航海英语听力第三版口述题
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Chapter 3之有琴礁磷创作
口述
1. Describe the responsibilities as a watch officer while the ship is at anchor
A. While at anchor, the watch officer must check anchor frequently and keep a sharp lookout for other vessels’position relative to his in the vicinity, and use radar during low visibility condition to determine if the ship is dragging anchor.
B.If dragging, alert everyone and act. The emergency actions include the following:
1. Turn on the radar, the GPS and VHF channel 16, the electronics
(depth sounder, wind instruments, and boat speed indicator).
2. Check ground tackle.
3.Get some fenders ready for use.
4. Standby engine.
5. Steer out of anchorage, if necessary.
C.The watch officer must keep close anchor watch, particularly in bad weather situations or at the periods of maximum current.
2. Describe the proper way of using VHF
A.First you will pick up the receiver, set the calling channel, press the button on the receiver handle and speak. If the channel is not chosen when VHF is turned on, it will automatically turn to channel 16.
B.VHF should be used correctly and properly, and according to the
Radio Regulations the following should be avoided:
1)Non-essential transmissions.
2)Transmitting without correct identification.
3)Use of offensive language etc.
C..You must remember that Channel 16 is publicly used for calling by all the relative parties. If there is an emergency, all other uses of channel 16 must stop. Before calling on channel 16 you should make a careful check that no Mayday emergency exists.
3. Describe the procedures before arrival at a port.
Before arrival at a port, every department should do the preparatory work for entering port.
A.For the bridge, relative persons must be arranged to check and test the navigation equipment, emergency equipment, anchor and steering gear etc. Autopilot should be changed to manual pilot, and a listening watch should kept on VHF channel 16.
B.For the engine room, everything must also be well prepared for standing by engine.
C.The deck crewmembers should stand by anchor, get all necessary lines ready for berthing, get ready for the pilot ladder and life buoy for the pilot’s safe embarkation and hoist the flags and signals as required.
4. Describe the procedures before leaving a port
A.Before leaving a port, the duty officer, together with the duty engineer, should check the ship’s bell and test the steering gear,
and make entry in the logbook. Test and switch on the navigation equipment such as radar, GPS VHF, etc..
B. For the engine room, stand by engine, then inform the bridge.
C.The relative crewmember on deck should get the gangway in position and secure it properly and get everything ready for leaving the port.
5. Describe the procedures of pilotage
A.Before arrival at a port, you should contact the pilot station directly or through your agent in advance, making sure about the embarking time and embarkation place of the pilot.
B.You should prepare the pilot ladder or gangway and take some safety measures. Get the throwing line and life buoy ready and put them beside the pilot ladder, and ensure to have sufficient lights at night
C. When the pilot arrives at the boarding place, you will make a lee side for the pilot boat. The duty officer should wait for receiving the pilot on board. The captain should tel l the ship’s particulars to the pilot.
Chapter 4
口述题
1.Describe the procedures of carrying dangerous cargo on board.
No person may offer or accept dangerous goods for transport unless those goods are properly classified, packed, marked, labeled, described and certified on a transport document. A.Generally, the
following information must be provided for the carrier: the cargo’s technical name, packing, classes, UN No., tons to be loaded, stowage factor, country of production, country of destination, notices on loading, cautions to be paid when loading and discharging, etc.B.During the voyage, we should keep them far away from the living area and the engine room and keep them well ventilated. C.We should also give them all the immediate treatment if leakage is found.
2.Describe the precautions before entering an enclosed space.
A. The enclosed area may be lack of oxygen or contains toxic gases, people into it may be faced risk of being smothered.
B.The following factors should be taken into consideration before we enter an enclosed space: 1) first of all, open all the relevant doors for sufficient and effective ventilation. 2) Secondly, take enough light appliances. 3) When entered, arrange enough hands standby for assistance and the chief office should be on the spot if necessary.
C.Put on the breathing apparatus in case there is any toxic gas inside.
3.Describe the procedures of cargo stowage.
Cargo stowage is the most important factor to ensure the safety of the ship and cargo. One of the most important responsibilities of the chief officer is to ensure the cargo being properly loaded and stowed. A.Before loading, the chief officer should acquire necessary information on the nature, mass and stowage factor of the individual
cargo. Where large items of cargoes are concerned, information on the dimensions of the cargo is required. B. The chief officer will use this information to make out the cargo plan to ensure adequate stability at all stages of the voyage. The cargo plan mustensure the cargoes are stowed properly to prevent list and trim.
C. During cargo stowing process, if the crew or stevedores find anything improper in the stowage plan, it should be modified in time.
4. Describe the actions to be taken in case of an oil spill on board.
The following measures shall be taken in case of oil spill on board: A. First of all, all the relevant operations shall be stopped immediately. 2) Secondly, report to the bridge and sound the oil spill alarm. B. All the crew members should reach the spot with the appropriate tools and materials and get rid of the oil spill according to their respective duties. C. If oil spill causes the pollution to the nearby waters, lifeboats should be launched and oil clearance operation shall be done by the seamen. Meanwhile, the harbor authorities concerned should be informed for necessary assistance.
5. Describe how to ensure a proper stowage for general cargo.
A.Cargo stowage is the most important factor to ensure the safety of the ship and cargo.One of the most important responsibilities of the first mate is to make sure that cargo will be properly loaded and stowed. Before loading the cargo to be carried, the chief officer
should acquire necessary information on the nature, mass and stowage factor of the individual cargo. The chief officer will use this information to make out the cargo plan in order to make sure adequate stability at all stages of the voyage. The stevedoresshould load and stow cargo in accordance withthe stowage plan prepared by the chief officer.B. In addition to what is mentioned above, general cargo should be carefully stowed in case any space lost and all the cargo should be secured properly to prevent cargo shifting during the voyage.
Chapter 5
口述题
1. Describe the duties of watch-keeping when underway.
The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall:
A.1) keep the watch on the bridge.2)n no circumstances leave the bridge until properly relieved3) continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of the ship, despite the presence of the master on the bridge, until informed specifically that the master has assumed that responsibility and this is mutually understood. 4) notify the master when in any doubt as to what action to take in the interest of safety.
B.During the watch the course steered, position and speed shall be checked at sufficiently frequentintervals, using any available navigational aids necessary, to ensure that the ship follows the planed course.
C.The officeronwatch shall have full knowledge of the safety and navigational equipment on board and make effective use of them. A proper lookout and security watch shall be kept and a record shall be maintained.
2. Describe the bridge shift change.
A.Theofficeron watch shall not hand over the watch to the relievingofficer if there is reason to believe that the latter is not capable of carrying out the watch-keeping duties effectively, in which case the master shall be notified; the relievedofficer shall ensure the relievingofficeris fully capable of performing the duty, particularly as regards theiradjustment to night vision; the reliving officer shall not take over the watch until his vision is fully adjusted to the light condition.
B.Prior to taking over the watch relievingofficers shall satisfythemselves as to the ship’s estimated or true position and confirm its intended track, course and speed, and UMS controls as appropriate and shall note any dangers to navigation expected to be encountered during their watch.
C.If at any time the officer in charge of bridge watch is to be relieved when a manoeuvre or other action to avoid any hazard is taking place, the relief of that officer shall be deferred until such action has been completed.
3. Describe the differences betweennavigating in a narrow channel and in a trafficseparation scheme.
A. A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable.
B.A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane and so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone.
C.Navigating in narrow channel requires great skill. Since it might be crowded with heavy traffic, a sharp look-out shall always be kept. Before entering the narrow channel, duty officer shall familiarize themselves by consulting relevant sailing directions and other nautical publications.
In all while navigating in traffic separation scheme, we have to proceed in the proper lane, because the traffic lane is adopted by IMO and is compulsory for vessel to proceed.
4. Describe advantages of various tools or technologies for proper lookout.
A.If radar is fitted and operational, we can obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects. Though it is very efficient, it does have such limitations as: 1) the constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use; 2) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected; 3) the effect
on radar of sea state, weather and other sources of interference, etc.
B. The visual lookout has the following advantages: It is reliable and sensitive to color. It is easy to assess heading and identify small targets. The visual lookout is able to see light configurations, figure out types of ship, identify flashing lights, see changing weather patterns, and see effect of sea on vessel…etc.
C.The working of Radar or other apparatus does not relieve the watch officers of his duty to maintain a proper lookout at all time. Mariners cannot depend on machines too much. Lookout (bridge watch) is always very important, especially in some passages, inside the port and in some dangerous areas. Delayed actions will possibly give rise to big accidents.
5. Describe the preparations to be done by the Deck Department prior to arrival.
A. Prior to arrival, the deck department shall check and test all navigation aids, windlass and winches. Together with engine department test the emergency steering gear and main engine. Make everything ready for cargo handling. Prepare signal lights and national flags as local authority registered.
B.Deck department shall prepare hawsers for mooring and pilot ladder for pilot embarkation. Get ready for the joint inspection from the immigration, the Customs and the quarantineoffice.
Chapter6
口述题
1. Describe the formalities before carrying out a ship’s repair
A.Carrying out the ship’s repair is to ensure the safety of
equipment and ship itself to avoid accidents and improve the ship’s productivity.
B.Before the ship repair begins, various formalities must be
completed such as pipe plan, general arrangement plan, capacity plan, and ship’s drawing, etc. And the items to be repaired must be determined and ships documents concerned must be got ready.
C.During and after the repair, special attention must be paid to
the quality of all the repaired items to see whether they are up to the required standards.
2. Describe the procedures of hull maintenance.
The hull is to be maintained according to the annual maintenance plan in the company as per the ISM Code. It’s very
important to safeguard the safety of navigation.
A.The person concerned is to inspect the extent of corrosion and makes decision in choosing the proper tools for
different deficiencies and measures to be taken. Besides, person in charge of the maintenance is to be appointed.
B.The rusty part must be sandblasted, painted, cut and welded, if necessary, mostly over the shell plate above the
water.
C.Cautions shall be taken when carrying out the hull maintenance, e.g. putting on life jackets, helmet and other
safety measures for outboard operation. Finally, remember to enter relevant records.
3. Describe the procedures of an overhaul for navigational aids.
A.Navigational aids are critical in safeguarding the life and property at sea, which should be inspected or overhauled periodically.
B.Generally, radar, VHF, GPS, GMDSS, echo sounder, etc. are to be checked and overhauled whenever necessary by qualified technicians.
C. When undergoing the overhaul, the technician should be assisted by a crewmember and the procedure must strictly comply with the Manual and the notice of the aids being overhauled is to be posted.
4. Describe the procedures of carrying out the maintenance of riggings.
A.Before the rigging maintenance, count and check all the
riggings and arrange them out on deck. Get the tools ready accordingly.
B.Grease, measure, derust, clean or renew the riggings if
necessary. Upon completion of maintenance put them in place and test after reassembling and replacing them well. Records are to be kept as well.
C. Protective work is to be done, such as putting on the gloves,
protective suits, helmet, goggles, etc.
Chapter7
口述题:
1.Describe the procedures in handling fire on board.
The procedures in handling fire on board are as follows:A. 1) Report to the bridge about the fire and the bridge will sound the alarm 2) All the crew should muster at their stations. 3) Cut off the oil supply and the power, close/secure all the ventilation and outlets, and separate the inflammable materials.4) Firemen should detect the source of the fire. If the fire takes place in the engine room, evacuate the engine room first, then release CO2 firefighting system.
B. After extinguishing the fire, fully ventilate the site and send out the watchman. 7) If the fire takes place in the cargo holds, all the holds concerned can not be opened until the vessel gets alongside.
C.I’m a member of …, my duty is …
2. Describe the emergency procedures in handling ship-borne oil pollution.
The emergency procedures in handling ship-borne oil pollution are as follows:
A.1)、2)和3)与上题一样.
B. 1) The crew should be divided into four groups. Group one is for communication and commanding. Group two is to collect the oil spillage. Group three is in charge of the engine room. Group four is responsible for the rescue. 2) Cut off the oil supply, and the captain needs to report according to SOPEP to the authorities concerned. 3) Try to repair the leakage
fracture/crack. 7) Plug the scuppers and use saw dust or sponge or other oil pollution preventing means to collect the oil. If necessary, the 3rd officer should get the lifeboat ready.C. I’m a member of Group Two. My duty is to collect the oil spillage.
3. Describe briefly one of the cases that you have experienced or heard of as to collision,fire, flooding, or grounding.
可参考第一题组织回答
4. Describe the procedures in re-floating ship aground.
A. The vessel may be aground full length, with the bow in or stern in…ect.
B. 1) Wait for the high water torefloat her if the vessel is aground full length.2) Rearrange/adjust the ballast and bunker or deballast, if the vessel takes aground with the bow in, transfer the cargo afterwards, and vice versa. 3) reverse engine. 4) If you cannot refloat the ship by your own means, ask for the assistance from tugs or jettison the cargo.
C.Special attention should be paid to refloat the ship, for instance, to make sure whether there is any leakage, if any, take some blocking measures. While taking measures you should report the grounding to the authority concerned and ship owner, and make entries in detail in log book as well.
5. Describe the procedures in handling cargo damage.
A.During cargo handling operation, cargo damage often happens, such as bagged cargo holed by hooks, case smashed, barrel deformed etc. In most cases, these damages are caused by stevedores.
B.1) If cargo damage is found in holds, Chief officer will have the damaged
cargo put aside and calculate the quantity or the weight of it in bag or in bulk , and then the Chief office will take up matter with the parties concerned. 2) If any disputes arise from the figures or quantities of damaged cargo, Chief officer will ask the agent to arrange with a cargo surveyor and the tallyman to check up the damage together, and find out the causes of the damage and decide who will take responsibility of it. 3) In case that the damage is caused by the improper loading, the chief officer will put a remark into the mate’s receipt, and the stevedoring company should be held responsible for it; 4) if it is caused by inadequate packing of the cargo, Chief Officer will also put a remark in the Mate’s Receipt. In this case, the shipper will be responsible for the damage. C.If the cargo damage is caused by other reasons, Chief Officer will report to ship-owner, waiting for further instructions.
Chapter 8
口述题
1.Describe fire precautions on board.
A.Fire protection equipment on board are usually as follow: fire mains, extinguishers, fire detectors, fire alarms, fire doors, firemen’s outfit and the communication equipment etc. They should be checked and maintained regularly.Smoking is restricted. Preventive measures should be taken when working with naked fire.
B.According to the SOLAS, the fire-fighting drill should be carried out once a month under the command of master. C/O is in charge of it
on the spot. If the engine room is on fire, the chief engineer is the spot commander. The procedures of a fire drill are: Sound the alarm. All the crew members at their station within 2 minutes. Carry out fire fighting. After that, the spot commander reports to the master. At the end of the drill, /O will make some entries in the logbook accordingly.
C.The purpose of the fire drill is to check the crew’s r esponses, ability and skills for fighting against fires.
2. Describe damage control on board.
A. The crew should check, at regular intervals, the repairing equipment, devices and materials, such as collision mat, pumps, fenders, etc. Whenever there were any deficiencies, the crew should rectify or renew them.
B.Damage control should be taken orderly. For example, if the ship had a collision resulting in flooding, the captain should inform the engine room to stop the engine and order the fighting team to detect the leak spot, ascertain the extent, and then do blocking with collision mats.Sometimes, if in the harbor and necessary,ask the assistance of divers. Pump out the flooding as well.If the leakage was out of control, the captain should inform the authority concernedfor assistance and report to the ship owner and prepare the abandoning procedures.
C.When the ship is under control, reduce her speed and keep sharp lookout, and entries shall be made in the logbook.
3.Describe the measures taken on board if aground.
A. When aground, 1) First, sound the depth of water around the ship, and locate the part aground, then sound relative tanks to confirm whether there is any leakage, if any, take some blocking measures accordingly.
B.If the ship is aground full length, wait for tide rising to refloat her ; If aground with bow in, transfer the cargo or bunker or ballast water afterwards, and vice versa. 4) If shestill ca n’t refloat by the above measures, ask for tug assistance or jettison some cargoes.
C.While taking measures, report the grounding to the authority concerned and ship owner, and make entries in detail in logbook as well.
4. Describe the measures to be taken on board if on fire.
If there is a fire on board(see chapter 7 No.1)
Chapter 9
1. Describe the procedures of search and rescue operations.
A.There are several ways for vessel in distress to transmit distress alerts. The vessel in distress may transmit distress alerts by radio equipments or through INMARSAT A or C, or by EPIR
B.
B.When receiving a distress alert from other vessel, my vessel should do like the following:
① Transmit message of acknowledgement and Mayday relay.
② Advise the vessel in distress of the intent of my vessel.
③ Keep a listening watch on communication frequency VHF channel 16.
④ Maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all
other available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances.
C.hich pattern should be chosen depends on the situation.
2. Describe the responses when a person falls overboard.
A.When anybody on board is found overboard, the officer on board should take effective measures to try to
save the man overboard. Sound the alarm, stop engine and steer hard helm to the same side on which the man falls overboard, arrange for someone to keep the man overboard in sight, notify the master and stand by engine.
B.The rescue ship should take maneuverings like: single turning, double turning, Williamson turning or Scharnow turning.
C. During the above operation, pay attention to the following:
The single or double turning can be taken when the man overboard is found at early time and is kept in sight.
Williamson turning may be carried out on condition that the man overboard is found timely and is not clearly in sight.
Scharnow turning can be used when the man overboard is lost at sea.
3. Describe briefly the GMDSS.
A. GMDSS is the short form for Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. Its main objectives are: To satisfy the need of search and rescue andto satisfy the need of communication at sea.
B.GMDSS includes NAVTEX, EPIRB, DSC, NBDP, INMARSAT A, B, C, F and other equipment.
C.The main function of GMDSS is to provide emergency and safety
communication and to broadcast safety information at sea.
4. Describe briefly the DSC distress alert.
A. DSC is short form of digital selective calling, used to carry out distress alert and distress watch. It takes the place of the function of 500 KHZ and 2182 KHZ distress alert and distress watch and increases the possibility of distress alert being received successfully.
B.The DSC equipment is equipped with VHF CH70, DSC watching machine and MF/HF according to vessel’s sailing area. The DSC watching machine is keeping a 24 hours watch.
C. The DSC distress alert can carry out distress alert from ship to ship, ship to shore and shore to ship at any sea area.
Chapter 10
口述题
1-4 参考短文部分, see book’s listening passages
5. A.Before entering the lifeboat, you should check the condition of it and you should make sure the lifeboat is in good working order. Then detach the hook of boat, the lashing rope, release the rope. Take off the brake on davit, operate the davit. Lower embarkation ladders, check the crew member’s life jackets, take care of the embarking action. B.All crew members go down to the boat one by one. Operate the remote control rope in boat and release the brake and remote control rope when the boat is lowered to water surface.
C.Operate the handle of automatic disengaging gear in boat, detach
the rope from the boat. Start the boat engine, drive the boat from the ship quickly. You should check the boat’s surrounding and the position of the boat.
Operation for liferaft:
A.Release the disengaging gear of hydrostatic release unit. Manage the raft davit if any in launching condition. Launch the raft, pull the inflating line to open the gas cylinder valve, then the liferaft is inflated automatically.Re-right the raft.
B.Lower embarkation ladders, check the crew member’s life jackets, take care of the embarking action. Untie the painter, drive the raft from the ship. Cast sea anchor to control the speed of drifting raft.
C.Pay special attention to raft’s surroundings and position.
6. When the emergency signals are sounded, all crew members have to go to their assembly station.A. Items to be taken: water, food, axes, and other necessary equipment. B.Put on your lifejackets and check the life jacket fittings and belongings. C.Start the davit motor. Ready for lowering the boat. Detach the fore(aft) side hook. Take off the fore(aft) boat nest. In boat, control the fore(aft) fall. Send out fore(aft)rope and guy, Detach the fore(aft) hook.. take the life buoy to the boat, put on boat plug and get ready the fender and the buoy. Make fast the for (aft) rope, lay out the embarkation ladder. All crew members go down to the boat one by one.
Chapter 11
口述题
1. Please say something about PortState Control.
The PSC inspectors may come on board a vessel unexpectedly when berthed. A. The boarding party for the inspection is usually made up of 2or 3 officers. The order of the inspection is usually as below: various certificates of the ship, charts and nautical publications, navigation equipment, life-saving and fire-fighting equipment, and so on.B.If any deficiencies are found, the master shall make great effort s to rectify all the deficiencies before ship’s departure and improve the ship’s condition in case of being detained. C. Person concerned should cooperate well with the PSCOs and answer them clearly.
2. Please describe the preparatory work or the daily maintenance work to do before a PSC inspection.
A. I am a third officer and I’m responsible for fire-fighting and life-saving equipments.Everyday I…
B. Before PSC inspection, all crew members should make preparatory work for their own duty, e.g. …and carry out the drills at regular intervals to improve their capability in fire fighting and life saving.
C. Some successful experience( last voyage when we are in Hangkong I prepared everything well and make good maintenance for the equipment I am in charging of and passed through the PSC inspection satisfactorily)
3. Please tell a story of your success in passing through PSC inspection:
A.Before coming on board, the PSCO will usually check the vessel’s
outside appearance and know something about the vessel’s maintenance, personnel on duty, etc. and thus have an impression of the vessel. During the inspection of the vessel’s certificates, documents or during the process of inquiring the crew, the PSCO will try to find any evident proof that anybody on board is not familiar with ship’ s safety and pollution prevention. If there is any, the PSCO will have a much more detailed inspection.
B. We do according to …
C.On my last voyage, in order to pass through the PSC inspection successfully, first of all, we tried to keep the vessel well maintained at all time. Secondly, before the arrival at a port, we prepared for the inspection carefully and got all the things needed ready for inspection. Every crew member got familiar with their own duty and liability. Thirdly, when the PSCO coming on board, every one on board was polite and talked with the PSCO fluently.
By this way, we passed through the PSC inspection successfully.
4. Make a comparison between different ports in different states. PSC inspections are conducted to ensure that foreign ships are seaworthy, do not pose a pollution risk, provide a healthy and safe working environment and comply with relevant international conventions.
PSC inspections may include, but is not limited to, checks of documents, certificates, man uals, the vessel’s structural integrity, machinery, navigation, pollution prevention, engineering and safety。