2013年最新外研版八年级上Module4 Planes, ships and trains

Unit1
基础知识归纳
1.I was late for school today.今天我上学迟到了。

be late for意思是：迟到，晚了。

如：
Yesterday I was late for work.=I went to work late yesterday.昨天我上班迟到了。

2.But nobody was late, except me.但是除了我之外没人迟到。

except用于表示同类事物之间的关系，其意为：除......之外，除去
（1）expect后面可接名词、代词、动词、副词、介词短语和从句等。

如：We have an English lesson every day expect Sunday.
除星期天之外，我们每天都有一节英语课。

They all went to the park last Sunday except him.
除了他之外，上星期天他们都去公园了。

（2）except常用在all, whole, any, every, no等词，及anything, anybody, anyone, everything, everybody, everyone等不定代词之后。

如：
She ate everything on the plate expect the carrot.除胡萝卜外她把盘子里的东西都吃了。

注意：expect for用于表示理由或细节，修正前面说的情况，表示：除了......以外。

如：Mr Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper.
史密斯先生除了脾气不好外，是个好人。

The movie was good expect for the ending.这部电影除了结尾之外都很好。

3.Don’t worry. I’ll be careful.不要担心，我会小心的。

be careful是一般的警告或劝告用语，可用于各种情况。

可单独使用，也可跟动词不定式或of/with短语。

如：
Be careful not to lose the key.当心不要丢了钥匙。

You’d better be careful with your handwriting.你最好书写认真些。

4.How does Tony go to school?托尼怎么去上学？
（1）本句是how引导的特殊疑问句，how怎么，怎样，常对方式进行提问
（2）go to school意为去上学，school前不加任何冠词。

5.He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.他住的离学校最远，所以他坐地铁。

farthest是far的最高级形式。

注意;far away from和far from在意义上基本相同，表示：远离（某地、某人等）。

如：
The factory is far (away) from his home.工厂离他家很远。

辨析：farthest与furthest
两者都是far的最高级形式，其区别在于：farthest表示距离上的最远，此时等同于furthest，但furthest还可表示抽象意义上的最大程度地，而farthest不能这样用。

6.Her home is the closest to school, so she walks.她家离学校最近，所以她步行去上学。

So she walks可以改写成so she goes to school on foot。

walk to=go to...on foot意为：步行去......
拓展：ride to=go to...by bike/on a bike
fly to=go to...by plane/air/on a plane
drive to=go to...by car/in a car
方法规律总结
辨析：sometimes, some times, sometime与some time
1.sometimes意为：有时，相当于at times。

2.some times意为：几次
3.sometime意为：在某时，多只在将来或过去的某一时刻。

4.some time意为：一段时间，也可表示sometime的含义。

经典例题剖析
例1.-Where do you often exercise?
-I often exercise in a park. It’s close to my house.（选出与画线部分意思相同的词或短语）
A.next to
B.near
C.behind
D.in front of
解析：be close to意为：离......近，与near意思相同，故选B
例2.同义句转换
I usually go to school on foot.
I usually school.
解析：固定搭配go to...on foot=walk to.
基础知识集训
英汉互译
1.迟到
2.坐出租车上学
3.最舒服的方式
4.be careful
5.这么多车辆
6.most of my classmates
7.住得离......最远
8.take the underground
9.离......近
10.ride your bike to school
根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1.Sometimes the train is m expensive than a taxi.
2.It’s the best w to get to school.
3.There are so many people on the bus; it’s too .
4.It’s the best way to r your bike to school.
5.He usually goes to school by （地铁）.
6.Who’s the m popular student in your class?
7.Everyone went to the park to have a picnic e Tom and Lucy.
8.Which is the （最现代的）way to travel?
9.I live f from school, so I go to school by bus.
10.There’re 60 （分钟）in an hour.
综合知识集训
按要求改写句子，每空一词
1.He usually walks home after school.（改为同义句）
He usually after school.
2.How do you go to Shanghai, by ship or plane?（改为同义句）
How do you go to Shanghai, by or by ?
3.It takes two days to get to Shenzhen.（对划线提问）
it to get to Shenzhen?
4.To get from Beijing to Shanghai by train is the most popular way.
is the most popular way to get from Beijing to Shanghai?
5.Over sixty passengers are at the airport.（对划线提问）
passengers are at the airport?
Unit2
基础知识归纳
1.What is the best way to travel?
the best way to do sth做某事的最好方式。

当way表示方式、方法时，一般用the way to do sth或the way of doing sth.结构。

It is the best way to learn English.=It is the best way of learning English.
2.The more information, the better.信息越多越好。

the+比较级..., the+比较级...意思为：越......就越.....
The more we do for the people, the gappier we’ll be.我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。

3....but a lot more expensive.......但是会贵很多。

a lot more expensive意思为;贵很多。

副词或形容词的比较级，通常可被much, far, a lot, still, even等副词修饰。

如;
You must be much/far/a lot more careful next time.下次你要更加小心才是
4.Book your ticket before you book your hotel. 预订酒店之前先把票订好。

book用作动词，意为预订，可以用作及物动词或不及物动词。

Book a ticket to London, please.请订一张去伦敦的票。

5.And it takes you about twelve hours to get there. However, it will not cost as much as going by train.花费你大约12小时到达那里。

然而，不会像坐火车那样花费你那么多钱。

（1）It takes sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人一段时间。

其中，it是形式主语，take为花费之意，some time表示一段时间，真正的主语是后面的不定式。

take在句中有时态的变化。

如：
It took me 20minutes to read the book.读这本书花了我20分钟的时间。

注意：和它意思相同的还有spend（花费，包括花钱/时间），句型：
sb spend some time/some money (in) doing sth
sb spend some time/some money on sth
（2）however表示转折，意为可是，然而等。

可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

如：
My room is small. However, it’s comfortable.我的房间很小，但却很舒服
（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示值，常见用法如下：
sth cost(sb) +金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。

如：
A new computer costs a lot of money.
6.It is the fastest and the second cheapest...它是最快的并且是第二便宜的......
the second cheapest第二便宜的。

the+序数词+形容词最高级（+名词）。

如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。

方法规律总结
most的用法
1.most前加定冠词，修饰形容词和副词，构成多音节形容词或副词的最高级。

2.most前加定冠词，表示最大量，最多数
3.most前不加冠词，做代词用，表示大多数
4.most前加不定冠词a，表示十分，很
经典例题剖析
例1.（2012鸡西）exercise you take, you’ll be.
A.The fewer; the fatter
B.The less; the fatter
C.The less; the more fatter
解析：句意：你锻炼得越少，你将越胖。

the+比较级...the+比较级...表示越......，就越......。

故选B
例2.（2012河源）I enjoy playing computer games, but I can’t too much
time that.
A.take; doing
B.spend; doing
C.spend; for doing
D.take; to do
解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。

spend some time (in) doing sth花一段时间做某事。

句意：我喜欢玩电脑游戏，但是我不能花太多时间在那上面。

答案：B
基础知识集训
写出下列词的最高级
cold wide early hot
many expensive far slowly
relax clever
根据首字母提示补全单词
1.It’s a long j to travel from London to Beijing.
2.Did you b the ticket before you went to Shanghai?
3.I went to Amsterdam more cheaply by plane than by c .
4.It’s very cold o . You’d better put on your coat.
t week I bought a new bike; it c me 900 yuan.
综合知识集训
根据汉语完成句子
1.Tom often goes to school （骑自行车）.
2.It’s （最好的方法）to answer the question.
3.What about （步行去上学）？
4.We go to school （从星期一到星期五）.
5.Shanghai is （第二大的）city.
6.It takes me （2.5小时）to finish the work.
7.There are （多于）30 people in the room.
8.Who’s （最受欢迎的老师）in your school?
Unit3
基础知识归纳
1....but it’s also the most expensive.......但是它也是最贵的。

also是副词，意思是：也。

辨析：also与too
两者都有也的意思，但用法不用。

also比较正式，常用于句中，不用于句末；too多用于口语中，常用于句末，前面用逗号隔开。

方法规律总结
形容词和副词最高级的用法
1.表示：最......之一常用one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词
2.当最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，其前不用定冠词the
3.最高级前可加序数词
4.形容词最高级所修饰的词作表语时，这个被修饰的词常省略
经典例题剖析
例：（2012山东）My friend Frank sings well, and he is good at playing the guitar.
A.not
B.also
C.yet
D.too
解析：not用于否定句中，表示否定；also用于肯定句中，表示也，用于句中；yet用于否定句中，意为还；too用于肯定句句末，表示也。

有句意可知答案为B。

基础知识集训
根据句意和首字母提示完成单词
1.-W gets up at six o’clock?
-Tom.
2.My home is c to our school,so I walk to school.
3.My room is small. H , it’s comfortable.
4.There’re twenty-four h in a day.
5.It’s a long j to walk from your home to school.
根据汉语完成句子
1.这支钢笔比你的贵。

This pen is .
2.他是班上最好的学生。

He’s in the class.
3.它是世界上最富有的人之一。

He’s people in the world.
4.黄河是中国的第二长河。

The Yellow River is river in China.
5.他最贵的玩具是一辆小车。

toy is a car.
句型转换
1.He will go home by plane. （对划线提问）
home?
2.My home is ten kilometres from here.（对划线提问）
your home from here?
3.It takes him ten days to draw the picture.（对划线提问）
it take him to draw the picture?
4.The train fare is 50 yuan.（对划线提问）
the train fare?
5.She goes home once a week.（对划线提问）
home?
6.She is the best student in her class.（改为同义句）
She is any other student in her class.
7.The bus stop is near our factory.（改为同义句）
The bus stop is not our factory.
8.Take care of（照料）your new sweater.（改为同义句）
your new sweater.
单项填空
1.Mrs Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook for me during my stay in Canada.
A.something different
B.anything different
C.nothing different
2.He goes to school every day.
A.by the bus
B.by bus
C.take bus
D.take a bus
3.He’s going to visit his grandparents train.
A.in
B.on
C.by
D.with
4.Every year Americans go to work by bus.
lion of
lions of
lion
D.a millions
5.I work hard this term, but Peter works much .
A.hard
B.harder
C.hardest
D.the hardest
6.Li Hua’s shoes are as as Zhang Hui’s.
A.cheap
B.cheaper
C.cheapest
7.Tom’s arms are of the three.
A.long
B.longer
C.longest
D.the longest
8.The more careful you are, he mistakes you will make.
A.few
B.fewer
C.fewest
9.It took my father two weeks around China.
A.to travel
B.travel
C.travels
D.traveled
10.What’s the cheapest way from Moscow to London?
A.get
B.gets
C.getting
D.to get
11.It took me two weeks reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.
A.finish
B.to finish
C.finishes
D.finishing
12.Of all the dictionaries, this one is .
A.the more expensive
B.the expensivest
C.the most expensive
D.more expensive
13.- is the taxi fare from here to the airport?
-About 80 yuan.
A.How many
B.when
C.How much
D.How。