Program Development

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长安福特常用缩写词

长安福特常用缩写词(CP)Confirmation Prototype确认样车Final Status最终状态(J1)Job 1整车投产(PT)P/T Design Complete动力传动系统设计结束PT（P/T）Power Train动力传动系统(ST)Surface Transfer表面参数传递Change Cut-Off更改完成Launch Readiness投产准备就绪Launch Sign-Off投产验收Program Approval项目批准Proportions & Hardpoints比例与固定点Product Readiness产品准备就绪Pre Milestone 1SI前里程碑1Pre Milestone 2SI前里程碑2Strategic Confirmation策略确认Strategic Intent策略意向Strategic Planning策略计划(SP)Structural Prototype样车结构(TTO)Tool Try-Out工装设备试运行Global 8D Eight disciplinary ActionsG8D(福特公司解决问题的标准方法)14DMore Detailed than Global 8D (used to containand resolve stop-shipment/recall problems)更详细的细节(包括并解决停止运货/召回问题)1MIS One Month in Service投入使用1个月1PP First Production Proveout第一次试生产2PP Second Production Proveout第二次试生产3MIS Three Months in Service投入使用3个月4P Production Process Proveout Program生产程序验证项目AAA American Automobile Association美国汽车工业联合会ABS Affordable Business Structure可承受商业结构ABS Anti skid brake system防抱死制动系统AIAG Automotive Industry Action Group 机动车工业行动小组AIC Accelerated Implementation Centre快速实施中心AIM Automated Issues Matrix问题结构图AIMS Automated Issues Matrix System问题结构图系统AME Advanced Manufacturing Engineering先进制造工艺AMPPE Advanced Manufacturing Pre-Program Engineering 先进项目前制造工艺ANOVA Analysis of Variance多样性分析AP Attribute Prototype设计样车APEAL Automotive Performance Execution and Layout机动车性能实施与规划APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning先进产品质量计划ASQ American Society for Quality美国质量协会AV Appraiser Variation评估者的多样性AVT Advance Vehicle Technology先进车辆技术AWS Analytical Warranty System分析性的保修系统AXOD Automatic Transaxle Overdrive Transmission自动变速驱动桥超速档传动系B&ABody & Assembly Operations (New Term: VehicleOperations)车身与组装操作(新术语:车辆操作)BCG Business Consumer Group消费者工作组BIC Best in Class等级中的最佳BIS Body Shop Information System车身工作间信息系统BLI Business Leadership Initiative领导层初始意向BOM Bill OfMaterials零件清单BTB Bumper-to-Bumper保险杠到保险杠BTS Build-To-Schedule按日程建造BUR Business Unit Review业务小组讨论CAS Capacity Analysis Sheet能力分析表C/E Cause & Effect成因及影响CA Customer Attribute消费者特性CAD Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计CAE Computer Aided Engineering计算机辅助工程CAP Corrective Action Plan纠正行动计划CBG Consumer Business Group消费者业务小组CB Continuous Build连续性生产CC Critical Characteristic评价特性CC Courtesy Copy抄送CC Carbon Copy副本CCC Customer Concern Classification客户问题分类CCC China compulsory certification中国强制认证CDS Component Design Specification零件设计参数CET Campaignable Events Team召回情况小组CETs Common External Tariff普通关税CETP Corporate Engineering Test Procedures公司工程测试程序CFR Constant Failure Rate连续故障率CHFCIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing计算机综合制造CIWG Continuous Improvement Work Group持续改进工作组CL Centerline中心线CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine协调测量设备CMMS Common Material Management System通用材料管理系统CMMS3Common Manufacturing Management System-3通用制造管理系统-3Code X Pre-build focusing on exterior components制造前关注的外部零件Code Y Pre-build focusing on interior components制造前关注的内部零件CP Cost plan(马自达用语)由ECN引起的价格变动估计CP Common Position通用位置CP Confirmation prototype确认样车（FORD 时间节点）C p Relates the allowable spread of thespecification limits to the measure of theactual variation of the process.将参数限制允许限度下的展开与程序实际多样性联系起来CPE Chief Program Engineer首席项目工程师C pk Measures the process variation with respect tothe allowable specification, and takes intoaccount the location of the process average测量程序的多样性并将其考虑到程序平均性的位置中CPU Cost Per Unit单位成本CQDC Corporate Quality Development Center公司质量开发中心CQIS Common Quality Indicator System一般质量指标系统CR Concern Responses问题回复CRT Component Review Team零件讨论组CSA Corporate Security Administrator公司安全管理员CSI Customer Service Index客户服务指数DCO Duty Cycle Output责任循环结果DCP Dynamic Control Planning动态控制计划DDL Direct Data Link直接数据连接Df Degrees of Freedom自由度DFA Design for Assembly总成设计DFM Design for Manufacturability制造能力设计DFMEA Design Failure Mode Effects Analysis故障模式影响分析设计DFR Decreasing Failure Rate故障下降率DMA Database Maintenance Administrator数据库维护管理人员DOE Design of Experiment试验设计DOM Dealer Operations Manager经销商业务经理DP Design Parameters参数设计DQR Durability Quality and Reliability耐久性质量与可靠性DTD Dock to Dock码头至码头DTD Design to Delivery设计到交付DCV Design Confirmation Vehicle设计确认车DV Design Verification设计验证DVM Design Verification Method设计验证方式DVP Design Verification Plan设计验证计划Design Verification Process and Production设计验证程序和产品验证DVP&PVValidationDVP&R Design Verification Plan & Report设计验证计划和结果DVPR Design Verification & Product Reliability设计验证和产品可靠性DVPV Design Verification and Process Verification设计验证和程序验证EAO European Automotive Operations欧洲机动车协会EASI Engineering And Supply Information工程和供应信息ECAR Electronic Connector Acceptability Rating电子连接接受比率EDI Electronic Data Interchange电子数据交换EESE Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering电力及电子系统工程EMM Expanded Memory Manager扩展内存管理器EMS Environmental Management System环境管理系统EOL End of Line线的端点EQI Extraordinary Quality Initiative特别初始质量ES Engineering Specifications工程参数ESI Early Supplier Involvement早期供应商参与ESP Extended Service Plan延期服务计划ESTA Early Sourcing Target Agreement早期选点目标协议ESWP Early Sourcing Work Plan早期选点工作计划EV Equipment Variation设备变更F&T Facility & Tooling工装设备FACT Facilitation and Certification Training简易化及认证培训FASS Field Action/Stop Shipment区域行动/停止运货区域行动/停止运货(优先使用缩FA/SS Field Action/Stop Shipment (Preferred Acronym)写)FAO Ford Automotive Operations福特机动车协会FAP Ford Automotive Procedure福特机动车程序FAQ Frequently Asked Questions常见问答FCPA Ford Consumer Product Audit福特客户产品审核FCSD Ford Customer Service Division福特客户售后服务分枝机构FDVS Ford Design Verification System福特设计验证系统FER Fresh Eyes Review其它行业人员论证FER Final Engineering Review最终工程论证FEU Field Evaluation Unit区域评估组FIFO First in First Out先进先出FMEA Failure Mode Effects Analysis故障模式影响分析FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards美国联邦机动车安全标准FPDS Ford Product Development System福特产品开发系统FPS Ford Production System福特生产系统FPSI Ford Production System Institute福特产品系统学院FPS IT Ford Production System Information Technology福特产品系统信息技术FOB Ford of Britain福特英国FQRs Frequent Quality Rejects经常性质量不合格品FR Functional Requirements功能要求FAO (福特机动车运作) 可靠性指FRG FAO Reliability Guide导FS Final Sign-off最终验收FSIC Ford System Integration Council福特系统综合委员会FSN Ford Supplier Network福特供应商网络FSS Full Service Suppliers全方位服务供应商FTDC Fairlane Training and Development Center培训和发展中心FTEP Ford Technical Educational Program福特技术培训项目FTT First Time Through首次通过FUNC-APPRV Functional Approvals功能批准FVEP Finished Vehicle Evaluation Program下线车辆评估项目GAP Global Architecture Process全球建筑设计程序GC Global Craftsmanship全球技术工艺GCARS Global Craftsmanship Attribute Rating System全球技术特性评分系统GCEQ Global Core Engineering Quality全球核心工程质量GEM Generic Electronic Module通用电子模块GIS1Global Information Standards全球信息标准Global Prototype Inventory Requisition andGPIRS全球样车库存及控制安排SchedulingGPP Global Parts Pricing全球零件定价GQRS Global Quality Research System全球质量调查系统GRC UN-ECE Group des Raporteurs de Ceintures欧盟 ECE 安全带规划小组GRC Government Regulations Coordinator政府法规协调员GR&R Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility量具重复性和再现性GRVW Gross Vehicle Weight车辆质量GSDB Global Supplier Database全球供应商数据库GSSM Global Sourcing Stakeholders Meeting全球选点股东大会GYR Green-Yellow-Red绿-黄-红HB Homologation Build法规车制造HI High-Impact重大影响HIC High-Impact Characteristics重大影响特性HR Human Resources人力资源HTFB Hard Tooled Functional Build成形机功能建造HVAC Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning加热通风和空调ICA Interim Containment Action过渡性补救措施ICCD Intensified Customer Concern Database强化的客户问题数据库ICCD CRSIntensified Customer Concern Database ConcernResolution Specialist 强化的客户问题数据库解决问题专员IE Industrial Engineer产业工程师IFR Increasing Failure Rate 故障率增长ILVS In-Line Vehicle Sequencing车辆顺序IM Industrial Materials工业材料IP Instrument Panel仪表板IPD In Plant Date进厂日IQ Incoming Quality进货质量IQS2Initial Quality Study初始质量研究IR Internal Reject内部不合格品ISO International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织ISPC In-Station Process Controls过程质量控制JIT Just in Time及时JPH Jobs Per Hour每小时工作量JSA Job Safety Analysis工作安全分析PSW (零件质量合格验收) 未做好KKK PSW not ready for inspection检测准备KLT Key Life Test关键使用寿命测试KO Kickoff起动LCL Lower Control Limit低控制限值LDEM Lean Design Evaluation Matrix设计评估表LOA Letter of Agreement协议书LP&T Launch Planning & Training投产计划和培训LR Launch Readiness投产准备就绪LRR Launch Readiness Review投产准备就绪论证LS Launch Sign-Off投产验收LSL Lower Specification Limit低参数限制LTDB Light Truck Data Base轻型卡车数据库MBJ1Months Before Job One Job1（投产）前1个月MBO Manufacturing Business Office制造办公室ME Manufacturing Engineering制造工程MIS Months in Service使用中的月份MMSA Material Management System Assessment物料管理系统评定MP Mass Production批量生产MP&L Materials, Planning and Logistics材料、计划与物流MPPS Manufacturing Process Planning System制造程序计划系统MOD Module模块MRB Material Review Board物料论证板MRD Material Required Date物料要求到厂日MS Material Specifications物料参数MS3(MSIII)Material Supply Version III物料供应（第三版）MTC Manage the Change管理变更MY Model Year年度车型NAAO North American Automotive Operations北美汽车工业协会NFM Noise Factor Management噪声管理NIST National Institute of Standards and Testing全国标准和测试协会NMPDC New Model Program Development Center新车型项目开发中心Nova C New Overall Vehicle Audit新车总评审NPPR New Program Product Review供应商技术支持NTEI New Tooled End Items新工具加工成品NVH Noise, Vibration, Harshness噪声、振动、操纵平顺性OCM Operating Committee Meeting工作委员会会议OEE Overall Equipment Efficiency总体设备效率OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer设备最初制造厂ONP Owner Notification Program车主告知程序OS Operator Safety操作者安全OTG Open to Go可进行P Diagrams Parameter Diagrams参数图表PA Program Approval项目批准PAG Premier Automotive Group首要机动车项目组PAL Project Attribute Leadership项目特性领导层PAT Program Activity Team, Program Attribute Team, 项目促进小组、项目特性小组和or Program Action Team项目行动小组PCA Permanent Corrective Action持续改进行动PCF Parts Coordination Fixture零件夹具验证PCI Product Change Information产品变更信息PD Product Development产品开发PDL Program Design Language项目设计语言PD Q1Product Development Q1产品开发Q1PDN2Phased Data NotificationPDSA Plan, Do, Study, Act计划、实践、研讨、实施PFMEA Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis程序故障模式影响分析PI Process Improvement程序改进PIPC Percentage of P pk Indices Process Capable P pk指数程序能力百分比Percentage of Inspection Point That SatisfyPIST满足公差要求的检查点百分比TolerancePM Program Manger项目经理PMA Project Management Analyst项目管理分析PMT Program Management Team or Program Module T eam 项目管理组或项目模式组PO Purchase Order采购订单POC Point of Contact联系点POT Process Ownership Team程序所有者小组P p Process Potential程序潜力PP Pilot ProductPP&T Product Planning & Technology产品计划和技术PPAP Production Part Approval Process生产零件批准程序P pk Process Capability程序能力PPC Product Planning Committee产品计划委员会PPL Program Parts List项目零件清单PPMParts per Million (applied to defectiveSupplier parts)零件的百万分比率（适用于供应商不合格零件）PPPM Program and Pre-Production Management程序和投产前管理PR Public Relations公共关系PR Product Requirement产品要求PR Product Readiness Milestone产品就绪时间节点PSO Production Standard Order制造标准订单PSS Private Switching Service私人转接服务PST Program Steering Team项目指导小组PSW Part Submission Warrant零件质量合格验收PTO Powertrain Operations传动系统操纵件PTR Platinum Resistance Thermometer铂金电阻温度计PV Production Validation产品验证PV Process Variables程序变更PV Part Variation零件变更PVBR Prototype Vehicle Build Requirements样车制造要求PVM Production Validation Method产品验证方法PVP Powertrain Validation Program 传动系统验证程序PVT Product Vehicle Team or Plant Vehicle Team产品车辆组或工厂车辆组QA Quality Assurance质量保证QC Quality Control质量控制QCT Quality Cost Timing质量成本时机选择QFD Quality Function Deployment质量功能配备QFTF Quality Focused Test Fleet质量节点测试行动组QLS Quality Leadership System质量领导体系QMS Quality Management System质量管理体系QOS Quality Operating System质量运作体系QOE Quality of Event质量事件QPM Quality Program Manager质量项目经理QPS Quality Process System质量程序系统QR Quality Reject质量不合格QS-9000Quality Systems – 9000质量体系-9000Quality System Assessment for ProductQSA-PD产品开发质量体系评估DevelopmentQTM Quality Team Member质量小组成员QVA Quality-Focused Value Analysis Workshop车间质量重点价值分析R Range范围RFQ Request For Quotation寻求报价R&M Reliability and Maintainability可靠性及可维护性RMS Resource Management System资源管理系统R&R Repeatability and Reproducibility重复性和再现性R&R Roles and Responsibilities职务与责任R&VT Research & Vehicle Technology研究与车辆技术R/1000Repairs per thousand修理千分率RAP Remote Anti-theft Personality module 防盗遥控器个性化模式Robust Engineering Design Process Enabler积极的工程设计程序计划REDPEPRProjectRIE Reliability Improvement Engineer可靠性改进工程师ROA Return on Assets资产回报率ROCOF Rate of Occurrence of Failure故障发生率RPN Risk Priority Number优先处理风险号码RRCL Reliability and Robustness Check List可靠性与强有力的核对表RRDM Reliability and Robustness Demonstration Matrix可靠性与强有力的演示图表RRR PSW rejected PSW (零件质量合格验收) 不合格RWUP RealWorld Usage Profile现实生活使用记录S Standard deviation标准偏差s2Variance多样性SC Significant Characteristics重要特性Significant Characteristics/CriticalSCs/CCs重要特性/评价特性CharacteristicsSCAC Supplier Craftsmanship Advisory Committee供应商技术顾问委员会SCTs Strategic Commodity Teams策略性商品组SDS System Design Specifications系统设计参数SDS Subsystem Design Specification子系统设计参数SEVA Systems Engineering Value Analysis系统工程价值分析Senko Drawing先行图SHARP Safety and Health Assessment Review Process安全和健康评估讨论程序SI System International des Unit国际单位制SIM Supplier Improvement Metrics供应商改进步骤SMART Synchronous Material and Replenishment Trigger同步物料与补给触发器SME Subject Matter Expert主题专家SMF Synchronous Material Flow同步物料流程SOW Statement of Work工作陈述SP Support PlanSP/AP Structural Prototype/Attribute Prototype结构原形/特性原形SP&PI Strategic Process & Product Improvement策略性程序和产品改进SPC Special Product Committee特殊产品委员会SPC Statistical Process Control统计程序控制SPROM Sample Promise Date承诺的样品到货日SREA Supplier Request for Engineering Approval供应商要求工程批准SRI Supplier Responsible Issues供应商责任SSI Sales Satisfaction Index销售满意度指标SSM Strategic Sourcing Meeting策略选点会议ST Surface Transfer表面转移STA Supplier Technical Assistance供应商技术支持STARS Supplier Tracking and Reporting System供应商跟踪及汇报系统SVC Small Vehicle Center小型车中心TA Target Agreement目标协议TB Training Build训练制造TAP Target Achievement Plan目标完成计划TCM Total Cost Management 总成本管理TED Things Engineers Do工程师任务TEG Tooling and Equipment Group工装及设备组TEM Total Equipment Management全部设备管理TGR Things Gone Right事态发展正确TGW Things Gone Wrong事态发展错误TIS Time in Service服务期限TOC Table of Contents目录TPM Total Productive Maintenance全部生产维护TPPS Torque Process Potential Study扭矩程序潜力研究TQC True Quality Characteristics真实质量特性TRIZ (Russian)Theory of Inventive Problem Solving创造性解决问题的理论(俄罗斯) TRMC Timing, Release and Material Control (also 时效性、发布和物料控制（同known as Tar-Mac)Tar-Mac）TS-16949Technical Specification – 16949技术规范-16949 TSP Technical Skills Program技术性技能项目TTO Tool Try Out工装试运行UCL Upper Control Limit上限控制USL Upper Specification Limit参数上限V/C Very or Completely Satisfied非常或完全满意VC Vehicle Center汽车中心VC BuyerVehicle Center Buyer (now Consumer BusinessGroup Buyer)车辆中心客户（现在为商务集团购买客户）VDI Vehicle Dependability Index车辆可靠性指标VDS Vehicle Design Specifications车辆设计参数VDS Vehicle Descriptor Section车辆描述组VER Vehicle Evaluation Ratings车辆评估等级VFG Vehicle Function Group车辆功能组VIN Vehicle Identification Number车辆识别代码VLD Vehicle Line Director车辆生产线总监VO Vehicle Office车辆办公室VO Vehicle Operations车辆运作VOGO Vehicle Operations General Office车辆运作综合办公室VP Vice President副总裁VPMC Vehicle Project Management Coordinator车辆项目管理协调员VPP Vehicle Program Plan车辆项目计划VQL Vehicle Quality Level车辆质量级别VQR Vehicle Quality Review车辆质量研讨VRT Vehicle Review Team车辆研讨小组VRT Variability Reduction Team减少差异小组VRT Vehicle Reduction Team车辆减产小组WAS Work Analysis Sheet工作分析表WCR Worldwide Customer Requirements全球客户需求WERS Worldwide Engineering Release System全球工程发布系统WIP Work In Progress进行中的工作WMI World Manufacturing Identifier世界制造商识别代码WPRC Warranty Parts Return Center维修部件回收中心Potential Significant and CriticalYS/YC潜在的重要和评价特性CharacteristicsRemark: Editor adds the content in shadow. 备注：阴影部分的内容为编者增加。

组织活动英语作文高中初中

Organizing an event is a challenging yet rewarding task that involves planning, coordination, and execution. Heres a detailed account of how to organize an event, suitable for both high school and middle school students.Title: Organizing an EventIntroduction:The first step in organizing an event is to define its purpose. Whether its a cultural festival, a sports competition, or a charity fundraiser, the objective should be clear to guide the planning process.Step 1: Form a Planning CommitteeGather a group of enthusiastic and responsible individuals who will be responsible for different aspects of the event. This committee will be the backbone of the organization process.Step 2: Set Clear Objectives and GoalsDetermine what you want to achieve with the event. Are you raising awareness, funds, or simply providing entertainment? Clear goals will help in making decisions throughout the planning process.Step 3: Choose a Theme and DateSelect a theme that resonates with your objectives and appeals to your target audience. The date should be chosen considering holidays, exams, and other events that might affect attendance.Step 4: Budget PlanningCreate a budget that includes all potential expenses such as venue rental, decorations, refreshments, entertainment, and promotional materials. Also, plan for contingencies. Step 5: Secure a VenueFind a suitable location that can accommodate the expected number of attendees and fits within your budget. Consider factors like accessibility, facilities, and ambiance.Step 6: Promotion and MarketingDevelop a marketing plan to spread the word about your event. This could include posters, social media campaigns, school announcements, and local media coverage. Step 7: Program DevelopmentPlan the events program, including the schedule of activities, speakers, performances, andany competitions or games. Ensure there is a good balance to keep attendees engaged. Step 8: Logistics and VolunteersOrganize the logistics such as transportation, seating arrangements, and safety measures. Recruit volunteers to assist with various tasks during the event.Step 9: Sponsorship and PartnershipsSeek sponsorships and partnerships to help fund the event. Local businesses, organizations, and individuals may be willing to contribute in exchange for publicity. Step 10: Rehearsals and Final PreparationsConduct rehearsals to ensure everything runs smoothly. Finalize all arrangements, including decorations, sound systems, and any technology needed.Step 11: Day of the EventOn the day of the event, ensure that all team members and volunteers are aware of their responsibilities. Be prepared to handle any lastminute issues that may arise.Step 12: PostEvent EvaluationAfter the event, gather feedback from attendees, participants, and volunteers. Analyze what worked well and what could be improved for future events.Conclusion:Organizing an event requires careful planning, teamwork, and adaptability. By following these steps, you can ensure a successful and memorable event that achieves its intended goals.Reflection:Reflect on the experience of organizing the event. What did you learn? How can you apply these skills to future endeavors? Organizing an event is not just about the final product but also about the journey and the skills gained along the way.。

系统工程第2章系统工程的基本方法和方法论

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Hale Waihona Puke 2.1.3 兰德方法论——系统分析方法论1/5
美国兰德公司（RAND Corporation）自1948年成立以后，主要为战后美国空军的发展战略提供咨询服务。后来逐渐扩大了工作范围，在长期经验积累的基础上，创立了系统分析方法论，在人口、自动化技术、新式武器系统等问题分析方面得到了很好的应用。到了1972年，在美国、前苏联等12个国家的科学家倡导下，在奥地利拉克森堡成立了“国际应用系统分析研究所（IIASA，International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis）”，其应用范围也随之扩展到社会、经济、科技、生态、环境等领域。
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钱学森
2.2.1 综合集成方法论2/2
这套方法是钱老在研究复杂巨系统的问题时提出的。该方法从整体的角度研究解决问题的方法，采用人机结合、以人为主的思维方法和研究方式，对各个层次、不同领域的信息和知识进行综合集成，通过将专家经验、统计数据和信息资料、计算机技术三者的有机结合，来完成从对整体的定性认识到定量认识转变，构成一个以人为主的高度智能的人机结合系统，并发挥这个系统的整体优势，去解决更多的复杂决策问题。
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2.1.1 霍尔方法论——硬系统方法论6/6 （3）知识维（Professions）
表明完成各个阶段和各个步骤所需的各种专业知识、技能和技术。例如：艺术、社会科学、管理学。一般只使用时间维和逻辑维，构成两维活动矩阵
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2.1.2 切克兰德方法论——软系统方法论1/4
英国学者P·切克兰德(Peter Checkland)在大量实践的基础上提出了所谓“软”系统方法论 1930年，切克兰德生于英国伯明翰， 1954年从牛津大学圣约翰学院获得化学硕士学位，并在化工领域工作了15年，于在60年代末加入了兰开斯特大学的系统工程系，后担任了系统科学教授。著有《系统论的思想与实践》等著作，他是软系统方法论的创始人。

联合国主要机构的名称英汉对照

联合国主要机构的名称英汉对照International Court of Justice 国际法院Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Secretariat 秘书处Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室Office of Legal Affairs 法务局Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 证治安全局Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局Office of Public Information 公共资料处Department of Conference Services 会议局Office of General Services 总务处United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 联合国贸易开发事物局Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所International Law Commission 国际法委员会United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law 国际贸易法委员会Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination,ECPC 扩大计划调整委员会Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会Statistical Commission 统计委员会Population Commission 人口委员会Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会Committee on Housing, Building and Planning 住宅建筑企划委员会Committee for Development Planning 开发计划委员会Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议Trade and Development Board,TDB 联合国开发委员会United Nations Development Program,UNDP 联合国开发计划处United Nation Children's Fund,UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations Industrial Development Organization,UNIDO 联合国工业开发组织United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Institute for Training and Research,UNITR 联合国调查训练研究所United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 联合国FAO世界粮食计划国际委员会International Narcotics Control Board,INCB 国际麻醉药管制委员会Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会International Labor Organization,ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮食农业组织United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization,UNESCO 联合国教育科学文化组织International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO 国际民间航空组织World Health Organization,WHO 世界卫生组织International Telecommunications Union,ITU 国际电信同盟World Meteorological Organization,WMO 世界气象组织Universal Postal Union,UPU 万国邮政联盟International Maritime Consultative Organzation,IMCO 国际海事协议组织International Finance Corporation,IFC 国际金融组织International Monetary Fund,IMF 国际货币基金会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD 世界银行International Development Association,IDA 国际开发协会General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA 国际原子能组织World Federation of Trade Unions,WFTU 世界劳工组织International Confederation of Free Trade Unions,ICFTU 国际自由劳工联盟International Chamber of Commerce,ICC 国际工农商会International Federation of Agricultural Producers,IFAC 国际农业生产联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union,IPU 诸国会议同盟International Organization of Employers,IOE 国际雇佣者组织World Veterans Federation,WVF 世界退伍军人联盟International Union of Local Authorities,IULA 世界地方自治联盟United Towns Organization,UTO 姊妹市团体联盟重要机构名称A类National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People’s Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants’ and Workers’ Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic Self-Government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people’s organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团（All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students’ Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women’s Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部B类Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Secretariat 秘书处Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室Office of Legal Affairs 法务局Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 证治安全局Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局Office of Public Information 公共资料处Department of Conference Services 会议局Office of General Services 总务处United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 联合国贸易开发事物局Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所International Law Commission 国际法委员会United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law 国际贸易法委员会Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination,ECPC 扩大计划调整委员会Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会Statistical Commission 统计委员会Population Commission 人口委员会Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会Committee on Housing, Building and Planning 住宅建筑企划委员会Committee for Development Planning 开发计划委员会Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议Trade and Development Board,TDB 联合国开发委员会United Nations Development Program,UNDP 联合国开发计划处United Nation Children’s Fund,UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations Industrial Development Organization,UNIDO 联合国工业开发组织United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Institute for Training and Research,UNITR 联合国调查训练研究所United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 联合国FAO世界粮食计划国际委员会International Narcotics Control Board,INCB 国际麻醉药管制委员会Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会International Labor Organization,ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮食农业组织United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization,UNESCO 联合国教育科学文化组织International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO 国际民间航空组织World Health Organization,WHO 世界卫生组织International Telecommunications Union,ITU 国际电信同盟World Meteorological Organization,WMO 世界气象组织Universal Postal Union,UPU 万国邮政联盟International Maritime Consultative Organzation,IMCO 国际海事协议组织International Finance Corporation,IFC 国际金融组织International Monetary Fund,IMF 国际货币基金会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD 世界银行International Development Association,IDA 国际开发协会General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA 国际原子能组织World Federation of Trade Unions,WFTU 世界劳工组织International Confederation of Free Trade Unions,ICFTU 国际自由劳工联盟International Chamber of Commerce,ICC 国际工农商会International Federation of Agricultural Producers,IFAC 国际农业生产联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union,IPU 诸国会议同盟International Organization of Employers,IOE 国际雇佣者组织World Veterans Federation,WVF 世界退伍军人联盟International Union of Local Authorities,IULA 世界地方自治联盟United Towns Organization,UTO 姊妹市团体联盟国际与区域机构名称《A》阿拉伯共同市场Arab Common Market (ACM)阿拉伯国家联盟(阿盟)League of Arab States (Arab League; LAS)阿拉伯货币基金组织Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)阿拉伯经济统一委员会Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)阿拉伯联盟教科文组织Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO)阿拉伯马格里布联盟Union de Maghreb Arabe (UMA); Union of the Arab Maghreb阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)安第斯共同市场Andean Common Market (ANCOM)安第斯共同体Andean Community安第斯条约组织Andean Pact Organization (APO); Pacto Andino (PA)《B》八国集团Group of Eight (G8)巴黎俱乐部Paris Club (Group of Ten)巴黎联盟(国际保护工业产权联盟)Paris Convention (International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property)巴黎统筹委员会(巴统)Coordinating Committee on Export Control (COCOM); Coordinating Committee for Export to Communist Countries北大西洋公约组织(北约)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)北大西洋合作理事会North Atlantic Cooperation Council北美自由贸易区North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA)北南核控制联合委员会North-South Nuclear Joint Committee北欧理事会Nordic Council北欧邮政联盟Nordic Postal Union (NPU)北太平洋海洋科学组织North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)伯尔尼(国际保护文学艺术作品)联盟Berne Union (for he Protection of Literary and Artistic Works)不结盟运动Non-Aligned Movement (NPU)《C》朝鲜半岛能源开发组织Korea Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO)船长协会国际联合会International Federation of Shipmasters' Association (IFSMA)促进种族平等公民协会Citizens' Association for Racial Equality《D》大陆架界限委员会Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf大气科学委员会Commission of Atmospheric Sciences (CAS)大气污染管制委员会Air Pollution Control Commission (APCC)大气污染控制管理局Air Pollution Control Administration (APCA)大赦国际Amnesty International大西洋自由贸易区Atlantic Free Trade Area (AFTA)第三世界科学院Academy of Sciences for the Third World东非共同体East African Community (EAC)东加勒比共同市场East Caribbean Common Market (ECCM)东加勒比组织Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States东盟各国议会组织ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Organization东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)东南非共同市场Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)东南亚国家联盟(东盟)Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)《F》发展工业产权和有关权利合作常设委员会Permanent Committee for Development Cooperation Related to Industrial Rights发展中国家间经济合作委员会Committee on Economic Cooperation Among Developing Countries发展著作权和邻接权利合作常设委员会Permanent Committee for Development Related to Copyright and Neighbouring Rights法语国家首脑会议Somet de la francophonie; Summit of Francophone Countries反对原子弹氢弹会议Conference Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs泛非电信联盟Pan African Telecommunication Union (PATU)泛非妇女组织Organization Panafricaine des Femmes (OPF); Pan-African Women's Organization (PAWO)防止空气污染协会国际联合会International Union of Air Pollution Prevention Association (IUAPPA)防止歧视和保护少数小组委员会Sub-committee on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities防止外层空间军备竞赛特设委员会Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space非殖民化委员会(24国委员会)Commission on Decolonisation (Committee of 24)非洲，加勒比和太平洋地区国家集团(非加太集团)Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries (ACP Group) 非洲经济共同体African Economic Community非洲人权和民族权委员会African Committee on Human and People's Right非洲统一组织(非统组织)Organization of African Unity (OAU)非洲邮政联盟African Postal Union (APU)扶轮社国际Rotary International《G》各国议会联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)国际奥林匹克委员会International Olympic Committee (IOC)国际版权协会International Copyright Society国际保护工业产权联盟(即巴黎联盟)International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Union)国际保护工业产权协会International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property (IAPIP)国际保护知识产权联合局United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI)国际保护自然资源联盟International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)国际笔会(国际诗人，剧作家，编辑，散文家和小说家协会)International PEN (International Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists and Novelists)国际标准化知识International Standardization Organization (ISO)国际标准协会International Standard Association (ISA)国际材料物理中心International Center for Materials Physics (ICMP)国际船东协会International Shipping Federation (ISP)国际船级社协会International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)国际纯粹和应用化学联盟International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)国际纯粹和应用生物物理学联盟International Union of Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB)国际大坝委员会International Commission on Large Dam (ICOLD)国际大学生体育联合会Federation Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU)国际地球科学信息网络集团Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)国际地球学联盟International Geographical Union (IGU)国际地震中心International Seismological Centre (ISC)国际地质大会International Geological Congress (IGC)国际地质科学联盟International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)国际冻土协会International Permafrost Association (IPA)国际独立油船东协会International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO)国际度量衡局International Bureau of Weight and Measurements (IBWM)国际儿童福利联合会International Union for Child Welfare (IUCW)国际法官联合会International Union of Judges国际法协会International Law Association国际法学家委员会International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)国际法学协会International Association of Legal Science (IALS)国际纺织学会International Textile Institute (ITI)国际辐射防护协会International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA)国际妇女同盟International Alliance of Women (IAW)国际妇女协会International Women Society国际港口协会International Association of Ports and Harbours (IAPH)国际公务员协会联合会Federation of International Civil Servants Associations (FICSA)国际公务员制度委员会International Civil Service Commission (ICSC)国际古生物协会International Palaeontological Association (IPA)国际雇主知识International Organization of Employers (IOE)国际广播协会International Association of Broadcasting (IAB)国际海道测量知识International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)国际海底管理局International Sea-Bed Authority国际海事卫星知识International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)国际海运联盟International Shipping Federation国际航标协会International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)国际航空科学理事会International Council of Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS)国际航空联合会Aeronautic International Federation (FAI)国际航空运输协会International Air Transport Association (IATA)国际航运会议常设协会Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC) 国际航运协会International Chamber of Shipping国际和平利用原子能会议International Conference on the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy国际和平学会International Peace Academy (IPA)国际核数据委员会International Nuclear Data Committee (INDC)国际红十字International Red Cross (IRC)国际环境法理事会International Council of Environmental Law国际环境事务研究所International Institute for Environmental Affairs国际计划生育联合会International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)国际建筑师协会International Union of Architects (IUA)国际救济联合会International Relief Union (IRU)国际军事体育理事会International Military Sports Council (IMSC)国际开发委员会Commission on International Development (CID)国际科学基金会International Foundation of Sciences (IFS)国际科学联盟理事会International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)国际空间研究委员会International Committee on Space Research (ICSR)国际空运协会International Air Transport Association (IATA)国际理论和应用力学联盟International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics国际理论物理中心International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)国际律师协会International Bar Association (IBA)国际毛纺知识International Wool Textile Organization (IWTO)国际民主妇女联合会Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF)国际难民知识International Refugee Organization (IRO)国际能源机构International Energy Agency (IEA)国际殴亚科学院International Academy for Europe and Asia (IAEA)国际清算银行Bank for International Settlements (BIS)国际人口问题科学研究联合会International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) 国际人权法院International Court of Human Rights国际人权联合会International Federation of Human Rights国际人与生物圈保护区网络International Man and Biosphere Reserve Network国际商会International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)国际商事仲裁协会International Commercial Arbitration Association国际商业仲裁会International Council for Commercial Arbitration国际生态学协会International Association for Ecology国际生物化学与分子生物学联盟International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)国际生物科学联合会International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS)国际圣经协会International Bible Society (IBS)国际世界语协会Universala Esperanto-Asocio; Universal Esperanto Association (UEA)国际数学联盟International Mathematical Union (IMU)国际水资源协会International Water Resources Association (IWRA)国际丝绸协会International Silk Association (ISA)国际体操联合会Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG); International Federation of Gymnastics国际天文学联合会International Astronomical Union (IAU)国际通讯卫星知识International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)国际投资银行International Investment Bank (IIB)国际土壤协会International Society of Soil Science (ISSS)国际细胞生物学联合会International Federation for Cell Biology (IFCB)国际心理科学联盟International Union of Psychological Science国际新闻工作者协会International Federation of Journalists国际信息和文献联合会International Federation for Information and document．tion国际刑法协会International Association of Penal Law (IAPL)国际刑警组织International Criminal Police Organization (INERPOL; ICPO)国际刑事学会International Association of Criminal Science国际宣教协会International Missionary Council (IMC)国际学生联合会International Union of Student (IUS)国际移民组织International Organization for Migration (IOM)国际遗传学联合会International Genetics Federation (IGF)国际译联International Federation of Translators国际音乐理事会International Music Council (IMC)国际应用心理学协会International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP)国际有线发行联盟International Alliance for Distribution by Cable国际宇航科学院International Academy of Astronautics (IAA)国际植物生理学家协会International Association for Plant Physiologists (IAPP)国际自动控制联合会International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC)国际自由工会联合会(自由工联)International confederation of Free Trade Union (ICFTU)国际足球联合会International Football Federation (FIFA)《H》海湾(阿拉伯国家)合作委员会Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf; Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 海洋研究科学委员会Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)海洋研究气象委员会Commission on Maritime Meteorology (CMM)海洋资源研究咨询委员会Advisory committee on Marine Resources Research和平利用外层空间委员会Committee of Peaceful Uses of Outer Space和平利用原子能国际会议咨询委员会Advisory Committee of the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy和平利用原子能委员会Committee on the Use of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes (CUAEPP)红十字与红月会国际联合会International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)环境问题科学委员会Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)环境与发展国际研究中心(环发中心) Centre for International Research of Environment and Development (CIRED) 环太平洋论坛Pacific Rim Forum (PRF)《J》基督教会联合会World Council of Churches (WCC)基督教女青年会Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA)基督教青年会Young men's Christian Association (YMCA)计划生育- 世界人口组织Planned Parenthood – World Population加勒比共同体和共同市场Caribbean community and Common Market (CARICOM)经济合作与发展组织(经合组织) organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)《K》孔塔多拉集团Contadora Group《L》拉丁美洲共同市场Latin America Common Market (LACM)拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器组织Organization for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean拉丁美洲货币同盟Latin American Monetary Union拉丁美洲经济体系Latin American Economic System (LAES)拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission of Latin America (ECLA)拉丁美洲发展金融机构协会Latin American Association of Development of Financing Institutions拉丁美洲能源组织Latin American Energy Organization (OLAE)拉丁美洲社会学会Association of Latin American Sociology (ALAS)拉丁美洲协调特别委员会Special Committee on Latin American Coordination拉丁美洲一体化协会Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)拉丁美洲自由贸易区Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA)拉丁美洲自由贸易市场Latin American Free Trade Market拉丁美洲自由贸易协会Latin American Free Trade Association联合国协会世界联合会World Federation of United Nations Associations (WFUNA)伦敦核供应国俱乐部London Suppliers' Club《M》马格理布联盟Union du Maghreb (UMA)美洲出口贸易促进中心Inter-American Export Promotion Centre美洲储蓄和贷款银行Inter-American Saving and Loans Banks美洲国家间人权委员会Inter-American Commission on Human Rights美洲国际组织Organization of American States (OAS)美洲经济及社会理事会Inter-American Economic and Social Council美洲开发银行Inter-America Development Bank美洲人权委员会Inter-America Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)《N》南北协调委员会North-South Coordinating committee南部非洲发展共同体Southern African Development Community (SADC)南部非洲关税同盟Southern African Customs Union (SACU)南方共同市场South Common Market南南会议South-South Conference南太平洋论坛South Pacific Forum (SPF)南亚区域合作联盟South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)《O》欧洲安全与合作组织(欧安组织，原欧洲安全与合作会议) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE, formerly known as Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe)欧洲裁军会议Conference on Disarmament in Europe (CDE)欧洲复兴开发银行European Bank of Reconstruction and Development欧洲经济合作组织Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)欧洲联盟(欧盟) European Union (EU)欧洲人权法院European Court of Human Rights欧洲人权委员会European Commission of Human Rights欧洲原子能委员会European Atomic Commission (EAC)欧洲原子能学会European Atomic Energy Society (EAES)欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Association (EFTA)《S》三边委员会(日美欧委员会) Trilateral Commission of Japan, North America and Europe (TC)社会党国际Socialist International石油输出国组织(欧佩克) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)世界残疾人组织理事会Council of World Organizations Interested in the Handicapped (CWOIH)世界动物保护联合会World Federation for the Protection of Animals世界佛教徒联谊会World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB)世界工会联合会(世界工联) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)世界海关组织World Customs Organization世界和平理事会World Peace Council (WPC)世界基督教联合会World Council of Churches (WCC)世界教师工会协进会World Federation of Teachers' Unions世界科学工作者联合会World Federation of Scientific Worker (WFSW)世界劳工联合会World Confederation of Labour (WCL)世界旅游组织World Tourism Organization (WTO)世界贸易组织World Trade Organization (WTO)世界穆斯林大会World Muslim Congress世界穆斯林联盟Muslim World League (MWL)世界青年大会World Assembly of Youth (WAY)世界人权大会World Conference on Human Rights世界野生动物基金会World Wildlife Fund (WWF)世界伊斯兰大会World Islamic Congress世界医学学会World Medical Association世界艺术与科学学会World Academy of Art and Science世界犹太人大会World Jewish Congress世界幼儿教育组织World Organization for Early Children's Education世界针灸学会联合会World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies世界自然保护联盟World Conservation Union世界宗教和平大会World Conference on Religion and Peace (WCRP)《T》太平洋经济合作理事会Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC)《X》西方七国首脑会议Seven-Nation Economic Summit; Group of Seven Summit (G7 Summit)西非国际经济共同体Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)西欧联盟Western European Union (WEU)《Y》亚大邮联Asian-Oceanic Postal Union (AOPU; UPAO)亚非法律协商委员会Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee (AALCC)亚非会议Asian-African Conference亚非拉人民团结组织Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America (OSPAALA)亚非人民团结组织Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization (AAPSO)亚非新闻工作者协会Afro-Asian Journalists' Association (AAJA)亚欧合作理事会Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation (CAEC)亚欧环境技术中心Asia-Europe Environmental Technology Center亚太安全合作理事会Council on Security Cooperation in Asia and Pacific Region (CSCAP)亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)亚太空间技术应用多边合作会议Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications (APC-MCSTA conference)亚太大洋洲邮政联盟Asian-Oceanic Postal Union (AOPU; UPAO)亚洲化学学会联合会Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS)亚洲环境问题协会Asian Environmental Society (AES)亚洲基督教会议Christian Conference of Asia (CCA)亚洲及太平洋和平与裁军区域中心Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Asia and the Pacific亚洲及太平洋理事会Asian and Pacific Council (ASPAC)亚洲开发银行Asian Development Bank (ADB)亚洲科学联合会Federation of Asian Scientific Academies and Societies亚洲青年理事会Asian Youth Council (AYC)亚洲生产力组织Asian Productivity Organization亚洲太平洋广播联盟Asian-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU)亚洲-太平洋通讯社组织Organization of Asia-Pacific News Agencies (OANA)亚洲-太平洋邮政联盟Asian-Pacific Postal Union亚洲遥感协会Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS)《Y》伊斯兰会议组织Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)伊斯兰教事务最高理事会Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs印度洋特设委员会Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean英联邦British Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth)《Z》中非国家经济共同体Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)中非国家联盟Union of Central African States (UEAC)中美洲共同市场Central American Common Market中美洲国家组织Organization of Central American States。

WhatIsProfessionalDevelopment职业发展是什么

What Is Professional Development in Early Childhood Education?NAEYC defines professional development as initial preparation (preservice) and learning experiences (inservice) designed to improve the knowledge, skills/behaviors, and attitudes/values of the early childhood workforce. To meet NAEYC’s mission of “assuring the provision of high-quality early childhood programs for young children,” it is necessary to have a highly competent workforce for the early childhood field. Professional development provides the path to achieving this goal.Professional development is required for the early childhood workforce. This diverse workforce includes center- and school-based early childhood program administrators, teaching staff, and family child care providers, and others.In addition to individuals who typically consider themselves to be early childhood professionals, the workforce also includes individuals who provide care for young children but do not necessarily consider themselves to be professionals. In order to provide high-quality early childhood programs for young children, everyone working with or on behalf of young children has an obligation to pursue ongoing professional development opportunities for themselves. Also, professional development providers have an obligation to ensure that all who provide care and education for young children are competent.Professional development in child development and early childhood education also should be provided for members of allied professions working in early childhood programs (e.g., nurses, bus drivers, cooks)—related to their role(s) and responsibilities.An effective process of professional development includes a number of criteria. Professional developmentexperiences are typically classifiedThe first is that professional development for the early childhood workforce uses an integrated systems approach—a “comprehensive system of preparation and ongoing development and support for all early childhood education professionals working with and on behalf of young children.”i Agencies and institutions overseeing a professional development system must ensure that early childhood educators know and understand the opportunities to prepare for a career in the field. Professional preparation includes general education as well as training specific to child development and the ages of children with whom they (will) work.The professional development of all early childhood educators—at all levels of expertise—should be an ongoing process: All professionals need to continue to update their knowledge and skills—through a coherent and systematic program of learning experiences.Professional development experiences must be evidence based; structured to promote linkages between research and practice; and responsive to each learner’s background, experiences, and the current context of his/her role. All professional as education and training.Education programs help learners to “…have a deep foundation of factual knowledge, understand facts and ideas in the context of a conceptual framework, and organize knowledge in ways that facilitate retrieval and application.”iv Education programs are broad based: They include learning experiences specific to a primary area of inquiry (e.g., child development, early childhood education) as well as subjects of general knowledge (e.g., mathematics, history, grammar). Education programs typically lead to an associate’s, baccalaureate, or graduate degree or other credit-based certification.Training programs are specific to an area of inquiry and set of skills related to an area of inquiry (e.g., a workshop series on positive discipline for preschoolers). Completion of training participation can lead to continuing education units (CEUs), clock hours, credentialing, and certification.development experiences should be basedon specific outcomes that define what the professional should know and be able to do for young children and families as a result of their preparation ii and continuing education and training. Continuous assessment, tied to these outcomes, must be a component of all education programs,iii and should be a component of all training programs, as well. Education and training programs can include face-to-face (FtF) instruction in a group setting, self-study, Web- or e-based learning, blended learning (e.g., a combination of FtF and Web-based seminars), observation by a coach or mentor with feedback to the learner, and other methodologies.Core knowledge areas (CKAs), a component of professional development programs in early childhood education, are defined by NAEYC as the “professional preparation standards.” The standards are designed for the early childhood education profession as a whole, to be relevant across a range of roles and settings. In university- and college-based professional preparation programs these core NAEYC standards are used across degree levels, from associate to baccalaureate to graduate programs. They are used in higher education accreditation systems, in state policy development, and in program improvement planning. In addition, professional development for administrators and teaching and support staff in programs serving young children should address NAEYC’s Early Childhood Program Standards.Effective professional development experiences include a variety of methodologies; the methodology selected must match the goal of the learning experiences (e.g., information dissemination, skill learning, values clarification).Professional development activities include community college and university courses; pre- and in-service training sessions—on-the-job or administered by an agency, organization, business, or institution of higher education; observation with feedback from a colleague; and mentoring, coaching, and other forms of job-related technical assistance.Professional development programs include the development and ongoing application and monitoring of individual professional development plans. Each learner should work with a supervisor/advisor to develop a professional development plan to support an early childhood career lattice system. The professional development plan should include credit-bearing course work whenever possible.Finally, professional development providers must have appropriate credentials, knowledge and experience in the subject matter being taught, and an understanding of the principles of adult learning. A system for verifying the qualifications of the providers must be in place.Early Childhood Program StandardsEnsuring the quality of children's daily experiences in early childhood programs and promoting positive child outcomes is the heart of the NAEYC EarlyChildhood Program Standards. Collectively, the ten standards representessential, interlocking elements of high-quality programs for all children from birth through kindergarten. And, "all children" means all; it includes children withdevelopmental delays and disabilities; children whose families are culturally and linguistically diverse; and children from diverse socio-economic groups. It alsorecognizes that all children have individual learning styles, strengths, and needs.Note, however, that the Early Childhood Program Standards are globalstatements that identify performance expectations for ten key components ofquality. As a stand-alone framework, the standards are broad. The accreditation criteria are evidence-based statements that define discrete expectations forprogram practice. These criteria are used by NAEYC’s Academy for EarlyChildhood Program Accreditation to recognize programs that have demonstrated the capacity to sustain quality over time. These criteria also provide guidance to all programs for quality improvement, regardless of whether a program intends to seek Accreditation.i LeMoine, S. 2008. Workforce Designs: A Policy Blueprint for State Early Childhood Professional Development Systems. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), 5.ii Hyson, M. ed. 2003. Preparing Early Childhood Professionals. Washington, DC: NAEYC, 7.iii Ibid.iv Adapted from National Research Council. 1999. How people learn: Bridging research and practice. Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice. Donovan, M.S., J.D. Bransford, & J.W. Pellegrino, eds. Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 12.。

工作英语版调查问卷模板

---Introduction:Dear [Employee Name],We hope this survey finds you well. We are committed to understanding your experiences and perspectives at [Company Name], and we believe that your feedback is crucial for our continuous improvement and success. This survey is designed to gather information on various aspects of your work environment, job satisfaction, and engagement. Your responses will be confidential and will be used to identify areas for enhancement and to celebrate our strengths.Section 1: General Information1. Employee ID:_______________2. Department:_______________3. Position:_______________4. Length of Employment at [Company Name]:- Less than 1 year- 1-3 years- 3-5 years- 5-10 years- More than 10 yearsSection 2: Work Environment5. How would you rate the overall work environment at [Company Name] ona scale of 1 to 5 (1 = Poor, 5 = Excellent)?_______________6. How satisfied are you with the physical work conditions (e.g., lighting, temperature, cleanliness)?- Very Satisfied- Satisfied- Neutral- Dissatisfied- Very Dissatisfied7. How often do you feel your workspace promotes creativity and innovation?- Always- Often- Sometimes- Rarely- NeverSection 3: Job Satisfaction8. On a scale of 1 to 5, how satisfied are you with your current job role?_______________9. How satisfied are you with the level of responsibility you have in your current position?- Very Satisfied- Satisfied- Neutral- Dissatisfied- Very Dissatisfied10. How would you rate your overall job satisfaction at [Company Name]?- Very Satisfied- Satisfied- Neutral- Dissatisfied- Very Dissatisfied11. What are the three most important factors contributing to your job satisfaction at [Company Name]?Section 4: Work-Life Balance12. How satisfied are you with the work-life balance provided by [Company Name]?- Very Satisfied- Satisfied- Neutral- Dissatisfied- Very Dissatisfied13. How would you rate the flexibility of your work schedule?- Very Flexible- Flexible- Neutral- Inflexible- Very Inflexible14. Do you have any concerns regarding the balance between work and personal life? If yes, please describe.Section 5: Management and Leadership15. On a scale of 1 to 5, how satisfied are you with the management at [Company Name]?_______________16. How would you rate the leadership style of your immediate supervisor?- Inspirational- Supportive- Neutral- Unresponsive- Uninspiring17. How often do you feel your supervisor recognizes and rewards your achievements?- Always- Often- Sometimes- Rarely- Never18. What are the strengths and areas for improvement in your current management and leadership experience?Section 6: Professional Development19. How satisfied are you with the opportunities for professional development and training at [Company Name]?- Very Satisfied- Satisfied- Neutral- Dissatisfied- Very Dissatisfied20. What specific types of training or development programs would you like to see offered by [Company Name]?21. How likely are you to recommend [Company Name] as a place to work toa friend or。

Unit4-Software Development解读

utility [ju:’tiliti]n.实用程序，公用程序 utility program实用程序，公用程序软件设计者使用专门的应用程序来创建新程序, 这种专门程序通常被称为实用程序或开发程序。
Unit 4 Software Development
7
A programmer uses another type of program called a text editor to write the new program in a special notation called a programming language. text editor文本编辑程序，文本编辑器 notation[nəʊ’teɪʃn] n.记号，符号，标记法程序员还使用另一种称为文本编辑器的程序来编写新程序，新程序是用称为程序设计语言的特殊符号来编写的。
Unit 4 Software Development 6
定语从句
Ⅱ. Program Development （程序开发） Software designers create new programs by using special applications, often called utility programs or development programs.
Unit 4 Software Development
2
For the instructions to be carried out, a computer must execute a program, that is, the computer reads a program, and then follows the steps encoded in the program in a precise order until completion. carry out执行；进行；完成 encode[ɪn'kəʊd] vt.（将文字材料）译成密码；编码，编制成计算机语言要使程序中的指令得到执行，计算机必须执行该程序，也就是说，计算机要读取该程序，然后按确切的顺序执行程序中编码的步骤，直至程序结束。

APQP与PPAP介绍

• 过程能力指数的评价标准
MSA Measurement System Analysis According to AIAG’s (QS9000) MSA Manual.
---测量系统分析
关于测量
• 测量：赋值给具体事物以表示它们之间关于特定特性的关系。赋值过程即为测量过程，而赋予的值定义测量值。
分析极差图和均值图
分别分析极差图和均值图,找出特殊原因变差数据。判断原理：超出控制限的点；连续七点全在中心线一侧；连续七点呈上升或下降趋势（含相等的相邻点）；明显的非随机图形；相对中心线，数据过于集中或过于分散。（一般情况，大约有2/3数据分布在中心线周围1/3控制限范围内
。）
过程能力与能力指数
O=Likelihood of Occurrence 频度 D=Likelihood of Detection 探测度
RPN 流程
项目/功能
潜在失效模式
来自经验和数据
DFMEA
严
潜在失效后果
重级度别
潜在失效的起因/机理
来自预测
频度
现行设计控制
探测度
RPN
O
D
S
项目/功能
潜在失效模式
• 量具：任何用来获得测量结果的装置，经常用来特指用在车间的装置，包括用来测量合格／不合格的装置。
• 测量系统：用来对被测特性赋值的操作、程序、量具、设备、软件以及操作人员的集合；用来获得测量结果的整个过程。
MSA方法的分类计量型
MSA 计数型
破坏型
计量型MSA 计量型
位置分析离散分析稳定性分析
课程大纲
• 第一章五大核心工具简介及关联性 • 第二章产品质量先期策划内容详解 • 第三章生产件批准内容详解 • 第四章相关的工具应用及案例分析

汽车行业缩写

汽车行业常用缩写AAR: Appearance Approval Report 外观批准报告A/D/V: Analysis/Development/Validation 分析/开发/验证A/D/V–DV: ADV Design Validation ADV设计验证A/D/V P&R: Analysis/Development/Validation Plan and Report. This form is used to summarize the plan and results for validation testing. Additional information can be found in the GP-11 procedure.分析/开发/验证计划和报告A/D/V–PV: ADV Product Validation ADV产品验证AIAG: Automotive Industries Action Group, an organization formed by General Motors, Ford andDaimler-Chrysler to develop common standards and expectations for automotive suppliers. 汽车工业行动集团AP: Advance Purchasing 先期采购APQP: Advanced Product Quality Planning 产品质量先期策划APQP Project Plan: A one-page summary of the SGM APQP process that describes the tasks and the timeframe in which they occur. APQP项目策划AQC:Attribute Quality Characteristic 属性质量特性ASQE: Advanced Supplier Quality Engineer 先期供应商质量工程师BIW: Body in White. Usually the bare metal shell of the body including doors and deck lid prior to paint and trim. 白车身BOM: Bill of Materials 材料清单BOP:Bill of Process 过程清单Brownfield Site: An expansion of an existing facility. 扩建场地CMM: Coordinate Measuring Machine 三坐标测试仪Cpk: Capability Index for a stabile process 过程能力指数CTC: Component Timing Chart (DRE document) 零部件时间表(DRE文件)CTS: Component Technical Specifications 零部件技术规范CVER: Concept Vehicle Engineering Release 概念车工程发布DC: Design Complete 设计完成Defect outflow detection: A phrase used in the Supplier Quality Statement of Requirements that refers to in-process or subsequent inspection used to detect defects in parts. 缺陷检测DFM/DFA: Design for Manufacturability / Design for Assembly 可制造性/可装配性设计DFMEA: Design Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. It is used to identify the potential failure modes of a part, associated with the design, and establish a priority system for design improvements. 设计失效模式和后果分析DPV: Defects per vehicle 每辆车缺陷数DR: Documentation Required DR特性DRE: Design Release Engineer 设计释放工程师DV: Design Validation 设计验证E&APSP: Engineering & Advance Purchasing Sourcing Process. 工程&先期采购定点程序EP: E-Procurement 电子采购流程Error Occurrence Prevention: A phrase used in the Supplier Quality Statement of Requirements that refers to poke yoke or error-proofing devices used to prevent errors in the manufacturing process from occurring. 防错FTQ: First Time Quality 一次通过质量GA: General Assembly 总装GD&T: Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing 几何尺寸与公差SGM: Shanghai General Motors 上海通用汽车GMAP: General Motors Asian Pacific 通用汽车亚太GME: General Motors Europe 通用汽车欧洲GMNA: General Motors North American 通用汽车北美GP: General Procedure 通用程序GPDS: Global Product Description System 全球产品描述系统GPS: Global Purchasing System 全球采购系统GPSC: Global Purchasing & Supplier Chain 全球采购及供应链GR&R: Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility 检具重复性及再现性Greenfield Site: A new supplier facility that is built to support a program.GVDP: Global Vehicle Development Process 全球整车开发流程IPTV: Incidents per Thousand Vehicles 每千辆车故障IVER: Integration Vehicle Engineering Release 集成车工程发布KCC: Key Control Characteristics. It is a process characteristic where variation can affect the final part and/or the performance of the part. 关键控制特性KCDS: Key Characteristic Designation System 关键特性指示系统Kick-Off Meeting: The first APQP supplier program review. 启动会议(第一次APQP供应商项目评审) KPC: Key Product Characteristic. It is a product characteristic for which reasonably anticipated variation could significantly affect safety, compliance to governmental regulations, or customer satisfaction. 关键产品特性LAAM: (General Motors) Latin American, Africa & Meddle East (通用汽车)拉丁美洲、非洲及中东LCR: Lean Capacity Rate. It is the GM daily capacity requirement. 正常生产能力MCR: Maximum Capacity Rate. It is the GM maximum capacity requirement. 最大生产能力MOP: Make or Purchase 制造/采购MPC: Material Production Control 物料生产控制MPCE: Material Production Control Europe 欧洲物料生产控制MRD: Material Required Date; date material must be delivered in order to allow a build event to begin. 物料需求日期MSA: Measurement Systems Analysis 测量系统分析MVBns: Manufacturing Validation Build non-saleable 非销售车制造验证MVBs: Manufacturing Validation Build saleable 销售车制造验证NBH: New Business Hold 停止新业务Notice of Decision 决议通知OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer 主机客户PAD: Production Assembly Documents 生产装配文件PC&L: Production Control & Logistics 生产控制&物流PDT: Product Development Team 产品开发小组PFMEA: Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. It is used to identify potential failure modes associated with the manufacturing and assembly process. 过程失效模式和后果分析PPAP: Production Part Approval Process 生产件批准程序Ppk: Performance index for a stable process 过程能力指数PPM: 1) Program Purchasing Manager, 2) Parts per Million (rejects and returns to suppliers) 1)项目经理2)每百万件的产品缺陷数PPV: Product & Process Validation 产品及过程验证PQC: Product Quality Characteristic 产品质量特性PR/R: Problem Reporting & Resolution 问题报告及解决PSA: Potential Supplier Assessment, a subset of the Quality System Assessment (QSA) 潜在供应商评审PV: Product Validation 产品验证QSA: Quality System Assessment 质量体系评审QSB: Quality Systems Basics 质量体系基础QTC: Quoted Tool Capacity 工装报价能力RASIC: Responsible, Approve, Support, Inform, Consult 负责、批准、支持、通知、讨论R@R: Run at Rate 按节拍生产RFQ: Request For Quotation 报价要求RPN: Risk Priority Number related to FMEA development 风险顺序数RPN Reduction Plan: An action plan that describes what is being done to reduce the risk priority number for items listed in the DFMEA or PFMEA.降低RPN值计划SDE: Supplier Development Engineer 供应商开发工程师SFMEA: System Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 系统失效模式分析SMT: System Management Team 系统管理小组SOA: Start of Acceleration 加速开始SORP: Start of Regular Production 正式生产SOR: Statement of Requirements 要求声明SPC: Statistical Process Control 统计过程控制SPO: (General Motors) Service and Parts Operations (通用汽车)零件与服务分部SQ: Supplier Quality 供应商质量SQE: Supplier Quality Engineer 供应商质量工程师SQIP: Supplier Quality Improvement Process 供应商质量改进过程SSF: Start of System Fill 系统填充开始SSTS: Sub-system Technical Specifications 子系统技术规范Sub-Assembly/ Sub-System: An assembly of sub-components delivered to the SGM main production line for installation to the vehicle as a single unit.Subcontractor: The supplier of a sub-component to a Complex System/Subassembly supplier (Tier 2, 3, etc). 分供方SVE: Sub-System Validation Engineer 子系统验证工程师SVER: Structure Vehicle Engineering Release. 结构车工程发布Team Feasibility Commitment: An AIAG APQP form that is provided with the Request for Quotation. It is the supplier’s concerns with the feasibility of manufacturing the part as specified.小组可行性承诺TKO: Tooling Kick-Off 模具启动会议UG: Unigraphics UG工程绘图造型系统VLE: Vehicle Line Executive 车辆平台负责人VTC: Validation Testing Complete 验证试验完成EWO: Engineering Work Order 工程工作指令。

Supplier Program Development-BV section-Rev1

Bureau Veritas - 2016
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WGS’s Requirement of Cancellation/Rescheduling
► Cancellation/ rescheduling of inspection applied 2 working days before the
original inspection date will not be charged by 3PS. Any Inspection booking communication (via email) received after 5pm (local time) will be considered and processed on the following working day
e.g. Inspection is scheduled on a Wednesday, cancellation can be made on/or before Monday 5pm in the same week, later than that, late cancellation fee will be charged by 3rd party
© - Copyright 2015 Bureau Veritas – All rights reserved
Bureau Veritas - 2016
8
WGS’s Requirement - Inspection Material Preparation
© - Copyright 2015 Bureau Veritas – All rights reserved
Required inspection reference material - Test report and TOP approvals are not

发展的英文单词

发展的英文单词.发展是事物从出生开始的一个进步变化的过程，是事物的不断更新。

是指一种连续不断的变化过程。

既有量的变化，又有质的变化;有正向的变化，也有负向变化。

那么，你知道发展的英语单词怎么说吗?发展的英文释义：developmentgrowthto developto growto expandmove发展的英文例句：中国是一个发展中国家。

China is a developing country.这些发展促使家用电脑的需求量增大。

These developments have created a great demand for home computers.经济制裁不能阻碍那个国家的发展。

The economic sanctions could not prevent the development of that country.在他的管理下，公司发展得很快。

The company developed rapidly under his administration.解放后，我国的宇航事业取得了巨大的发展。

The aerospace industry in our country has developed greatly after liberation.为长期发展而牺牲短期利润是公司的方针。

It's the company's policy to sacrifice short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth.不同的发展阶段需要不同的发展战略目标和发展方式。

Different development phases need different strategic goals and development modes.本文阐述了金融学科发展取决于金融业的发展和变化;This paper is a discussion of the prospects of the financial discipline."潜临床"如果放任这种失调持续发展，可进入"潜临床"状态，此时潜伏着向疾病发展的高度可能。

学习之星培优计划英语答案

学习之星培优计划英语答案The Learning Star Talent Development Plan is an educational program designed to provide personalized and comprehensive support and resources to students who have demonstrated exceptional academic ability and potential. The program aims to foster the holistic development of these young talents, helping them to excel academically, develop critical thinking skills, and become well-rounded individuals who are capable of making positive contributions to society.The Learning Star Talent Development Plan offers a range of services and opportunities to help students reach their full potential, including gifted education, enrichment programs, mentorship, and academic competitions. Through these resources and support, students are able to pursue their passions and interests, receive individualized instruction, and develop their talents in a nurturing and intellectually stimulating environment.One of the key components of the Learning Star Talent Development Plan is its gifted education program. This program provides students with advanced and challenging coursework designed to stimulate their intellectual curiosity and creativity. Through a combination of accelerated learning, critical thinking exercises, and independent study, students are able to explore their interests in greater depth and develop a deeper understanding of complex concepts and ideas. The program also emphasizes the development of important skills such as research, problem-solving, and communication, all of which are crucial for success in the academic and professional realms.In addition to the gifted education program, the Learning Star Talent Development Plan also offers a wide range of enrichment programs to help students explore their passions and interests outside of the classroom. These programs include diverse activities such as music, art, drama, and sports, providing students with opportunities to develop their talents in various areas. By participating in these enrichment programs, students are able to cultivate their creativity, improve their teamwork and leadership skills, and develop a well-rounded set of talents that will serve them well in the future.Another important aspect of the Learning Star Talent Development Plan is its mentorship program. Through this program, students are paired with experienced educators and professionals who can offer guidance, support, and advice as they navigate their academic and personal development. Mentors provide students with valuable insights, encouragement, and feedback, helping them to set goals, develop plans, and overcome challenges. The mentorship program also offers students opportunities to engage in meaningful discussions, gain exposure to new ideas and perspectives, and learn from the experiences of others.Furthermore, the Learning Star Talent Development Plan provides students with opportunities to participate in academic competitions and contests that allow them to showcase their knowledge and skills. Competitions such as science fairs, math Olympiads, debate tournaments, and poetry slams provide students with platforms to demonstratetheir abilities, receive recognition for their accomplishments, and learn from their peers. By participating in these competitions, students are able to develop resilience, confidence, and a drive to continuously improve themselves.Overall, the Learning Star Talent Development Plan is designed to provide students with the support and resources they need to thrive academically and personally. By offering a comprehensive set of services and opportunities, the program aims to nurture the talents of exceptional students, helping them to become well-rounded individuals who are capable of making positive contributions to their communities and the world.Sample AnswersQuestion 1: How does the Learning Star Talent Development Plan support the academic development of talented students?The Learning Star Talent Development Plan supports the academic development of talented students through a range of specialized services and resources designed to challenge, engage, and inspire them. The program offers a gifted education program that provides advanced and challenging coursework, opportunities for independent study, and critical thinking exercises, helping students to develop a deeper understanding of complex concepts and ideas. Moreover, the program offers a wide range of enrichment programs that allow students to explore their passions and interests outside of the classroom, promoting the development of creativity, teamwork, and leadership skills. Furthermore, through its mentorship program, students receive guidance, support, and advice from experienced educators and professionals, helping them to set goals, develop plans, and overcome challenges.Question 2: How does the Learning Star Talent Development Plan help students develop critical thinking skills and other important competencies?The Learning Star Talent Development Plan helps students develop critical thinking skills and other important competencies by providing them with a well-rounded and comprehensive set of resources and opportunities. Through its gifted education program, students engage in accelerated learning, independent study, and critical thinking exercises, allowing them to explore their interests in greater depth and develop a deeper understanding of complex concepts and ideas. Additionally, the program offers a wide range of enrichment programs, such as music, art, drama, and sports, which help students to cultivate their creativity, improve their teamwork and leadership skills, and develop a well-rounded set of talents. The program also offers mentorship opportunities, allowing students to receive guidance, support, and advice from experienced educators and professionals, helping them to develop important skills such as research, problem-solving, and communication.Question 3: How does the Learning Star Talent Development Plan foster the holistic development of young talents?The Learning Star Talent Development Plan fosters the holistic development of young talents by providing them with a diverse and comprehensive set of resources and opportunities designed to support their academic and personal growth. The program offers a gifted education program that challenges and engages students academically, helping them to develop a deeper understanding of complex concepts and ideas. Additionally, the program offers enrichment programs that allow students to explore their passions and interests outside of the classroom, promoting the development of creativity, teamwork, and leadership skills. Moreover, through its mentorship program, students receive guidance, support, and advice from experienced educators and professionals, helping them to navigate their academic and personal development and gain exposure to new ideas and perspectives.Question 4: How do the academic competitions and contests offered by the Learning Star Talent Development Plan benefit talented students?The academic competitions and contests offered by the Learning Star Talent Development Plan benefit talented students by providing them with platforms to demonstrate their knowledge and skills, receive recognition for their accomplishments, and learn from their peers. Competitions such as science fairs, math Olympiads, debate tournaments, and poetry slams allow students to showcase their abilities, improve their resilience and confidence, and develop a drive to continuously improve themselves. Furthermore, by participating in these competitions, students gain valuable experiences, insights, and feedback that can help them to further develop their talents and pursue their academic and personal goals.In conclusion, the Learning Star Talent Development Plan is an integral and comprehensive program designed to support the academic and personal growth of talented students. Through its gifted education program, enrichment programs, mentorship opportunities, and academic competitions, the program provides students with a range of resources and support that foster their holistic development, helping them to reach their full potential and make meaningful contributions to their communities and the world.。

某公司新员工培训管理手册英文版

Practical operation training
By simulating actual work scenarios, conducting practical operations and team collaboration training, we aim to cultivate the practical skills and teamwork spirit of new employees.
03
Training methods and approaches
Use of online learning management systems (LMS) to provide courses, videos, and materials for self-study
E-learning Platforms
Job related training
The training should be closely aligned with the job requirements and responsibilities of the new employees
Flexibility
The training program should be flexible, allowing for individong new employees
The company lies in a continuous learning approach, providing opportunities for employees to develop their skills and knowledge through their employment
Blending different methods resources active participation and enhancement retention of information

development的用法

development的用法1. "Development 可以作名词用呢，比如说，城市的快速发展真让人惊叹！就像我们的生活，每天都有新变化。

"2. "Hey，你知道吗？Development 还能表示进展，就像一场比赛，我们都在期待着最终的 development！比如项目的进展顺利得超乎想象。

"3. "Development 也可以用来描述个人的成长呀！你想想，从懵懂小孩到成熟大人，这就是一个巨大的 development，不是吗？就像我从啥都不懂到现在能给你讲这些。

"4. "哇塞，一个公司的 development 可是至关重要的呢！就如同航行的船只，需要不断前进。

比如公司业务不断拓展，规模越来越大。

"5. "Development 有时候就像一束光，照亮我们前进的道路呀！比如科技的 development 让我们的生活变得如此便利。

"6. "嘿呀，国家的 development 那可是大家共同努力的结果哟！就像建造一座大厦，一砖一瓦都很重要。

比如我们国家日益强大，这就是了不起的 development。

"7. "Development 在很多情况下意味着进步呢！这多让人兴奋啊！比如学习上的每一点小进步都是 development。

"8. "哎呀，心灵的 development 也不容忽视呀！就像培育花朵，需要精心呵护。

比如经历一些事情后，内心变得更强大。

"9. "社会的 development 是大家有目共睹的呀！这多神奇！比如各种福利制度的完善，不就是很好的 development 吗？"10. "个人技能的 development 会让自己更有自信呢！就像拥有了秘密武器。

比如学会了新的语言，这就是技能上的 development。

发展的英语名词

发展的英语名词发展是一个广泛的概念，它涉及到经济、社会、文化、科技等多个领域。

在英语中，有很多与发展相关的名词，这些名词反映了人们对于发展的不同理解和关注点。

本文将介绍一些常见的发展英语名词，以帮助读者更好地理解发展的含义和内涵。

1. DevelopmentDevelopment是最基本的发展英语名词，它指的是一个事物从简单到复杂、从低级到高级的过程。

在经济学中，development通常指的是一个国家或地区的经济增长和现代化的进程。

在社会学中，development则更多地强调人类的自我实现和幸福感的提高。

2. ProgressProgress是指一个事物向着更好的方向发展的过程。

它强调的是事物的改善和进步。

在经济学中，progress通常指的是经济效率和生产力的提高。

在社会学中，progress则更多地强调社会公正和人权的实现。

3. GrowthGrowth是指一个事物的数量和规模的增加。

在经济学中，growth 通常指的是国民生产总值（GDP）和就业人口的增加。

在生物学中，growth则指的是生物体的体积和质量的增加。

4. ExpansionExpansion是指一个事物的范围和影响力的扩大。

在经济学中，expansion通常指的是企业和市场的扩张。

在政治学中，expansion则指的是国家和政治势力的扩张。

5. AdvancementAdvancement是指一个事物的水平和能力的提高。

在科技领域中，advancement通常指的是技术的进步和创新。

在教育领域中，advancement则指的是知识和技能的提高和传播。

6. ModernizationModernization是指一个事物从传统到现代的转变。

在经济学中，modernization通常指的是一个国家或地区的经济结构和生产方式的现代化。

在社会学中，modernization则更多地强调文化和价值观的现代化。

7. GlobalizationGlobalization是指世界范围内的交流、互动和一体化。

商务英语专业职业发展规划书

Online Courses
Platforms like Coursera, edX, and Udemi offer courses on business English, international business, and related fields These courses are considered and provide learners with certificates of completion
Networking
Gaining practical experience through volunteer work or internships can enhance one's resume and demonstrate commitment
Volunteer Work
Investing in professional development courses or certifications can enhance skills and increase marketability
Professional Development
Creating a portfolio of work samples or translations can demonstrate professionalism and showcase abilities to potential employees
Career Development Plan for Business English Major
汇报人：XXX
202X-XX-XX
Overview of Business English MajorsCareer Development Plan for Business English MajorsCareer Development Path for Business English Majors

Program Development

Overall Management of ProgramDevelopment ActivitiesPoint Of FocusManagement of Program Development activities should include the following:•A formal System Development Methodology (SDM) should exist.•A detailed project plan should be developed and used for all aspects of the system development life cycle.•Deliverables for each stage of the project should be defined and agreed upon between the user sponsor and IT.•Management review and sign off appropriate reports on the ongoing status of the project.•Standards should indicate how certain tasks are completed and who has ultimate responsibility for the project.•What sorts of tools are utilized to manage and control these activities.Potential Controls•Formally approved comprehensive SDLC methodology/process communicated by senior management•Baseline project plans are required •SDLC contains well-defined standards for other project deliverables•Periodic reporting on project status is required•A process is in place to ensure compliance with SDLCPotential Testing•Examine SDM and inquire of management and application development personnel to determine formality with which it is applied.•Support conclusions about the completeness of the SDLC with actual observations during testing of the other phases (i.e., actual existence of required deliverables for key projects tested).•Examine evidence that management receives and reviews periodic reports on project status.•Examine evidence of quality assurance activities designed to ensure adherence to SDLC standards.Project InitiationPoint Of FocusManagement should ensure that each development projecthas clear business objectives that consider the following:•Does the project have clear business objectives andwell-defined scope and boundaries?•Has a comprehensive feasibility analysis been done at theinitiation of the project?•Is there a clear sponsor/owner for the project at seniormanagement level?•Does the project team have sufficient relevant business andtechnical expertise to effectively complete the projectaccording to specifications?Potential Controls•Feasibility analysis is required for all development projects•All projects must have a business sponsor•Approval of business sponsor and IT is required tocommence work on a project•Roles and responsibilities are clearly defined andcommunicated in a formal project plan, charter, etc.Potential Testing•Examine the formal SDM to determine whether it requiresthat a comprehensive feasibility analysis be conducted•Obtain evidence that feasibility studies exist•Examine evidence and inquire of user management todetermine if there is a clear sponsor/owner at the seniormanagement level•Examine the formal SDLC methodology to determinewhether it clearly defines roles and responsibilities ofusers and ITpersonnelAnalysis & DesignPOFRequirements, including business functionality, performancerequirements, security design and internal controls should bedefined. Stakeholders, including senior management, usersand IT staff, should be identified. In addition, the followingshould be considered:*Business specifications required for system design, basedon user requirements*Technical specifications of the environment in which thesystem will operate including interfaces with other systems•Detailed program specifications•Process and data modeling•Formal user management sign-offPotential ControlsThe SDLC requires definition of business and technicalspecifications, including:•Business functionality requirements•Internal control requirements•Security requirements•Capacity and performance requirements•System interfaces and dependencies•Requirements documentation must be approved by IT andusers.Potential Testing•Examine evidence that requirements have been defined inaccordance with the SDLC for a sample of projects. Assessfor reasonableness, considering the points on the previousslide.•Observe evidence that user management has approved therequirements.ConstructionPoint Of FocusThe goal of the Construction phase is to take the output of theanalysis and design phase, and create a working system.•Are standard coding methodologies followed?•Dependencies between integrated applications are identifiedand considered.•For packaged systems, how was the software packageselected? Is customization required?Potential Controls•Programming standards exist and are effectivelycommunicated to all programming staff.•Programming standards require consistent documentationwithin program code to facilitate independent reviews andfuture maintenance.•Package selection procedures exist.•Package selection procedures require clear documentationof how packages selected fulfil requirements defined in theAnalysis & Design phase.Potential Testing•Examine evidence that formal programming standards exist.•Inquire of management and development staff to determinethe level of adherence to programming standards.•Observe evidence of source code documentation for asample of programs.•Examine documented package selection procedures.•Examine evidence that procedures were followed for asample of projects that involved package selections.Testing & QAPOFSeparate environments should be maintained fordevelopment, test and production.Testing throughout the Program Development phase iscritical to ensuring a successful Program Developmenteffort. Specifically testing should include:•Unit Testing•System Testing•Integration Testing•User Acceptance Testing (UAT)•Testing should ensure that the system delivered achievesthe necessary business and internal control requirementsdefined in the Analysis and Design phase.•What ensures that programs are not modified aftertesting and before the system is run in production?Potential Controls•Logical segregation between development, test andproduction’environments. Management periodicallyperforms a recertification process to validate that accessbetween the environments is appropriately segregated.•Transfer of code to the secured testing environment fromthe development environment be performed by a functionindependent of programming.•Version control is enforced either procedurally or throughthe use of change management software, or both.•Testing be conducted in a separate, independentlycontrolled environment•Formal test plan standards exist to ensure consistencyand adequacy of testing procedures.•User and programming management perform anindependent review of the system and test results andofficially acknowledge acceptance of the new system inwriting.Potential Testing•Inquire of management regarding the segregation ofdevelopment, test and production environments.•Observe evidence that a formal process is in place formoving code between the development and testenvironment.•Observe evidence that management periodicallyre-certifies the segregation of duties betweenenvironments.•Examine test plans for a sample of projects.•Examine evidence of user and IT managementacceptance of test results for a sample of projects.General ComputerControls-Program DevelopementData Conversion Point Of FocusWhen data is being converted, integrated, or migrated from one system to another, it is critical that:•Any data conversion necessary to accommodate new data model is performed•Data fields are properly mapped from the legacy system to the legacy system(s) to the target systemData quality is carefully considered for key fields in terms of:•Accuracy •Integrity •Consistency •Accessibility •Existence•Critical system interfaces should be modified to accept the new data model.Potential Controls•A data conversion methodology exists.•Data must be formally mapped from legacy systems to target systems.•A formal process exists to ensure data quality for key fields.•Impact on system interfaces must be considered.•Exception-handling routines are defined and evidence of resolution is maintained.*User designed tests to ensure completeness and accuracy of conversion (e.g., key reports, balancing)Potential Testing•Review the conversion document for completeness •Examine that formal mapping procedures were used to identify each data field converted.•Review the data clean-up policy•Examine that all system-related and user documentation was completed computer operations personnel and users.•Determine if there is a reasonable "backout plan" to continue operations in the event there are significant unexpected problems when the system is in production. •For major system conversions, evidence that data conversion documentation exists such as conversion strategy, mapping documents, data assessment,cleansing plans, conversion test plans and reconciliation plans.•Inquire of the status of critical system interfaces anddetermine their impact on the conversion.GoLive Point Of FocusOnce the testing phase is considered complete, the decision to “go live” is made by management. “Go Live” includes the following activities:•Formal implementation approval by Project Sponsor/Owner, User management and IT management •Communication to all stakeholders•Definition of back-out strategies and escalation procedures Initiation of post-implementation activities Potential Controls•The SDLC requires formal approval from multiple stakeholders prior to implementation in production.•Formal documentation exists to facilitate the “go live” decision.•Formal communication to all stakeholders is required before production implementation.•Back-out procedures are required for all implementations.•Post-implementation reviews are required for all projects.Potential Testing•Examine documented approvals for a sample of implemented systems.•Examine “go live” documentation for a sample of projects.•Examine evidence of formal communication stakeholders prior to production implementation.•Examine documented back-out procedures for a sample of projects.•Examine post-implementation reviews for a sample of projects.Documentation and Training6210 JA #3 4。

联合国英语词汇

联合国英语词汇Font Size: Large | Medium | SmallInternational Court of Justice 国际法院Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Secretariat 秘书处Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室Office of Legal Affairs 法务局Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 证治安全局Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局Office of Public Information 公共资料处Department of Conference Services 会议局Office of General Services 总务处United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 联合国贸易开发事物局Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所International Law Commission 国际法委员会United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law国际贸易法委员会Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination,ECPC 扩大计划调整委员会Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会Statistical Commission 统计委员会Population Commission 人口委员会Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会Committee on Housing, Building and Planning住宅建筑企划委员会Committee for Development Planning开发计划委员会Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议Trade and Development Board,TDB 联合国开发委员会United Nations Development Program,UNDP 联合国开发计划处United Nation Children's Fund,UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations Industrial Development Organization,UNIDO 联合国工业开发组织United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Institute for Training and Research,UNITR 联合国调查训练研究所United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 联合国FAO 世界粮食计划国际委员会International Narcotics Control Board,INCB国际麻醉药管制委员会Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会International Labor Organization,ILO国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮食农业组织United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization,UNESCO联合国教育科学文化组织International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO国际民间航空组织World Health Organization,WHO世界卫生组织International Telecommunications Union,ITU国际电信同盟World Meteorological Organization,WMO世界气象组织Universal Postal Union,UPU万国邮政联盟International Maritime Consultative Organzation,IMCO国际海事协议组织International Finance Corporation,IFC国际金融组织International Monetary Fund,IMF国际货币基金会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD 世界银行International Development Association,IDA 国际开发协会General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA 国际原子能组织World Federation of Trade Unions,WFTU 世界劳工组织International Confederation of Free Trade Unions,ICFTU 国际自由劳工联盟International Chamber of Commerce,ICC 国际工农商会International Federation of Agricultural Producers,IFAC 国际农业生产联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union,IPU 诸国会议同盟International Organization of Employers,IOE 国际雇佣者组织World Veterans Federation,WVF 世界退伍军人联盟International Union of Local Authorities,IULA 世界地方自治联盟United Towns Organization,UTO 姊妹市团体联盟。

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