数学名词翻译

數學名詞翻譯1.arithmetic science of numbers2.notation writing numbers3.numeration reading numbers4.Arabic numeration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 95.addition（加法）：75+23+16=114 75.23.16（addend）114（sum）+（plus）6.subtraction（減法）：15-8=7 15（minuend）8（subtrahend）7（difference）-（）7.multiplication（乘法）multiplying：58×27=406+1160=1566 58.27（factor）406.1160（partialproduct）1566（product）×（times cross）8.division（除法）dividing：352784÷437=807…125 352784（dividend）437（divisor）807（quotient 商）125（remainder 餘）check（驗算）estimate（估商）9.rounding number（概數）：if determining digit is 5 or more round up，if determining digit is lessthen 5，round down to nearest digit。

mas ones tens hundreds（units）one thousands ten thousands hundred thousands（thousands）one millions ten millions hundred millions （millions）one billions ten billions hundred billions（billions）11.linear measures ：kilometer hectometer decameter meter decimeter centimeter millimeter公（里引丈尺寸分釐）12.measure of capacity：kiloliter hectoliter deciliter liter deciliter centiliter milliliter公（秉石斗升合勺撮）13.measure of time：1000years=millennium 100years=century 20years=score 10yaers=decade12months=1year 366days=1 leap year 365days=1year =about 52weeks7days=1week 24hours=1day 60minutes=1hour 60seconds=1minutes14.measure of weight：kilogram hectogram decagram gram decigram centigram milligram公（噸擔衡斤兩錢克）15.converting measure（轉換單位）：multiply or divide by conversion rules and conversion factors16.converting metric measure（公制單位）：mutiply or divide by 10，convert from larger to smallereach step taken to the right17.divisibility rules：a number is divisible by 2，if it is an even number3，if sum of the digits is divisible by 34，if last two digits are divisible by 45，if it ends in 0 or 56，if it is even and divisible by 39，if sum of the digits is divisible by 918.Pairs of factors（因素分解）：factors means all the numbers that will divide without a remainderinto a number19.greateat common factor（gcf最大公因數）：common factor is a factor that is shared by two ormorenumbers，the largest factor is gcf20.prime to each other （互質）：numbers share only the common factor of 121.prime number （質數）：no factor except for 1 and itselfposite number （合數）：has other factors beside 1 and itself23.1 considered neither prime nor composite：1 不是質數也不是合數24.prime factor（質因數）：2 is a prime factor of 825.fundamental theorem of arithmetic （因數分析）26.division by primes（質因數分解）：all the prime factor are found when the quotient is prime54=2x3x3x327.factoring tree：244 62 2 2 328.least common multiples（lcm最小公倍數）：use the letters l c m to make finding the lcml ist-list the prime factors of numbersc ontest-have a contest to find which number has the most of each prime factorm ultiply-multiply the prime factors from the contestmultiply all the different factors is the smallest multiple that is shared by two or more numbers 29.exponents（指數）：4=2‧2=22 is read two squared and two is used as factor twice，23 is read twocubed 24is read two to the fourth power，exponents are small numbers written a little to the right and above a number（called the base 底數）30.fractions（分數）：a fraction is one or more of the equal parts of a whole31.numerator（分子）：the top number，tells how many equal parts are used32.denominator （分母）：the bottom number，tells how many equal parts the whole is divided into33.mixed number（帶分數）：contains a whole number and a fraction34.equivalent fraction（等值分數）：cross multiplication can check equivalent fraction35.reduce a fraction to lowest terms（約成最簡分數）36.proper and improper fractions（真分數和假分數）：proper fraction less then 1，numerator is lessthen denominator，the numerator of an improper fraction is equal to or greater than thedenominator37.adding or subtracting fractions：keep the common denominator by finding the lcm of thedenominator and add or subtracting（borrow 1 from whole number）the numerator38.multiplying fractions：multiply the numerator together for the product numerator anddenominator together for the product denominator39.cancellation（約分）：simplify fractions before multiplying，canceled numerator and denominatorif they have a common factor40.dividing by a fraction：division is opposite of multiplication，to divide by a fraction，invert thedivisor and multiply，after inversion，use cancellation，in 3/4÷3/8 we need to know what factor multiplied by 3/8 equals 3/4.41.decimals（小數）：a decimal is another way to write a fraction，0.38=38/10042.mixed decimal（帶小數）：43.decimal point（小數點）：tenths十分位hundredths百分位one thousandths千分位ten thousand萬分位hundred thousandths十萬分位one millionths百萬分位paring decimals：＞means is greater than＜means is less than45.adding and subtracting decimals：the decimal point in the sum must be written directly belowthe decimal points in the addends46.multiplying decimals：count the total number of decimal place in both factors and count offthat many places in product，annex zero to the left of the product if the number of decimal places to be counted off is more than the number of digit in product47.dividing decimal：place the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in thedividend48.fraction-decimal equivalents：49.repeating decimal（循環小數）：a decimal that never terminates when the numerator is dividedby the denominator50.terminating decimal（有限小數）：a fraction that divides out evenly51.three dots or a line over the digits that repeat：for example 5/6=.83… or .8352.rounding off decimals（概數）：≒means is approximatly1.4293≒1.429nearest thousandth53.estimating products（估算）：8.7×999.9≒9×100054.division with a decimal divisor：multiplying both the dividend and the divisor by the samenumber does not change the quotient55.ratio（比）：the ratio 5 to 8 may be expressed three ways（1）5 to 8（2）5：8（3）5/8，5：8the first term 5 in a ratio is the antecedent（前項）；the second term 8 is the consequent（後項）56.proportions：a proportion is two equivalent ratios joined by an equal sign 1：2=3：6 ，1 and 6are the extremes（外項）2 and 3 are the means（內項），in a proportion，the product of the means must equal the product of the extremes57.percent（百分率）：percent means hundredths，17﹪=.17，150﹪=1.5，.2﹪=.00258.percentage：1=1﹪，12=12﹪，59.discounts（折扣）：a discount is a reduction in the list price of an item or service，the rate ofdiscount is the percent of discount60.probability（或然率）：chosen outcomes/probability outcomes（選擇結果/所有可能結果）61.pictograph（統計圖）：range（組距）difference between highest and lowest numerical information（statistics），mean（平均）average of the number，median（中位數）the meddle number ina group of numbers that are arranged in numerical order，scale（尺度刻度）labels（項次）62.bar graph（長條圖）：some time a vertical bar graph is called a column graph63.line graph（折線圖）circle graph（圓形圖pie chart）64.geometry（幾何）：pointline segment（線段）：a group of points having two endpoints.Line（直線）：extends indefinitely in two opposite directions, no endpoints.ray（射線）：having one endpoint, extends indefinitely in one direction.angle：two rays that share a common endpoint-vertex（頂點）intersecting lines （交叉線） perpendicular lines （垂直線）parallel lines （平行線）65. plane （平面）：represented by a smooth, flat surface that has no thickness and extendsindefinitely in all directions.66. simple closed figure does not have a point pf intersection.67. similar figures （相似）： have the same shape but not the same size. congruent figures （全等）68. polygon （多邊形）：triangle （三角形 polygon with three sides ）quadrilateral （四邊形polygon with four sides ）parallelogram （平行四邊形a quadrilateral having opposite sides which are parallel ） rectangle （矩形長方形a parallelogram having 4 right angles ）square （正方形a rectangle having 4 congruent sides ）rhombus （菱形a parallelogram having 4 congruent sides ）trapezoid （梯形a quadrilateral having only 2 sides that are parallel ） pentagon （五邊形a polygon having 5 sides ）hexagon （六邊形a polygon having 6 sides ）heptagon （七邊形a polygon having 7 sides ）octagon （八邊形）vertexes （頂點the points where the sides of polygon meet ）diagonal （對角線two opposite vertexes are joined by a line ）69. perimeter （周長）：the distance around the polygon, finding the sum of the lengths of the sides70. area （面積）：acre （英畝） hectare （ha 公頃）=10000square metersarea of a rectangle can be found by using the formula A=l ×w （l=length w=width ） area of a square can be found using the formula A=s ×s=s 2（A equals s squared ）（s=side ） area of a parallelogram A=b ×h （b=base h=height ）area of a triangle A=21b ×h don ’t forget that area must be in square units 71. circle ：a circle is a simple closed curve, all points on the edge are equally distant from a point called the center 。