(最新实用)2020年高考英语二轮复习考点学与练专题15 任务型阅读(讲)

专题15 任务型阅读
高考任务型阅读主要考查考生在限定的时间内获取信息、加工处理信息、综合概括信息和表达信息的能力。

相对于阅读理解，它更注重对考生在语言输入的基础上加强语言输出能力的考查，要求对摄取信息进行分析、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行综合运用，属于综合能力考查题。

考题形式主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以议论文和说明文为主，阅读量大。

统计数据表明：在近三年的江苏高考任务型阅读中，原词再现题与词义转换归纳题所占的比例较大。

高考任务型阅读将继续坚持在词汇转换、句式转换、段落归纳能力的考查的基础上，加强对考生文章大意、文章结构、提纲和框架的考查。

同时会加大对题目信息的寻找难度，考查考生能力的考点会相对增加。

任务型阅读侧重考查语篇分析和文章脉络的剖析，即考查文章的结构和框架。

考生要在分析了解文章篇章结构的基础上，认真对照图表上所要完成的任务，逐一对照原文进行信息的筛选。

任务型阅读要求考生不但要掌握具体事实情节，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等，掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想；既要理解文章的含义及逻辑关系，又要根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理，运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题。

一、常用阅读方法
1．扫读
扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，理清其显示的层次关系，明确任务要求。

要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。

一般题目的结构是：
(1)全文的标题：在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。

(2)各段大意：试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。

(3)对各段大意的详细的阐述：从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。

2．略读
快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即主题句和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本框架结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。

同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。

表格项目可能就是根据文章的
结构而设计的。

3．细读
精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。

如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。

4．复读
填写表格后要通读所填内容，通观全篇，核对文章和任务，确保准确性。

二、常用突破方法
1．阅读文章前观察图表(表格的结构和填空句的结构)
认真阅读表格及其中的内容，注意其横向、纵向的类别规律和表达方式。

(1)是否有标题/是否需要填标题(利用所给标题了解文章大意)。

(2)浏览表格，大致了解文章结构(利用已给信息了解文章主线)。

(3)是否需要统一的形式(短语类还是句子类)。

2．阅读文章后进行填词
(1)通览全文，利用表格中的信息提示，准确地在文中找到答案的信息来源。

(2)选词要尽可能完整，准确地表达出文中信息(先确定词意，再确定词性，最后确定所选词的适当的词形变化)。

①动词要注意时态、语态和非谓语形式的变化。

②名词要注意数和格的变化。

③形容词、副词要注意各自不同的修饰功能和比较级、最高级。

④连词要注意行文的逻辑关系。

⑤注意字母的大小写。

3．填词后通读表格
(1)再次确保答案与表格内容的一致性。

(2)注意语意是否流畅，确保语意和语法两方面都正确。

[典例]
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个
．．最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colors in the world? Do you know why people living in
particular areas usually have a certain color? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.
Skin contains something called melanin，which determines a person’s skin color.The more melanin a person has，the darker his or her skin will be.The amount of and the production of melanin are controlled by genetics，but can be affected by other things，such as sunlight.If a person lives in a place with less sunlight，a person’s body will produce less melanin，making the skin lighter.
Skin color is also affected by another source—vitamin D．Humans all need vitamin D to build bones.People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk，or from sunlight，so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production.Therefore，a dark­skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light­skinned person when they receive the same amount of sunlight.
The connection between vitamin D production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution.The earliest humans lived in Africa，and they produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin.As a result，their skin made less melanin，so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D．Their skin gradually got lighter.Now，people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa，have darker skin，while people living in other areas have lighter skin.The exception to this is the Inuit，who live in a place with little sunlight，but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D．
Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors.Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color.What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived.This has in turn changed our melanin production，and eventually，skin color.
A World of Skin Color
Brief
1．__________________People living in a particular 2.____________usually have the same skin color and there are many different skin colors in the world.
Reasons for skin colors The reasons for different skin colors mainly 3.____________in biology and history.
Biology reasons •The amount of melanin，by which a person’s skin color is
4.____________，varies from people to people.The more melanin
a person has，the 5.____________ his or her skin will be.•Vitamin D is another source 6.____________ skin color.Vitamin D is necessary for humans to build bones.Sunlight contributes to
vitamin D in the skin.
Historical reasons •The earliest people in Africa had dark skin.
•When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to 7.____________ vitamin D，their skin color became lighter.
•Generally speaking，people in areas with strong sunlight，have darker skin 8.____________ people in other areas have lighter skin.
9.__________________Melanin 10.____________ an important role in our skin
color.With our living environment changing，melanin production is changed，which leads to the changes in our skin color.
[解题思路]
1．审题
(1)审题目要求
①是否可用文中的词填写。

②弄清字数限制。

此任务阅读限定每个空格只填一个词；对是否用文中的词填写没有限制，即可用文中的词。

(2)审任务设置类型
①表格式。

(结构常为对比陈述；通常分左右栏，左栏为文章提纲，右栏为文章细节。

)
此短文设置为表格任务型。

左栏为文章提纲：brief introduction，reasons for skin colors，biology reasons, historical reasons，conclusion；右栏为支撑每一topic的细节。

②树状式。

(结构常为先总后分；通常分上下框，上框为topic sentences，下框为supporting sentences。

)
2．阅读
(1)读图表(快速浏览，了解短文的写作提纲。

)
浏览图表，了解：topic sentence 1→details；topic sentence 2→details...
(2)读短文
①快读：快速浏览全文，抓住文章主题，同时结合图表，洞悉文章结构。

Paragraph 1→Topic sentence 1...
②细读：仔细阅读，获取充分信息，查出答题的对应信息点。

第一空Paragraph 1归纳结构类词；
第二空对应信息点为why people living_in_particular_areas usually have...。

第三空对应信息点为Biology and history are the two reasons for this.要求学会同义转换。

第四空对应信息点为which_determines_a person’s skin color。

第五空对应信息点为．..the darker his or her skin will be.。

第六空对应信息点为Skin color is also affected_by another source—vitamin D．。

第七空对应信息点为．..a dark­skinned person will produce less...。

第八空对应信息点为．..have darker skin，while people...。

第九空对应信息点为Paragraph 5归纳结构类词。

第十空对应信息点为．..had melanin to determine our skin color.。

3．答题
(1)结构类的词：
①熟记常见结构类词汇。

归纳掌握常见的表达文章结构的概括性词汇：introduction(导入)，cause/reason(原因)，advantage(优点)，disadvantage(不足)，attitude(态度)，result/effect/consequence(结果)，suggestion/advice/tip(建议)，dos和don’ts等。

②确定答案。

a．联系图表左栏的上下栏，确定用词及词的形式。

(大小写、单复数、动词＋­ing等)
b．联系图表左栏与之相对应的右栏的细节，归纳结构类用词和词的形式。

(大小写、单复数、动词＋­ing 等)
(2)细节类的词：
①明确信息点。

细读文章，明确答题的相应信息点在文中的具体位置，确定用词后归纳用词。

②联系上下前后。

a．对照短文中的信息点，联系图表右栏的上下栏目，确定用词。

(文中原词或归纳的词的形式——大小写、单复数、动词＋­ing等)
b．对照短文中的信息点，联系所填词的前后，确定用词(文中原词或归纳的词)的形式。

③敲定答案。

根据短文信息点，联系填空上下前后，敲定答案。

第一空introduction；第九空conclusion，联系图表上下前后开头字母大写、单数。

第二空信息点为areas，联系前后搭配a...故用area。

第三空同义转换are→lie in。

第四空信息点为．..which determines...，联系前后搭配．..color is...转换为determined。

第五空信息点为．..the darker his or her...，故用darker。

第六空信息点为．..is also affected by...，联系前后句子结构故用affecting作后置定语。

第七空信息点为．..will produce less vitamin...联系前后to...，故用原形produce。

第八空信息点为．..skin，while people living in other...，故用while。

第十空信息点为．..had melanin to determine our...联系前后搭配故用plays。

4．检查
检查单词的拼写、大小写、单复数、时态、语态等。

[答案] 1.introduction 2.area 3.lie 4.determined
5．darker 6.affecting7.produce8.while
9．Conclusion10.plays
三、常用训练方法
1．信息查找题
解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。

常用方法是带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记。

如：
(1)5W and 1H：who，what，when，where，why，how
(2)时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally
(3)因果：because，thus，lead to，cause，as a result of
(4)比较：similarly，differently，likeness，unlike，alike，common，just as，either...or
(5)转折：but，while，however，instead，on the contrary
2．信息转换题
解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。

常见的转换方式有：
(1)词性转换。

即练习将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换等。

解题方法很简单，只要在文中找到关键词即可。

以2014年高考安徽卷为例：
①原文：Many young people listen to classical music without realising.
转换成表格中：Many young people don’t 78.____________some music they listen to is classical.
分析：抓住关键词realising，将它转换为动词。

答案为realise(realize)/know/recognise (recognize)。

②原文：Also，some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas：
转换成表格中：Classical ideas provide a 79.____________for producing new music.
分析：抓住关键词based，将它转换为名词。

答案为basis。

③原文：...it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912，but it is now used by young people in pop music.
转换成表格中：Young people now 80.____________ rap in popular music.
分析：抓住关键词used，将其被动形式转换为主动形式。

答案为use。

④原文：Nowadays，you don’t need to get aching arms from practising.A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.
转换成表格中：A young man can write and make music on a computer 82.____________ in his bedroom.
分析：抓住关键词comfort，将其名词形式转换为副词。

答案为comfortably。

⑤原文：...but when it comes to enjoying classical music，it depends on the piece of music.
转换成表格中：Classical music may still be 85.____________ by young people today.
分析：抓住关键词enjoying，将其转换为enjoyed。

答案为enjoyed。

(2)句子结构转换。

做此类题首先要理解题意，其次仔细比较原句和题目，明白出题人的意图，只要找出题眼就不难得出答案。

以2014年高考安徽卷为例：
①原文：...if you look at the audience at a classical concert，the majority is over the age of fifty.
转换成表格中：77.____________of the audience at a classical concert are over fifty.
分析：句中the majority＝most of the audience。

答案为Most。

②原文：A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to refer to a great variety of music，from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队)．
转换成表格中：“Classical music”can refer to various 83.____________ of music.
分析：根据原文句意可知：古典音乐可以被用来指各种各样的音乐。

句中 a great variety of＝various kinds/types/sorts of。

答案为kinds/types/sorts。

③原文：A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to refer to a great variety of music，from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队)．
转换成表格中：Classical music 84.____________ from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.
分析：根据原文句意可知：古典音乐的范围包含爵士乐到大的管弦乐队。

答案为ranges(范围从……到……变化)。

(3)同义词和反义词转换。

即练习将一词的反义词找出来。

做此类题的技巧如下：
①以前缀和后缀来表示，例如happy—unhappy，like—dislike等。

例如：
原句：She thought her husband was faithful to her.But the discovery shocked her.
转换为：The discovery that her husband was____________to her was a shocking to her.
分析：由原句中的后半句可知Her husband was not faithful to her。

因此需要找出一个词和not faithful意义相同的词。

答案：unfaithful。

②有很多词并没有前缀和后缀形式标志，如old—young，long—short，different—same等。

例如：
原句：He seldom visited his friend Tom after the quarrel last time.
转换为：But for the quarrel last time，he would be a ____________visitor to his friend Tom.
分析：仔细分析原句，可知本题关键是找出seldom的反义词，而且能修饰visitor。

答案：frequent。

③以词组形式出现，如：be good at—be weak in，get into—get out of，turn on—turn off，turn down—turn up，be awake—be asleep，catch up with—fall behind，both...and...—neither...nor...等。

例如：原句：Everything in the house was neat and tidy.But the naughty boy changed it thoroughly.
转换为：The naughty boy left everything in the house in a ____________．
分析：本题关键是找出一个和in搭配的固定短语作为neat and tidy的反义短语。

答案：mess。

3．信息归纳题
(1)解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找出共性的东西。

(2)归纳词的特征：
①概括性(在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)
②针对性(量体裁衣，大小适度)
③准确性(简洁)
(3)一般来说，左边一栏基本都是概括题型，有定义、标题概括，建议、方法概括，结论概括。

①定义、标题概括，此类题一般在图表的第一空，可以在文章第一段找出信息，都是对本文title 的一个定义解释。

如
a.
The definition of advertising Advertising is the business of drawing public attention to goods and services，and performed through various media.
b.
Topic Learning to understand
c.
Introduction
Destructive forces of nature refer to natural disasters like tsunamis and
earthquakes.
②建议、方法概括。

_Suggestions/Advice/Tips•Nod in agreement and make some sounds of understanding
while a difficult person is speaking.
•Repeat some words that you have heard.
•Collect information about the person’s expressions and find
his intention.
•Give a summary of what the person has said.
•Confirm that the person gains satisfaction from speaking his
thoughts.
③结论概括。

把握文章的中心思想，抓住作者的写作意图，最终得出一个结论。

a.
Conclusion Sunshine has both positive and negative effect on health and it determines the mood of people.Balance is needed in enjoying sunshine.
b.
Conclusion Children should be taught what life is and how to deal with it.
c.
Comment
You may unlock the doors to difficult people’s minds after you listen and
understand.
d.
Summary These terrible disasters couldn’t be avoided.
e.
Consequences •When these terrible disasters occur in some parts of the world，they destroy properties and lives.
•People in these parts go through the suffering that only exists in our imagination.
• Some people out there have to stay where they are.They can’t afford to move away，as jobs in other places might not be available.
四、常用词汇及词组转换
原因与结果：reason(for)，cause(of)；result，effect，consequence
异同点与优缺点：difference，similarity；advantage/benefit，
disadvantage
功能：function
观点与态度：opinion，view(on/about)，viewpoint，idea；attitude to/towards
评论、评价：comment(on)，remark(on/upon)，assessment
表方式、方法：way(to do sth./of doing sth.)，means，method(of)；solution，approach(to doing sth.)；take measures to do sth.
目的：purpose，aim，goal
积极与消极：positive；negative
建议：advice，suggestion，tip
概括、总结：summary，conclusion
特点：feature，characteristic
种类：kind，type，category，class
精神上与身体上：mentally；physically
影响：influence，impact，effect(on)
情形、状况：situation，condition
建立：build，create，establish，found
出现：appear，occur(­red)
实现、完成：reach，realize，accomplish
必要与必需：necessity；must
方面与项目、条款：aspect；item
材料：materials
知识与消息：knowledge；information
计划与日程：schedule；agenda
百分比：percentage
性别：sex
年龄：age
满意：satisfaction
忧虑、担忧、焦急：concern
(不)熟悉：familiar /unfamiliar
个人，个人的：individual
细节：description，detail
文化：culture
责任：(take)responsibility
贡献：(make)contributions to
重要：value，importance，significance
比较：contrast，comparison
时期：period，time
存在：existence，exist
花费：cost，expense
人口：population
天气与气候：weather；climate
位置：location
主题：theme，topic
背景：setting，background
情节：plot
高潮：climax
结尾：ending，consequence
反对者与支持者：opponent，supporter
【转换类常用词汇】
1．100 years＝1 century＝10 decades
2．take advantage of＝make use of
3．parental attention＝with the help/aid/assistance of parents
4．oppose the move＝be against the move＝object to the move＝disagree with the move 5．consider...＝take...into consideration/account
6．at the beginning＝at first
7．be responsible for＝take/shoulder/bear responsibility for
8．since the beginning of human evolution＝throughout human history
9．in search of better job opportunities＝seeking/searching/looking for better job opportunities 10．housing­related reasons＝reasons related/linked/relevant to/connected with housing
11．take an active part in＝take part in sth.actively
12．encourage participation in quiet activities＝encourage sb.to participate in/take part in/play a role in quiet activities
13．be hooked on headphones＝be addicted to headphones
14．valuable information＝information of great value
15．understand clearly＝have a clear understanding of sth.
16．affect＝have an effect/influence/impact on sth.
17．matter＝count＝be very important＝be of importance＝make sense＝make a difference
18．kill sb.＝claim one’s life
19．make an apology＝apologize to sb.
20．be over＝end＝put...to an end
21．despite＝in spite of
22．share less than 2%＝account for less than 2%＝make up less than 2%
23．online＝on the Internet
24．learn good citizenship＝learn to be good citizens
25．list the things that you are good at＝list what/all you are good at
26．explain sth.＝make an explanation
27．offer sth.to sb.＝provide/supply sth.for sb.
28．besides＝on top of＝in addition to＝apart from
29．be better than＝be superior to
30．approve of＝subscribe to＝be in favor/support of＝favor
31．have access to＝be acceptable/accessible/available to
32．stop＝quit＝give up
33．compensate for＝make up for
34．in part＝partly
35．every year＝yearly＝annually
36．use up＝run out of(主动)
37．run out＝give out＝be used up(被动)
38．be accused of＝be charged with
39．most of the people＝the majority of the people
40．cater to/for one’s needs/demands/requirements＝satisfy/meet one’s...
41．starve to death＝die of hunger/starvation
42．be tired out＝be worn out＝be exhausted
43．socially responsible＝social responsibility
44．sth.benefits sb.＝be beneficial to sb.＝be of benefit to sb.＝sb.benefits from sth.
45．commit oneself to doing sth.＝promise to do sth.
46．make full use of＝make the most/best of
A
(2019·江苏卷)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个
．．最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200－1400 cm3. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. It’s not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(颅骨). It’s even harder to provide energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of rest­time energy. Early humans paid for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search of food.Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It’s hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can’t win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra­large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat­eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction •Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two 71.____________ of human beings.
The 72.____________ of large human brains •The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
•The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
•The animal brain requires less 73.____________ when the body is at rest.
•Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
The 74.____________ of walking upright •Walking upright makes it easy to find food or 75.____________ against enemies.
•Freed hands can serve some 76.____________ purposes and perform complex tasks.
•Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and 77.____________ the size of brains.
•Walking upright results in 78.____________ sufferings.
Conclusion •With a large brain, human beings 79.____________ other beings in terms of intelligence.
•Weak and marginal, human beings remained 80.____________ of meat­eating animals.
【解题导语】脑子大与直立行走是人区别于其他动物的主要特征，这两个特征都各有利弊。

71．characteristics解析：根据第一段中的“all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs”可知，本题答案为characteristics。

72．disadvantages解析：根据表格右栏内容可知，该部分主要阐述了脑子大的一些不利之处，故本题答案为disadvantages。

73．energy解析：根据第三段中的“the brain accounts for...the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of rest­time energy”可知，和人类相比，类人猿的大脑需要较少的能量，故本题答案为energy。

74．impact(s)解析：根据表格右栏中的内容可知，该部分从正反两方面论述了直立行走的影响，故本题答案为impact(s)。

75．guard解析：根据第四段中的“it’s easier to find food or enemies”可知，直立行走更有利于寻找食物和防范敌人，故本题答案为guard。

76．other解析：根据第四段中的“are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling”可知，解放的双手可以有一些其他的用途。

77．limits解析：根据第五段中的“had a relatively small head...especially when the bones had to support an extra­large skull”可知，在进化过程中，直立行走对人的大脑的尺寸有限制。

78．physical解析：根据第五段最后一句可知，直立行走会导致身体上的一些痛苦，故本题答案为physical。

79．beat解析：根据最后一段内容可知，脑子大使我们在智力方面胜过其他动物，故本题答案为beat。

80．fearful/afraid解析：根据文章最后一句中的“lived in constant fear of meat­eating animals”可知，本题答案为fearful/afraid。

B
(2018·江苏卷)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个
．．最恰当的单词。

每个空格只填一个单词。

How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award­winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10，000 people as full­or part­time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect (连锁反应) throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $ 1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year­round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today，there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35，000 to get nearly $400，000 in public and private sector support during the two­year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts­based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44，000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small­business community benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill­advised to have a plan B．But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
Arts as an economic driver Our communities 71.____________ from arts in terms of economy.
72.______ __________
of arts’ Arts activity demands a(n) 73.____________effort.
It involves creation, performance, and 74.____________．◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
promoting our economy ◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading 75.____________．
They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
◆Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their 76.____________ to and from the events.
◆Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy. Investment in arts could produce potential 77.____________ economic results.
◆TeCo used a $35，000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400，000.
◆In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly $300.
◆In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35，000 job opportunities for workers 78.____________ arts industry.
Art students
making a good living With these 79.____________ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a(n) 80.____________ plan.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了艺术是如何促进经济发展的。

71．benefit解析：根据第一段第二句“But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.”可知，从经济方面来讲，我们的社区从艺术中得到了很多的好处。

短语benefit from“从……中受益”，故填benefit。

72．Ways解析：根据表格的提示和文章内容可知，此处讲述了艺术推进经济发展的几种途径，故填Ways。

73．joint/collective解析：根据文章第二段中的“The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists，technical experts，managers, musicians，or writers to create an appealing piece of art.”可知，艺术活动需要艺术家、科技专家、经理、音乐家或作家的共同努力，故填joint/collective。

74．promotion/marketing解析：根据文章第三段中的“Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.”可知，还需要另一些人帮助推销，故填promotion/marketing。

75．effect解析：根据第四段中提到的一系列数据可推知艺术有逐渐扩大的影响，故填effect。

76．fares解析：根据第四段最后一句“Nearly 40 percent of jazz...in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.”可知，除了票的费用之外，一些爵士乐爱好者还要支付往返活动场所的费用，故填fares。

77．positive解析：第六段讲述的是艺术方面的投资能够产生潜在的积极的经济效益，故填positive。

78．outside/beyond解析：根据第六段最后一句“...actually lie outside the arts industry...”中的outside的提示可知这里填outside/beyond。

79．statistics/data/analyses解析：最后一段是总结，上面通过一系列数据来说明艺术能带来经济效益，故填statistics/data/analyses。

80．alternative解析：根据文章最后一段中的“If you are a student studying the arts，chances are you have been ill­advised to have a plan B．”可知，艺术生不需要担心他们的工作，他们有选择的机会，故填alternative。