压力容器技术进展(中英文)
压力容器中英文名词
200个压力容器的核心中英文名词A B类category A B安全阀safety valve安装Installation鞍式支座saddle support凹面concave半球形封头Hemispherical heads棒bars保温支撑insulation support爆炸性explosive泵pump变径段reducers标记stamping标志marking标志的移植Transfering marking波纹板Corrugating Paper补强管reinforcing nozzle补强圈reinforcing ring不锈钢stainless steel不圆度out-of-roundness材料materials材料证明书Certification of material超声检验Ultrasonic Examination衬里Linings成型Forming成型封头Formed heads尺寸Dimensions翅片管finned tubes冲击试验impact test储罐storage tank传热面积heat transfer surface磁粉检验Magnetic Particle Examination 次要应力secondary stress粗糙度roughness淬火Quenching带折边的锥形toriconical弹簧springs弹簧垫圈spring washer弹性模量modulus of Elasticity挡板baffle plate低合金钢容器low alloy steel vessels低温容器Low-temperature vessels地震烈度seismic intensity垫板Backing strip垫片gasket垫圈washer碟形封头Dished heads顶丝jbckscrew定距管spacer定位销pin dowel定义Definitions毒性toxicity镀锌容器Galvanized vessels锻件Forgings对焊法兰welding neck flange耳座lug阀门valves法兰flanges法兰接触面Flange contact facings防冲板impingement baffle防腐蚀衬里Corrosion resistant linings防火fire protection防涡流挡板vortex breaker非受压件nonpressure parts非圆形容器Noncircular vessels峰值应力peak stress腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance附加载荷supplementary loading附件attachments复合板Clad plate覆层容器clad vessels盖板Cover plates杆rods or bars过渡段transition in过渡圆角Knuckles焊后热处理after postweld heat treating焊接工艺welding procedure specification 焊接接头welding joints焊接系数welding coefficient厚度thickness滑动的sliding环向应力hoop stress回火tempering基本地震加速度basic seismic acceleration 基本分压basic wind pressure计算厚度calculated thickness技术条件form of Specification加强圈stiffening rings夹套容器Jacketed vessels检查孔Inspection openings检验inspection角焊Fillet welds接地板earth lug截止Stop valves介质特性fluid property金属温度Metal temperature筋板rib plate径向应力radial stress静(压力)水头static head局部areas局部local局部焊后热处理Local postweld heat treatment 矩形设计rectangular design卡箍clamp开孔补强reinforcement for openings快开盖Quick-actuating closures拉杆tie rod裂缝Cracking流体（介质）fluid螺孔holes for screw螺母nut螺塞plug螺栓bolt螺纹threaded螺柱studs名义厚度nominal thickness铭牌Nameplates内部构件Internal structures内衬筒internal shell盘管coil tube配件fittings膨胀节expansion joint平封头Flat heads评定Qualification气孔Porosity气压试验Pneumatic test钎焊brazing强度strength of球形封头spherically dished曲率curvature屈服yielding全容积total volume缺陷defects群座skirt support热处理thermal treatment热处理heat treatmen热应力thermal stress人孔manholes韧性ductility容积volume容器vessel容器净重empty weight容器类别vessel classification塞焊Plug welds设计压力design pressure射线超声检验Radiographic Examination渗透检验Penetrant Examination石墨graphite试样Test coupons适用范围Scope手孔(ha)ndholes水压试验hydrostatic test/hydraulic test/hydrotest 碳钢carbon steel搪玻璃容器enameled vessels梯子、平台ladders, platforms填充金属filler metal筒体shell凸面convex凸缘socket椭圆封头Ellipsoidal heads外压容器vessels subjected to external pressure 未注尺寸公差tolerance grade n0t noted无支撑unstayed系数fact0r现场安装Fie1d assemb1y校核checking 0f泄放(Disc)harge泄压装置Pressure relieving (dev)ices性能properties许用工作压力al1owable working pressure许用应力al1owable stress易然的flammable应力腐蚀stress corrosion应力集中stress concentration预热Preheating圆度roundness圆角和倒角corners+fillets载荷Loadingse(xpa)nded c0nnections折流板baffle plate蒸发器(Evap)orators直边长度length 0f skirt直径Diameter制造fabrication制造厂fabricator制造方法methods 0f fabrication 制造工艺fabrication technology 周长Girth主应力primary stress柱状壳体Cylindrical shells铸铁容器cast iron vessels转角半径knuckle radius装配assembling锥度tapered锥壳conical shell锥形封头Conical heads资格qualification纵向接头Longitudinal joints组对fitting up。
压力容器工程常用英语中英文对照
压力容器工程常用英语中英文对照EngineeringSpecificationforPressureVesselsCONTENTS名目1.GENERAL概述1.1Scope范围1.2Codes,StandardsandRegulations规范、标准及规章1.3Units单位1.4Purchaser’sDrawingandDocuments买方图纸及文件1.5Vendor’sDrawingsandDocuments卖方图纸及文件1.6SiteCondition现场条件2.DESIGN设计2.1DesignPressure设计压力2.2DesignTemperature设计温度2.3CorrosionAllowances腐蚀余度2.4Materials材料2.5LoadingConditionsandStrengthCalculation负荷条件及强度计算2.6Tolerances同意偏差3.DETAILDESIGN详细设计3.1ShellsandHeads容器壁及顶3.2Internals内件3.3NozzlesandManholes设备口及人孔3.4Bolts,NutsandGaskets螺栓、螺母及垫片3.5Supports支架3.6Miscellaneous其它4.FABRICATION制作4.1PlateLayout排板4.2Forming成型4.3Welding焊接4.4HeatTreatment热处理5.INSPECTIONANDTESTS检测及试验PLATE,PAINTINGANDMARKING铭牌、刷漆及标识6.1Nameplate铭牌6.2Painting刷漆6.3Marking标识7.PACKINGANDSHIPPING包装和运输7.1General概述7.2PackingandPreparationforShipping包装与运输预备7.3Shipping运输AppendixA:ToleranceforPressureVessels附A：压力容器同意偏差1.GENERAL1.1Scope1.1.1Thisspecificationtogetherwiththeengineeringdrawingscoverstherequirementsforthematerials ,design,fabrication,inspection,testingandsupplyofpressurevesselsusedforCIBASBR3rdlineproject inZhenjiang,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.本规范及工程图纸包含对中国镇江CIBASBR第3条线工程中使用旳压力容器旳材料、设计、制作、检测、试验及供应旳要求。
压力容器图纸中英文对照资料
压力容器图纸中英文对照资料(翻译人士必备)名称designation管箱channel螺柱bolts螺母nuts带肩螺柱shouldered tap bolt缠绕垫wound pad管束bundle垫片wound pad法兰flange短节short shell斜锥壳oblique cone shell管口材料表nozzle material table管束支撑bundle support筒体shell封头head人孔manhole挡板baffle鞍座saddle铭牌name plate接地板earth lug支座saddle滑道slide进口支配器import distributor符号mark公称尺寸nominal size公称压力nominal pressure法兰标准STD.Of flange密封面形式facing塔底液进口bottom tray liquid inlet气体出口vapour outlet液体出口liquid outlet液体循环口liquid recycle inlet气体产品入口vapour product inlet气体产品出口vapour product outlet材料material件号part number图号或标准号DWG.No.OR STD No数据表data sheet容器类型/级别vessel class设计寿命designed life参数名称data designation工作压力operation pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operation temperature设计温度design temperature壁温wall temperature安全阀开启压力safety valve set press.介质fluid介质特性fluid character主要受压元件材料main material of press.part 腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance焊接接头系数joint efficiency程数number of passes保温材料insulation material保温厚度insulation thickness传热面积heat exchange area换热管规格tube size强度焊strength welded贴胀hydraulic expansion管子与管板连接方式tube to tube sheet最大吊装质量max.erection wt.设备最大质量equipment max.wt.热处理heat treatment试验种类type of testing水压试验hydrostatic test气密试验leakage test壳程shell side管程tube side无损检测non destructive examination 射线技术等级radiographic class超声技术等级ultrasonic class焊接接头种类category joint检测率degree exam.检测方法method。
压力容器工程常用英语中英文对照.doc
压力容器工程规定Engineering Specification for Pressure VesselsC O N T E N T S目录1. GENERAL 概述1.1 Scope 范围1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations 规范、标准及规章1.3 Units 单位1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents 买方图纸及文件1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents 卖方图纸及文件1.6 Site Condition 现场条件2. DESIGN 设计2.1 Design Pressure 设计压力2.2 Design Temperature 设计温度2.3 Corrosion Allowances 腐蚀余度2.4 Materials 材料2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation 负荷条件及强度计算2.6 Tolerances 允许偏差3. DETAIL DESIGN 详细设计3.1 Shells and Heads 容器壁及顶3.2 Internals 内件3.3 Nozzles and Manholes 设备口及人孔3.4 Bolts, Nuts and Gaskets 螺栓、螺母及垫片3.5 Supports 支架3.6 Miscellaneous 其它4. FABRICATION 制作4.1 Plate Layout 排板4.2 Forming 成型4.3 Welding 焊接4.4 Heat Treatment 热处理5. INSPECTION AND TESTS 检测及试验6. NAMEPLATE, PAINTING AND MARKING 铭牌、刷漆及标识6.1 Nameplate 铭牌6.2 Painting 刷漆6.3 Marking 标识7. PACKING AND SHIPPING 包装和运输7.1 General 概述7.2 Packing and Preparation for Shipping 包装与运输准备7.3 Shipping 运输Appendix A: Tolerance for Pressure Vessels 附A：压力容器允许偏差1. GENERAL1.1 Scope1.1.1 This specification together with the engineering drawings covers the requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, inspection, testing and supply of pressure vessels used for CIBA SBR 3rd line project inZhenjiang, the People’s Republic of China.本规范及工程图纸包含对中国镇江CIBA SBR第3条线工程中使用的压力容器的材料、设计、制作、检测、试验及供应的要求。
北京化工大学研究生课程中英文对照表
Courses
Bio501
高级生物化学
Advanced Biochemistry
Bio502
现代生物技术进展
Advances in Modern Biotechnology
Bio504
分子生物学与基因操作技术
Molecular Biology and Gene Manipulation
金属材料学
Metal Materials Science
MSE512
陶瓷材料
Ceramic Materials
MSE513
电子材料
Electronic Materials
MSE514
生物材料
Biomaterials
MSE515
碳材料科学
Sciences of Carbon Materials
MSE516
Bio661
生物技术进展
Advanced Biotechnology
Bio662
现代生物化工技术
Modern Biochemical Engineering Technology
Med501
现代中药制药
Bio-pharmacy Engineering and Technology
Med502
药物制剂
MSE508
材料合成与制备（I）
Principles of Materials Synthesis and Preparation
MSE509
弹性体科学与工程
Science and Engineering of Elastomer
MSE5l0
材料导论
Engineering Materials
MSE511
压力容器设计技术进展
压力容器设计技术进展压力容器是一种用来贮存或运输高压气体、液体或气液混合物的设备，广泛应用于化工、石油、能源、食品等领域。
随着科技的发展和工程技术的进步，压力容器设计技术也在不断改进和创新，以满足更高的安全要求和应用需求。
一、材料技术进展：压力容器的材料选择非常关键，必须具备足够的强度、耐腐蚀性和耐高温性能。
近年来，随着新材料的不断涌现，压力容器的材料技术也取得了重要进展。
1.1高强度钢材：高强度钢材能够提高容器的强度和刚度，可以减少容器的重量和成本。
同时，高强度钢材还具有良好的耐腐蚀性能，可以提高容器的使用寿命。
高强度钢材的应用使得压力容器在承受高压力时更加安全可靠。
1.2复合材料：复合材料是指由两个或多个不同材料组成的材料。
相对于传统的金属材料，复合材料具有重量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀等优点。
因此，复合材料被广泛应用于压力容器中，特别在航空航天领域，以满足特殊要求和提高性能。
1.3金属陶瓷材料：金属陶瓷材料结合了金属与陶瓷的优点，具有高温强度、高温稳定性和良好的耐腐蚀性能。
金属陶瓷材料适用于高温、高压环境下的压力容器，如核电厂中的容器。
二、制造技术进展：压力容器的制造技术对容器的质量和性能起着决定性的作用。
近年来，压力容器的制造技术得到了快速发展和创新。
2.1自动化生产线：自动化生产线能够将压力容器的制造过程自动化，提高生产效率，降低人工成本。
例如，采用自动焊接设备可以提高焊接质量和速度。
2.2无损检测技术：无损检测技术是指在不破坏容器结构的情况下对其进行检测，以发现内部缺陷和隐患。
近年来，无损检测技术得到了快速发展，例如超声波检测、射线检测和磁粉检测等技术，可以提高容器的安全性和可靠性。
2.3数字化制造技术：数字化制造技术将计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助制造和计算机辅助检测等技术应用于压力容器制造过程中，实现了数字化设计、数字化制造和数字化检测。
数字化制造技术可以提高容器的精度和一致性，降低制造成本。
压力容器专业术语英语对照
专业术语英语对照1.《钢制压力容器》GB150-98 ——“Steel Pressure Vessels”2.《压力容器安全技术监察规程》——“Safety Supervision Regulation Vessels”3.《钢制压力容器焊接规程》JB/T4709-2000—“Welding Regulation of Steel Pressure Vessels”4. 容器类别——Vessels Category5. 设计压力——Design Pressure6. 工作压力——Working Pressure7. 设计温度——Working Temperature8. 工作温度——Working Temperature 9. 物料名称——Fluid Name10.物料比重——Fluid Viscosity 11.腐蚀裕度——Corrosion Allowance12.焊缝系数——Joint Efficiency13.主受压原件——Main P.P Material14.全容积——Total Volume15.换热面积——Heat Transfer Area16.搅拌转数（RPM）——Revolutions per minutes17.电动机功率（KW）——MOTOR POWER18.保温材料——Insulation Material19.油漆要求——Painting Specification20.设备净重——Weight Empty21.充满水后总重——Weight Full Water22.设备内——Inside23.夹套或盘管——Jacket or Coil24.压力试验——P.T25.压力试验压力（Mpag）——Hydrostatic Test Press26.致密性试验压力（Mpag）——Leakage Test Press27.X射线——Radiographic28.超声波——Ultrasonic29.磁粉——Magnetic Particle30.渗透——Liquid Penetration31.级——Class32.热处理要求——PWHT 检查长度——Percentage 100％33.符号—Mark 设计参数——Design Data34.公称尺寸——Size35.连接尺寸及标准——Connection Flange Standard36.连接面尺寸——Face37.管口外伸长度——Length of Nozzle设备管口表——EQUIPMENT NOZZLE SCHEDULE设备技术特性表——EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL DATA设计、制造、检验所遵循的规范和数据——Main Design Fabrication and Inspection Code &Data螺旋板换热器－plate coil exchanger plate exchange—板式换热器plate heat interchanger－板式换热器, 片式换热器。
压力容器技术进展..
压力容器技术进展北京化工大学机械工程学院CAE中心徐鸿2006-5-121.引言压力容器技术是从上个世纪初叶开始发展的一门应用技术。
这门技术的主要目标是处理好压力容器中安全与经济这对矛盾。
经过上个世纪的发展，现代压力容器技术已成为一门涉及设计、材料、制造、检验、使用和管理等多种技术领域的综合技术。
压力容器技术的发展主要取决于两方面的因素:（1）经济发展对能源和人造（合成）新材料的需要;（2）相关科学技术的发展与进步。
不是仅仅取决于单项相关科学技术的发展，而是取决于多项相关科学技术的集成，也就是说，只有各相关科学技术的协调发展才能有效地促进压力容器技术的进步。
2.压力容器的设计与安全分析计算机技术介入压力容器的设计与安全分析，使压力容器的设计与分析发生了革命性的变化。
2.1 常规设计效率大大提高（1）按常规设计规范的压力容器设计计算已有计算机软件可用，软件带有丰富的数据库，并有自动纠错功能，还可将结果直接打印成完整的设计计算书；（2）铅笔-图版-丁字尺的制图方式已被CAD技术所淘汰，CAD软件带有丰富的图形库和数据库，设计制图的效率与质量都有极大的提高。
2.2 设计的一大进展还体现在安全系数的降低上：美国 n b 由4.0降至3.5；欧洲 n b,min = 1.875；我国正在研究将 n b 降至2.6。
安全系数的降低反映了下列多方面的技术进展：结构分析水平的提高；制造技术的提高；更严格的材料技术要求；更科学的质保体系等。
2.3 分析设计能更理性地处理安全与经济这对矛盾（1）计算机和有限元分析法的发展使基于应力分析的压力容器分析设计成为可能。
比常规设计法更为理性化的分析设计法对压力容器的安全与经济这对矛盾处理得更好，可在保证容器更安全（例如，可预测容器在多种工况下的性能，使得在设计阶段就可消除将来可能发生的许多问题；可预防塑性铰失稳、塑性疲劳、棘轮效应和疲劳断裂等失效的出现）的条件下达到壁厚更薄、重量更轻、成本更低的目的；还可进行结构优化分析，使容器结构更为合理。
最新压力容器工程常用英语中英文对照[宣贯文档]
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压力容器工程规定Engineering Specification for Pressure VesselsC O N T E N T S目录1. GENERAL 概述1.1 Scope 范围1.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations 规范、标准及规章1.3 Units 单位1.4 Purchaser’s Drawing and Documents 买方图纸及文件1.5 Vendor’s Drawings and Documents 卖方图纸及文件1.6 Site Condition 现场条件2. DESIGN 设计2.1 Design Pressure 设计压力2.2 Design Temperature 设计温度2.3 Corrosion Allowances 腐蚀余度2.4 Materials 材料2.5 Loading Conditions and Strength Calculation 负荷条件及强度计算2.6 Tolerances 允许偏差3. DETAIL DESIGN 详细设计3.1 Shells and Heads 容器壁及顶3.2 Internals 内件3.3 Nozzles and Manholes 设备口及人孔3.4 Bolts, Nuts and Gaskets 螺栓、螺母及垫片3.5 Supports 支架3.6 Miscellaneous 其它4. FABRICATION 制作4.1 Plate Layout 排板4.2 Forming 成型4.3 Welding 焊接4.4 Heat Treatment 热处理5. INSPECTION AND TESTS 检测及试验6. NAMEPLATE, PAINTING AND MARKING 铭牌、刷漆及标识6.1 Nameplate 铭牌6.2 Painting 刷漆6.3 Marking 标识7. PACKING AND SHIPPING 包装和运输7.1 General 概述7.2 Packing and Preparation for Shipping 包装与运输准备7.3 Shipping 运输Appendix A: Tolerance for Pressure Vessels 附A：压力容器允许偏差1. GENERAL1.1 Scope1.1.1 This specification together with the engineering drawings covers the requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, inspection, testing and supply of pressure vessels used for CIBA SBR 3rd line project inZhenjiang, the People’s Republic of China.本规范及工程图纸包含对中国镇江CIBA SBR第3条线工程中使用的压力容器的材料、设计、制作、检测、试验及供应的要求。
压力试验报告(中英文版)
检查时间
Inspection
由(时分)至(时分)
Fromp.m top.m
压力降
Pressure drop
试验检查结果:
Test result
1.试验压力MPa，保压分钟，压力表压降。
Test pressure:Mpa, pressure maintaining:min,Pressure drop。
According to GB 150-2011 Testing Requirements for Pressure Vessel, the air test pressure is 1.15 times of operating pressure.
压力表编号：
Pressure gauge No.
压力表精度
压力试验报告
Pressure Test Report
编号NO：
工程名称：
Project
设备编号
Equipment No
设备名称：
Equipment
试验类型：
Type of test
试验标准
Testing standard
按照GB150-2011《压力容器试验要求》标准执行，空气压力试验为容器运行压力的1.15倍，水压试验为运行压力的1.5倍。
试验
test
班组
Team
质检部
QC Dept.
审批
Approved by
日期：
Precision
系统设计压力
Design pressure
试验
过程
Test
升压时间
Pressure build-up
由(时分)至(时分)
压力容器质量证明书(中英文)
热处理检验报告
Inspection Report for Heat Treatment
部件名称 部件图号 热处理方式 炉次号 试板热处理状态
热处理工艺要求
Prat Name
Part Drawing Number
Heat Treatement Heat
Type
Number
Requirement for Heat Treatment Procedure
保温温度 (℃)
Holding temperature
保温时间 (h)
降温速度 (℃/h)
冷却方式
Holding time
Temperature failling speed
Cooling type
实际热处理温度——时间记录曲线
Practic Heat Treatment Temperature-Time Record Curve
时间
Time
出炉温度 (℃)
Temperature out
温度℃
℃× h 随炉冷却
<300℃
空冷
常温
时间（h）
附：热处理温度——时间自动记录曲线图。P.S.Heat Treatment Temperature-Time Automatic Record Graph
部件名称部件图号热处理方式炉次号pratnamepartdrawingnumberheattreatementtypeheatnumber入炉温度temperaturein升温速度htemperatureraisingspeed保温温度holdingtemperature保温时间hholdingtime降温速度htemperaturefailling冷却方式时间出炉温度temperatureoutcoolingtypetime温度h随炉冷却300结论
压力容器,中英文对照.
化工设备常用词汇和缩写中英文对照缩写/ 英文/中文AB Anchor Bolt 地脚螺栓Abs Absolute 绝对的Abs Abstract 文摘、摘要A/C Account 帐、帐目AC Alternating Current 交流电Add Addendum 补充、补遗、附录ADL Acceptable Defect Level 允许的缺陷标准Adpt Adapter 连接器、接头AE Absolute Error 绝对误差AET Acoustic Emission Examination 声发射检验AISC American Institute of Steel Construction 美国钢结构学会AISI American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会AL Aluminium 铝Alk Alkaline 碱的、强碱的ALM Alarm 报警Alt Alternate 交流、改变Amb Ambient 周围的Amt Amount 数量、金额Anh Anhydrous 无水的ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准学会API American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会App Apparatus 设备App Appendix 附录、补遗Appl Applied 应用的Appl Applicable 适当的、合适的Approx Approximate 大约、近似Appx Appendix 附录、附件Arrgt Arrangement 布置AS Alloy steel 合金钢Asb Asbestos 石棉ASL Above Sea Level 海拔高度ASM American Society for Metals 美国金属学会ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师学会Assem Assembly 装配ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 美国材料试验学会Atm Atmosphere 大气atm Atmosphere pressure 大气压Auto Automatic 自动Aux Auxiliary 辅助设备、辅助的Avail Available 有效的、可用的Avg Average 平均AW Arc welding 电弧焊AW Automatic Welding 自动焊A.W.G. American Wire Gauge 美国线规AWS(AWI) American Welding Society(Institute) 美国焊接学会BAB Babbitt Metal 巴氏合金Baf Baffle 折流板、缓冲板BB Ball Bearing 滚珠轴承BC Between Centers 中心距、轴间距BC Bolt circle 螺栓中心圆BD Blow down 放空、放料BEDD Basic engineering design data 基础工程设计数据Bet Between 在…之间Bev Bevel 斜角、坡口BF Back face 背面、反面BF Blind flange 法兰盖（盲法兰）BHN Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值BL Battery Limit 界区BL Battery Line 界区线B/L Bill of Loading 载荷数据表Bld Blind 盲板Blk Black 黑色Blk Blank 空白BM Bench Mark 基准标志BM Bending Moment 弯矩B/M (BOM) Bill of Material 材料表Bot Bottom 底BP Back Pressure 背压BP Base plate 底板BR Basic Requirements 基本要求BRG Bearing 轴承BRKT Bracket 支架Brs Brass 黄铜BS Both Side 两边BS British Standard 英国标准BS Balance Sheet 平衡表Bskt Basket 筐BTU British Thermal Unit 英国热量单位BV Back View 后视图BV Butterfly Valve 碟阀BW Brine Vater 冷冻盐水BW Butt Welding 对焊BWG Birmingham Wire Gauge 伯明翰线规BWRA. British Welding Research Association 英国焊接研究协会C Centigrade(degree) 摄氏度数CA Chemical Analysis 化学分析CA Corrosion Allowance 腐蚀裕量Calc Calculate 计算Cap Capacity 能力、容量CAS Cast Alloy Steel 铸造合金钢Cat Catalyst 触媒、催化剂Catg Catalog 目录、样本C-C(C/C) Center to center 中心距cc carbon copy 复写（纸复制）本cc cubic centimeter 立方厘米CCW Counter clockwise 反时针方向CD Cold Drawn 冷拉的、冷拔的CE Covered Electrode 焊条Cent Centrifugal 离心的CF Centrifugal Force 离心力CFW Continuous Fillet Weld 连续角焊缝CG Center of Gravity 重心CH Case-Hardening 表面硬化Ch Chapter 章节Cham Chamfer 倒角、斜角、斜面Chan Channel 通道、沟槽、管箱、槽钢Chk Check 检查CI Cast Iron 铸铁CIF Cost，Insurance and Freight 到岸价格Circ Circumference 圆周、环向CL Class 等级、类别CL Center Line 中心线CL Clearance 间隙CLAS Cast Low Alloy Steel 低合金铸钢CM Center of Mass 质量中心Cnds Condensate 冷凝液CO Clean Out 清除Co Company 公司Coef Coefficient 系数Col Column 柱、塔Comb Combination 组合Comp Compare 比较Comp Compound 化合物、复合的Compn Composition 组分Conc Concrete 混凝土Conc Concentration 浓度Cond Conductor 导体Cond Condition 条件Conn Connection 联接、接口Const Constant 常数、恒定的Const Construction 结构Cont Control 控制Cont Contain 包含Cont Content 内容、含量Corp Corporation 公司Corr Corrosion 腐蚀CP Centipoise 厘泊CP Center of Pressure 压力中心Cpl Coupling 管箍Cplg Coupling 联轴节CR Chloroprene Rubber 氯丁橡胶CS Carbon Steel 碳钢CS Center Section 中心截面CSTG Casting 铸造、铸件Ctr Center 中心CW Cooling Water 冷却水CW Continuous Welding 连续焊Cy Cycle 循环Cyl Cylinder 气缸、圆筒D Density 密度Dbl Double 二倍、双DEDD Detail Engineering Design Data 详细工程设计数据Def Definition 定义Deg Degree 度、等级Dept Department 部门Des Design 设计Det Detail 详细Detn Determination 确定、决定Dev Deviation 偏差Dev Device 装置DF Design Formula 设计公式Df Deflection 偏斜Dia Diameter 直径Diag Diagram 图Dim Dimension 尺寸Dir Direction 方向Disch Discharge 排出、出口Distr Distribution 分布Div Division 部分、区分DL Dead load 静载荷、自重Doc Document 文件、资料DP Design Pressure 设计压力DP Differential Pressure 压差、分压Dr Drill 钻孔Dr Drive 驱动DW Dead weight 静重、自重DW Demineralized Water 脱盐水Dwg Drawing 图E East 东EC Elasticity Coefficient 弹性系数Ecc Eccentric 偏心EF Electric Furnace 电炉Eff Efficiency 效率eg exempli gratia 例如EHP Effective Horsepower 有效功率EJ Expansion joint 膨胀节EL Elevation 标高Elb Elbow 弯头Elec Electric 电的Elem Element 元素、元件Ellip Ellipsoidal 椭球的、椭圆的Emer、Emerg Emergency 事故、紧急Encl Enclosure 密封、封闭Engrg、Eng Engineering 工程、设计EP Explosion Proof 防爆Eq Equipment 设备Eq Equation 公式、方程式Eq Equivalent 当量ES Electrostatic 静电EST Estimate 估计ESW Electro-Slag Welding 电渣焊ET Eddy Current Examination 涡流检验etc et cetera (and so on) 等等Evap Evaporate 蒸发Ex Example 例如Ex Excess 过剩、超过Exam Examination 检验Exh Exhaust 废气、排气Exp Expansion 膨胀Exptl Experimental 实验的Ext External 外部Ext Extreme 极端的FAO Finish All Over 全部加工FAX Facsimile 传真FB Flat Bar 扁钢FCAW Flux Cored Arc Welding 熔剂芯弧焊（手工焊）Fdn Foundation 基础FDW Feed Water 给水FF Flat Face 平面F/F Field Fabricated 现场制造Fig Figure 图Fin Finish 加工、完成FL Full Load 满载Flex Flexible 挠性Flg Flange 法兰FOB Free On Board 离岸价格FOC Free Of Charge 免费Forg Forging 锻件FOS Factor Of Safety 安全系数FREQ Frequency 频率FST Forged Steel 锻钢Ft Feet 英尺Ftg Fitting 管件、装配F.V. Full Vacuum 全真空FW Fresh Water 新鲜水FW Field Weld 现场焊接FW Fillet Weld 角焊缝GA General Average 平均值Gal Gallon 加仑Gen General 一般、总的Genr Generator 发电机、发生器GF Groove Face 槽面Gl Glass 玻璃GL Ground Level 地面标高GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding 气体保护金属极电弧焊Gnd Ground 接地、地面Govt Government 政府GP General Purpose 一般用途、通用Gr Grade 等级Gr Gravity 重力Grd Ground 地面Grp Group 分组、类Gr- wt Gross weight 总重、毛重HB Brinell Hardness 布氏硬度HC Hydrocarbon 烃类HC High Capacity 大容量HD Head 压头Hex Hexagon 六角HH Hand Hole 手孔Hor Horizontal 水平、卧式hp Horsepower 马力HP High Pressure 高压HR Rockwell Hardness 洛氏硬度HR(hr) Hour 小时HRC Rockwell C Hardness C级洛氏硬度HS High Pressure Steam 高压蒸汽HS Shore Scleroscope Hardness 肖氏硬度HSC High Pressure Condensate 高压蒸汽凝液HT High Temperature 高温HT Heat Treatment 热处理HT Hydrostatic Test 水压试验HV Vickers Hardness 维氏硬度Hvy Heavy 重的、重型的HW Hot Water 热水ICW Inter Cooling Water 中间冷却水ID Inside Diameter 内径IF Interface 交接面Illus Illustration 说明、图解IN Inlet 进口in Inch 英寸incl Including 包括Ind Indicate 指示Ins Insulation 保温INSP Inspection 检验Instl Installation 安装Int Internal 内部的Int Intermediate 中间的Intmt Intermittent 间歇的、间断的I/O Input/Output 输入/输出Jt Joint 连接、接头KG Kilogram 公斤KW(kw) Kilowatt 千瓦LAS Low Alloy Steel 低合金钢lb pound 磅LC Level Control 液位控制器Leng Length 长度LF Female Face 凹面Lg Long 长的LG Level Glass 液位计LH Left Hand 左手Lin Linear 线性的Liq Liquid 液体Lj Lap joint 搭接LJ Lapped Joint 松套LM Male Face 凸面LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference 对数平均温差LN Liquid Nitrogen 液氮LN Level Normal 正常液位Lng Lining 衬里LNG Liquefied Natural Gas 液化天然气Lo Lubrication oil 润滑油Lo Low 低LOA Length Over-All 全长\总长LOC Location 位置Log Logarithm(to the base 10) 对数（以10为底）Long Longitudinal 纵向LP Low Pressure 低压LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas 液化石油气LT Low Temperature 低温LT Leak Testing 气密试验Ltd Limited 有限Ltr Letter 字母、信Lub Lubricate 润滑LW Lap Welding 搭接焊LWN Long Welding Neck 对焊长颈LWS Longitudinal Welded Seam 纵向焊缝M(m) Meter 米、公尺Mach Machine 机器Maint Maintenance 维修Mat(Mat’l) Material 材料MAWP Maximum Allowable Working Pressure 最大允许工作压力Max Maximum 最大MDMT Min. Design Metallic Temperature 最低设计金属温度Mech Mechanical 机械的Mfd Manufactured 制造的Mfr Manufacturer 制造商MG(mg) Milligram 毫克MH Manhole 人孔MI Melt Index 熔融指数MIG Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding 熔化极惰性气体保护焊Min Minimum 最小MIN(min) Minute 分钟MJG Metallic Jacketed Gasket 金属包复垫片Mk Mark 标志ml Milliliter 毫升mm Millimeter 毫米MP Medium Pressure 中压MPC Maximum Permissible Concentration 最大许用浓度MS Medium Pressure Steam 中压蒸汽MS Medium Steel 中碳钢MSL Mean Sea Level 平均海平面MT Magnetic Particle Examination 磁粉检测MTD Mean Temperature Difference 平均温差Mtd Mounted 安装、装配MTR Material Testing Report 材料试验报告MU Measurement Unit 测量单位MV Mean Value 平均值MW Mineral Wool 矿渣棉N North 北NA Not Applicable 不适用的NAT Natural 天然的Natl National 国家的NC America National Coarse Thread 美制粗牙螺纹NDT Nondestructive Testing 无损检验Neg Negative 负NF American National Fine Thread 美国细牙螺纹Nip Nipple 螺纹管接头、短节Nom Nominal 名义Nor Normal 正常NOZ Nozzle 接管NPS American Standard Straight Pipe Thread 美国标准直管螺纹NPSHA Net Positive Suction Head Available 有效汽蚀裕量NPSHR Net Positive Suction Head Required 要求汽蚀裕量NPT American Standard Taper Pipe Thread 美国标准锥管螺纹NT Net Tonnage 净吨数NTP Normal Temperature and Pressure 标准温度和压力NTS Not To Scale 不按比例Num Number 数、编号、号码Obj Object 目标、对象OC Operating Characteristic 操作特性OD Outside Diameter 外径OH Open Hearth 平炉Oper Operating 操作Opp Opposite 对面、相反OR Outside Radius 外半径OR Outside Ring 外环Orien Orientation 方位Ovhd Overhead 高架的、顶部的Oxyg Oxygen 氧P Page 页P Pressure 压力Par Parallel 平行Para Paragraph 节、段Pc Piece 件PE Polyethylene 聚乙烯PFD Process Flow Diagram 工艺流程图Perform Performance 性能PF Power Factor 功率因素PID Piping & Instruments Diagram 管道和仪表流程图Pl Plate 板Pneum Pneumatic 气、气动PO Purchase Order 订货单Port Portable 便携式、轻便Posit Positive 正Posit Position 位置ppb Parts per billion 十亿分之几ppm Parts per million 百万分之几Prod Product 产品Proj Project 项目、工程PS Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯psf Pounds per square feet 磅/平方英尺psi Pounds per square inch 磅/平方英寸PT Liquid Penetrants Examination 液体渗透检测PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯PV A Polyvinyl Acetate 聚醋酸乙烯PV AL Polyvinyl Alcohol 聚乙烯醇PVC Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatment 焊后热处理QA Quality Assurance 质量保证QC Quality Control 质量控制Qty Quantity 数量Qual Quality 质量R Radius 半径Rad Radial 径向RC Rockwell Hardness 洛氏硬度Recip Reciprocate 往复式Recirc Recirculate 再循环Recom Recommended 建议、推荐Ref Reference 参照、基准Refract Refractory 耐火材料Reg Regulator 调节器Regen Regenerator 再生器、再生塔Reinf Reinforce 加强Rel Relative 相对Rep Report 报告Rep Repeat 重复Reqd Required 要求、需要的REV Revision 修改、版次Rev Review 评论、检查Rev Revolution 旋转、转数RF Raise face 突台面RH Relative Humidity 相对湿度RH Right Hand 右手RMS Root Mean Square 均方根ROT Rotating 旋转rpm revolutions per minute 转/分rps revolutions per second 转/秒RT Radiographic Examination 射线照相检验S South 北SAW Submerged Arc Welding 埋弧焊Sc Scale 刻度、比例SC Standard Condition 标准状态（温度压力）SCH Schedule 表号、管厚号、进度Sec Second 秒Sec Section 剖面、节、段Seg Segment 节、段Sep Separator 分离器Seq Sequence 次序、顺序SG Specific Gravity 比重SHP Shaft Horsepower 轴马力SI Standard International 国际单位制Sig Signal 信号Sld Solid 固体SMAW Shield Metal Arc Welding 手工焊Smls Seamless 无缝的SO Slip on 平焊（法兰）Sol Solution 溶液SP Spare parts 备件Sp Special 特殊的、专门的SP Static pressure 静压力Spec Specification 说明、规定SpGr Specific Gravity 比重Sq Square 方形、平方SR Stress Relief 消除应力SS Stainless Steel 不锈钢Sta Station 站STD Standard 标准STDWT Standard Weight 标准重量STL Steel 钢STP Standard Temperature and Pressure 标准温度和压力Suc Suction 吸入Suppl Supplement 补充SW Shop Welding 车间焊接SW Spot Weld 点焊SW Socket Welding 承插焊（法兰）SWP Safety Working Pressure 安全工作压力SYM Symbol 符号、标志SYM Symmetry 对称SYS System 系统T Ton 吨TC Tungsten Carbide 碳化钨Tech Technique 技术TEMA Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association 管壳式换热器制造商协会（美国）Temp Temperature 温度Term Terminal 终端、接头Thk Thickness 厚度TIG Tungsten Inert Gas Arc Welding 钨极惰性气体保护焊TL Tangent line 切线Tol Tolerance 公差Tot Total 总Trans Transfer 输送器TW Total Weight 总重TW Tack Welding 定位焊Typ Typical 典型、标准UNC Unified National Coarse Thread 统一标准粗牙螺纹UNF Unified National Fine Thread 统一标准细牙螺纹US Undersize 尺寸过小UT Ultrasonic Examination 超声波探伤UTS Ultimate Tensile Strength 抗拉强度极限Vac Vacuum 真空Vap Vapor 蒸汽Var Variable 变化、变量Vel Velocity 速度Vert Vertical 垂直V ol Volume 体积VT Visual Testing 宏观（目测）检查W Watt 瓦WL Welding Line 焊缝线WL Water Line 水线WPS Welding Procedure Specification 焊接工艺规程WP Working Pressure 工作压力WRC Welding Research Committee 焊接研究委员会（美国）WS Water Supply 供水WT Weight 重量W/V Wind Velocity 风速XR X-Ray X射线Yd Yard 码YP Yield Point 屈服点Yr Year 年。
压力容器技术进展第4章
图4.9示出了激光全息照相的原理。一束 激光(波长单一)分为二束，一束通过被摄 物体后到达照相软片，另一束经棱镜折射 后也射在软片上，四束光产生干涉。软片 上产生干涉条纹(全息图)。如果被摄物体 内有缺陷，其全息图将是一些明暗相间的 图像。
用激光束照射全息图，从全息图背面沿 激光射来方向看去，就可看到再现的物像
压力容器技术进展 安全评定
8 液晶显示法 有一类液晶——胆甾醇壬酸脂液晶在不同的温度下会
显示出不同的颜色，如图4.10所示。利用此特性，可将该液晶涂抹于 金属表面上，并给金属加热。由于缺陷(内部、外部)而引起金属的密度、 比热和热传导系数不同，会使金属表面液晶的温度也不同，于是会出现 彩色图像。通过分析这些图像，即可判断出缺陷的位置、大小及种类。
压力容器技术进展 安全评定
4.2.1 压力容器安全评定中的断裂力学基础 目前压力容器的断裂安全评定规范都是建立在
断裂力学基础之上的。断裂力学是将各种缺陷简化 为规则的裂纹后而进行的力学分析。一般先将无损 探伤得到的不规则缺陷进行简化处理，将表面缺陷 表征为半椭圆形裂纹，将深埋缺陷表征为椭圆形裂 纹。不同的评定规范有不同的表征方法，具体可参 考有关资料。
压力容器技术进展 安全评定
实际上，有些缺陷的存在并不影响压力容器的安全使用， 这ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้，一个以新的工程概念，即以“合乎使用”为原则对 在役压力容器进行缺陷评定的方法发展起来了，断裂力学 即是使这种方法得以成立的理论基础，它为缺陷评定提供 了依据和手段。
这种“合乎使用”的评定方法可以对在役压力容器的现 状及未来状况进行评估和预测，判断其是否能够继续使用 及安全度如何。显而易见，这将会在安全的前提下使压力 容器的潜能得以充分发挥，从而在最大程度上减少危害与 损失，因此对在役含缺陷压力容器进行安全评定具有重要 意义。
4.6 压力容器设计技术进展——【过程设备设计】
过程设备设计第四章 压力容器设计 CHAPTER Ⅳ Design of Pressure Vessel4.6 压力容器设计技术进展14.6 压力容器设计技术进展过程设备设计4.1 概述 4.2 设计准则 4.3 常规设计 4.4 分析设计 4.5 疲劳分析 4.6 压力容器设计技术进展4.6.1 可靠性设计 4.6.2 优化设计 4.6.3 计算机辅助设计24.6 压力容器设计技术进展过程设备设计4.6 压力容器设计技术进展教学重点： 新的设计思想的介绍。
教学难点： 无。
34.6 压力容器设计技术进展4.6 压力容器设计技术进展过程设备设计简要介绍压力容器的可靠性设计 优化设计 计算机辅助设计44.6 压力容器设计技术进展4.6.1 可靠性设计过程设备设计设计参数：强度指标、零部件的尺寸、所受的载荷等。
目前设计状况：把各种参数作为确定量，忽略了由于各 种条件的变化而使这些参数发生变化的 随机因素。
导致设计的压力容器及零部件的结构尺寸偏大， 造成不必要的浪费。
54.6 压力容器设计技术进展4.6.1 可靠性设计（续）可靠性设计定义：过程设备设计设计中考虑各种随机因素的影响，将全部或部分 参数作为随机变量处理，对其进行统计分析并建立统 计模型，运用概率统计方法进行设计计算，全面描述 设计对象，使结果更符合实际情况。
特点：用概率统计方法进行设计64.6 压力容器设计技术进展 4.6.1 可靠性设计（续）可靠性设计的几个概念：过程设备设计（1） 失效可能：可靠性设计中，认为所设计的对象总存在 着一定的失效可能。
（2） 应力：施加于装置或零部件上的物理量，如各种机械 载荷、热载荷、介质特性等，所有可能引起设计对 象失效的因素，一概称之为应力。
（3） 强度或抗力：所有阻止设计对象失效的因素，即装置 或零部件能够承受这种应力的程度称为强度或抗力。
判据：应力作用效果大于强度，则设计对象失效；反之，设计对象可靠。
压力容器常见技术要求中英文对照，收藏备用，更有Word版本下载！
压力容器常见技术要求中英文对照，收藏备用，更有Word版本下载！换热器类技术要求一般要求1. 换热管的标准为____，其外径偏差为____，其壁厚偏差为____mm。
THE STANDARD OFTUBE SHALL BE____.THE ALLOWANCE OF OUTSIDE DIAMETER SHALL BE____,THE ALLOWANCEOF TUBE THICKNESS SHALL BE____mm.2. 管板密封面与壳体轴线垂直，其允差为1mm。
SEALING SURFACEOF TUBE SHEET SHALL BE SET VERTICAL TO THE AXIS. THE ALLOWANCE SHALL BE ____mm.特殊要求1. 管箱(浮头盖)组焊完毕后须进行消除应力热处理，密封面应在热处理后精加工。
AFTER ASSEMBLYWELDING OF CHANNEL, IT SHALL BE HEAT TREATED TO GET STRESS RELIEVED. THESEALING SURFACE OF FLANGE WILL BE FINISHED AFTER HEAT TREATMENT.2. 在管子和管板胀接(或焊接)前膨胀节预压缩(或预拉伸)____mm。
THE EXPANSIONJOINT SHALL BE PRECOMPRESSED(PRESTRETCHED) BY ____mm BEFORE CONNECT THE TUBES AND TUBE SHEETS BY EXPANDING(BY WELDING).3. 冷弯U形管应进行消除应力热处理。
IT SHALL BE HEATTREATED TO GET STRESS RELIEVED FOR COLD BENDING U TUBES.管板一般要求1. 管板密封面应与轴线垂直，其垂直度公差为____mm。
压力容器规范-中英译PressureEquipmentRegulations-
压力容器规范-中英译PressureEquipmentRegulations-PRODU 产品标准Pressure 承压设备GUIDAN UK 规范APRIL 2URN 05UCT STAN 准 e Equipme 备 NCE NOT 范指导须知2005 5/1074NDARDS ent TES ON T 知 THE UK R R EGULAT T IONSContents 目录Page Pressure Equipment – Essential features of the law 2承压设备- 法令的基本特征Free movement of goods 4商品的自由流通The Pressure Equipment Regulations 5承压设备规程Products affected by the Regulations 适用产品范围 5Product classification 产品分类7Technical requirements 技术要求10Conformity assessment符合性评审12Enforcement实施执行16Other legislation其他法令18 Useful information and contacts 可用信息和联系方式 19 ANNEX A- Equipment excluded from the scope of the Regulations 23附录1- 规程范围之外的设备ANNEX B- Classification charts 27附录2- 类别图ANNEX C- Product classification and conformity assessment flowchart 32附录3- 产品分类和合格评审流程图ANNEX D- Essential safety requirements 34附录4- 基本安全要求ANNEX E- Conformity assessment procedures 54附录5- 符合性评审步骤ANNEX F- Declaration of Conformity 70附录6- 符合性声明This document is intended to help suppliers of pressure equipment and enforcement authorities to understand, in general terms, the main features of the Pressure Equipment Regulations 1999 ("the PER"). It is informative and for guidance only and cannot act as a substitute for the Regulations which constitute the law. The guide has no legal authority and is not an authoritative interpretation of the Regulations, which is a matter for the Courts. You should always refer to the PER themselves for a full statement of the legal requirements and, if appropriate, seek your own independent legal advice. The PER may be revised from time to time so users should keep themselves informed. In this regard information may be obtained from the DTI's Standards and Technical Regulations Directorate.本文件意在帮助承压设备供应商和执行机构总体了解承压设备规程1999 (“PER”)的主要特点内容。
机械外文翻译文献翻译压力容器技术进展
机械外文翻译文献翻译压力容器技术进展机械专业中英文文献翻译英文原文The Achievements on the Technology of the Pressure VesselsAbstract Recently European and U.S have issued their pressure equipment codes. Especially in the pressure vessel code, The EN 13445 from European and the ASME VIII-2 2007 from U.S significantly changed the technical contents and hand out the new design model and the methods on the foundation of a grand scale research.Key Words Pressure Vessels Technology ProgressA. IntroductionNow the whole world has entered a period of economy globalization. Standard internationalization is an inexorable trend of economic globalization. The characteristics of development trend of current standard technology are as follows:1. Design method against failure mode;2. Widely application of computer technology;3. More economic construction methods;4. Technical specification which reflected comprehensiveconstructiontechnology;5. More wide application range of product specification.6. To seek national competitive capacity in international trade. B. Development in Pressure Vessel Design Technology1. Technology Development in Materials Used for Pressure VesselsIn recent years, It is obvious, that the pressure vessel productsare getting larger andlarger and with high technical references. Nowadays, the main research achievement and technical progress in pressure vessel materials are as follows: 2. Development in Design TechnologyModern structure design for pressure vessel is getting rid of the traditional concept step by step, to reflect the design concept with can satisfy technology requirement. Inthe view of failure mode, under the prerequisite of safety, actual result, safety andeconomic benefit are combined harmoniously.(1)Design Method in Accordance With Failure Mode:Synthesizing the technical standard of main industrial countries in the world, consulting the content of European standards, the international standard ISO 16528 classifies the common failure modes of boilers and pressure vessels into 3 classes and14 kinds, that clearly defines the design technical application concept against failuremodes:Short term failure modes: 机械专业中英文文献翻译Brittle fractureDuctile ruptureLeakage at joints due to excessive deformationsCrack formation or ductile tearing due to excessive local strains Instability– elastic, plastic or elastic-plasticLong term failure modes:Creep RuptureCreep - excessive deformations at mechanical joints or resulting in unacceptable transfer of loadCreep instabilityErosion, corrosionEnvironmentally assisted cracking e.g. stress corrosion cracking, hydrogeninduced cracking, etcCyclic failure modes:Progressive plastic deformationAlternating plasticityFatigue under elastic strains (medium and high cycle fatigue) or underelastic-plastic strains (low cycle fatigue)For pressure equipment standard, at least the following failure modes must be considered in definition of design criterion and methods: Brittle fractureDuctile ruptureLeakage at jointsElastic or plastic instability(2)Complicate Constitutive Relationship and StructureAlong with the rapid development of computer capacity, now the pressure vessel design technology already can solve the problems about very complicate constitutive relationship or engineering with complicate structure. such as:Materials with different specification in different direction: compositematerials, fiber winding pressure equipment;Combined structure analysis design: closed structure combined by flanges,gaskets and bolts, contact of multilaminate shells;Buckling and back buckling of complicate structure: stability analysis oflarge poles and combined structure of shell;Dynamic response of combined structure: earthquake response, piping vibration fluid inducting vibration, etc.(3) Large-Scale Numerical Value Analysis 机械专业中英文文献翻译Traditional computer aided design (CAD) has already transited into Computer aided engineering (CAE) step by step.(4) Analysis of Multi-Physical Field CouplingFor modern pressure equipment, the interaction between fluid andsolid must be solved exactly, at the same time, thermal analysis andimpact analysis are indispensable technical methods. Therefore, the following problems must be solved too:Coupling of fluid and solid: large vessels, transportation tanks, flowinginside pipingMulti phase flowing: boiler combustion, combustion and reflection of fluidized bedHeat transfer and medium: plate heat exchanger, efficiency of column plate,efficiency of distributor.Impact load: water-hammer phenomenon, impact 机械专业中英文文献翻译(5) Method to Change Safety CoefficientIn order to increase the competition of home made products, it is a universal trend forcountries and regions all over the world to decrease the safety coefficient. The US standard (ASME) and European unified standard for pressure vessels (under making) also decreased relative safety coefficient. In ASME Code Sec. VIII Div. 1 (2007edition) nb has been decreased to 3.5 from 4.0. And in ASME Code Sec. VIII Div. 2[4]been decreased to 2.4 from 3.0 . While the minimum value of (2007 edition) nb hasnb in European unified standard for pressure vessels is 1.875. In Chinese new edition of Safety Technology Supervision Rules for Pressure Vessel , safety coefficient has[5]been decreased to 2.7. from 3.0 , safety coefficient nb designed in accordance with analysis design method has been decreased to 2.4 from 2.6, the relative technical standard GB 150 and JB 4732 will be adjusted too.(6) Structure Change Due to Safety ConceptIn modern pressure vessel design, the designers have to consider not only safety and technology requirement but also environment protection and saving resources. C. Developing Trend of International Pressure Equipment Standard Technology The developing trend of international pressure equipment standard technology has the following feathers:1. Coordination between Technical Rules and Technical Standards:State technical rules are mandatory rules established by the government to guarantee the safety of pressure vessels products, products within its jurisdiction have to obey itssafety principles, while technical standards are recommended, they stipulate relativetechnical index for products quality to guarantee the safety of pressure vessels products. but the technical index stipulated by the standards must be in accordance with safety principles of the rules. Technical standards may be used to guide design,机械专业中英文文献翻译construction, inspection and acceptance of pressure vessels, theyare the platform oftechnical assessment between pressure vessel product constructionand trade. 2. Research for Basic Properties of Pressure Vessel Materials:(1) Low Temperature Impact Properties: to research the laws of materials low temperature impact properties influenced by materials size, conditions, thickness andstress state, to arise the determining method of allowed lowestdesign metal temperature (MDMT) for Chinese technical standard in accordance with the performance of Chinese materials and rules ofbreaking mechanics(2) Chart for Determining Shell Thickness of Components underExternal Pressure: to study stress-stain relationship of pressure vessel materials in common use., to establish calculating method tangential elastic modulus of materials in plastic phase,to arise charts for determining shell thickness of components under external pressure(3) Testing Technology for Materials Properties of Micro Samples: to establish testing center for micro samples, to study visual technologyfor small punch test, micro sample test as well as test process, to provide technical support for safety evaluation and life analysis of pressure vessels3. Study for Design Method of Pressure Vessels(1) Failure Mode: to study the pressure typical failure mode of pressure vessels aswell as its mechanism and criterion; to establish design rules in the base of failure mode; to guarantee intrinsic safety of pressure vessels;(2) Design Method based on Failure Mode: to arise calculation method for plastic collapse load of pressure vessels with complex structure against five main failure mode as general plastic deformation failure, increasing plastic deformation failure, outof static failure, fatigue failure and static balance failure with consideration of thermalload, mechanical load , varied load and their combination; to make known the relationship between partial failure stain and stress; arise sub-safety coefficient; toestablish design evaluation method for pressure vessels on the base of failure modes;(3) Design Method for Sealing Structure on the Base of Leakage Rate: to study design method of large diameter and high pressure, evaluation method for sealing effectiveness of sealing structure and design method for sealing structure on the baseof leakage rate.(4) Digital Design Method for Pressure Vessels without Life Limit: to establishsimulating center of pressure vessels; through study for simulationof structure and materials properties , coupling (inter-action of fluid-structure, soil-structure –fluid ),extend pressure vessel operation from normal operation to safety operation with high efficiency in its life without limit (comprehensive consideration of construction, manufacture, operation, maintain abandon); to increase creating design capacity and机械专业中英文文献翻译technical lever of pressure vessels; to decrease testing times; to speed up developmentof pressure vessels;4. Study for Key Technology of Pressure Vessel Manufacture(1) Welding: to study forecasting and control methods of residual stress; method ofdefect inspection, evaluation and control;(2) Heat Treatment: To study materials and equipments performance regulation effected by heat treatment; to establish forecasting, inspecting and evaluating methodsfor heat treatment effect, through systematic study in creating mechanism, inspecting method and decreasing method of residual stress.5. Study of Pressure Vessels Made of Special Materials(1) Pressure Vessels Made of Composite Materials: to studyproperties of composite materials，design and inspecting methods of pressure vessels made of composite materials;(2) Pressure Vessels made of special Materials: to study technologyof design, heat treatment, welding, structural optimization and quality control of pressure vessels made of special materials, such as biphase stainless steel, nickel base alloy, zirconium, stainless steel with nitrogen, etc.6. Pressure Vessels Inspection Based on Failure Mode(1) Study Forecasting and Inspecting Methods for complex fluid corrosion of High Temperature and High Pressure Vessels: mechanism and forecasting method of for complex fluid corrosion of High Temperatureand High Pressure Vessels; live diagnosis and supervision of fluid corrosion; optimization technology of periodic inspection based on forecasting of fluid corrosion(2)To Study degrading process, regulation, mechanism and inspectionof materials servicing under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, multi- phase fluid Materials, neutron irradiation etc as well as its life forecasting technology.7. To study further technical index of Chinese materials, design calculation methods, manufacture and inspection requirements, especially for accumulation and contrast ofbasic properties. To win standards international mutual recognition.机械专业中英文文献翻译中文译文压力容器技术进展机械专业中英文文献翻译摘要:近期欧洲和美国相继颁布了新的承压设备标准，特别是在压力容器领域，欧洲的EN13445[1]和美国的ASME VIII-22007[2]全面整理和改编了原有的技术内容，在大规模研究的基础上提出了全新的压力容器建造理念和设计方法。
压力容器技术装备的新进展_一_
2) 激光切割效率高 。以 1mm 的铝板为例 , 切割 速度可达 40 m/min 。高效率使得单件加工成本成几
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图 4 数控水力切割机外形
3) 无需刀具和模具 。在计算机控制下 , 可直接 实现二维 、三维任意形状的板和壳体类柔性加工 ,特 别适用于新产品研制开发阶段的多品种 、小批量的 钣金类零件的加工 ,可省去费用很高的模具设计 、制 造费 ,极大地减少生产时间 。
压力容器制造的主要工序是下料 、成型加工 、焊 接 、热处理 、检验和检测 、试验 、油漆 、包装 、运输等 。
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这些工序所需工艺装备在近几年都有很大的发展变 化 。本文就此情况分别叙述如下 ,供同行商榷 。
2 下料切割设备
压力容器材料费占总价格的 50 %～70 % , 所以 如何节省原材料 ,减少下料后的边角料 ,提高下料精 度是制造者关心的首要问题 。
使用 。
～210 mm。与火焰及等离子切割相比 , 碎末少 , 切
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© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
CPVT 压力容器技术装备的新进展 (一) Vol21.No62004
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6～150 60 5～50 等离子
3000
— ditto
切割机
35
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中国 无锡
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数控火焰/ 等离子龙 门移动式 4
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火焰 200 等离子 10
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压力容器外文文件
PRESSURE VESSELS压力容器David RoylanceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering材料科学工程部门Massachusetts Institute of Technology麻省理工学院Cambridge, MA 02139剑桥硕士02139August 23, 20012001年八月二十三日Introduction介绍A good deal of the Mechanics of Materials can be introduced entirely within the confines ofuniaxially stressed structural elements, and this was the goal of the previous modules.在单向的压力结构元素范围内，大量的材料力学可以被使用。
这也是较早的模块目标。
But ofcourse the real world is three-dimensional, and we need to extend these concepts accordingly.但是当然，真正的世界是三维的。
因此我们需要去增加这些概念。
We now take the next step, and consider those structures in which the loading is still simple, butwhere the stresses and strains now require a second dimension for their description.我们现在开始下一步，考虑这些载荷的中的结构依然很简单。
但是压力和拉应力现在需要一个二维描述。
Both fortheir value in demonstrating two-dimensional effects and also for their practical use in mechanicaldesign, we turn to a slightly more complicated structural type: the thin-walled pressure vessel.对于他们在二维演示中的效果和在机械实际中使用的实用性，我们转变成一个一个稍微复杂点的结构类型;包庇压力容器。