新编英语教程第二册unit4分析解析

新编英语教程第二册unit4分析解析
Unit 4
I.Lead-in
II．Language Structures
Main Teaching Points
1. The relative clause introduced by when
e.g. 12 October 1992 was the day when Columbus landed in America.
2. The relative clause introduced by where
e.g. A kitchnette is a small room where people cook their meals.
3. The relative clause preceded by the way (in which)
e.g. I like the way she spoke.
4. The relative clause introduced by why
e.g. Is that the reason why we have tests and quizzes all the time?
Language note
The word date means the statement of the time (day, month, year; one, two, or all three of these) when something happened or is to happen.
Dialogue Study Dreams
A. Background Notes
Psychoanalytic dream interpretation
Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is a subdivision of dream interpretation as well as a subdivision of psychoanalysis pioneered by Sigmund Freud in the early twentieth century. Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is the process of explaining the meaning of the way the unconscious thoughts and emotions are processed in the mind during sleep.
There have been multiple methods used in psychoanalytic dream interpretation, including Freud's method of dream interpretation, the symbolic method, and the decoding method. The Freudian method is the most prominently used in psychoanalysis and has been for the last century. Psychoanalytic dream interpretation is used mainly for therapeutic purposes in a variety of settings. Although these theories are used, none have been solidly proven and much has been left open to debate among researchers. Some studies have shown that areas of dream interpretation can be invalid and therefore a decline in importance has been seen in psychoanalytic dream interpretation.
B. Language Points
1.start off by : If you start off by doing sth., you do it as the first part of an activity.
e.g. I want to start off by apologizing for not having submit the report earlier.
2. be of use--- be useful
be of difficult--- be difficulty
be of great importance---be very important
3.over and ove r---repeatedly, other expressions with the same meaning include: again and again, over and over again, time and again, time and time again.
e.g. The new word turned up over and over in the article, which made understanding difficult for me.
4. recur: v. happen again or repeatedly再发生，重现n. recurrence 重现，反复；a. recurren t经常发生的，反复的
e.g. a recurring problem/error/illness
recur to sb./sth. (想法/事情等)在头脑中重现
1) This is a problem which will constantly recur and entail the
same consequences.
2) Our first encounter often recurs to my mind.
---occur: v. happen, come into being 发生；exist, to be found 存在
e.g.1)The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m.
2) This kind of disease mostly occurs when there is a constant shortage of clean drinking water.
3) It has never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her.
5.scenario n. written outline of a film, play, etc.（电影、戏剧等的）脚本，剧情概要；a series of related events that form a pattern一系列事件，事态发展局面
e.g. possible/ likely/plausible scenario可能发生的局面
worst-case/nightmare scenario最坏的局面，最糟糕的情形
1) The scenario has been remade 20 times.
2) Our motherland was once deeply involved in the scenario of suffering and loss.
6.approach v. come near to sb./ sth. 接近，靠近；speak to sb. about sth. for the first time for their support or opinion 接洽，商量；deal with or tackle a problem 处理，应对
n. act of approaching接近，靠近；way, path, road 通路，道路；way of dealing with sth.方法，手段
e.g.1) With exam week approaching, students are having their nose in books.
2) She has already been approached by several companies.
3) Aware of the approach of strangers, dogs began to bark.
4) The track is intended as an approach to the palace.
easy/difficult of approach 平易近人的/难以接近的
the approach to 处理的方法或态度，到达某处的通路approach sb. about sth. 与某人接洽，与某人商量approach a
problem/task/matter 处理问题/任务/事物
7.hence ad. for this reason 因此
e.g. This bag is handmade and hence expensive.
同意词：consequently, hence, so, therefore, thereby, thus
C. Retelling
Sample Outline for Retelling:
A interviews B, an expert on dreams, in a radio show. They strike up a conversation focusing on dreams.
1. A welcomes and asks B to introduce the topic.
2. B explains to A the dream of driving in or falling in water.
3. B continues to explain the relationship between the dream of driving in or falling in water and work stress.
4. B tells A the reason why only very strange dreams can be remembered.
Reading ⅠDaydreaming
A. Pre-reading activity
A daydream is a visionary fantasy experienced while awake, especially one of happy, pleasant thoughts, hopes or ambitions. Now, please think about the following questions before you read the text.
1. In your opinion, why do people daydream?
2. Daydreaming was long held in disrepute in society and was associated with laziness. Do you think daydreaming is good or bad? Why?
3. It is said that daydreaming may also help us to sort out problems and achieve success. Can you think of some other positive effects of daydreaming?
B.Questions on P48.
C. Vocabulary on P48.
/doc/ab3602848.html,nguage Points
1.bud:n. a young tightly rolled flower or leaf before it opens 花蕾，萌芽v. produce buds发芽，萌芽
e.g. 1) The trees have already put out their buds everywhere.
2) The flowers are white in bud and bright yellow when open.
come into bud 发芽be in bud 含苞待放
nip sth. in the bud 将某物扼杀于萌芽状态
2.urge v.strongly suggest sb. doing sth. 催促，激励
n. a strong desire to do sth. 冲动
e.g. 1) I urged him to take a year off for a tour around Europe.
2) He urged that we should go.
3) The report urged a more positive role for local government.
4) The child has a strong urge to communicate with strangers.
urge sb. to do sth. 催促、力劝某人做某事
urge that …竭力主张
urge sb. on鼓励，激励
satisfy one’s urge 满足冲动
overcome/stifle one’s urge 克服/抑制某人的冲动
3.gaze: v. look long and steadily 凝视，注视
n.long steady look
e.g.1) She gazed at me in disbelief when I told her the news.
2) She felt increasingly uncomfortable under his steady gaze.
gaze at sb./sth.凝视，盯着某人某物看
meet sb.’s gaze 直视某人的目光
in the public gaze 众目睽睽之下
辨析：gape,gaze,glare, peep,peer,squint, stare on P68.
4.irresistible a. too strong, attractive to be resisted 不可抗拒的，无法抑制的
e.g.1) The very high salary made the job irresistible.
2)Beauty and charm made her irresistible to men. irresistible
to sb. 对某人来说不可抗拒
an irresistible temptation/urge/impulse无法抗拒的诱惑/无法抑制的冲动
同意词: overwhelming 势不可挡的，不可抗拒的
5.startle v. surprise or frighten sb. or by a sudden movement 使惊吓，使吓一跳
e.g.1）The birds were startled by the sound of the gunfire.
2) I was startled to see her again as I thought she had been missing.
be startled by sb./ sth. 被…惊吓
6.mood n. state of one’s feeling or mood 心情，情绪；way
a group feels about sth., atmosphere 心态，气氛
e.g. 1) I cannot keep up with her constantly changing moods.
2) The sudden advent of the dark, rainy weather set the mood for the performing of the tragic story.
in a good/bad mood 心情好/坏
in a foul mood 心情极差
in a holiday/ party/ festival mood 度假/聚会/节庆心情mood of confidence/optimism/despair/ gloom自信/乐观/失望/阴沉的心情
be/ feel in the/ no mood for (doing) sth./ to so sth.有/无心情做某事
7. fantasy n. a situation which you imagine happening but is unlikely to happen or unrelated to reality 幻想，空想；product of the imagination 怪念头，白日梦
e.g. 1) She had woven a fantasy about living in a cottage in the deep forest.
2) My childhood fantasies were finally satisfied.
have a fantasy/fantasies about doing sth. 幻想做某事
a world of fantasy 幻想世界
fantastic a.荒诞的，极好的
fantasize v.想象，幻想
8.survive v.continue or live or exist despite being nearly destroyed 幸存，残存；继续存在；remain alive after (sb.)比某人寿命长
e.g.1) Only one survived of the 100 people in the plane that crashed in the mountain.
2) Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving.
3) Only a few types of reptile survive today from the period of the dinosaurs.
4) The old lady has survived all her children.
survive an accident/earthquake/fire/shipwreck 经历事故/地震/火灾/沉船等死里逃生
survive on sth. 依靠…生存/维系
survivor 幸存者survival 幸存，残存
9.torture n. an extremely unpleasant or painful experience 折磨，痛苦；deliberately inflicting severe pain as a punishment 拷问，拷打v.
e.g. 1) What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man.
2) This week a collection of torture devices in Middle-age is displayed in the museum.
3) I was tortured by toothache for the whole night.
10. deprivation n. the lack of sth. that you need or want 贫困，匮乏，丧失
e.g. 1) The criminals suffer from deprivation of political rights.
2) Sleep deprivation can cause stress, loss of appetite and other health issues.
11.vary v. be different in size, amount, or degree; change改变，变化；make changes 变更
e.g. 1) The result of the experiment varied greatly.
2) The suitcase vary in size depending on what you want.
3) Her mood varied from optimism to depression.
4) You’d better vary your diet or you will probably become overweight.
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with sth.随…而改变
vary from sth. to sth.从…变为…
varyconsiderably/dramatically/enormously/significantly/wi dely/wildly差异很大
varylittle/ sightly/差异不大
varying degrees/levels/sizes/amounts不同的程度/水平/大小/数量
12.link v. make a connection between people or things联系，连接n. person or thing that connects two others关联，联系，纽带
e.g. 1) Television stations around the country are linked by satellite.
2) These linked problems must be tackled at the same time.
3) This lecture is about new technology and its link with the unemployment problem.
link sth. to/with sth.
link sth.and sth.(together)将…与…联系起来，连接起来link sth. up
links between… and …两者之间的联系
commercial/cultural/diplomatic links商业/文化/外交往来
13.characterize v. describe sb./sth.as 将某人/某物的特点描述成…be typical of, be characteristic of 表现…的典型，以..为特征
e.g. 1) Historians characterized the period as the decade of revolution.
2) This region is characterized by its abundance of flora and fauna.
characterize sb./ sth. as sth.将某人/某物的特点描述成某物
be characterized by…以…为特征，具有…的特点
14. short-lived a. lasting for only a short time 短暂的，昙花一现的
e.g. 1) Her interest in tennis was very short-lived.
2) A short-lived English movement in art and literature arose in 1914.
同意词：temporary, momentary, short-term, transitory, transient 短暂的，转瞬即逝的
反义词：long-lived 长寿的，持久的
15. brood n. a family of young birds or animals all born at the same time 一窝雏鸟，一窝幼崽；a family of children 一家的孩子
e.g.1）She has raised up a whole brood of children after her husband’s death.
2) Recently he has caught himself brooding over the meaning of life.最近他发觉自己在思索人生的意义。

a brood of 一窝…
brood about/on /over sth.沉思…
broody a. 要孵卵的，沮丧的，郁闷的
broodiness 沮丧，闷闷不乐
16.riddle with v. make many holes in sb./ sth. 将…弄得满是窟窿；affect sb./sth. completely with undesirable qualities.使…充满；充斥着
e.g.1）The windshild was riddled with bullet holes.
2) The are riddled with desease.
3) The existing law is riddled with loopholes.
be speaking/talking in riddles 说话费解，莫名其妙
17.involve v. include 包含，包括；bring sb./sth. into an
activity, a situation 使某人、某物参与某活动；make sth. necessary 需要
e.g. 1)He was accidently involved in a political disturbance.
2）The job involves you travelling on business trips on a regular basis.
involve sb./sth. in doing sth. 使参与，使陷入
be/become/get involved in sth. with sth. 与某事有关联involve with 和…有密切联系
Reading II
Comprehension Questions
1. Is it possible for us to just look at a page and never forget what was on there or never again forget a friend’s birthday? Why or why not?
Sample: No, it is impossible, because not everyone has a photographic memory.
2. How can you improve your short-term memory? Sample:You can improve your short-term memory at every step in the processes. You can improve at the first stage, perception by paying close attention. You can improve it by rote rehearsal. You can also improve it by
chunking —organizing long lists or numbers so that you can remember them in seven or fewer chunks.
3. How can you improve your long-term memory? Sample: You can improve your long-term memory by improving the way you encode and store material. You should organize material for meaningful association. The more meaning you can give to something and the more associations you can make between the new information you are now learning and other information you already know, the better you’ll remember.
4. What is probably the best way for people to remember
material? Is it easy? Why or why not?
Sample: Probably the best way to remember material is to make it yours by making it personally meaningful. It is especially easy to do so in a course like psychology because it has so many applications to your life.
5. What cues can you give yourself for retrieval? Sample: Use headings in your notes, and make up personally meaningful catch phrases and/or visual images that you associate with various blocks of material. GUIDED WRITING Reference version Dreams reflect what people are thinking about during the day. There is an old story in China that bears this out. In those days, scholars all had one aspiration: to be a high official, which would bring glory, splendour and great wealth. They studied hard to pass the different levels of examination held by the government. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a scholar named Lu. On his way to the capital to take part in a high level examination, he stopped for the night at an inn. After a long day’s journey, he was both tired a nd hungry. He dropped down on a stool and the innkeeper started to cook a meal for him. His eyelids dropped and he dozed off. In his sleep, he was awarded the highest honor in the examination, thus becoming one of the high officials, subsequent to which he was showered with money, precious things, high tributes and beautiful women. He led a powerful and luxurious life before he fell out of favor with the emperor and was deprived of everything overnight. The shock brought him back to the dilapidated little inn and he found the meal was not yet done. The next morning, after a sleepless night, Scholar Lu started his journey home instead of going to the capital to take part in the examination.。