大学英语Early and Medieval English Literature
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流行文学
• Artistic Features a. dream vision b. allegory 寓言 c. satire d. use of alliteration
A story with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal meaning. The principal technique of allegory is personification, whereby abstract qualities are given human shape.
Middle English Period;
Middle Ages)
诺曼底征服
(1066; Anglo-Norman Period;
Christian Church--Latin
Norman Lords----French
Common People----English （eg P6）
(Domesday‟s Book) 《末日审判书》
Minstrel/scop/gleeman
The Knights of the Round Table
1. Sir Lancelot Du Lac (Launcelot) 兰斯洛特： 亚瑟王圆桌武士中 的第一勇士，他与王后格温娜维尔的恋情导致了他与亚瑟王之间的 战争。 2. King Arthur 亚瑟王： 英国传奇英雄，中世纪传说中的不列颠国王, 圆桌骑士团的首领。 3. Sir Gawaine 高文：圆桌骑士之一，亚瑟王的侄子。 4. Sir Geraint 杰兰特：亚瑟王传奇里的一个圆桌骑士，伊妮德的丈夫。 5. Sir Gareth 加雷思：圆桌骑士之一，亚瑟王的侄子。 6. Sir Galahad 格拉海德：在亚瑟王传说中，他是圆桌骑士中最纯洁的 一位且独自一人找到了圣杯。 7. Sir Gaheris 加荷里斯：圆桌骑士之一。
Anglo-Saxon Period/ Early Period/ Old English Time)
罗马人征服
(55BC—78AD—410AD)
英国人征服
(Christianity;Roman civilization)
↓ 盎格鲁-撒克逊 Old English/ Anglo-Saxon
(pagan poems-half pagan half Christian----Beowulf , 《贝奥武甫》 Christian poets—Caedmon 凯德蒙 &Cynewulf)
订了婚的爱尔兰公主伊休尔特
Merlin 梅林
三代国王的顾问，魔法师及先知
石中之剑与王者之剑
The sword in the stone & Excalibur
the Quest of the Holy Grail 寻找圣杯
The Death of Arthur 亚瑟王之死 （Thomas Malory 马洛礼，15世纪）
基涅武甫
(5th C—7th C;Angles, Saxons& Jutes
盎格鲁人，撒克逊人& 朱特人
↓ Danish Invasion ↓
丹麦人入侵
↓ Old English
(King Alfred the Great) 阿尔弗雷德王
(8th —11th ; Vikings;)
↓
Norman Conquest
Part One
Early and Medieval English Literature
Historical Background
Literary Background
Britons
(Britain)
不列颠人
Celtic language
↓ Latin
凯尔特语
↓ Roman Conquest ↓ English Conquest
保守陈述
★ --Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
传奇 文学
《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》
• Romance： a popular literary form in the medieval England; It
sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.
Types of Poetry:
EpiБайду номын сангаас 史诗
Narrative Poem 叙事诗 Dramatic Poem 戏剧诗 Lyrical Poem 抒情诗
Ballad 民谣 Verse romance 浪漫诗歌 （Robert Browning’s dramatic monologues 罗伯特· 勃朗宁的戏剧独白）
骑士精神
chivalry (such as bravery, honor, loyalty, generosity, and kindness
to the weak and poor) is the spirit of romance.
三大类型 阶级本质
three cycles class nature : for the noble
Beowulf,
The Song of Roland
Literary epic / art epic
(is composed with pen and ink at the very beginning)
eg: Virgil’s Aeneid,
Milton’s Paradise Lost
Epic (in prose): Eg: Tolstoy’s War and Peace
↓ Feudal Period
(11th C—15th C; The Rising of 1381 )
1381年农民起义
↓ Romance (King Arthur) Ballads (Robin Hood) English Writings (Langland, Chaucer)
朗兰 乔叟
Representative Works & Writers
James Joyce’s Ulysses
Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath
Mock epic:
滑稽史诗
funny use of the elaborate conventions of epic poetry
Eg: Pope’s The Rape of the Lock
8. Sir Bors de Ganis 鲍斯：
亚瑟王传奇的圆桌骑士之一,兰斯洛特爵士之侄。 9. Sir Bedivere 贝德维尔： 亚瑟王传奇中圆桌骑士之一,忠贞不贰, 负垂死亚瑟王登舟去Avalon岛。 10. Sir Kay 凯： 亚瑟王传奇中，亚瑟王的义兄弟和理事。 11. Sir Lamorak 兰马洛克：圆桌骑士之一。 12. Sir Percivale 珀西瓦尔：圆桌骑士之一。 13. Sir Tristan (Tristram) 特里斯坦/崔斯坦： 亚瑟王时代的传奇中的人物，是一个骑士，爱上了与他的叔叔康沃尔国王马克
What is the theme of the story?
It conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil.
•
Features
A. Pagan Poem—folk legend of tribal society
B. Alliteration: the repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants of words, in any sequence of neighboring words. It’s also known as “head rhyme” or “initial rhyme”. There are generally four accents in a line, three of which show alliteration. eg. P5 alliterative verse 头韵体诗 C. Metaphors and Understatement metaphor=kenning eg. P6 隐喻
eg: Homer‟s Illiad & Odyssey Virgil‟s Aneid Milton‟s Paradise Lost
Primitive epic / folk epic
(of oral tradition, not written down)
Epic 史诗
(In verse)
eg: Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey,
Features a. simple language b. dramatic plot c. character portrayal: quasi-historical d. influence of music e. repetitions of words
Reliques of Ancient English Poetry---by Bishop Thomas Percy
★ --Piers
the Plowman
《耕者皮尔斯》/《农夫皮尔斯》 威廉· 朗兰
By William Langland •
a picture of feudal England & a protest against the social injustice
•
•
story
a classic of popular literature
Story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Features a. b. c. d. four parts are well organized into one unity Gawain‟s portrait is vivid and fully rounded use of alliteration written in north Midland dialect (different from Chaucer‟s London dialect)
What qualities can we see from Beowulf?
As a warrior--strength, courage and wisdom; obedience and loyalty to the king; As a king--faith to his people, thinking only that it profits others.
★--Beowulf
《贝奥武甫》
• the great national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
民族史诗
Epic: a long narrative poem about the deeds of one or more heroes, or a nation‟s past history, usually in a grand ceremonious style. Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual and also interlace the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events.
• Story What are the three parts told in the story of Beowulf ?
斯堪的纳维亚 It describes the heroic deeds of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-dragon.
Mentioned the story of Beowulf for the 1st time
★ --Robin
• • •
Hood Ballads
罗宾汉民谣
Ballad （meaning: to dance） 民谣 definition, P19 Story
（The Geste of Robin Hood 《罗宾汉传奇》）
• Artistic Features a. dream vision b. allegory 寓言 c. satire d. use of alliteration
A story with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal meaning. The principal technique of allegory is personification, whereby abstract qualities are given human shape.
Middle English Period;
Middle Ages)
诺曼底征服
(1066; Anglo-Norman Period;
Christian Church--Latin
Norman Lords----French
Common People----English （eg P6）
(Domesday‟s Book) 《末日审判书》
Minstrel/scop/gleeman
The Knights of the Round Table
1. Sir Lancelot Du Lac (Launcelot) 兰斯洛特： 亚瑟王圆桌武士中 的第一勇士，他与王后格温娜维尔的恋情导致了他与亚瑟王之间的 战争。 2. King Arthur 亚瑟王： 英国传奇英雄，中世纪传说中的不列颠国王, 圆桌骑士团的首领。 3. Sir Gawaine 高文：圆桌骑士之一，亚瑟王的侄子。 4. Sir Geraint 杰兰特：亚瑟王传奇里的一个圆桌骑士，伊妮德的丈夫。 5. Sir Gareth 加雷思：圆桌骑士之一，亚瑟王的侄子。 6. Sir Galahad 格拉海德：在亚瑟王传说中，他是圆桌骑士中最纯洁的 一位且独自一人找到了圣杯。 7. Sir Gaheris 加荷里斯：圆桌骑士之一。
Anglo-Saxon Period/ Early Period/ Old English Time)
罗马人征服
(55BC—78AD—410AD)
英国人征服
(Christianity;Roman civilization)
↓ 盎格鲁-撒克逊 Old English/ Anglo-Saxon
(pagan poems-half pagan half Christian----Beowulf , 《贝奥武甫》 Christian poets—Caedmon 凯德蒙 &Cynewulf)
订了婚的爱尔兰公主伊休尔特
Merlin 梅林
三代国王的顾问，魔法师及先知
石中之剑与王者之剑
The sword in the stone & Excalibur
the Quest of the Holy Grail 寻找圣杯
The Death of Arthur 亚瑟王之死 （Thomas Malory 马洛礼，15世纪）
基涅武甫
(5th C—7th C;Angles, Saxons& Jutes
盎格鲁人，撒克逊人& 朱特人
↓ Danish Invasion ↓
丹麦人入侵
↓ Old English
(King Alfred the Great) 阿尔弗雷德王
(8th —11th ; Vikings;)
↓
Norman Conquest
Part One
Early and Medieval English Literature
Historical Background
Literary Background
Britons
(Britain)
不列颠人
Celtic language
↓ Latin
凯尔特语
↓ Roman Conquest ↓ English Conquest
保守陈述
★ --Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
传奇 文学
《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》
• Romance： a popular literary form in the medieval England; It
sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.
Types of Poetry:
EpiБайду номын сангаас 史诗
Narrative Poem 叙事诗 Dramatic Poem 戏剧诗 Lyrical Poem 抒情诗
Ballad 民谣 Verse romance 浪漫诗歌 （Robert Browning’s dramatic monologues 罗伯特· 勃朗宁的戏剧独白）
骑士精神
chivalry (such as bravery, honor, loyalty, generosity, and kindness
to the weak and poor) is the spirit of romance.
三大类型 阶级本质
three cycles class nature : for the noble
Beowulf,
The Song of Roland
Literary epic / art epic
(is composed with pen and ink at the very beginning)
eg: Virgil’s Aeneid,
Milton’s Paradise Lost
Epic (in prose): Eg: Tolstoy’s War and Peace
↓ Feudal Period
(11th C—15th C; The Rising of 1381 )
1381年农民起义
↓ Romance (King Arthur) Ballads (Robin Hood) English Writings (Langland, Chaucer)
朗兰 乔叟
Representative Works & Writers
James Joyce’s Ulysses
Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath
Mock epic:
滑稽史诗
funny use of the elaborate conventions of epic poetry
Eg: Pope’s The Rape of the Lock
8. Sir Bors de Ganis 鲍斯：
亚瑟王传奇的圆桌骑士之一,兰斯洛特爵士之侄。 9. Sir Bedivere 贝德维尔： 亚瑟王传奇中圆桌骑士之一,忠贞不贰, 负垂死亚瑟王登舟去Avalon岛。 10. Sir Kay 凯： 亚瑟王传奇中，亚瑟王的义兄弟和理事。 11. Sir Lamorak 兰马洛克：圆桌骑士之一。 12. Sir Percivale 珀西瓦尔：圆桌骑士之一。 13. Sir Tristan (Tristram) 特里斯坦/崔斯坦： 亚瑟王时代的传奇中的人物，是一个骑士，爱上了与他的叔叔康沃尔国王马克
What is the theme of the story?
It conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil.
•
Features
A. Pagan Poem—folk legend of tribal society
B. Alliteration: the repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants of words, in any sequence of neighboring words. It’s also known as “head rhyme” or “initial rhyme”. There are generally four accents in a line, three of which show alliteration. eg. P5 alliterative verse 头韵体诗 C. Metaphors and Understatement metaphor=kenning eg. P6 隐喻
eg: Homer‟s Illiad & Odyssey Virgil‟s Aneid Milton‟s Paradise Lost
Primitive epic / folk epic
(of oral tradition, not written down)
Epic 史诗
(In verse)
eg: Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey,
Features a. simple language b. dramatic plot c. character portrayal: quasi-historical d. influence of music e. repetitions of words
Reliques of Ancient English Poetry---by Bishop Thomas Percy
★ --Piers
the Plowman
《耕者皮尔斯》/《农夫皮尔斯》 威廉· 朗兰
By William Langland •
a picture of feudal England & a protest against the social injustice
•
•
story
a classic of popular literature
Story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Features a. b. c. d. four parts are well organized into one unity Gawain‟s portrait is vivid and fully rounded use of alliteration written in north Midland dialect (different from Chaucer‟s London dialect)
What qualities can we see from Beowulf?
As a warrior--strength, courage and wisdom; obedience and loyalty to the king; As a king--faith to his people, thinking only that it profits others.
★--Beowulf
《贝奥武甫》
• the great national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
民族史诗
Epic: a long narrative poem about the deeds of one or more heroes, or a nation‟s past history, usually in a grand ceremonious style. Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual and also interlace the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events.
• Story What are the three parts told in the story of Beowulf ?
斯堪的纳维亚 It describes the heroic deeds of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-dragon.
Mentioned the story of Beowulf for the 1st time
★ --Robin
• • •
Hood Ballads
罗宾汉民谣
Ballad （meaning: to dance） 民谣 definition, P19 Story
（The Geste of Robin Hood 《罗宾汉传奇》）