高中英语中译英练习(五种基本句型)附答案

根本句型汉译英练习主谓宾构造〔一〕
说明：
此构造是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。

其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。

宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。

翻译练习：
昨晚我写了一封信。

今天下午我想同你谈谈。

这本书他读过屡次了。

他们成功地完成了方案。

你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

我们大家都相信Jack 是一个老实男孩。

他不知道说什麽好。

他每天早晨洗冷水澡。

我开窗户你在意吗？
参考答案：
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannot dress himself.
9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
10.He did not know what to say.
11.He takes a cold bath every morning.
12.Do you mind my opening the window?
主谓宾构造〔二〕
说明：
此构造中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种情况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。

1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。

如，
They carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说，
They carried the plan out successfully. 但我们只能说
As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.
动副词组都可以这样用，如，point out〔指出〕, carry out〔执行〕, put forward〔提出〕, work out〔做出，算出〕, find out〔找出〕, give up〔放弃〕, give away〔赠送，分发〕,pick up〔拣起〕, put up〔挂上〕, 等。

2. 而含有介词at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。

如，look after〔照顾〕, look at〔瞧〕, look for〔寻找〕, belong to〔属于〕, refer to〔参考，提及〕, think of〔考虑，评价〕, send for〔派人去请〕, care for〔喜欢〕,suffer from〔受…之苦〕, deal with(对付，应付), object to〔反对〕, pay for〔付…的钱〕,等。

即我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.
in 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“在里面〞，“往里进〞，“在家〞等意思。

如，get in(收割),hand in〔提交，交进〕。

用作介词，表示“在…地点〞，“在…范围〞，“在…方面〞。

如，persist in(坚持)，succeed
in (在…成功)。

Off在动词词组中用作副词，表示“关闭〞，“隔离，分开〞，“去掉〞，等意思。

如，turn off〔关掉〕, switch off〔关掉〕, ring off〔挂断〕, keep off〔远离〕, take off(脱掉〕, kick off〔踢脱〕, carry off〔运走〕, put off〔推延〕, pay off〔付清〕,give off〔放出).
用作介词，表示“从…下来〞。

如，get off〔下车〕, fall off〔从…掉下来〕.
On 在动词词组中用作副词，表示“开〞，“走开〞，“传递〞，“穿戴〞。

如，turn on(开),move on〔走开〕, pass on〔传递〕, put on〔穿上〕, have on〔穿着〕.
用作介词，表示“在…上〞，“在…方面〞。

如，work on〔从事于…〕, operate on〔在…上动手术〕, agree on〔同意〕。

表示“上车，上船，上…〞, 如,get on〔上车，上船〕,ride on〔骑上〕。

表示“依靠〞，“以…为根底〞，“按照〞，如，depend on〔依靠〕,base on〔以…为根底〕, feed on〔以…为食〕, live on〔以…为生计〕.
Over在动词词组中用作副词，表示“翻转〞，“翻倒〞，如，turn over〔打翻，翻倒〕,push over〔推倒〕.
表示“过一遍〞，“仔细〞，“普及〞，如，think over〔仔细考虑〕,look over〔仔细查看，研究〕.
用作介词，表示“从上越过〞，如，fly over〔从上飞过〕, jump over〔从上跳过〕.go over(越过，横过)。

表示“为了〞，“由于〞，如，quarrel over〔为…争吵〕,cry over〔因…哭泣〕.
表示“查看〞，“复习〞，“检查〞，如，go over〔检查，复习〕.
附：许多由及物动词+名词+介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语，如：
pay attention to〔注意〕, catch hold of〔抓住，握住〕, catch sight of〔看见，发现〕,do harm to 〔对…有害〕, get rid of〔排除，除去〕, make fun of〔取笑，嘲笑〕,put (one’s) heart into 〔专心于…〕, say hello to〔打招呼〕, sing praise for〔赞扬，表扬〕,take care of〔照顾〕, take part in〔参加〕, take pride in〔以…自豪，骄傲〕。

翻译练习：
我不信任那个人。

他指出了我的作文中的错误。

圣诞节我们将去看望外籍老师。

你们必须在课后把练习本交上来。

五分钟内我们是不可能解出这道题来的。

他们高度赞扬了英雄的业迹。

这位护士会好好照顾你父亲的。

你在工作中可依靠他。

沸腾的水散发水蒸汽。

写完作文后，我们必须把它从头到尾看一遍。

脱掉你的外套，走前再穿。

人们会把她找出来的。

我们必须派人去请医生
参考答案：
I don’t believe in(介) that man.
He pointed out〔副〕the mistakes in my composition.
On Christmas Day, we will call on〔介〕our foreign teachers. You must hand in〔副〕your exercise-books after class. We cannot work out〔副〕the problem in five minutes. They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero.
The nurse will take good care of your father.
You can depend on〔介〕him in your work.
Boiling water gives off〔副〕steam.
After writing a composition, we must go over〔介〕it.
Take off your coat and put it on〔副〕before you leave.
People will find her out〔副〕.
We must send for〔介〕a doctor.
根本句型汉译英练习双宾语构造
说明：
此构造由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语〔人〕+直接宾语〔事物〕组成。

如，
He brings me cookies every day.
She made me a beautiful dress.
但假设要先说出直接宾语〔事物〕，后说间接宾语〔人〕，那么要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有：
〔需借助to的〕bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,
return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。

〔需借助for 的〕buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。

翻译练习：
1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。

2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。

4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。

9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？
10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
11. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。

参考答案：
Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
Would you please pass me the dictionary?
He showed the ticket to the conductor.
This term I have written three letters to my parents.
My father has bought me a new bike.
Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
Will you please get me a new copy?
Shall I call you a taxi?
The new machine will save you a lot of labour.
根本句型汉译英练习复合宾语构造
说明:
此构造由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。

宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑
的主谓关系，假设无宾语补足语，那么句意不完好。

可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。

如，
The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
用it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。

即主语+ 谓语+ it + 宾补+ 真正宾语。

如，
I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
翻译练习
我们叫她Alice.
他的父母给他取名为John.
我们大家都认为他是老实的。

他们把门推开了。

他们把小偷释放了。

我们要使学校变得更美丽。

他请我们参加做游戏。

我要你把真相告诉我。

卫兵命令我们立即分开。

明天我要找人来修理机器。

每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

痛苦使得他叫喊起来。

我们不会让她在晚上外出的。

他每个月理一次发。

我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。

那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
她正在听人家讲故事。

男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。

我从来没看见这个字这样用过。

他感到很难跟你交谈。

我想乘船去那里更舒适些。

我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

学校定了一条规那么，开场上课时学生要起立。

我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。

参考答案
We call her Alice.
His parents named him John.
All of us considered him honest.
They pushed the door open.
They have set the thief free.
We will make our school more beautiful.
He asked us to join in the game.
I want you to tell me the truth.
The guards ordered us to leave at once.
Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
The pain made him cry out.
We won’t let her go out at night.
He has his hair cut once a month.
I’ll get my recorder mended.
The terrible sound made the children frightened.
She is listening to someone telling stories.
The boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
I have never seen the word used that way before.
He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
I thought it no use talking with that man.
根本句型汉译英练习There be 句型
说明：
此句型是由there + be + 主语+ 状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。

它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。

Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。

如，
如今有there is/are …
过去有there was/were…
将来有there will be…/there is /are going to be...
如今已经有there has/have been…
可能有there might be...
肯定有there must be …/there must have been...
过去一直有there used to be …
似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等。

翻译练习：
今晚没有会。

这个村子过去只有一口井。

这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。

客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。

天气预报说下午有大风。

灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。

战前这儿一直有家电影院的。

恰好那时房里没人。

从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。

公共汽车来了。

就只剩下二十八美元了。

在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。

铃响了。

二月份有二十八天。

参考答案：
There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
There was only a well in the village.
There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
There used to be a cinema here before the war.
There happened to be nobody in the room.
Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
There comes the bus.
There remained just twenty-eight dollars.
In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.
There goes the bell.
There are twenty-eight days in February. Oh...
Look, I told you he was here.
Look at him! Quiet. Look at him.
Good morning, sleepyhead.
Good morning!
We love your kitty!
Oh... My head...
Here, I fetched a pail of water.
Thanks.
Uhh!
Aahh!
Oh...
A cute button nose? Thick, wavy locks?
Taut, round buttocks? I'm... I'm...
Gorgeous!
I'll say.
I'm Jill. What's your name?
Um... Shrek.
Shrek? Wow. Are you from Europe?
You're tense.
I want to rub his shoulders.
I got it covered.
I don't have anything to rub.
Get in line.
Get in line.
Have you seen my donkey?
Who are you calling donkey?
Donkey? You're a...
A stallion, baby!
I can whinny. I can count.
Look at me, Shrek!
I'm trotting!
That's some quality potion.
What's in that stuff?
"Oh, don't take the potion, Mr. Boss, it's very bad." Pah!
"Warning: Side effects may include burning, itching, oozing, weeping.
"Not intended for heart patients or those with... nervous disorders."
I'm trotting, I'm trotting in place! Yeah!
What?
Senor? "To make the effects of this potion permanent, the drinker must obtain his true love's kiss by midnight."
Midnight?
Why is it always midnight?
Pick me! I'll be your true love!
I'll be your true love.
I'll be true... enough.
Look, ladies, I already have a true love. Oh...
And take it from me, Boss.
You are going to have one satisfied Princess. And let's face it.
You are a lot easier on the eyes.
Inside you're the same old mean, salty...
Easy.
...cantankerous, foul, angry ogre you always been. And you're still the same annoying donkey. Yeah.
Well...
Look out, Princess. Here comes the new me. First things first.
We need to get you out of those clothes.
Ready?
Ready!
Driver, stop!
Oh, God! Help me, please!
My racing days are over!
I'm blind! Tell the truth.
Will I ever play the violin again?
You poor creature!
Is there anything I can do for you?
Well, I guess there is one thing.
Take off the powdered wig
and step away from your drawers.
Not bad.
Not bad at all.
Father?
Is everything all right, Father?
Thank you, gentlemen!
Someday, I will repay you.
Unless, of course, I can't find you or if I forget.
I
If someone asks you how you can make you always 1. ________
happy, you will perhaps find rather difficult to give him 2. ________
a proper answer. Did you remember the old saying “No 3. ________
human being can really happy who is not giving or trying 4. ________
to give happiness to others 〞? If you will always think of 5. ________
taking more from others and give them less, you won’t be 6. ________
able to have happiness in your life even you are very rich. 7. ________
Here’s an article for you. If each of you follow it, there 8. ________
will be an end to many unhappy days of yours. So you should 9. ________ learn to give up your own interests when necessarily to do so. 10. ________ II
When my father bought me a computer as a birthday gift for 1. ________
me in last year, I felt very exited. As we all know, computers 2. ________ are getting more and more usefully now. Much information can3. ________ be stored in them. We can also learn that has lately happened 4. ________ in the world on the Internet. In the past, people had to do lots of 5. ________ work which was very dangerous. Now, but, computers can do it 6. ________ instead. When an exam is coming, I often did some exercises 7. ________ on my computer. Then it will correct it and tell me the right 8. ________
answers. In this way it is very convenient for me to prepare 9. ________
the exam than before. The computer has become my real friend. 10. ________
[答案与解析]
I. 1. you→yourself。

make oneself happy“使自己快乐〞,是习惯用法。

2. find后加it。

it 为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。

3. Did→Do。

用一般如今时表示“经常〞。

4. can后加be。

情态动词后应加动词原形再加形容词。

5. 去掉will。

6. give→giving。

giving 与taking 并列作介词of的宾语。

7. even后加though或if。

even though / if为附属连词,意为“即使,纵然〞,引导让步状语从句。

8. follow→follows 9. 本行无错。

10. necessarily→necessary。

完好形式应为when it is necessary to do so。

II. 1. 去掉me。

间接宾语me已经与for构成介词短语写在了后面。

2. 去掉in。

3. usefully →useful。

get后用形容词作表语。

4. that→what。

what引导宾语从句且在从句中用作主语,而that不能充当宾语从句的主语。

5. 本行无错。

6. but→however。

however 是副词,并用逗号与其它词隔开,而but为连词,连接并列句。

7. did→do。

前后时态照应。

8. and前的it改为them。

代指前面的exercises。

9. very→more。

more convenient...than before构成比拟构造。

10. the前加for。

prepare for the exam意为“为考试作准备〞。