2018届高三英语大二轮复习文档：第一讲 名词和冠词
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第1讲 名词和冠词
[特别说明]本讲主要涉及名词பைடு நூலகம்单复数和所有格，有关名词的词性转换将在“第6讲 构词法”中具体讲解。
判定方法
应用体验
提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down severalinvitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
⑦(2017·石家庄市一模)On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tealeaves(leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.
词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。例如：
(一)名词复数的规则变化
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of smallcarrots(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
shelf架子→shelvesknife刀子→knives
leaf叶子→leaves housewife家庭主妇→housewives
⑧(2017·江西省重点中学盟校联考)Tomatoes(tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular.
2.有these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。
3.名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。
③(2017·桂林市联考)To them, life is acompetition(compete) — they have to do better than their peers to be happy.
词尾是s, x, ch, sh时一般加es。例如：
bus公共汽车→busesfox狐狸→foxes
coach教练→coaches branch树枝→branches
bush灌木丛→bushes
注意：stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
⑤(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract naturalenemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
③(2017·河南省天一大联考)I learned that spies usually hid important letters in an umbrella, in a shoe, or even in a pair of ordinaryglasses(glass)．
④(2017·银川一中二模)But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and thebranches(branch) began to dry.
词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。例如：
enemy敌人→enemieshobby业余爱好→hobbies
difficulty困难→difficulties toy玩具→toys
key钥匙→keys
⑥(2017·唐山市一模)The 220 pound Qizai has become a superstar, and manytoys(toy) in his color have been made.
一般在名词词尾直接加s。例如：
friend (朋友)→friendsnation (国家)→nations
interest (兴趣)→interests change (变化)→changes
member (成员)→members wing (翅膀)→wings
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)The new pilot says it’s never too late to spread yourwings(wing) and try something new.
⑥(2017·成都市模拟)Thedependence(depend) on mobile devices is even having physical and mental effects.
⑦(2017·漳州市八校联考)Chances(chance) are that you will receive three different answers.
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)This could beMary’s(Mary) motto — the expression that best captures her spirit.
当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断。
1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。
④(2017·山师大附中模拟)She had severalillnesses(illness) when she was very young, including pneumonia and headache.
⑤(2017·绵阳市模拟)It is one of the world’s most visitedcities(city) in terms of international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system.
[特别说明]本讲主要涉及名词பைடு நூலகம்单复数和所有格，有关名词的词性转换将在“第6讲 构词法”中具体讲解。
判定方法
应用体验
提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down severalinvitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
⑦(2017·石家庄市一模)On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tealeaves(leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.
词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。例如：
(一)名词复数的规则变化
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of smallcarrots(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
shelf架子→shelvesknife刀子→knives
leaf叶子→leaves housewife家庭主妇→housewives
⑧(2017·江西省重点中学盟校联考)Tomatoes(tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular.
2.有these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。
3.名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。
③(2017·桂林市联考)To them, life is acompetition(compete) — they have to do better than their peers to be happy.
词尾是s, x, ch, sh时一般加es。例如：
bus公共汽车→busesfox狐狸→foxes
coach教练→coaches branch树枝→branches
bush灌木丛→bushes
注意：stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
⑤(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract naturalenemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
③(2017·河南省天一大联考)I learned that spies usually hid important letters in an umbrella, in a shoe, or even in a pair of ordinaryglasses(glass)．
④(2017·银川一中二模)But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and thebranches(branch) began to dry.
词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。例如：
enemy敌人→enemieshobby业余爱好→hobbies
difficulty困难→difficulties toy玩具→toys
key钥匙→keys
⑥(2017·唐山市一模)The 220 pound Qizai has become a superstar, and manytoys(toy) in his color have been made.
一般在名词词尾直接加s。例如：
friend (朋友)→friendsnation (国家)→nations
interest (兴趣)→interests change (变化)→changes
member (成员)→members wing (翅膀)→wings
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)The new pilot says it’s never too late to spread yourwings(wing) and try something new.
⑥(2017·成都市模拟)Thedependence(depend) on mobile devices is even having physical and mental effects.
⑦(2017·漳州市八校联考)Chances(chance) are that you will receive three different answers.
②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)This could beMary’s(Mary) motto — the expression that best captures her spirit.
当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断。
1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。
④(2017·山师大附中模拟)She had severalillnesses(illness) when she was very young, including pneumonia and headache.
⑤(2017·绵阳市模拟)It is one of the world’s most visitedcities(city) in terms of international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system.