Quality2-1
2-1. 346 品质管理重点：事中过程控制,事前预防控制,事后检验把关
品质管理重点：事后检验把关、事中过程控制，事前预防控制一般来说，任何一家企业对于自己所生产的产品品质都是非常看重的，因为这一点将会决定着企业产品在市场上的销售额度，是保证企业市场活力的一大保障。
对于企业来说，认清品质管理的重点是什么是开展相关管理工作的基本条件。
一、品质管理的要点1、最高主管的决心与承诺①最高主管对品质的重视与决心是提升品质最重要的关键。
②企业的竞争优势依靠产品、营销和形象。
而产品，尤其是产品的品质，是决定性的关键。
③要提升品质需要付出代价，不提升品质代价更高。
2、调整品管组织的功能①建立现代的品管组织架构，强化品管组织的阵容。
②品管人员的角色定位3、品质需要全员参与、团队合作①推行TQM(TotalQualityManagement)②改变工作习惯：做好了才叫做了③将顾客的观念延伸至企业内部，下工序就是上工序的顾客④在企业内部形成支援系统⑤推行全员与品质管理的活动，如5S、Qcc、TPM等等4、要有满意的员工①控制品质变异要素4MIE的核心——人②精简组织，定期组织重整。
③建立良好的员工士气。
5、重视教育训练品管界有一句名言，即“品质，始于教育，终于教育”。
人的工作态度及方法是决定产品与服务品质的主要因素。
优质的工作态度与方法，不是与生俱来的，而是来自不断的训练。
①企业内应建立一套完整的教育训练制度，每年编制预算费用。
②从最基层的员工到中高阶干部都设定相应的训练时数。
6、品质要持续不断地改善①遵循PDCA的管理循环进行改进即Plan(计划)、Do(实施)、Check(查核)、Action(处置)，是从事持续改进(改善)所应遵行的基本步骤。
1.计划：是指建立改善的目标及行动方案。
2.实施：又称执行，是指依照计划推行。
3.查核：指确认是否依计划的进度在实行，以及是否达成预定的计划。
4.处置：指新作业程序的实施及标准化，以防止原来的问题再次发生。
(或设定新的改进目标)。
②运用QC—STORY的步骤与技巧何谓QCStory，QC原为QualityControl(品质管制)的缩写品管之意，Story原意为履历之意，组合在一起即称为品管履历，在QCC现场改善活动初期，它是QCC问题解决汇总报告的程序，后来因为其汇总报告流程的严谨性，许多人就渐渐地将QCStory当成是问题解决的顺序和方法，在企业中尝试推广使用并取得了显著的改善效果。
人教版高中英语选择性必修二 Unit 1 第五课时 Reading and writing
makes a great scientist.
图片来源于网络
1. Discuss some important qualities for great scientists;
2. Support your opinion with concrete events from the
lives of scientists;
Pre-writing
2
How can you convince the readers of the importance of the qualities you choose for great scientists?
Writing tip: 借事记人
Support your opinion with concrete events from the lives of scientists;
Example quality: being patren switched his major and returned to China
quality: a questioning mind
event: John Snow drew a map to examine the cause of cholera
a questioning mind
Pre-reading
Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”?
Reading
Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”?
studied Railway Mechanical Engineering
switched major to aviation
品质术语英文缩写
品质术语1.ACC:Accept (允收)2.REJ: Reject (拒收)3.SPEC: Specification(规格)4.ZD: Zero Defect (零缺点)5.CRI: Critical Defect (严重缺点)6.MAJ:Major Defect (主要缺点)7.MIN: Minor Defect (次要缺点)8.AQL: Acceptable Quality Level (允许品质水准)9.SA: Self Accurance (自主检查)10.FAI:Firsh Article Inspection (初件检验)11.IPQC:In-Process Quality Control(制程品质管制)12.FQC:Final Quality Control(最终品质管制)13.IQC:Incoming Quality Control(进料品质管制)14.IPQA:In-Process Quality Audit (制程查核)15.OBA:Out Box Audit(开箱查核)16.OQC:Out Quality Control(出货品质管制)17.PPM: Parts Per Million (百万分之几)18.TQC: Total Quality Control(全面品质管制)19.TQM:Total Quality Management(全面品质管理)20.QIT:Quality Improvement Team(品质改善小组)21.CAR:Correction Action Report(改善行动报告)22.TIP:Tip Innovation Plan(提案改善计划)23.QCC:Quality Control Circle(品管图)24.Plan(计划) DO(执行) Check(检讨) Action(改善) (戴明循环)25.5MIE:Man(人) Machine(机器)Material(材料) Method(方法)Measurement(测量) Environment(环境)26.5WIH:When(何时) Where(何地)Who(何人) Whet(何事)Why(为何) How(如何)27.AWG:American Wire Gauge(美国线规)28.CSA:Canadian Standant Association(加拿大标准协会)29.UL:Underwriters Laboratories Inc(美国保险协会实验室)30.ENG:Engineering Change Notice(工程变更通知书)31.FMEA:Failure Mode &Effect Analysis(失效模式分析)。
2-1 WHO-PQ认证指导原则及提交资料的格式要求 2013.06(英文)
• Prequalification of generic products approved by Stringent Regulatory Authorities (SRAs)
7
7
Prequalification Guidelines (Quality)
• Guidelines on active pharmaceutical ingredient master file procedure
15
15
CTD- triangle
Regional Admin Information Module 1
Not Part of the CTD
Clinical Overview
Module 2
Quality Overall Summary
Nonclinical Overview
The CTD
Nonclinical Summary
information –Reginon specific • • • Module 2 – Quality Overall Summary – QOS-PD Module 3 - Quality Module 5 – Bioequivalent study Reports(or biawaiver)
• Provide clear and transparent guidance to applicants for preparing and submitting these dossiers and facilitate the subsequent assessment;
section 2-1
Section 1 Introduction
block between the two signal- processing blocks represents the conversion of an analog signal to equivalent digital form (A/D=Analog-to-Digital) and the reverse（相反的） conversion（变换、转变） of a digital signal to the corresponding（相应的、相当的） analog form (D/A=Digital-to-Analog). The remaining blocks involve inputs and outputs— getting signals into and out of the processing system.
a. 数字的，数字式的，计数的
espionage ['espɪənɑ:ʒ] n. 谍报，间谍活动，密探
New Words and Expressions
signal-processing a. 信号处理的
analog n. ①模拟（量，装置，设备，系统） ②类 似，类比，比拟
velocity [vɪ'lɒsɪtɪ] n. 速度，速率
Section 1 Introduction
tasks. Let us explore the meaning of this term. Signal A signal is any physical variable whose magnitude or variation with time contains information. This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air in a room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions. The physical variables that can carry information in an electrical system are voltage and current. When we speak of "signals", therefore,
常用品质术语简称
常用品质术语QC(Quality Control)/质量控制:质量管理的一部分，致力于满足质量要求。
QA（Quality Assurance）/质量保证:质量管理的一部分，致力于提供能满足别与联系：QC：为了达到规定的质量要求而展开的一系列活动。
主要关注的是过程的结果——产品。
一般以质量检验为主要活动。
QA：主要关注预期的产品。
必须有效地实施质量控制，在此基础上才能提供质量保证。
质量要求会得到满足和信任。
1、AQL:接收质量限当一个连续系列批被提交验收抽样时可允许的最差过程平均质量水平2、N：批量3、Ac:接收数4、Re:拒收数5、n: 样本数6、不合格，分为A、B、C 三类常用品质术语简称以顾客为关注焦点. 领导作用全员参与过程方法系统的管理方法以事实为依据的决策持续改进与供方的互利关系什么是时间1.时间是一去不复返2.时间是稍纵即逝3.时间是世界上最长和最短的东西时间的特点:1.不可替代 2.不可储存 3. 不可转让 4.不可缺少时间的价值;1.在一切与生俱来的赠品中时间最宝贵 2.时间是生命3.时间是金钱睡觉：21年个人卫生：7年吃饭：6年旅行：6年购物逛街：5年学习：4 年开会：3年打电话：2年找东西：1年其他：3年工作：14年假定你活到82岁，一生大约3万余天，请填写下表：你的生命已用去————天，你的生命只剩下————天，你的期望在你的生平评价中得到的主要评语是：人生终极目标人生主线目标远期目标10年左右实现目标中期目标3-5年左右实现目标日常目标月、周、日的目标及任务路：人生轨迹道：人生方向成功与失败的界线是时间的合理分配和安排。
高中英语必修一Unit1--unit2单词
高中英语北师大版必修一英语单词Unit1topic Talk1.senior /ˈsiːniə/adj.较高的，高级的2.secondary /ˈsekəndəri/adj.中等教育的；中级的；次要的3.stressful /ˈstresfəl/adj.充满压力的，紧张的4.challenging /ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/adj.富有挑战性的5.differ /ˈdɪfə/vi.不同，不一样，有区别6.previous /ˈpriːviəs/adj.以前的，先前的7.dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的8.campus /ˈkæmpəs/n.校园9.schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/n.日程表，计划表10.expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/n.期待；预料，预期11.confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/n.自信，信心；信赖petence /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/n.能力，胜任13.chapter /ˈtʃæptə/n.一段时期；章节14.all in all 总而言之，总的来说15.apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/n.公寓套房16.am /ˌeɪˈem/（ante meridiem）午前，上午17.shift /ʃɪft/n.（工厂、医院等轮班制的）当班时间18.pressure /ˈpreʃə/n.压力19.leisure /ˈleʒə/n.空闲，空暇，业余时间20.recover /rɪˈkʌvə/vi.恢复健康，康复21.injury /ˈɪndʒəri/n.伤，损害22.plus /plʌs/adj.有利的，好的prep.加23.unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地24.challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/n.挑战；具有挑战性的事物vt.向……挑战25.arise /əˈraɪz/vi.（问题或困难）出现，发生Lesson 126.lifestyle /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/n.生活方式27.chat /tʃæt/vi. &n.闲谈，聊天28.surf /sɜːf/vi. &vt.冲浪29.surf the Internet 网上冲浪，浏览因特网30.voluntary /ˈvɒləntəri/adj.志愿的；服务的；自愿的31.engine /ˈendʒɪn/n.引擎32.search engine 搜索引擎33.definitely /ˈdefɪnɪtli/adv.确切地，肯定地34.teen /tiːn/adj.青少年的，十几岁孩子的ptop /ˈlæptɒp/n.笔记本电脑，便携式电脑36.digital /ˈdɪdʒətl/adj.数字的，数码的37.native /ˈneɪtɪv/n.本地人38.range /reɪndʒ/n.一系列；范围39.various /ˈveəriəs/adj.各种各样的；多种（类型）的40.hardware /ˈhɑːdweə/n.（计算机）硬件41.necessity /nəˈsesəti/n.必需品42.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj.方便的，便利的43.quality /ˈkwɒləti/n.质量，品质44.from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或45.living room 起居室46.addict /ˈædɪkt/n.对……着迷的人47.according to 按……所说，根据48.in person 亲自49.media /ˈmiːdiə/n.新闻媒体，大众传播媒介（总称）50.social media 社交媒体51.actually /ˈæktʃuəli/adv.实际上，事实上52.drag /dræɡ/vt.拖，拉53.tend to do sth. 易于做某事54.goal /ɡəʊl/n.目标，目的55.aim /eɪm/n.目的，意图vi.力求达到56.target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/n.目标57.update /ʌpˈdeɪt/vt.更新58.* meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/adv.与此同时59.distance /ˈdɪstəns/n.距离，间距60.volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/vi. &vt.自愿；志愿n.志愿者61.revise /rɪˈvaɪz/vi. &vt.复习62.saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/n.格言，谚语63.ahead /əˈhed/adv.在前面；向前64.get ahead 取得进步，获得成功Lesson 265.café /ˈkæfeɪ/n.咖啡馆，小餐馆66.downtown /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/adv.向/在城镇商业中心区67.stress /stres/n.压力；忧虑；紧张68.suffer /ˈsʌfə/vi. &vt.遭受（痛苦）69.suffer from（身体或精神上）遭受……（痛苦）70.reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/vt.减少；降低；缩小71.expert /ˈekspɜːt/n.专家，行家72.frank /fræŋk/adj.坦率的，坦诚的73.to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说74.editor /ˈedɪtə/n.编辑，主编75.remove /rɪˈmuːv/vt.移走；去掉76.entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/adv.完全地，彻底地77.position /pəˈzɪʃən/n.职位；位置itary /ˈmɪlɪtəri/n.军队，武装力量79.due to 因为80.absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/adv.正是，当然81.stressed /strest/adj.焦虑的，紧张的82.extent /ɪkˈstent/n.程度83.thus /ðʌs/adv.因此，因而，从而84.tension /ˈtenʃən/n.紧张；焦虑anise /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/vt.组织，筹划86.in other words 换句话说87.function /ˈfʌŋkʃən/n.功能88.seek /siːk/vt.寻求；请求89.professional /prəˈfeʃənəl/adj.专业的，职业的Lesson 390.feature /ˈfiːtʃə/vt.以……为特色，是…的特征91.typical /ˈtɪpɪkəl/adj.平常的，一贯的；典型的92.province /ˈprɒvins/n.省93.graduate /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/vi.毕业94.graduate from 从……毕业95.certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/n.合格证书96.inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/vt.鼓励，激励97.apply /əˈplaɪ/vi.申请；请求98.apply for 申请99.eager /ˈiːɡə/adj.热切的；渴望的100.s ort /sɔːt/n.种，类；类型101.s ort of 有几分，有点102.i ndependently /ˌɪndəˈpendəntli/adv.独立地，自立地103.p ower /ˈpaʊə/n.电，电力；力量104.s upply /səˈplaɪ/n.供应，供给105.u nstable /ʌnˈsteɪbəl/adj.不稳定的106.d usty /ˈdʌsti/adj.布满灰尘的107.m uddy /ˈmʌdi/adj.泥泞的，多泥的108.t ough /tʌf/adj.困难的，难办的109.f lash /flæʃ/vi. &vt.闪现，闪过n.照相机闪光灯110.g ive up 放弃111.d eal with 对付，应付，处理112.r esponsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbəl/adj.负责的；有责任心的113.b e responsible for 对……负责114.a ttractive /əˈtræktɪv/adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的115.a s well as ……以及……116.l aughter /ˈlɑːftə/n.笑；笑声117.c onfident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/adj.自信的118.* besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/adv.除此之外，而且119.c ontact /ˈkɒntækt/n.联系，联络vt.（写信，打电话）联系（某人）120.c harity /ˈtʃærəti/n.慈善机构，慈善团体121.o rganisation /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/n.组织，团体，机构122.c ontribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃən/n.贡献123.i ntend /ɪnˈtend/vt.计划，打算，想要124.W riting Workshop125.j unior /ˈdʒuːniə/adj.低年级的126.f ormal /ˈfɔːməl/adj.正式的，官方的127.i nformal /ɪnˈfɔːməl/adj.非正式的128.a dapt /əˈdæpt/vi.（使）适应129.a dapt to sth. 适应某事130.g ym /dʒɪm/n.体育馆，健身房131.m oment /ˈməʊmənt/n.某一时刻132.a t the moment 此刻，目前，眼下133.p resentation /ˌprezənˈteɪʃən/n.报告；陈述，说明134.s lide /slaɪd/n.幻灯片135.f orward /ˈfɔːwəd/adv.向前；进展136.l ook forward to（doing）sth. 期待，盼望137.R eading Club 1138.d igestion /daɪˈdʒestʃən/n.消化Reading Club 2139.r ecreation /ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/n.娱乐，消遣140.e ntertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/n.娱乐141.r ural /ˈrʊərəl/adj.农村的，乡村的，田园的Unit 2142.a thlete /ˈæθliːt/n.运动员143.f requency /ˈfriːkwənsi/n.发生的频率，发生率144.p refer /prɪˈfɜː/vt.更喜欢145.r ather than 而不是146.b adminton /ˈbædmɪntən/n.羽毛球147.g olf /ɡɒlf/n.高尔夫148.g ymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/n.体操149.j og /dʒɒɡ/vi. &n.慢跑150.c ycle /ˈsaɪkəl/vi.骑自行车151.b owling /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/n.保龄球152.s kateboard /ˈskeɪtbɔːd/n.滑板vi.用滑板滑行153.t rack /træk/n.跑道154.i n good / bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳155.b alanced /ˈbælənst/adj.均衡的156.d iet /ˈdaɪət/n.日常饮食157.s tair /steə/n.楼梯；梯级158.r egularly /ˈreɡjələli/adj.经常；定期地159.n et /net/n.（网球等的）球网；网160.c ourt /kɔːt/n.（网球等的）球场161.w ithin /wɪðˈɪn/prep.在……之内Lesson 1162.u nderdog /ˈʌndədɒɡ/n.处于劣势的人（队）；弱方163.d efeat /dɪˈfiːt/vt.（在比赛、战争中）战胜，打败164.c ompany /ˈkʌmpəni/n.公司；一群人165.g uy /ɡaɪ/n.（非正式）男人，家伙166.c hampion /ˈtʃæmpiən/n.冠军，第一名167.* shot /ʃɒt/n.投球，击球168.i nspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən/n.激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感169.t ry out for sth. 争取成为；参加选拔170.* bench /bentʃ/n.替补队员席171.r eplacement /rɪˈpleɪsmənt/n.替换的人（物）172.d esire /dɪˈzaɪə/n.渴望173.c rash /kræʃ/vi. & vt.猛撞174.c rash into 猛撞，猛击175.g ather /ˈɡæðə/vi. &vt.聚集，聚合176.g ather around 聚集177.n ot...anymore 不再……178.p ack /pæk/n.包，包裹vi. &vt.把……包起来179.s harply /ˈʃɑːpli/adv.严厉地，毫不客气地180.l et sb. down 使失望，辜负（别人的信任或期望）181.o nto /ˈɒntʊ/prep.到……上，向……上182.e xtra /ˈekstrə/adj.额外的，另外的183.p ay off 取得成功；奏效184.k eep up with 跟上，保持同步185.e nergy /ˈenədʒi/n.力量，活力186.c rowd /kraʊd/n.人群187.c lap /klæp/vi. &vt.鼓掌，拍手188.e arn /ɜːn/vt.赢得；博得Lesson 2189.b oxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ/n.拳击（运动）190.b ounce /baʊns/vi. &vt.（使）弹起，（使）反弹191.b elt /belt/n.腰带，皮带192.a nnouncement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/n.通告，公告193.d efence /dɪˈfens/n.防守队员，后卫194.a udience /ˈɔːdiəns/n.观众；听众195.r emind /rɪˈmaɪnd/vt.使（某人）想起，提醒196.b ite /baɪt/vi. &vt.咬197.p rohibit /prəˈhɪbɪt/vt.禁止198.c ase /keɪs/n.状况，场合；事例，实例199.i n case 以防万一200.s ign up 报名201.a nnual /ˈænjuəl/adj.一年一度的，每年的202.a pplication /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/n.申请书203.w arm-up 热身运动，准备活动204.q uit /kwɪt/vi. &vt.停止（做某事）205.h alfway /ˌhɑːf ˈweɪ/adv.半途地206.t ip /tɪp/n.建议，忠告，窍门207.o ught to aux.应该，应当208.o ccupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/vt.占用，占去（时间）209.d isappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/n.失望；扫兴；沮丧210.a mazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/惊人地，了不起地Lesson 3211.r elieve /rɪˈliːv/vt.减轻，缓解212.s trengthen /ˈstreŋθən/vi. &vt.（使）强健213.* immune /ɪˈmjuːn/adj.免疫的；有免疫力的214.s ystem /ˈsɪstɪm/n.系统215.i mmune system 免疫系统216.c heer up（使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来217.w eekly /ˈwiːkli/adj.一周一次的，每周的218.b e fed up with 厌烦的，不满的无法再忍受的219.a wkward /ˈɔːkwəd/adj.令人尴尬的220.p articular /pəˈtɪkjələ/n.尤其，特别adj.特定的221.i n particular 尤其，特别222.b enefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/n.好处，益处223.m embership /ˈmembəʃɪp/n.会员身份224.e quipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/n.设备，装备225.c apable /ˈkeɪpəbəl/adj.能干的；能力强的226.b e capable of 有能力做227.p revent /prɪˈvent/vt.预防；阻止，阻挡228.d isease /dɪˈziːz/n.疾病229.u pper /ˈʌpə/adj.较上的，上面的230.f low /fləʊ/vi.流，流动n.流动231.o xygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/n.氧232.r elief /rɪˈliːf/n.减轻，缓解233.a che /eɪk/n.隐痛234.g uideline /ˈɡaɪdlaɪn/n.指导方针，指导原则235.c lick /klɪk/vi. &vt.点击（鼠标）236.d etail /ˈdiːteɪl/n.细节237.p rinciple /ˈprɪnsəpəl/n.原则，基本的观念238.a mount /əˈmaʊnt/n.数量，数额239.s hortcut /ʃɔːtkʌt/n.捷径，近路240.o vernight /ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/adv.突然，一下子241.a chievable /əˈtʃi:vəbəl/adj.可完成的；做得成的242.m ake sure 确保243.m uscle /ˈmʌsəl/n.肌肉244.b one /bəʊn/n.骨头，骨245.s atisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/n.满足，满意246.s weat /swet/n.汗水247.o verdo /ˌəʊvəˈdu/vt.把……做得过火248.W riting Workshop249.s ight /saɪt/n.视野250.c yclist /ˈsaɪklɪst/n.骑自行车者，自行车运动员251.o vertake /ˌəʊvəˈteɪk/vt.超过252.a mazed /əˈmeɪzd/adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的253.s portsmanship /ˈspɔːtsmənʃɪp/n.体育精神254.* bronze /brɒnz/n.铜255.m edal /ˈmedl/n.奖牌；勋章256.r esponse /rɪˈspɒns/n.回答，答复257.* gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/n.姿态；手势；姿势258.t ake advantage of sth. 利用某物Reading Club 1259.d efend /dɪˈfend/vi. & vt.保护，保卫260.R eading Club 2261.f lexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/n.灵活性。
品质专业术语
品质专业术语（一）：专业术语QC：品质控制（Quality Control)(1)、QE：品质工程 (Quality Engineering)(2)、QA：品质保证（Quality Assurance）(3)、IQC：进料检验(In Coming Quality Control))(4)、FQC：最终品质检验 (Final Quality contro)(5)、OQC：出货检验(Outgoing Quality Control)(6)、IPQC：制程检验(In process Quality Control)(7)、QCC：品管圈 (Quality Control Circle)(8)、TQM：全面品质经营（Total Quality Manage）或者TQC（Total Quality Control）(9)、SPC：统计制程管制（Statistics Process Control）(10)、COQ：品质成本（Cost Of Quality）(11)、AQL：允收品质水准（Accept Quality Control）（12）、AC:可以接受（13）、Re:拒收（14）、SA:特采使用2、什么叫品质：指具有满足顾客需要和市场潜在能力的总和。
a.有用性b. 安全性c.舒适性d.依赖性3、什么叫管理：指为了有效地达到目标，制定计划并按计划实施的自身活动。
4、什么叫品质管理：指为了最经济地生产出与需要者相符合产品的一切手段。
5、品质管理的基本任务：正确判定和贯彻执行方针和政策，保证和提高产品质的产出物美价廉的产品，经满足客户需要，不断降低成本和提高经济。
6、品质管理的目的：（1）、使其与制品示样一致，使顾客满意（2）、使下道工序的作业不受影响地持续进行（3）、使不再发生错误动作（4）、通过对作业者的检查，使其认识到正在确认的结果（5）、研究改善检查方法7、品质管理的效果：为什么品质管理是必要的，为什么要去做：（1）、使不良品减少，制品的品质均一（2）、制品的成本降低（3）、生产量增加8、品质管制（QC）――为了经济地制造出符合消费者要求的品质之产品或服务之方法体系9、品质保证（QA）----为了保证充分满足消费者所要求的品质，生产和服务者在品质系统内实施并依需要证明其能提供足够的信心。
全新版大学英语2Unit1词汇、短语、语言难点
重点词汇、短语和难句I．核心词汇1.attach用法：v.（1）附上，系上，贴上：He will attach labels to the luggage.他将把标签贴在行李上。
（2）参加，加入：The daughter of millionaire attach herself to an expedition team and later lost herlife in a snowstorm near the North Pole.百万富翁的女儿加入了探险队，后来在北极附近的一次风暴中遇难身亡。
He made a model of an aeroplane.他做了一个飞机（3）爱慕，依恋：She was strongly attach to her home.她非常恋家。
考点：attach sth. To sth.将…系在，贴在…上attach oneself to参加，加入be attached to依恋，爱慕典型考题：He _______his horse to a tree.A. attachB. relatedC. combinedD. placed答案为A。
译文：他将马拴在树上。
attach 系，拴；relate把…和…连接在一起，通常及with连用；combine 结合；place 放置。
记忆法：attachable 可附上的，可拘留的 ;attachment 附上，贴上，参加，爱慕引申：（同）adhere, cling, stick辨析：attach, adhere, cling, stick 都有“粘贴”的含义attach 系上，贴上，常用于结构attach sth. to sth.中，主语为人，强调动作：They attach great importance to the friendship between the two countries. 他们重视两国的友谊。
adhere 指使粘附，（使）附着作vi时，主语为附着物，强调一物附着另一物表面上的状态，常后接介词to引出被附着物：If you decided on a play to win the game, you should adhereto it.如果你赢球的计划有了定案，就该依计划行事。
品质抽检AQL知识普及
品质抽检AQL知识普及
1、AQL定义：英文Accept Quality Level缩写，意为允收品质水准。
2、AQL分16个等：0.01、0.015、0.025、0.040、0.065、0.1、0.15、0.25、0.4、0.65、1.0、1.5、2.5、4.0、6.5、10等级4、AQL设置等级时尊如下原则：
A．依据产品类型不同而改变。
B．依据缺陷的种类而改变。
C．依据客户的特殏要求而改变。
4、缺陷的分类：
致命缺陷：(CRI)：对人的生命或安全造成损害或者构成威胁的缺陷。
主要缺陷(MAJ)：使产品功能或产品结构不符相关要求及严重的外观缺陷的缺陷。
次要缺陷了(MIN)：不影响产品功能和结构，但影响产品外观或客户的购买欲望之缺点。
5公司之抽样计划整理成以下表格，可打印制作成厂牌大小发给QC人员参照（具体参见附页）
附页：
MIL-STD-105D 中一般检验水准Ⅱ：单次抽样(具体抽样细节查看表格)
MIL-STD-105DⅡ级抽样表。
Hi-Flow 控制阀值球阀阀门, 适用于蒸汽和水流控制, 1 2 到2-1 2 大小, 2路或3路
Hi-Flow ™control valves SPECIFICATIONS VALVE BOdy2-way with air-to-open actuator2-way with positionerValves, GlobeVALVES487Hi-Flow ™Control Valves2-Way Simplified Selection Guide with Standard ProductsPipe Size 1/2˝3/4˝1˝1-1/4˝1-1/2˝2˝*2-1/2˝Cv 100%6.4510.7517.4225.3032.1050.3078.60Body MaterialBRONZE316SSBRONZE316SSBRONZE316SSBRONZE 316SSBRONZE 316SSBRONZE 316SSIRONBRONZE 316SSMax USP psi (bar)3-15 (.21-1.0)250(17.2)300(20.7)250(17.2)250(17.2)285(19.7)300(20.7)166(11.4)250(17.2)166(11.4)300(20.7)98(6.8)245(16.9)250(17.2)98(6.8)245(17.0)300(20.7)65(4.5)168(11.6)250(17.2)65(4.5)168(11.6)300(20.7)31(2.1)88(6.1)175(12.1)31(2.1)88(6.1)175(12.1)105(7.2)105(7.2)105(7.2)Ain (mm)19-3/4(501.7)19-3/4(501.7)19-3/4(501.7)20-3/8(517.5)19-3/4(501.7)20-3/8(517.5)20-3/16(512.8)20-13/16(528.6)20-3/16(512.8)20-13/16(528.6)20-5/16(515.9)20-15/16(531.8)25-13/32(645.3)20-5/16(515.9)20-15/16(531.8)25-13/32(645.3)20-11/16(525.5)21-5/16(541.3)25-25/32(654.8)20-11/16(525.5)21-5/16(541.3)25-25/32(654.8)20-15/16(531.8)21-9/16(547.7)26-1/32(661.2)20-15/16(531.8)21-9/16(547.7)26-1/32(661.2)26-1/4(666.8)26-1/4(666.8)26-1/4(666.8)Cin (mm)7-3/4(196.9)7-3/4(196.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4 (196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)13-3/8(339.7)13-3/8(339.7)13-3/8(339.7)Max. USP psi (bar)3-15 (.21-1.0)250(17.2)300(20.7)250(17.2)250(17.2)300(20.7)300(20.7)192(13.2)250(17.2)192(13.2)300(20.7)115(7.9)250(17.2)250(17.2)115(7.9)300(20.7)300(20.7)80(5.5)235(16.2)250(17.2)80(5.5)235(16.2)300(20.7)44(3.0)140(9.7)250(17.2)44(3.0)140(9.7)272(18.8)190(13.1)190(13.1)190(13.1)Bin (mm)18-7/16(468.3)18-7/16(468.3)18-7/16(468.3)19-1/8(485.8)18-7/16(468.3)19-1/8(485.8)18-7/8(479.4)19-9/16(496.9)18-7/8(479.4)19-9/16(496.9)19(482.6)19-11/16(500.1)23-1/8(587.4)19(482.6)19-11/16(500.1)23-1/8(587.4)19-3/8(492.1)20-1/16(509.6)23-1/2(596.9)19-3/8(492.1)201/16(509.6)23-1/2(596.9)19-5/8(498.5)20-5/16(515.9)23-3/4 (603.3)19-5/8(498.5)20-5/16(515.9)23-3/4 (606.3)24-7/16(620.7)24-7/16(620.7)24-7/16(620.7)Cin (mm)7-3/4(196.9)7-3/4(196.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4(196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)7-3/4 (196.9)10-5/8(269.9)13-3/8(339.7)13-3/8(339.7)13-3/8(339.7)13-3/8(339.7)Use the chart below to aid in the selection of Hi-Flow™ Control Valve. As long as the maximum upstream pressure (USP) is less than, or equal to, the value listed, the model shown can be manufactured and calibrated to your specific requirements. Specify maximum upstream pressure, USP, when ordering.Control Valves - Hi-Flow™ Series, 2-Way, Stocked ModelsPipe Size 1/2˝3/4˝1˝1˝1-1/4˝1-1/4˝1-1/2˝2˝2˝Cv100%6.4510.7517.4217.4225.3025.3032.1050.3050.30Body Material Bronze Bronze Bronze Bronze Bronze Bronze Bronze Bronze Bronze Set at USP psig (bar)125 (8.6)125 (8.6)125 (8.6)125 (8.6)98 (6.8)125 (8.6)125 (8.6)88 (6.1)125 (8.6)Adjustable USPRange psig (bar)96-200 (6.8-13.8)81-155 (5.6-10.7)123-166 (8.5-11.5)71-155 (4.9-10.7)66-98 (4.6-6.8)121-165 (8.3-11.4)104-137 (7.2-9.5)68-88 (4.7-6.1)116-145 (8.0-10.0)* Valve has flanged connections. Max. USP (PSI) is for Linear Valves. Consult factory for optional trim.For filters and regulators see pages 562 through 566.CALL TO ORDER | 800/872-9141b Items are subject to Schedule B discounts.Model 2000VA32-230-QS 2001VA32-230-QS 2002VA32-230-QS 2002VA32-231-QS 2003VA32-230-QS 2003VA32-231-QS 2004VA32-231-QS 2005VA32-231-QS 2005VA32-233-QS Price$1118.00b 1159.00b 1251.00b 1374.00b 1340.00b 1463.00b 1621.00b 1756.00b 2191.00b Model(Air-To-Open)2000VA32-2302000VA42-2302001VA32-2302001VA32-2312001VA42-2302001VA42-2312002VA32-2302002VA32-2312002VA42-2302002VA42-2312003VA32-2302003VA32-2312003VA32-2332003VA42-2302003VA42-2312003VA42-2332004VA32-2302004VA32-2312004VA32-2332004VA42-2302004VA42-2312004VA42-2332005VA32-2302005VA32-2312005VA32-2332005VA42-2302005VA42-2312005VA42-2332006VA12-2332006VA32-2332006VA42-233Model(Air-To-Close)2000VA32-2202000VA42-2202001VA32-2202001VA32-2212001VA42-2202001VA42-2212002VA32-2202002VA32-2212002VA42-2202002VA42-2212003VA32-2202003VA32-2212003VA32-2232003VA42-2202003VA42-2212003VA42-2232004VA32-2202004VA32-2212004VA32-2232004VA42-2202004VA42-2212004VA42-2232005VA32-2202005VA32-2212005VA32-2232005VA42-2202005VA42-2212005VA42-2232006VA12-2232006VA32-2232006VA42-223Price$1118.00b 1674.00b 1159.00b 1282.00b 1862.00b 1985.00b 1251.00b 1374.00b 1976.00b 2099.00b 1340.00b 1463.00b 1898.00b 2254.00b 2377.00b 2812.00b 1498.00b 1621.00b 2056.00b 2480.00b 2603.00b 3038.00b 1633.00b 1756.00b 2191.00b 2776.00b 2899.00b 3334.00b 2363.00b 2629.00b 4298.00bPrice$1118.00b 1674.00b 1159.00b 1282.00b 1862.00b 1985.00b 1251.00b 1374.00b 1976.00b 2099.00b 1340.00b 1463.00b 1898.00b 2254.00b 2377.00b 2812.00b 1498.00b 1621.00b 2056.00b 2480.00b 2603.00b 3038.00b 1633.00b 1756.00b 2191.00b 2776.00b 2899.00b 3334.00b 2363.00b 2629.00b 4298.00bUse the standard models chart to aid in the selection of the most economical Hi-Flow Way Control Valve for your application. Specify maximum upstream pressures (USP’s);; Diverting: USPC; based on standard 3-15 psi (.21-1.0 bar) pneumaticFor diverting service, add USP U and USP C to determine the shutoff pressure. For mixing service compute: (USP U- USP C) + (USP L- USP C) to determine the shutoff pressure.Dimension DataControl Valves, 3-Way Simplified Selection Guide with StandardUSP(S)PSI (bar)250(17.2)300(20.7)250(17.2)300(20.7)200(13.8)250(17.2)200(13.8)300(20.7)120(8.4)250(17.2)120(8.3)300(20.7)80(5.6)200(13.8)250(17.2)80(5.5)200Model3000WA32-2203000WA42-2203001WA32-2203001WA42-2203002WA32-2203002WA32-2213002WA42-2203002WA42-2213003WA32-2203003WA32-2213003WA42-2203003WA42-2213004WA32-2203004WA32-2213004WA32-2233004WA42-2203004WA42-221Price$1674.00b2366.00b1835.00b2633.00b1989.00b2112.00b2768.00b2891.00b2216.00b2339.00b3197.00b3320.00b2413.00b2536.00b2971.00b3603.00b3726.00bDWYER INSTRUMENTS, INC. 488。
任务2-1 PDCA循环在食品质量管理中的应用
统计质量控制阶段缺点：
过分强调质量控制的统计方法，忽视其组织管理 工作，使得人们误认为“质量管理就是统计方法”，数 理统计方法理论比较深奥，是“质量管理专家的事情”， 因而对质量管理产生了一种“高不可攀、望而生畏”的 感觉。这在一定程度上限制了质量管理统计方法的普及 推广。
⑶ 全面质量管理（TQM）阶段
主要通过日常的 检验、试验调整 和配备必要的资 源，维持现有的 质量水平。
质量改进与质量控制都是质量管理的重要组成部分，质量控制是 联系 质量改进的基础，质量改进是将质量控制提升到一个新的高度和水平。
2.质量管理的发展 ⑴ 质量检验阶段 采用“检验法” 制造产品
检验
判断
合 格
入库
不合格
返工
优点： 设立专职检验职能
又称“品质管理”
指在质量方面指挥和控制组织的协调 的活动。
包括质量方针、质量目标、质量控制、质量保证和质量改进。
包括： — 制定质量方针和目标。 — 质量策划：定目标、过程和资源。 — 质量控制：致力于满足要求。 — 质量保证：提供信任。 — 质量改进：增强满足要求的能力。
质量体系是指为实施质量管理所需要的组织结构、 职责、程序、过程和资源。
TQM
（Total Quality Management）
全面质量管理
以质量为中心，以全员参与为基础，目的在于通 过让顾客满意和相关方受益而达到长期成功的一种管理 途径。
注：相关方是指本组织所有者、员工、供方、合作伙伴或社会。
全面质量管理概念最早见于美国菲根堡姆博士 1961年发表的《全面质量管理》一书。
质量改进概念的理解（与质量控制比较）
实现目标不 同
解决问题不同
最终结果不同
quality score 二代测序
Quality Score 二代测序1. 什么是Quality Score？Quality Score（质量分数）是在二代测序中用来评估测序数据质量的指标。
在二代测序中，DNA或RNA样本会被分解成短片段，并通过高通量测序技术进行测序。
每个片段都会被测序仪读取多次，形成一个序列数据集。
Quality Score是对每个测序片段的测序质量进行评估的数值。
它反映了测序片段的可靠性和准确性，对于后续的生物信息学分析和数据解读至关重要。
2. Quality Score的计算方法Quality Score是通过测序仪读取测序片段时，对每个碱基进行质量评估得出的。
在二代测序中，常用的Quality Score计算方法有两种：Phred Score和Solexa Score。
2.1 Phred ScorePhred Score是最常用的Quality Score计算方法之一。
它是基于碱基的测序错误概率计算得出的质量分数。
Phred Score的计算公式如下：Q = -10 * log10(P)其中，Q表示Quality Score，P表示碱基的测序错误概率。
Phred Score的取值范围是0到40，数值越高表示测序质量越高，错误概率越低。
2.2 Solexa ScoreSolexa Score是Illumina公司独有的Quality Score计算方法。
它也是基于碱基的测序错误概率计算得出的质量分数。
Solexa Score的计算公式如下：Q = -10 * log10(P / (1 - P))其中，Q表示Quality Score，P表示碱基的测序错误概率。
Solexa Score的取值范围是-5到62，数值越高表示测序质量越高，错误概率越低。
与Phred Score相比，Solexa Score在测序质量较低时能够提供更高的分辨率。
3. Quality Score的应用Quality Score是二代测序中非常重要的指标，它在以下几个方面都有重要的应用：3.1 数据筛选Quality Score可以用于筛选测序数据，去除质量较低的片段。
任务2-1制订合同的品质条款模板
哪些商品适合用样品来表示品质？
样品的含义 definition of sample
A sample is a small quantity of products, often taken out from a whole lot or specially designed and processed.
（二）品质的含义
品质是商品的内在质量和外观形态的综合。 内在质量包括商品的物理性能、机械性能、化
学成分和生物特性等 外观形态是人们的感官直接可以感觉到的外型
特征，包括商品的大小、长短、结构、造型、 款式、色泽、光滑粗糙程度及味觉、嗅觉等
1、品质条款的重要性 importance of quality clause
Sample provided by the seller
（2）凭买方样品成交 buyer’s sample
Sample provided by the buyer
“凭买方样品买卖”，在我国又称为“来样制 作”
但是在确认按照买方提交的样品成交前，卖方 必须充分考虑按来样制作特点产品所需的原材 料供应、加工技术、设备和生产安排的可行性， 以确保日后得以正确履约。
商品名称
皮革或再生皮革制专供运动 用手套
毛制其他针织或钩编手套
塑料或橡胶浸渍的非运动手 套
皮革或再生皮革制的劳保手 套
进口关税税率 20%
14% 14%
20%
Example
一家公司出口苹果酒，品名写为“CIDER”， 结果遭到拒付。原因是这个词除了苹果酒的 意思之外，还有苹果汁的意思，海关无从收 税。正确的写法应为“APPLE WINE”。
Origin 说明书和图样
Description and
品质不良重要度等级区分（Qualitydifferencegrade）
品质不良重要度等级区分（Quality difference grade）Quality difference grade(I) nonconforming and nonconforming products;(1) GB/T19000-2000 defines unqualified as: not meet the requirement. Failure to include products, processes, and systems does not meet requirements, so nonconformities include nonconforming and nonconforming items. Among them, all finished and semi-finished products, raw materials, parts and pieces of product drawings, cooperative control process documents, technical standards for inspection and testing, is judged to be one or more quality characteristics (not meet) does not meet the requirements, collectively referred to as unqualified products.(2) in the whole process of product formation, due to the influence of various factors, there may be some products that do not conform to the product drawings, process documents and technical standards. At the same time, some defective raw materials, fittings, purchased parts and so on may also be purchased. If the products are judged to be not up to the specified requirements by inspection, they are not qualified.(3) one of the important tasks of quality inspection, is in the process of removing and isolating the unqualified products formed in the whole product, unqualified products timely eliminate and prevent misuse or isolation, can ensure that the error formation of unqualified products.(two) substandard classification;1. the concept of nonconforming classification involves a great deal of quality characteristics in the process of product and product formation, and the importance of these quality characteristics varies.Disqualification is the performance of quality deviating from the specified requirements, and this deviation is different due to the difference in the quality of its quality and the degree of deviation from the specification. Unqualified severity classification, that is, the quality of the product may be substandard, according to its impact on the suitability of the product classification, listed specific classification table, accordingly implementation management.Substandard grades were used earlier in the United states. In 1940s, the Baer system was graded within the company on the importance of quality characteristics and the severity of nonconformities. During the Second World War, the United States Department of defense adopted this grading scheme.2. role of nonconforming grading(1) the key points of the test can be clearly defined. The severity grading by all kinds of unqualified influence on the applicability of product, can make the inspection work, grasp the key, the key is to better grasp the quality of the products in the inspection of the inspection personnel and improve the efficiency of inspection.(2) it is beneficial to choose better acceptance sampling plan.In the use of sampling standards, for acceptable quality level, AQL value determination and unqualified batch judgment and treatment, can be based on the severity of the different grades of substandard make different choice.(3) it is convenient for comprehensive evaluation of product quality. Through unqualified grading, the quality of products can be a number of unqualified overall evaluation. For example, the product of the inspection results recorded statistics, to the lowest level of substandard as the base, and the rest of the various levels weighted by the severity of the calculation, the relative comparison. This method can be used to a certain operation organization, operation personnel or a product (including spare parts) arising from the actual failure, weighted comprehensive comparison with the same base, which makes the evaluation more scientific, meticulous, relative to the quality level of evaluation, to ensure and improve the product quality to provide the basis for evaluating the establishment the incentive mechanism.(4) grading and implementing management of nonconforming products plays an important role in bringing into full play the effectiveness of comprehensive quality management and quality inspection functions. As in the quality audit, according to the specific requirements of product and customer feedback unqualified project information in the classification of unqualified products, you can objectively evaluate the level of product quality, to improve the effectiveness of the audit.(three) the principle of unqualified severity classification;The classification of nonconforming severity is the principle to be considered:(1) the importance of the quality characteristics specified. The nonconformity of high-grade quality characteristics is also high in severity.(2) the degree of influence on the applicability of the product. Nonconformity severity classification cannot be determined solely by the importance of quality characteristics,Also from the use and safety, economy, and share of the market share of comprehensive consideration, resulting in substandard products should be how to deal with the decision.(3) the degree of dissatisfaction that a customer may reflect. The stronger the customer's dissatisfaction, the greater its severity.(4) in addition to the functional quality characteristics, the grading of nonconforming quality shall include the non functional factors such as appearance and packaging.(5) the influence of disqualification on the next operation process (process).Table 44-3 is a common example mode of mechanical product failure classification principle; table 4.4-4 is a comprehensive principle of food industry the severity of the sample; table 4.4-5 is the severity of sample car failed; 4.4-6 phone book unqualified severity is defined.Table 44-6 definition of nonconformity severity (telephone book)Definition of nonconforming product (principle)Significant disorder:Class A: very critical, in critical condition - 100 pointsThis class does not make any qualified phone book can not be used, and will cause the majority of subscribers are not satisfied, criticism or opposition (for example, completely unable to identify the page, post bar, column, page, or lack of lack of posts; mismatched, upside down, a page or a book, no serious or nailed; bleeding pages).Class B: serious, not yet critical - 50 pointsThis kind of unqualified make phone book any part (1 or 2) can not be used, or a large part of reading difficulties, or (a) will inevitably lead to dissatisfaction, few subscribers criticism or opposition, or (b) may cause the majority of subscribers are not satisfied, criticism or opposition (for example, completely unable to reading, missing, or mismatched items, words, or a part of the classified ads column or classified ads not completely see or almost unreadable) small unqualified:Class C: moderate to severe, deducted 10 pointsThis kind of unqualified generally does not make any part of the phone book can not be used, at the same time (a) must not cause the subscriber complaints, criticism or opposition, who (b) may cause a few subscribers against the action (such as project or line there are several reading difficulties (deformation or hair). Dirty, wrinkle, damaged pages or cover printed text; double row; ink unevenness; uneven on the page; no blank side).Level 4: no serious - 1 points deductedThis kind of unqualified will probably attract subscribers against the action (such as the general appearance of the project is not to make people not satisfied, such as slight stains or dirt spots on a page or cover lightly bent corner; nail feet slightly; the empty edge slightly different).Note: the severity has always been based on a possible reaction to the subscriber's dissatisfaction.(four) the level of unqualified severity classification;At present, China's national standards recommend the unqualified divided into 3 grades. Classification should not be too fine, and the smaller the division, the more difficult it is to distinguish between grades. Some sectors of our country will be divided into three grades, the codes are A, B, C, and some industries are divided into four levels.1. is divided into three grades, not qualified(1) a disqualification. The extremely important quality characteristics of unit products do not meet the requirements, or the quality characteristics of unit products are extremely serious and do not meet the requirements. It is called a class a disqualification.(2) class B is not qualified. The important quality characteristics of unit products do not meet the requirements, or the quality characteristics of unit products are seriously out of line, which is called substandard B.(3) class C is not qualified. The general quality characteristics of unit products do not meet the requirements, or the quality characteristics of unit products are slightly out of line, which is called substandard C.From the above classification can be seen, substandard classification level is not only related to the quality of the importance of the characteristics, but also with the severity of the failure related.2. is divided into four grades, not qualifiedThe US Baer system divides the severity of nonconformities into four grades.(1) class A - very serious (unqualified score 100):It is sure to cause the parts to fail in operation and difficult to correct in the field, such as the disconnection of the relay coil;It is sure to cause the malfunction of the gap, and it is difficult to determine its location on the spot, such as the connection is not real;It will make the parts completely out of order, such as the telephone dial can not be restored to its normal position;Under normal use, it is easy to cause personal injury or property damage, such as wiring, showing a sharp edge.(2) B class - serious (unqualified score 50 points):It may cause the parts to malfunction in operation and difficult to correct in the field, such as the defects of the shaft bolt protecting coating;It will cause the parts to fail in operation, but it is easy to correct in the field, such as bad contact of relay;It is bound to cause trouble that has not been seriously operational, for example, the safety unit can not operate at a given voltage;Fourth, will inevitably lead to increased maintenance or shorten the life expectancy, such as single contact disk substandard products;Will greatly increase the difficulty of customer installation, such as installation hole dislocation;The most serious appearance or coating failure, such as coating colors with other components do not match, need to re paint.(3) C class - medium serious (unqualified score 10 points):It may cause parts to fail in operation, such as exposure below the minimum;Faults that may not cause serious failure to operate, such as ringing, are not operating within a specified range;May cause to increase the number of maintenance or shorten the life, such as contact parts dirty;The resulting small difficult installation of the customer, such as installing bracket distortion;A larger appearance, coating, or process failure, such as a marked scratch in the coating.(4) D level - not serious (disqualification score 1):It does not affect the operation, maintenance, or service life of components in use, including deviations from process requirements, such as sleeves being too long or too short;Minor defects in appearance, coating, or workmanship, such as slight scratches on the coating.The classification of unqualified grades will be different for different industries and different products, and should bedetermined according to specific conditions.(five) classification of unqualified products severity;(1) product failure severity principle (standard) is a standard management file (the nature of producers can be programmed into the organization management standard), constitute a document is not a product inspection plan, which reflects anon-conforming product severity grading table is part of the product inspection plan.(2) the unqualified severity scale is based on the severity of the unqualified principle (standard), according to the quality characteristics of specific products may appear unqualified for the severity grading, grading table should be a clear list of unqualified items, status and severity level. Table 4.4-7 and table 4.4-8 are two grades of nonconforming product severity, which are specific to the classification principle of nonconforming severity.(3) mastering the unqualified grading list of products, we can master the key of a product inspection and determine the inspection methods adopted,If the quality characteristics of the project need to be examined, which can be self check, cross check, determine the frequency of inspection and the number of inspection; determine which projects need to prepare inspection instructions (procedures). Therefore, grasp and make good use of scale not only to improve the detection quality and efficiency and reduce the cost of inspection is of great significance, and theformation process of the design of products for inspection planning and preparation of relevant inspection documents (such as inspection instruction) has a direct role in guiding.。
Quality-101-training-for-the-hourly-workforce-2
Customer Retention and Value 维系客户和价值 Reputation 业界声誉和影响力 Safety 安全 Legal Issues 法律法规要求
因此，作业指导书是根据生产线专门制作的，不能进行偏差
– Any deviation from the written procedure/instruction requires prior authorization from engineering/quality.
如果是受控的流程或作业指导书需要进行偏差，必须在执行前得到 工程和质量的批准
may not copy it, use it, or disclose the information contained within it without written authorization of Dana Holding Corporation. Unauthorized use may result in prosecution.
© Dana 2012
7
Work Instructions – why we have/follow them…
It is possible to change work instruction after all aspects of the change has been evaluated – by Quality/engineering/Manufacturing with the customer and you.
高中英语选择性必修二Unit1 writing教学设计课件
Answer the questions below using the information from the texts.
1. Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”? Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research.
2. How was Hawking’s own theory proven correct? Astronomers used their telescopes to prove his work on the big bang theory.
1. Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
2. Qian’s strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist’s development.
devoted
creative
A world of pure thought
Overall Introduction (Para 1)
Reasons of achieving fame(Para 2)
Characteristics that made him great(Para 3)
Scientific Spirit
转折关系
However Nevertheless
因果关系
because
例证
such as
并列和递进
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2.1.5 主要產品 / 服務特點與他們相對的重要性 / 价值
a富士高 = 經營方針 + 設計方針 + 生產條件
要求 事項
b.社會環境 = 政策、法令 + 社會要求
c.買家
功能 / 成本分析 Value Engineering
用戶= 使用目的 + 使用環境
確定功能要求 搜集設計 / 製造資料
主要產品/服務特點 相對重要性
競爭對手
品質 服務
2.1.1.2.1.1.-6 目標客戶之釐定
二零零二年度強、 二零零二年度強、弱、危、机分析
1.
-
強 / 优勢
完善的品質管理系統 強大生產力及技術支援隊伍 Vertical Integration 垂直性綜合式企業發展策略 Fujikon Industrial Holdings Limited
客戶溝 通資料 紀錄
銷售分 柝及預 測紀錄
客戶合 約、合 同紀錄
2.1.2-2 釐定客戶之要求 2.1.2Financial Data Database (Sun Account Hyperion)
Sales Analysis System Complaints Management
Production / shipping Database (China->HK)
Transducers Division (FAS)
2.1.1.2.1.1.-7 目標客戶之釐定
2. 弱點
- 缺乏直接零售經驗
3. 机會
- 世界經濟衰退 消費者購買力
一般消費品價格調低壓力
歐、美、日等 世界知名生產商 均需降低成本
外判机會 4. 危机
- 台、中 的競爭對手
2.1.1.2.1.1.-8 目標客戶之釐定
了解客戶 要求及需 要
快捷處 理問題 或投訴
客戶 要求
快捷/準時 / 交貨‧一流 服務
提供 ErrorFree 高品質 及價錢合理的 產品與服務
2.2.4 與客戶建立長期合作伙伴關係
品質誠諾 輸入 1勞工 2材料 3資金 4R&D 5能源 6其他 客戶意見 /要求 要求 1市場研究 2高品質 3低成本 4安全可靠產品 流程管理 顧客 輸出 2服務 1成品
2.2.1-2 主要客戶的聯絡要求 2.2.1“客戶分類評級原則” 計算表
Criteria A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 B) 12 13 14 15 16 17 Average Profit Margin Payment Ter Average Delay Payback Period (Actual Annual Sales Amount on Fujikon (Past Financial Year) Past average growth rate (Past 3 years) Length of doing business with us Contributions to our Co. Image Contributions to our market share * Contributions to our Tech./product improvement Contributions to our quality improvement Any potential to do business with our subsidies (Cross Sales) Weighting
2.1.1.2.1.1.-1 目標客戶之釐定
內 主 要 競 爭 對 手 分 析 析 手 分 析 分 對 核 爭 評 競 門 要 部 主 各 部
富士高
P.E.S.T 分 析
2.1.1.2.1.1.-2 目標客戶之釐定
部門目標
市場資料 搜集、綜合
抱負、使命、信念
經營策略 、方針
目標客戶群 OEM/ODM 歐、美、日 MM/TL/AU
Potential procurement value to FIC in coming year Past year's procurement value related to FIC's product ranges Year of Establishment Business Nature Target Market (Global/Regional/National) Strategic Fit with FIC's marketing strategies 0
客戶 問卷調查
競爭對手 分折
標杆企業 調查
2.3.3 顧客滿意度的調查結果與公司質量計劃之關係
部門質 量目標
Precision Metal Division (FPMP)
PVC Division (NFE)
Electro-acoustic Products Division (FIC)
Packaging & Cushion Division (FPMC)
Power Adapters Division (FIL)
2.1.1.2.1.1.-5 目標客戶之釐定
二零零二年度主要競爭對手
價格
1. Antonio Precise Products Mfg Ltd. 2. Cobalt Industrial Co. Ltd 3. Globe Audio Products Mfg. Ltd. 4. Cheung Fung Scientific Co. Ltd. 5. Yuen-In Co. Ltd.
內部要求
用戶或 顧客要求
產品 要求
2.1.3-2 不同要求的區分及權衡 2.1.3準則 : 1. 完全符合國家 / 國際法規的要求 2. 成本估價分析 3.. 生產 / 技術分析 (研制費用、成功率) 4. 預測收益 5. 個別顧客重要性 PDB (Product Development Brief / 新產品要求簡要)
2. 人為疏忽 - Fail Safe Designs - Redundancy - Foolproofing (Error-proofing) - Automation, robotics 3. 缺乏經驗 / 技術 - 培訓、研習講座 4. 意識觀念上的誤差 - Quality Audit Plan for Each Model
Market Research, Customer Survey, PDM
Campaign Management System Contact Management System
Customer contact and action plans Database
2.1.3-1 不同要求的區分及權衡 2.1.3國家或國際法規 要求(100%)
2.2.2 尋求協助或提出投訴机制
客戶投訴/ 客戶投訴/ 需要改善 或協助 “處理事情 快 + 妥” “Keep it Simple; Keep it Quick”
Team Approach 團隊參與
2.2.32.2.3-1 投訴管理過程
2.2.3- 投訴的匯總、 2.2.3-2 投訴的匯總、分柝報告應用到將來的改善項目中
Order Checking System Segmentation (Scoring) System
CRM
Sales records Database (Manova)
Quotation Records Databases
Quotation System Research Management System
2.1.4-1 產品如何符合及滿足要求 2.1.4-
快速手辦鑄造 技術及儀器
Silicon Tooling
Silicon Tooling Sample
2.1.4-2 預防及補求計劃 (Remedies) : 2.1.41. 錯誤演繹 (Misinterpretation) 術語彙集 (Glossary) 設計守則及檢查項目 (Design Guidelines & Check lists) 實辦參巧庫
搜集成本 /目標利潤資料 /競爭對手成本分析
2.2.1-1 主要客戶的聯絡要求 2.2.11. 以往 : Pareto Analysis
2. 客戶分類 (2002年開始) (2002年開始 年開始)
- 17項評分標準 五類顧客 (Diamond 、 Platinum 、 Gold 、Silver 、Copper)
供應商
TQM 1. 持續改善 2. 團隊合作 3. Zero Defect 4. 預防錯漏
2.2.5 客戶要求之轉達
Team Approach 團隊參與 - Project Team - 定期匯報 - 文件紀錄
2.3.1 顧客滿意度
客戶投訴的 數量 客戶的年生意 增長率
部門 目標
客戶問卷 調查
2.3.2 客戶對競爭對手及標杆企業的滿意度之獲得及使用
2.1.1.2.1.1.-3 目標客戶之釐定
公司策略方針、目標 與世界知名電子產品品牌製造商建立合 作伙伴關係 部門目標 1發掘潛質客戶 2加強與現有潛質客戶的關係 3提高顧客滿意度 4擴大市場佔有率
2.1.1.2.1.1.-4 目標客戶之釐定
2002年度 : P.E.S.T分析 : 政治、經濟、社會、科技研究
1. 政治環境及政府政策
• a) 越來越多政府開始立法規定 “駕駛者” 需使用 “免提耳机裝置” b) 911事件令中東局勢不明朗, 美國有可能發動多邊戰爭
2. 經濟環境 a) 中國巳加入 W.T.O., 預料中國經濟及國民消費力將迅速增長 b) 美國市場難望有突破性增張 c) “EURO” 巳正式成為流通貨幣 3. 社會環境 a) 單身或遲婚人口持續上升 ->追求优化生活 b) 出生率持續下降 -> 每個家庭中小孩子數量減小 4. 科技 / 產品趨勢 a) 藍牙技術日漸成熟及普遍 b) 家庭影院日漸普遍