新概念英语第二册语法精讲-Lesson33

新概念英语二-----------------LESSON 33重点词组：
be able to 能
happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上set out from 从……出发
towards evening 天快黑的时候jump into 跳进
swim to 游向during that time 在那期间a distance of 相距
high up 在高处
on the cliff 在悬崖峭壁上struggle up 挣扎向上wake up 醒来
语法点:
1.pass&past
a. pass作动词意为经过，通过，（时间）过去，过去式为passed，过去分词为passed.
You passed me without even noticing me！你从我身边经过时居然没注意到我！
l have passed my French test.我法语考试通过了。

A month has passed since l left home.我离开家已一个月了。

b. past作形容词时表示以前的，过去的
Many things happened in the post week.过去的这一周内发生了许多事。

Frank is proud of his past experiences. Frank为自己以往的经历感到自豪。

作介词时它表示经过或超出（范围等）
He has just walked past me.他刚从我身边走过去。

His words are past my understanding.我不懂他的话。

作名词时它表示"过去"、"昔时"或"往事"等
Can you tell me something about your past？您能给我讲讲您过去的一些事吗？
2.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.
a. 这句话有两个从句。

before直到结尾做时间状语从句。

在这个从句中，explain后是宾语从句，
what为这个从句的主语。

b. before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为在……之前
It will be months before he can come back.要过好几个月他才能回来。

He ran off before his mother could stop him.他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

3.One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
a. set out表示出发，set out from表示从……出发
b. be caught in表示某人突然遇到风暴等
He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.他在回家途中遇到了大雨。

4.Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.
介词after的宾语是动名词spending及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在意义上等于after
she had spent the whole nightin the water.
5.During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.
a. that time指上句话中提到的the whole night
b. cover可以表示行过（一段路程），译为走过，飞过，游过等
The bird covered the distance in three minutes. 这只鸟用3分钟飞完了全程。

c. 表示具体的距离可以用a distance of+具体长度这个结构
6.high up on the cliffs
up为形容词，表示在上面的，高高的，在较高处的，high为副词，修饰up.
7.On arriving at the shore，the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.
a. on+动名词，相当于as soon as或when引导的时间状语从句
On reaching the airport，he was arrested by the police.他一到机场就被警察逮捕了。

b. she had seen为the light的定语从句，关系代词that/which省略了。

c. up在此处为介词，表示沿……上
8. That was all she remembered.
that指代前文描述的内容，she remembered做all的定语，关系代词that被省略了。

重点语法------小品词：用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词
a. 表示"上"、"下"的两对小品词是on和off，up和down
Jim's standing on the roof. I hope he won't fall off. Jim正站在房顶上。

我希望他不会掉下来。

Tom's climbing up the tree. I hope he won't fall down. Tom正在爬树。

我希望他不要摔倒。

b. 表示"来"、“去"的是from和to, towards的意义与to相近，表示朝, 向, 接近等, for在有些动词后面也表示往, 向的意思
He came from Moscow. He's going to New York. 他从莫斯科来。

他将要去纽约。

The plane flies from Moscow to New York. 这架飞机从莫斯科飞往纽约。

He went towards the shop quickly.他快速地向商店走去。

He went for home.他回家了。

He left for New York yesterday.他昨天动身去纽约了。

c. 表示进去, 出来into和out of, 表示在某个地方或在……里面/外面可用at，in，out of等，表示目的地或位置往往用at
When did you come into the restaurant？你什么时候进的餐馆？
You weren't in the restaurant when I come in.我进来的时候你不在餐馆。

We ran out of the house.我们从屋里跑了出来。

We arrived in the country on Sunday.星期天我们到达乡下。

（范围大时用in）
d. 表示穿过，越过，绕过等动作时，往往用through，across，under，over，round等介词。