采矿工程专业英语ppt
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beneath [bi„ni:θ] prep.在…下面，在…下方 collapse [kə„læps] vi.(突然)倒塌；塌下 transmit [træns„mit] vt.传导；传递 potential [pəu„tenʃəl] adj.潜在的,可能的 aquatic [ə„kwætik] adj.水产的，水生的；水栖的 terrestrial [ti„restriəl] adj.陆地的, 陆生的 offset [,ɔf„set] vt.抵消;补偿 landscape [„lændskeip] n.山水,景色; 地形,景观
7
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
relies on依赖 mineral resources矿藏 、矿产资源 hydro power 水力发电 fossil fuel 矿物燃料，化石燃料 fossil oil 石油；化石燃料 combustible gas 可燃气体 combustible material 可燃物；易燃材料 combustible dust 可燃粉尘；易燃粉尘 sedimentary strata 沉积岩 sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床；成层沉积 buy out 买下…的全部产权；出钱使…放弃地位 coal preparation plant 选煤厂 to same degree在某种程度上 in place适当的，恰当的
8
• • • • • • • • • •
composed of 由…组成 rock strata 岩层 earth„s crust 地壳 tectonic movement 构造运动；地壳运动 peat bog 泥炭沼，泥炭沼泽 bituminous coal 烟煤；沥青煤（等于soft coal） in abundance 大量的；丰富的；充足的 electricity generation 发电 industrial revolution 工业革命，产业革命 destined for 驶往；去往
采矿工程专业英语
乔燕珍
1
Introduction to Coal Mining
• New words and expressions • resource [ri'sɔ:s ] n.[复数]资源、物力、财 力 • rely [ri'lai] vi.依赖，依靠，仰仗，信任，指望 • hydro ['haidrəu] n.水力发的电,电力 [复数]水力发电站，水力发电厂 • renewable [ri„nju:əbl] adj.可更新的;可继续的; 可再生的 n.再生性能源 • fossil ['fɔsəl] n.从地下采掘出的石块(或矿物) 2 adj.从地下采掘出来的
10
1. What is coal? Coal is a fossil fuel, which is a combustible, sedimentary, organic rock, and it is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is formed from vegetation, which has been consolidated between other rock strata and altered by the combined effects of pressure and heat over millions of years to form coal seams. The build-up of silt and other sediments together with movements in the earth‟s crust (known as tectonic movements) buried these swamps and peat bogs, often to great depths.
• combustible [kəm'bʌstəbl] adj. 可燃的,易燃的 n.可燃物,易燃,燃料 • sedimentary [,sedi'mentəri] adj.沉淀(物) • compose [kəm'pəuz] vt.组成,构成 • consolidate [kən'sɔlideit] vt. 把…合成一体,合并 • stratum ['streitəm; 'stræ-; 'strɑ:-] n.层; 岩层 • silt [silt] n.泥沙，淤泥;泥沙层；粉沙层 • crust [krʌst] n.外壳，外皮;地壳 • tectonic [tek„tɔnik] adj.地壳构造的 • peat [pi:t] n.泥炭，泥煤;泥炭块；泥炭土 • bog [bɔɡ] n.沼泽,泥沼,泥塘;沼泽地区
11
With burial, the plant material was subjected to high temperatures and pressures. This caused physical and chemical changes in the vegetation, transforming it into peat and then into coal. Coal formation began during the Carboniferous Period(known as the first coal age), which spanned 360 million to 290 million years ago.
4
• • • • • • •
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
• • •
progressive [prəu'ɡresiv] adj.逐渐的; 渐进的 bituminous [bi„tju:minəs] adj.沥青的; 烟煤的 anthracite英[„ænθrəsaɪt]n. [矿物] 无烟煤 abundance [ə'bʌndəns] n.充足,大量,多;丰富, 富 有 yield [ji:ld] n.生产,收益;产量，收益量 historically [his'tɔrikəli] adv.在历史上;以往,过去 destine ['destin] vt.预定,指定；打算 使…(成)为，委托(for) continental [,kɔnti„nentəl] adj.洲的,大陆的 exponentially[,ɛkspo'nɛnʃəli] adv. 以指数方式 Newcastle [„nu,kæsəl]n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市） 5
13
Over many more millions of years, the continuing effects of temperature and pressure produces further change in the lignite, progressively increasing its organic maturity and transforming it into the range known as “sub-bituminous” coals. Further chemical and physical changes occur until these coals became harder and blacker , forming the “bituminous” or “hard coals”. Under the right conditions, the progressive increase in the organic maturity can continue, finally forming anthracite.
12
The quality of each coal deposit is determined by temperature and pressure and by the length of time in formation, which is referred to as its “organic maturity”. Initially the peat is converted into lignite or “brown coal”-these are coal-types with low organic maturity. In comparison to other coals, lignite is quite soft and its color can range from dark black to various shades of brown.
• • • • •
• • • • • •
Durham['dʌrəm] n. 达拉谟(英格兰一郡及其首府名) Coalbrookdale 煤溪谷 colliery ['kɔljəri] n.煤矿(包括建筑物和设备) drift [drift] n. 【采矿】平巷，水平巷道，平峒 Midlothian [mid'ləuθiən] 中洛锡安郡(英国苏格兰 东南部旧郡) Virginia [və'dʒinjə] (美国东部的)弗吉尼亚州 pick[pik] n.鹤嘴锄；镐 shovel ['ʃʌvəl] n.铲，铁锹 conduct [kən„dʌkt] vt.进行,实施,处理 tremendous [tri'mendəs] adj.巨大的，极大的 subsidence[səb'saɪdns ] n. 下沉；沉淀；陷没
9
Introduction to Coal Mining 煤炭开采技术
Coal is one of the world‟s most important resources of energy ,fuelling almost 40% of electricity worldwide. In many countries this figure is much higher: Poland relies on coal for over 94% of its electricity; South Africa for 92%; China for 77%; and Australia for 76%. Coal has been the world‟s fastest growing energy source in recent years—faster than gas, oil, nuclear, hydro and renewable.
14
2. Importance of Coal Due to its abundance , coal has been mined in various parts of the world throughout history and continues to be an important economic activity today. Compared to wood fuels, coal yields a higher amount of energy per mass and could be obtained in areas where wood is not readily available. Though historically used as a means of household heating, coal is now mostly used in industry, especially in smelting and alloy production, as well as electricity generation.
3
• subject [səb„dʒekt] n.主题,题材,题目,论题,课题 adj.受(…)影响的(常与to连用) • carboniferous [,kɑrbə„nɪfərəs] adj. 石炭纪的 n.石炭纪,石炭层 • span [spæ n] n. 时间阶段 • deposit [di„pɔzit] vi.沉积;沉淀 n. 沉积,沉淀,沉积物;堆积物 【采矿】矿藏,矿床 • maturity [mə'tjuəriti] n.成熟;【生物学】 成熟期 • lignite ['liɡnait] n.褐煤 [亦作 brown coal] • shade [ʃeid] n.阴,树阴;细微差别
• • • • • • • •
beneath [bi„ni:θ] prep.在…下面，在…下方 collapse [kə„læps] vi.(突然)倒塌；塌下 transmit [træns„mit] vt.传导；传递 potential [pəu„tenʃəl] adj.潜在的,可能的 aquatic [ə„kwætik] adj.水产的，水生的；水栖的 terrestrial [ti„restriəl] adj.陆地的, 陆生的 offset [,ɔf„set] vt.抵消;补偿 landscape [„lændskeip] n.山水,景色; 地形,景观
7
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
relies on依赖 mineral resources矿藏 、矿产资源 hydro power 水力发电 fossil fuel 矿物燃料，化石燃料 fossil oil 石油；化石燃料 combustible gas 可燃气体 combustible material 可燃物；易燃材料 combustible dust 可燃粉尘；易燃粉尘 sedimentary strata 沉积岩 sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床；成层沉积 buy out 买下…的全部产权；出钱使…放弃地位 coal preparation plant 选煤厂 to same degree在某种程度上 in place适当的，恰当的
8
• • • • • • • • • •
composed of 由…组成 rock strata 岩层 earth„s crust 地壳 tectonic movement 构造运动；地壳运动 peat bog 泥炭沼，泥炭沼泽 bituminous coal 烟煤；沥青煤（等于soft coal） in abundance 大量的；丰富的；充足的 electricity generation 发电 industrial revolution 工业革命，产业革命 destined for 驶往；去往
采矿工程专业英语
乔燕珍
1
Introduction to Coal Mining
• New words and expressions • resource [ri'sɔ:s ] n.[复数]资源、物力、财 力 • rely [ri'lai] vi.依赖，依靠，仰仗，信任，指望 • hydro ['haidrəu] n.水力发的电,电力 [复数]水力发电站，水力发电厂 • renewable [ri„nju:əbl] adj.可更新的;可继续的; 可再生的 n.再生性能源 • fossil ['fɔsəl] n.从地下采掘出的石块(或矿物) 2 adj.从地下采掘出来的
10
1. What is coal? Coal is a fossil fuel, which is a combustible, sedimentary, organic rock, and it is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is formed from vegetation, which has been consolidated between other rock strata and altered by the combined effects of pressure and heat over millions of years to form coal seams. The build-up of silt and other sediments together with movements in the earth‟s crust (known as tectonic movements) buried these swamps and peat bogs, often to great depths.
• combustible [kəm'bʌstəbl] adj. 可燃的,易燃的 n.可燃物,易燃,燃料 • sedimentary [,sedi'mentəri] adj.沉淀(物) • compose [kəm'pəuz] vt.组成,构成 • consolidate [kən'sɔlideit] vt. 把…合成一体,合并 • stratum ['streitəm; 'stræ-; 'strɑ:-] n.层; 岩层 • silt [silt] n.泥沙，淤泥;泥沙层；粉沙层 • crust [krʌst] n.外壳，外皮;地壳 • tectonic [tek„tɔnik] adj.地壳构造的 • peat [pi:t] n.泥炭，泥煤;泥炭块；泥炭土 • bog [bɔɡ] n.沼泽,泥沼,泥塘;沼泽地区
11
With burial, the plant material was subjected to high temperatures and pressures. This caused physical and chemical changes in the vegetation, transforming it into peat and then into coal. Coal formation began during the Carboniferous Period(known as the first coal age), which spanned 360 million to 290 million years ago.
4
• • • • • • •
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
• • •
progressive [prəu'ɡresiv] adj.逐渐的; 渐进的 bituminous [bi„tju:minəs] adj.沥青的; 烟煤的 anthracite英[„ænθrəsaɪt]n. [矿物] 无烟煤 abundance [ə'bʌndəns] n.充足,大量,多;丰富, 富 有 yield [ji:ld] n.生产,收益;产量，收益量 historically [his'tɔrikəli] adv.在历史上;以往,过去 destine ['destin] vt.预定,指定；打算 使…(成)为，委托(for) continental [,kɔnti„nentəl] adj.洲的,大陆的 exponentially[,ɛkspo'nɛnʃəli] adv. 以指数方式 Newcastle [„nu,kæsəl]n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市） 5
13
Over many more millions of years, the continuing effects of temperature and pressure produces further change in the lignite, progressively increasing its organic maturity and transforming it into the range known as “sub-bituminous” coals. Further chemical and physical changes occur until these coals became harder and blacker , forming the “bituminous” or “hard coals”. Under the right conditions, the progressive increase in the organic maturity can continue, finally forming anthracite.
12
The quality of each coal deposit is determined by temperature and pressure and by the length of time in formation, which is referred to as its “organic maturity”. Initially the peat is converted into lignite or “brown coal”-these are coal-types with low organic maturity. In comparison to other coals, lignite is quite soft and its color can range from dark black to various shades of brown.
• • • • •
• • • • • •
Durham['dʌrəm] n. 达拉谟(英格兰一郡及其首府名) Coalbrookdale 煤溪谷 colliery ['kɔljəri] n.煤矿(包括建筑物和设备) drift [drift] n. 【采矿】平巷，水平巷道，平峒 Midlothian [mid'ləuθiən] 中洛锡安郡(英国苏格兰 东南部旧郡) Virginia [və'dʒinjə] (美国东部的)弗吉尼亚州 pick[pik] n.鹤嘴锄；镐 shovel ['ʃʌvəl] n.铲，铁锹 conduct [kən„dʌkt] vt.进行,实施,处理 tremendous [tri'mendəs] adj.巨大的，极大的 subsidence[səb'saɪdns ] n. 下沉；沉淀；陷没
9
Introduction to Coal Mining 煤炭开采技术
Coal is one of the world‟s most important resources of energy ,fuelling almost 40% of electricity worldwide. In many countries this figure is much higher: Poland relies on coal for over 94% of its electricity; South Africa for 92%; China for 77%; and Australia for 76%. Coal has been the world‟s fastest growing energy source in recent years—faster than gas, oil, nuclear, hydro and renewable.
14
2. Importance of Coal Due to its abundance , coal has been mined in various parts of the world throughout history and continues to be an important economic activity today. Compared to wood fuels, coal yields a higher amount of energy per mass and could be obtained in areas where wood is not readily available. Though historically used as a means of household heating, coal is now mostly used in industry, especially in smelting and alloy production, as well as electricity generation.
3
• subject [səb„dʒekt] n.主题,题材,题目,论题,课题 adj.受(…)影响的(常与to连用) • carboniferous [,kɑrbə„nɪfərəs] adj. 石炭纪的 n.石炭纪,石炭层 • span [spæ n] n. 时间阶段 • deposit [di„pɔzit] vi.沉积;沉淀 n. 沉积,沉淀,沉积物;堆积物 【采矿】矿藏,矿床 • maturity [mə'tjuəriti] n.成熟;【生物学】 成熟期 • lignite ['liɡnait] n.褐煤 [亦作 brown coal] • shade [ʃeid] n.阴,树阴;细微差别