人教英语必修三抢分教程课件：Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars-

Section Grammar & Writing
语法精讲・技能培养
. X
主语从句O语法图解
主语从句
■ 一、定义
■在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。

■What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed aroundthe- world trip.
■让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。

■It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
■II ZZ._IS l-QA
■二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功
1.连接词that 和whether/if
(l)that在从句中不充当任何句子成 ,糸身无任何意义，只起连接作用但不可省
略。

That she survived the accident is a miracle i i ' * ■她在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹
■(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”
,不可省略。

■Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
■= It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。

■［名师点津］whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需
I I I• /A—TT-Z XT-
■2•连接代词(who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever,
whatever等)
■连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

■Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
-无论你I'])谁先到都可以得奖。

■Who will go to the concert is not known.
■不知道谁会去听音乐会。

■ Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
-无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。

■［名师点津］who引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人"。

■3.连接畐I」词(when, where, how, why 等)
■连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。

■How this happened is not clear to anyone.
■这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

■When we will have a meeting is an important question.
-我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题
■［名师点津］名词性从句弓I导词的确定步骤：
■ (1)分析句式结构,明确名词性从句在句中的功能；
-(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义
■ (3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；
■⑷确定从句的引导词。

■［即时演练］
■2.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空■①_______ it was done was a mystery.
■②_______ John was late for the class has been unexplained.
■(3) _______ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
■答案①How ②Why ③Which
■④_____________ the English evening
will be held has not yet been decided.
■⑤_______ surprises me most is that he is too proud.
■⑥_______ is interested in the activity can sign your names.
■答案@Where/When ⑤ What
©Whoever
■三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构■l.It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, strange, etc.) + 主语从句
■It is important that he should know about this.
-他应该知道此事是重要的。

■［名师点津］在Tt + be +形容词+ 主语从句”结构中,若形奁词为、
important/necessary/strange^ ,主语从471 rhSnEPR 人小”
■ 2.1t+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.) + 主语从句
■It' s a pity that he didn' t come.
■很遗憾他没来。

■ 3.1t+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, proved, etc.) + 主语从句
■It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
■［名师点津］在Tt + be +过去分词 +主语从句”结构中,过去分词若为
suggested/ordered/required/ advised等, 主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。

■ 4.1t+不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, remain, etc.) + 主语从句
■It seems that it is going to rain.
■看起来好像要下雨。

■ 5.1t+及物动词+宾语+主语从句
■［即时演练］
■ 3.(1)补全句子
■①that you can' t attend my birthday party ・
■很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。

■②that the old
man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest.
■建议这位老人到乡村休息一下O
■答案⑴①It' s a pity ②It' s siiipppsitpd
■③_____________ you disagree with
the plan.
■你好像不赞成这个计划。

■④It is
doubtful _________________________ ■她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。

■⑤_________________ the harvest was bad that year.
■碰巧那年收成不好。

■ 签室sippms; that ④whether
■(2)句型转换(每空一词)
■①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
_______ he suddenly fell ill last month.
■ ©Whether they will sell the house hasn" t been yet decided.
they will sell the house.
■ 答案①It surprised us that ②It ，4-Z-V /J Z-V V *W T 4-▼ ▼ T l-X
■③That light travels in straight lines is
known to us all.
_______ light travels in straight lines. ■ 答案③It is known to us all that
■四、主语从句中应注意的问题
-1•从句要用陈述语序
■What we will do next should be decided.
-应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么
O
■2.主谓一致
■(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。

■Where he will get a job after pradnatian has; nnzzlpd him much
■［名师点津］what引导主语从句时/看时主句谓语动词应吕主旬中作表语的名词保持一致。

■ What the school needs most are books.
■这所学校最需要的是书。

■(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上
的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。

；
■When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
■他们将在什么时候动身以及要去D那里还没定下来。

■When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.
■这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。

■［即时演练］
-4.用所给词的适当形式填空(9
■①What surprised me
most _______ (be) that the man in rags was a millionaire.
■②What he needs most _______ (be) money.
■③When and where the football match will be held ________________ (decide) already.
■ ©That the coal workers are still
O典例示范
■［典例1 ］Every year,
_______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
■［解析］考查主语从句连接词的选
择。

句意：每年/在风筝节上风筝做
得最漂兄的人会赢得奖品。

whoever “ 无卑
谁”’表泛指”在句中作主语” 相当于any one who c
■［典例2］ _______ Li Bai, a great
Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won' t accept it.
■［解析］句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人,出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。

“______________________________ _Li Bai,
a great Chinese poet, was bom” 为主语从句。

该从句缺少地点状语,故答案为Whew。

■［答案］Where
■［典例3］Exactly ________ t he potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
■［解析］句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565 年左右。

分析句子结构可知,设空处为主语从句的引导词/从aTOund 1565 判断，这里指时间，故填when。

■［答案］when
■［典例4］I think ________ impresses
me about his painting is the colours he uses.
■［解析］句意：我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。

分析句子结构可知在主语从句
_______ impresses me about his painting 中”
所缺的词作主语且表示“物”” 所以填what。

■［答案］what
写作指导・技法借鉴
S _____________________________________________________ _ ____________________________ _______________________________________________ Z
解决问题型说明文
O策略指导
-解决问题型说明文，就是针对某一问题提岀具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。

—、基本结构
■此类作文的篇章结构如下：
■第一部分：提岀问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；■第二部分：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；
■第三部分：针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。

增分佳句
A.问题
■l.One of the biggest problems the world is facing today is global warming.
■如今，世界所面临的最大问题之一是全球变暖。

■ 2.As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.
■众所周知，主要由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。

■ 3.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming. -毫无疑问”地球正变得更加暖和” 全球变暖正是人类活动所致。

■ 4.1n order to avoid traffic jams, I strongly suggest some effective measures be taken.
-为避免交通拥堵”我强烈建议采取一些有效的措施。

■ B.解决方法
■l.In the first place, I would also recommend a balanced diet.
-首先’我也会推荐均衡饮食。

■2・We should work together to fight against pollution and make our environment safer and more comfortable to live in.
■我们应该一起努力同污染作斗争使我们的环境更安全、更适宜居住。

■ 3.There is no denying the fact that it is a serious problem ； the government should
take strong measures to deal with it.
■无可否认，这是一个严重的问题，政府应该采取有力措施来解决它。

■ 4.The most important thing is that people should be made aware of the importance of environmental protection.
-最重要的是应让人们意识到环境保护的重要性。

■ C.结论
■l.If we are more environmentally friendly, the earth' s temperature may not rise too much.
-如果我们多善待环境，地球温度就可能不会上升那么快了。

■ 2.As far as m concerned, it' s everyone' s duty to protect the environment.
依我看来'保护环境是我们每个人的责任。

O写作规范
■ A题目要求
•随着科学技术的发展，人类去太空旅游将不再是遥远的梦想。

假设你是李华，对太空探索极感兴趣，现在请你写一篇100词左右的英语短文，设想在今年暑假去太空旅游，如何克服失重条件下的吃饭和喝水的问题。

■第一步：审题构思很关键
■一、审题[
豊1.确定体裁：本文为___________ 文;
■2.确定人称：本文的主要人称为
■3.确定时态：主要使用
■答案1.说明2.第一人称3.—般现在时■二、构思
■ 1.开篇：提岀失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。

■2.主体：分析和解决失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。

■3.总结：简要评论。

第二步：核心词汇想周全 2. 3.
4.
5.
6. 1. _______________ 飘浮
阻止
・ 解
决 尝试 迟
早;
答案 1. gravity 2.float 重力
3.prevent...from... a try 6.in time
4.solve
5.try/have
■第三步：由词扩句雏形现
■ l.If I went to travel in space,
■如果我去太空旅游”会有一个问题■ 2.1 might _______________ a problem.
■我可能要面对一个问题。

■ 3.In outer space,
■在外太空，重力很弱。

■ 4.The food ________________ .
■食物会到处飘浮。

■ 5.The problem would be
solved _______________ .
-用这种方式，这个问题将会被解决
■第四步：句式升级造亮点
-答案 way
4.will float around
5.in this
■1•用定语从句连接句1和句2
■2.用so... that…连接句3和句4
■3.用only倒装句改写句5 ；'
■答案l.If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem I might be faced with.
■ 2.1n outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around.
■ 3.Only in this way would the problem he sjnlved
■答案
■If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem I might be faced with :how to eat and drink in outer space.
■I would have to take all my foods with me 讦I went to space travel, but in outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around 讦it is solid.I must make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food.lt could be put in a tube and then I would be able
■to suck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it.lt can prevent the food from floating away.Only in this way would the problem be solved! might have a happy visit to space in that way.I will have a try in time.
［综合训练・能力提升］
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