系数据库
对哪些数据进行挖掘
数据挖掘技术在汽车行业CRM中的应用
南京财经大学本科毕业设计学校代码：10327学号：2112804136本科毕业设计中文题目：数据挖掘技术在汽车行业CRM中的应用英文题目： Data Mining use to mine CRM in Auto Industry所在院系：信息工程学院专业班级：信息管理与信息系统041班学生姓名：鄢柱学号： 2112804136指导教师：蒋伟伟完成时间： 2007年６月数据挖掘技术在汽车行业CRM中的应用摘要：随着中国经济的发展，人们对汽车的需求越来越强烈，汽车工业经历着前所未有的大好发展时机。
但是随着汽车市场的发展，竞争的剧烈程度也在加剧，如何能在这么剧烈的竞争中能获得更多的客户是现在各大汽车供应商们所关注的问题，我们可以利用客户关系管理以及数据挖掘等相关知识来帮助汽车供应商们来解决这个问题。
在这篇文章里将利用数据挖掘中的聚类和关联规则技术来对汽车行业中潜在客户的挖掘进行研究，从而帮助供应商们认识到自己潜在客户在哪里，然后利用正确的营销手段来把潜在客户发展成为自己的客户，从而提高自己的市场份额以及市场竞争力。
关键词：聚类关联规则客户关系管理汽车行业潜在客户Data Mining use to mine CRM in AutoIndustryAbstract：As the Chinese economy grows , the people’s requirement for automobile will become stronger and stronger, it was a unprecedented opportunity for the auto industry experienced. But the competition will become more and more intense, the chiefly problem to the auto suppliers is how to win in the intense competition. We can use CRM and Data Mining to help the auto suppliers. In this article we will introduce “Cluster and Associative Rules technology use to mine Potential Customer in Auto Industry”, so that to help the auto suppliers know where theirs potential customer. Thus unite the right marketing to become the potential customer to the successful customer, this can improve their marketability.Keywords: Cluster Associative Rules CRM Auto Industry Potential Customer目录一、引言 (4)二、客户关系管理 (5)（一）客户关系管理定义 (5)（二）客户关系管理 (6)三、汽车行业导入CRM的必要性 (6)（一）中国汽车行业客户关系管理应用现状 (6)（二）客户关系管理在汽车行业中的应用 (7)（三）CRM中潜在客户挖掘的重要性 (9)三数据挖掘及其算法研究 (10)（一）数据挖掘简介 (10)1，数据挖掘介绍 (10)2，数据挖掘的一般过程 (11)（二）聚类分析以及K_MEANS算法 (12)1，聚类分析概述 (12)2，K-means算法 (13)（三）关联规则挖掘以及A PRIORI算法 (14)1，关联规则概述 (14)2，关联规则经典算法——Apriori算法 (15)四聚类和关联技术在挖掘汽车行业潜在客户的应用 (15)（一）应用思想和工具 (15)（二）聚类算法对客户属性分类 (16)1，数据搜集 (16)2，利用马克威分析系统软件具体操作 (17)3，聚类结果 (19)（三）关联规则挖掘客户与购买汽车的联系 (20)（四）软件分析 (25)五，总结 (26)致谢 (28)参考文献 (29)一、引言随着社会经济的发展，产品日益丰富,市场格局也发生了变化,市场竞争逐步升级,企业必须对市场变化迅速做出反应，而市场的变化又源于客户行为的变化，所以,企业必须把注意力集中在客户的需求上,客户应被作为一种宝贵的资源纳入到企业的经营发展中。
数据挖掘标准规范工具和发展趋势概述
Using functions such as log Factor/Principal Components analysis Normalization/Discretisation/Binarisation
✓ Clean Data
Handling missing values/Outliers
8.1 数据挖掘标准与规范
Data Understanding Phase
✓ Collect Data
What are the data sources?
Internal and External Sources (e.g. Axiom, Experian) Document reasons for inclusion/exclusions Depend on a domain expert Accessibility issues
Missing Values: Understand its source Strange Distributions
8.1 数据挖掘标准与规范
Data Preparation Phase
✓ Integrate Data
Joining multiple data tables Summarisation/aggregation of data
Are there issues regarding data distribution across different databases/legacy systems
Where are the disconnects?
8.1 数据挖掘标准与规范
Data Understanding Phase
•“BEST PRACTICE”
ms数据挖掘算法
数据挖掘概述数据挖掘算法是创建挖掘模型的机制。
若要创建模型，算法将首先分析一组数据，查找特定模式和趋势。
然后，算法将使用此分析的结果来定义挖掘模型的参数。
算法创建的挖掘模型可以采用多种形式，这包括：∙说明在交易中如何将产品分组到一起的一组规则。
∙预测特定用户是否会购买某个产品的决策树。
∙预测销量的数学模型。
∙说明数据集中的事例如何相关的一组分类。
Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Analysis Services (SSAS) 提供了几个供您在数据挖掘解决方案中使用的算法。
这些算法是所有可用于数据挖掘的算法的子集。
您还可以使用符合OLE DB for Data Mining 规范的第三方算法。
有关第三方算法的详细信息，请参阅插件算法。
算法回顾Analysis Services 包括了以下算法类型：∙分类算法基于数据集中的其他属性预测一个或多个离散变量。
分类算法的一个示例是Microsoft 决策树算法。
∙回归算法基于数据集中的其他属性预测一个或多个连续变量，如利润或亏损。
回归算法的一个示例是Microsoft 时序算法。
∙分割算法将数据划分为组或分类，这些组或分类的项具有相似属性。
分割算法的一个示例是Microsoft 聚类分析算法。
∙关联算法查找数据集中的不同属性之间的相关性。
这类算法最常见的应用是创建可用于市场篮分析的关联规则。
关联算法的一个示例是Microsoft 关联算法。
∙顺序分析算法汇总数据中的常见顺序或事件，如Web 路径流。
顺序分析算法的一个示例是Microsoft 顺序分析和聚类分析算法。
应用算法为特定的业务任务选择正确的算法很有挑战性。
您可以使用不同的算法来执行同样的业务任务，每个算法会生成不同的结果，而某些算法还会生成多种类型的结果。
例如，您不仅可以将Microsoft 决策数算法用于预测，而且还可以将它用作一种减少数据集的列数的方法，因为决策树能够识别出不影响最终挖掘模型的列。
数据挖掘技术在道路交通事故分析和预防中的作用
√方法学√数据挖掘技术在道路交通事故分析和预防中的作用杨进倩,孔令人,夏毓荣【摘要】 长期以来,道路交通事故甚至特大恶性交通事故时有发生,对人们的生命财产安全构成了严重的威胁。
随着社会的发展,道路交通事故系统的复杂性也在逐渐增强,传统的分析、预防方法已呈现其局限性。
为克服事故数据库中多维、稀疏、不全等因素的不利影响、有效地识别和发现事故数据的新模式及其内在规律,本文对应用数据挖掘技术进行全面整理,分析了道路交通事故的思想,提出了实施数据挖掘的具体步骤,并结合数据挖掘实现的方法和应用实例进行具体阐述,以期为道路安全管理提供科学的决策依据。
【关键词】 事故,交通;数据库【中图分类号】R128;R195.1 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】100826013(2004)0620579203The application of d ata mining in the analysis and prevention of traff ic accident Y AN G Jin2qian,KON G Ling2ren,XIA Yu2rong. Depart ment of Medical Inf orm atics,Medical College of Jinan U ni2versity,Guangz hou 510632,China【Abstract】 Traffic accident happens frequently which has menaced people’s lives and property for along time.With the development of the society,tradition approach is incompetent due to complexity ofthe system of casualty for the analysis and prevention.In order to identify and find new modes and in2herent rules of casualty data effectively from a multi2dimensional,sparse and defective traffic accidentdatabase,this paper presents an idea of applying data mining technique to investigate casualties,givesthe procedure and discusses some models as well as real cases of a pplication.It is expected that data min2ing will be helpful the scientific decision making for management of traffic safety.【K ey w ords】 accidents,traffic;database(Chin J Dis Cont rol Prev2004,8(6):5792581) 随着我国汽车保有量的迅速增加,由此造成的道路交通事故频繁发生。
数据挖掘专业词汇中英对照
1、Bilingual 双语Chinese English bilingual text 中英对照2、Data warehouse and Data Mining 数据仓库与数据挖掘3、classification 分类systematize classification 使分类系统化4、preprocess 预处理The theory and algorithms of automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) preprocess are systematically illustrated.摘要系统阐述了自动指纹识别系统预处理的理论、算法5、angle 角度6、organizations 组织central organizations 中央机关7、OLTP On-Line Transactional Processing 在线事物处理8、OLAP On-Line Analytical Processing 在线分析处理9、Incorporated 包含、包括、组成公司A corporation is an incorporated body 公司是一种组建的实体10、unique 唯一的、独特的unique technique 独特的手法11、Capabilities 功能Evaluate the capabilities of suppliers 评估供应商的能力12、features 特征13、complex 复杂的14、information consistency 信息整合15、incompatible 不兼容的16、inconsistent 不一致的Those two are temperamentally incompatible 他们两人脾气不对17、utility 利用marginal utility 边际效用18、Internal integration 内部整合19、summarizes 总结20、application-oritend 应用对象21、subject-oritend 面向主题的22、time-varient 随时间变化的23、tomb data 历史数据24、seldom 极少Advice is seldom welcome 忠言多逆耳25、previous 先前的the previous quarter 上一季26、implicit 含蓄implicit criticism 含蓄的批评27、data dredging 数据捕捞28、credit risk 信用风险29、Inventory forecasting 库存预测30、business intelligence（BI）商业智能31、cell 单元32、Data cure 数据立方体33、attribute 属性34、granular 粒状35、metadata 元数据36、independent 独立的37、prototype 原型38、overall 总体39、mature 成熟40、combination 组合41、feedback 反馈42、approach 态度43、scope 范围44、specific 特定的45、data mart 数据集市46、dependent 从属的47、motivate 刺激、激励Motivate and withstand higher working pressure个性积极，愿意承受压力.敢于克服困难48、extensive 广泛49、transaction 交易50、suit 诉讼suit pending 案件正在审理中51、isolate 孤立We decided to isolate the patients.我们决定隔离病人52、consolidation 合并So our Party really does need consolidation 所以，我们党确实存在一个整顿的问题53、throughput 吞吐量Design of a Web Site Throughput Analysis SystemWeb网站流量分析系统设计收藏指正54、Knowledge Discovery（KDD）55、non-trivial(有价值的）--Extraction interesting (non-trivial(有价值的), implicit（固有的）, previously unknown and potentially useful) patterns or knowledge from huge amounts of data.56、archeology 考古57、alternative 替代58、Statistics 统计、统计学population statistics 人口统计59、feature 特点A facial feature 面貌特征60、concise 简洁a remarkable concise report 一份非常简洁扼要的报告61、issue 发行issue price 发行价格62、heterogeneous (异类的)--Constructed by integrating multiple, heterogeneous (异类的)data sources63、multiple 多种Multiple attachments多实习64、consistent（一贯）、encode（编码）ensure consistency in naming conventions,encoding structures, attribute measures, etc.确保一致性在命名约定，编码结构，属性措施，等等。
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Specifications of off-road motorcycles sold(越野摩托
车的销售说明)
数据摘要：
This data set collects the specifications of off-road motorcycles sold in USA.
中文关键词：
数据挖掘,统计,越野摩托车,销售说明,美国,
英文关键词：
Data mining,Statistics,Off-road motorcycles,Selling specifications,USA,
数据格式：
TEXT
数据用途：
The data can be used for data mining,regression and analysis.
数据详细介绍：
Specifications of off-road motorcycles
sold
∙Abstract
This data set collects the specifications of off-road motorcycles sold in USA.
∙Data Description
There are 104 rows in this data set.
The name of every column is listed:
Model, manufacture, color, msrp, engine.cylinder, engine.stroke, displacement, bore, stroke, comp.ratio, starter, transmission, lubricator, final.drive, cooling, clutch, ignition, frame, front.suspension, rear.suspension, front.brake, rear.brake, wheelbase, seat.height, overall.length, overall.width, overall.height, clearance, fuel.cap, total.weight
数据预览：
点此下载完整数据集。