PartⅡGrammar——动词ing形式作表语定语和宾语补足语

PartⅡGrammar——动词ing形式作表语定语和宾语补⾜语Part ⅡGrammar——动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补⾜语
[思维导图]
⼀、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。

1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。

The result of the game was disappointing.
⽐赛结果令⼈失望。

His life story sounds very moving.
他的⼈⽣故事听起来很感⼈。

[名师点津]作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表⽰⼈们某种感情或情绪的动词变化⽽来的。

常见的有：
moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令⼈……的”的含义，常修饰物。

2．动名词作表语多表⽰抽象性的或习惯性的动作，⼀般说明主语的内容。

What I am tired of is waiting here alone.
我厌烦独⾃在这⾥等。

My hobby is collecting stamps.
我的爱好就是集邮。

⼆、动词-ing形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。

1．动名词作定语表⽰被修饰词的某种性能或⽤途，相当于for引导的介词短语。

No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室⾥不准⼤声说话。

2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表⽰所修饰词进⾏的动作，相当于⼀个定语从句。

The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢⾜球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。

[名师点津]现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的⼀般区别：现在分词表⽰正在进⾏或习惯性的动作；过去分词表⽰被动或完
成意义；不定式表⽰动作尚未发⽣。

You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。

The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。

I'm looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房⼦住。

三、动词-ing形式作宾语补⾜语的⽤法
1．动词-ing形式及其短语可以⽤在表⽰感觉的动词(如see，observe，notice，watch，hear，smell，listen to，look at，feel 等)以及其他动词(如catch，have，make，get，start，leave，keep，find等)的宾语后⾯，作宾语补⾜语。

I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond.
我看到⼀个⼩⼥孩站在⾦鱼缸前。

2．在⼀些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补⾜语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语补⾜语，其区别在：动词的-ing形式作宾语补⾜语表⽰动作正在进⾏，不是指全过程；不定式作宾语补⾜语表⽰动作的完成，指全过程。

I saw the thief getting on the train.
我看见那个贼正在上⽕车。

I saw the thief get on the train and disappear.
我看见那个贼上了⽕车，消失不见了。

3．⽤于with复合结构中。

I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪⾳不断，我没法做家庭作业。

With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多⼈看着她，她感到紧张。

Ⅰ.⽤所给词的适当形式填空
1．Climbing mountains was tiring,_so we all felt tired.(tire)
2．He was just about to sit down when he felt something moving(move) near his feet. 3．After the party，most guests left，with only two of them remaining(remain) in the host family，helping(help) him clean up.
4．It was a really terrifying(terrify) experience.Afterwards，everybody was very shocked(shock)．
5．On the bank of the river，we found him lying(lie) on a bench，with his eyes fixed(fix) on a kite in the sky.
6．Unless you have planted something，you won't be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted growing(grow)．
7．The flowers smelling(smell) sweet in the botanical garden attracted the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.
8．Give me the blue raincoat，please，the one hanging(hang) behind the door.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw them coming across the street.
2．I stood on the bridge and watched that boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched boats passing by.
3．The most popular pastime is to play chess.
→The most popular pastime is playing chess.
4．To deny this will be to shut one's eyes to fact.
→Denying this will be shutting one's eyes to fact.
5．To see is to believe.
→Seeing is believing.
Ⅲ.完成句⼦
1．I saw a stranger sliding_into the manager's office.
我看见⼀个陌⽣⼈溜进了经理的办公室。

2．The stadium being_designed_now_will be the biggest one in our city.
正在被设计的体育馆将是我们城市最⼤的⼀个。

3．He said he had an important problem to_solve.
他说他有个重要问题要解决。

4．One of his weaknesses is telling_lies.
他的缺点之⼀就是说谎。

5．My parents leave_me_to_choose my own friends.
我⽗母让我⾃⼰选择⾃⼰的朋友。

6．The boys gathering_at_the_school_gate are my classmates. 聚集在校门⼝的那些男孩是我的同学。

7．The boy studying_in_the_classroom is our monitor.
在教室⾥学习的男孩是我们的班长。

8．Don't have_the_students_studying all day.
不要让学⽣整天学习。