名词性从句之宾语从句课件-初高衔接英语语法

宾从的重难点
一、it作形式宾语替代宾语从句
(1)动词+it+形容词/惯用搭配+that宾从 feel,find,think,consider, make, believe
I think it necessary _th_a_t we take plenty of water every day.
Let’s find out what’s on tonight . I agree with what you said to me just now.
宾语从句三要素
连接词 语序 时态
一 .宾语从句的连接词
类别 1.从属连词 2.连接代词 3.连接副词
关联词
that, whether/if
what什么, 什么的, 所...; which; who谁; whom谁; whose 谁的(5) whatever无论什么; whichever无论哪一 个; whoever无论谁; whomever无论谁 (4)
宾从中神奇的what
(1) what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：
You can have __w_h__a_t _you like. / You can have everything __(_th_a_t_)___you like.
(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：
3. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 根据意思去判断用哪个词
1. I don't know ___w_h_e_n____ he will be back home. 2. I can‘t understand _w__h_y_____ she left the boy alone. I can’t find _w__h_e_re_____ she is now. I want to know ___h_o_w______ I can operate the machine.
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语
Find out the Object Clauses
Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut? Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Please tell me where she has gone. I don’t know if he will come tonight. Let’s find out what’s on tonight .
I gave him __w_h_a_t____books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 He gave me __w_h_a_t___money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
但注意：what 后可跟复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词： 错误：I gave him what book I had.
Two kinds of object clauses • After transitive verbs
Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut? Please tell me where she has gone.
• After prepositions
如何选择正确的连接词？
1. 判断属于什么从句 2. 如果是宾从，看从句缺不缺成分
从句不缺成分，考虑that if whether; 从句缺成分，根据所缺成分和句意，考虑其他的连词。
二.宾语从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句 的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。
下列宾语从句的语序是否正确。
三、否定前移
当主语是第一人称I, We, 动词think, believe, imagine, suppose后的宾语从句如有否定意思，要把否定转 移到这几个词上。如：
We don't think that he was there then.
I can't believe that you will do such a thing.
1. I think that he will come to China next year. T 2. I want to know if he was at home yesterday. T 3. Can you tell me where does your mother work? F
your mother works. 4. Do you know who can answer the question? T 5. Please tell us where is the hospital? F
the hospital is.
三.宾语从句中时态的变化
时态
主句为一般现在时 主句为一般过去时
从句可为任何时态
一般过去时 过去将来时 从句 过去进行时 过去完成时
从句为客观真理、自然现象、公式定理、名言警句 从句时态不变
综合演练
1. He wants to know where gave him a pen. 2. They asked me that I have finished homework. 3. Li Ming doesn’t know where he should go to Beijing. 4. Could you tell me where do they live? 5. She knew that Danny is a student. 6. He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 7. Do you know who car it is?
what which
1. Do you still remember __w_h_a_t___he said? 2. Can you tell me _w_h_i_c_h_ is much better, the red one or green one? 3.I don’t care __w_h_i_c_h__one you will choose.
引导宾从时，用whether不用if的情况： 1. 与or not 连用只能用whether I don’t know _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_ he will come or not.
2. 介词后的宾语从句只能用whether I don’t care of __w_h_e_t_h_er_ he is handsome.
Noun Clauses
Object Clauses
1
What is an object clause？
I likesimple sentence
I like what you are reading.
宾o 主s
谓v
主S 谓Vt.
宾O
coordinate sentence
(3) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。（仅供了解） 注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如： • I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。 • I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。
1. Tell whoever leaves the lab last to turn off the lights and lock the door.
2. Please pay attention to whatever you say in public.
3. Don’t waste too much time on whichever you choose.
二、doubt “怀疑”
doubt后接 whether/if宾语从句 don't doubt “不怀疑”后接 that宾语从句
试一试： 1. I doubt _if_/w__h_et_h_e_r he stole my wallet. 2. I don't doubt_t_h_at_ he will write back soon
when, where, how，why
特点
只起连接作用，不 充当从句成分。
起连接作用外，还 在从句中充当主语、 宾语、表语或定语
起连接作用外，还 在从句中充当状语。
1. 从属连词：that和whether、if
that
引导确定的事情
whether/if
引导不确定的事情
不做从句成分
They know _(t_h_a_t)_ the habit will kill them. （确定） I don’t know _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_/i_f they will go. （不确定）
that以下情况不能省略：
1.that引导介词后的宾语从句 2.动词后多个宾语从句，从第二个that开始都不能省略。 3.it作形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语从句 4.宾语从句前有插入语时
1. I take it for granted t_h_a_t you will win the first prize. 2. We hope, on the contrary, _th_a_the will stay at home with us.
I have made __it___ a rule that I keep diaries.
(2) take(认为),have(认为),see to(确保) 带宾语从句时， 宾语从句前加it
We take it (_t_h_a_t) you will agree with us. take it=assume
We will have it _t_h_a_t our plan is really practical. have it =say/claim When you start the engine, you must see to it _th__a_t car is in neutral(空 挡的). see to = make sure
3. 与to do 不定式连用只能用whether He wondered w__h_e_th_e_r to stay here the next week.
2. 连接代词：who, whom, what, which, whose
who whom
1. Can you tell me __w_h_o____is going to be on duty today? 2. I don’t know _w__h_o_/w__h_o_m__ we should depend on. 3. I don’t know on __w__h_o_m____we should depend.
SUMMARY 两类宾从 三要素 形式宾语it doubt用法 否定前移
whose
.
He doesn’t know _w__h_o_s_e_ coat it is. I would like to know _w_h_o_s_eresponsibility it is.
连接代词后面接ever用作强调，表示“无论……”
who, whom, what, which (除了whose) whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever