逐句精讲新概念英语第二册：第28课禁止停车

Lesson 28 No parking　
课⽂内容：What is Jasper White's problem?
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought a new housein the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. Itis one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he toldme that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. Butnone of them has been turned to stone yet!
语法归纳：
定语从句⼀句话总结：在句中起定语作⽤，修饰某⼀个名词或代词的从句。

定语从句中被修饰的名词或代词叫先⾏词，定语从句通常出现在先⾏词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引出。

关系代词在定语从句中多充当主语、定语、宾语等成分;关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语。

关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that
who主格，先⾏词是⼈，在从句中⼀般作主语;
whom宾语，先⾏词是⼈，在从句中⼀般作宾语;
whose属格，⽤来指⼈或物，在从句中作定语;
which,先⾏词是事物，在从句中可作主语、宾语;
that可指⼈和物，在从句中可作主语、宾讲。

关系副词：when, where, why
when 指时间，先⾏词常⽤day, time, moment, occasion, week, month等;
where 指地点，先⾏词常⽤place, room, spot, city, country等;
why指原因，先⾏词常⽤reason。

例：She is one of the students who is going to take the examination.她是马上就要参加考试的学⽣之⼀。

I know the boy whose girlfriend is very nice.我认识那个有漂亮⼥朋友的男孩。

A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.⽤铅笔写的信读起来很费劲。

The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤⼠河。

He still remembers the day when he went to school.他依然记得他上学的那⼀天。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和⾮限制定语从句。

限制性定语从句是不能去掉的，如果去掉句⼦剩下的部分就会失去意义，句⼦不能成⽴或意思表达不淸楚。

⾮限制定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词进⼀步的说明，去掉之后句⼦其他部分的意思仍然完整。

1) The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤⼠河。

(如果去掉“which flows through London”，句⼦仍完整。

)
2) This book was left by John, who was here an hour ago.这本书是约翰留下的，他⼀⼩时前来过。

(如果去掉“who was here an hour ago”，句⼦仍完整。

)
逐句精讲：
1.Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
贾斯珀•怀特是为数不多的信奉古代神话的⼈之⼀。

语⾔点1 “one of +复数名词”的⽤法：
1)当“one of +复数名词”在句⼦中充当主语时，实际主语是one，紧跟其后的谓语动词⼀定⽤单数形式。

One of my students is a lawyer.我的⼀个学⽣是律师。

2)当“one of +复数名词”后加定语从句时，因为定语从句的关系代词所修饰的先⾏词不是one，⽽是of后⾯的复数名词，所以从句的谓语动词⼀定⽤复数形式。

Our organization is just one of many charities that are providing famine relief in the region.我们的组织仅仅是为这个饥荒地区提供救济的慈善组织之⼀。

3)要注意，当one前有the，thevery，the only等修饰限制时，从句中的谓语动词⼀定要⽤单数。

She is the only one of the students who has already learnt Spanish.她是这些学⽣中⼀个曾学过西班⽛语的⼈。

语⾔点2 believe in sth. / sb.信奉、相信某物/某⼈：
believe in Christ信奉基督教
believe in God 信仰上帝
believe in ghosts 相信⿁神
believe in Buddhism 信奉佛教
2.He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. 他刚在城⾥买了⼀所新房⼦，但⾃从他搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发⽣了摩擦。

语⾔点1 just常⽤于现在完成时态中，请参考Lesson5。

语⾔点2 in the city = in the downtown在市中⼼，在城⾥
相关表达：in the suburb在郊区;in the border land在边疆
I live in the suburb of Beijing and work in the city.我住在北京郎区，⽽在城⾥⼯作，语⾔点3 have troublewith sth. / sb.和某物/某⼈有摩擦
Mr. Green always has trouble with his neighbours.格林先⽣总是和他的邻居们闹纠纷。

语⾔点4 move in迁⼊;move out迁出;move over挪动⼀下，腾出空位
3.when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside hisgate.
当他夜⾥回到家时，总会发现有⼈把车停在了他家的⼤门外。

语⾔点 “动词+ home”中间⼀般不需加介词：return home返回家中;go home回家;leave home离开家，但stay at home (待在家中)为⼀个例外。

⽐较学习：home, house, family, household
home⼀个居所以及居于其中的家庭或社会单位;
house主要指建筑物和住宅;
family ⼀般侧重指家庭成员;
household指住在⼀起的家庭成员及其他⾮亲属(如仆⼈)所组成的家庭单位。

4. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
因此，他甚⾄⼀次也没能把⾃⼰的车开进车库。

语⾔点1 总结表达“原因”：
1) because +从句
I came late, because it was raining outside.因为外⾯下⾬了，所以我来晚了。

2) because of +名词性短语
I came late because of traffic jam.因为塞车，所以我来晚了。

3) For +名词性短语/从句
For some reason, it came into use.因为某种原因，它开始投⼊使⽤了。

4) due to +名词性短语
My illness was due to terrible food.我⽣病是因为吃了变质的⾷物造成的。

5) thanks to +名词性短语
It was thanks to John that we won the game.多亏了约翰，我们才赢了这场⽐赛。

6) owing to +名词性短语
They could not cross the river owing to the flood.由于洪⽔，他们不能过河。

深⼊总结：
1) because引导的从句可以放在句末或句中，⽽for引导的句⼦不能放在句中，
2) 在回答why的提问句时，只能⽤because回答，⽽不能⽤for回答。

3) because可以与 not...but...连⽤，⽽for不可以与 not...but...连⽤。

例：I did it not because I liked it but I had to do it.我做这件事不是因为喜欢做，⽽是不得不做。

(×) I did it not for I liked it but I had to do it.(错误)
语⾔点2 ⽐较学习：
drive car into somewhere.把车撞进某地，撞车
get car into somewhere.把车开进某地
原句替换⽤词：
He has not been able to drive his own car into his garage even once.
他甚⾄⼀次也没有成功地把他的车撞进车库⾥。

(本句与原句意思迥然不同。

)
5.Jasper has put up ‘No Parking, signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.
贾斯珀曾把⼏块“禁⽌停车”的牌⼦挂在他的门外，但没有任何效果。

语⾔点1 put up意为“挂起，竖起”。

语⾔点2 have not any effect = have no effect 没有任何效果
原句还可改为：Jasper has put up ‘No Parking’ signs outside his gate, but these have had no effect (本句的效果没有⽤have not had any effect好。

)
6. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate.
现在他把⼀个丑陋的⽯雕头像放在了⼤门上边。

语⾔点1 put sth. over somewhere把某物放、摘在某处的上⾯
语⾔点2 an ugly stone head ⼀个丑陋的⽯雕头像
7.It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之⼀。

语⾔点1 经典句型：形容词级/the only+名词+ that引导定语从句(完成时态)
这个句型结构的特点有三个：
1) 主句中有形容词的级或表⽰的词，从句是由that引导的定语从句，that作从句中宾语时可省略。

2) 主句和定语从句的时态呼应：
主句⽤⼀般现在时，宛语从句则⽤现在完成时;
主句⽤⼀般过去时,定语从句則⽤过去宪成时。

3) 定语从句中常有ever(曾经)放在have/had与过去分词之间⽤来加强语⽓。

语⾔点2 ...I have ever seen我曾经见过的……
..I have ever done我曾经做过的
...I have ever heard我曾经听说过的
例：This is the most difficult problem I have ever worked out.这是我曾经做过的最难的⼀道题。

This is the most amusing story 1 have ever heard.这是我曾经听过的玩的⼀个故事。

8.I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon.
我问他那是什么，他告诉我那是蛇发⼥怪美杜莎。

语⾔点1 What it was为ask的宾语从句。

语⾔点2 the Gorgon是Medusa的同位语。

9.Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成⽯头。

语⾔点 turn...to/into…意为“把……变成……”。

Tum表⽰变化，指通过某种⽅法或外⼒使某⼈或某物改变特定的性质、⾝份或外形。

例：
Autumn turns the green leaves golden.秋天绿叶变成了⾦黄⾊。

The sky turned to pink at dawn. The night turned into day.天空在黎明时分变成了粉红⾊。

⿊夜变成了⽩天。

10、But none of them has been turned to stone yet!
但到⽬前为⽌还没有⼀个⼈变成⽯头呢!
语⾔点总结学习：
1) “none of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词⽤单复数形式均可：
None of the televisions if/are working.没有⼀台电视机不是坏的。

2) “either of +复数名词”作主语谓语动词常⽤单数：
Is either of the sisters coming?这姐妹俩有哪个要来吗?
3) “neither of+复数名词”作主语谓语动词⽤中单复数形式均可：
Neither of the twins is here,那对双胞场都不在这⾥。

Neither of us enjoy getting up early.我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。

4) “any of +复数名词”谓语动词⼀般多⽤单数，依上下⽂情况⽽定：
Have any of you actually seen UFO?你们中是不是有⼈确实看到过不明飞⾏物?。