高英II翻译与修辞
(完整版)高级英语第二册第三版第三课InauguralAddress修辞汇总
1.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.。
张汉熙高级英语2修辞讲解
3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.
Metonymy (转喻；借代) Definition: A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated; or, a figure of speech which consists in substituting for the name of a thing the name of an attribute of it or of something closely related.
2.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.
3.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion...
Personification : The personification or embodiment of some quality or abstraction; the attribution of human qualities to inanimate objects. (DLT)
明抑暗扬的Understatement (低调陈述) Definition: a figure of speech which contains an understatement of emphasis, and therefore the opposite of hyperbole. Often used in everyday speech and usually with laconic or ironic intentions. Understatement: a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force.
英语专业高级英语2课后翻译
英语专业高级英语2课后翻译1. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the same of conversation.无论动物之间的交流有多么复杂，它们都称不上聊天。
2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no wining in conversation.争吵可能经常是它的一部分，但争吵的目的并不是要说服他人。
聊天中没有输赢之分。
3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或许是我自小常去英国酒吧的缘故，我认为酒吧聊天拥有自己独特的魅力4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it —— she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not sth. that was pressing on her mind —— but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk我不记得是什么使我们的一个伙伴提前了这个话题——她显然不是特意来酒吧说这件事的，那也不是什么她非说不可的事——但她十分自然的在聊天中说出了这句话5.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for "English as it should be spoken ".每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制定一些规则时，总会遭到下层社会的抵制。
《高级英语》复习资料 The Review of Advanced English2
The Review of Advanced English (Book 1)一、修辞（rhetoric）Ⅰ. 修辞手法：1）明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。
2）隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不用比喻词进行，而直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
3）提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
[用部分代整体，有隶属关系]4）借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
[用部分代整体，非隶属关系]5）拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
6）叠言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
7）双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
8）拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
9）讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
10）通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。
11）alliteration（头韵）：在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
assonance（腹韵）：相同或相近的元音在诗行中重复出现；consonance（假韵）：两个以上词的词尾辅音完全一致，但其前面的元音不相同；the end rhyme(尾韵)：诗行与诗行之间在末尾的压韵/ 尾韵/脚韵12）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍；anticlimax（突降法）：也叫先扬后抑。
高英II翻译与修辞
Unit 1 How to get the Poor off our conscience1.An imbalance between the rich and the poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment ofrepublics.贫穷不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。
2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune: If they are poor and also meek, theyeventually will inherit the earth.他们的贫穷只是一种暂时的不幸；如果他们穷困但却温顺，他们最终将成为这个世界的主人。
3.Couples in love should repair to R.H. Macy’s, not their bedrooms.一对对热恋的新婚夫妇应该上梅西百货公司过夜，而不是回到他们的新房。
4.The American Beauty Rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance whichbring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. And so is it in economic life. It is merely the working out of law of nature and the law of God.美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒、赞不绝口。
而她之所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期周围的花蕾被掐掉了。
在经济生活中的情况亦是如此。
这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
5.(It has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise.（它已成为）经济上收入不菲的一个行业。
高级英语2修辞总结
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King's English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides （Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指,引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)-—descendants of convicts (Para。
7)--Saxon churls （Para. 8）——Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. （Para. 3）4。
Metaphor1。
No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para。
2）2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern。
（Para。
3）3。
Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para。
4）4。
The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para。
6)5。
The conversation was on wings。
（Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth。
高级英语2修辞手法汇总
Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
• 2、The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (P2)
Lesson 1
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
马莺歌
Figures of speech
1. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,” he said. 封舱 安然度过
采取果断行动以迎接困难
7. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. 有条理地
8. …asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks.待到结束
高级英语2第十课修辞总结
高级英语2第十课修辞总结摘要：一、引言二、高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述1.比喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问三、修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用1.比喻1.明喻2.隐喻2.拟人3.夸张4.反问四、修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用五、结论正文：【引言】高级英语2 第十课主要介绍了修辞学中的几种重要手法，包括比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。
这些修辞手法在英语写作中有着广泛的应用，能够有效地提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。
【高级英语2 第十课修辞学概述】修辞学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究如何运用各种语言手段来增强语言表达的效果。
在第十课中，我们主要学习了以下四种修辞手法：1.比喻：通过将两种本质上不同的事物进行类比，以形象生动的方式表达抽象的概念。
比喻可以分为明喻和隐喻两种。
2.拟人：将无生命的事物赋予生命和人的特征，使其具有感情、动作等。
3.夸张：对某一事物的特点进行夸大描述，以突出表现其特性。
4.反问：提出一个问题，但实际上并不需要对方回答，其目的是为了加强语气，表达说话者的观点。
【修辞手法在实际英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果。
以下是一些实例：1.比喻：例如，“时间是金钱”，通过将时间和金钱进行类比，形象地表达了时间的宝贵。
2.拟人：例如，“月亮羞涩地躲在云朵后面”，将月亮赋予了人的情感和动作。
3.夸张：例如，“他饿得能吃下一头牛”，夸张地描述了他的饥饿程度。
4.反问：例如，“这难道不是一件很明显的事情吗？”通过反问加强语气，表达说话者的观点。
【修辞手法在提高英语写作效果的作用】修辞手法的运用可以使文章更加生动、有趣，增强读者的阅读兴趣。
同时，修辞手法还能够有效地传达作者的情感和观点，使文章更具说服力。
因此，学习和掌握修辞手法对于提高英语写作水平具有重要意义。
【结论】总之，高级英语2 第十课为我们介绍了四种重要的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张和反问。
在英语写作中，我们可以灵活运用这些修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果和吸引力。
高级英语第二册第三版第二课Marrakech修辞汇总
⾼级英语第⼆册第三版第⼆课Marrakech修辞汇总1.Simile（明喻）1).. and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.2)Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick.3) Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...2．Hyperbole（夸张）1)A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2) ..so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins.3.Transferred Epithet（移就）Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was 4 frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.4.Synecdoche（提喻）1)Still, A- white skin is always fairly conspicuous.2)This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.5.Understatement（低调陈述）I am not commenting, merely pointing a fact.6.Onomatopoeia（拟声）winding up the road with a clumping of boots ad a clatter of iron wheels.7.Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）1)Are they really the same flesh as your self ?Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff about as individual as bees or coral insects?2)How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?。
高级英语2第二课译文
第二课参考译文马拉喀什随笔乔治·奥威尔1. 一具尸体抬过，成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上一哄而起，追逐而上，几分钟后又嗡嗡地飞了回来。
2. 一支人数不多的送葬队伍——无论成人或孩子全是男性，没有女性——沿着集贸市场，迂回穿行于一堆堆石榴摊子、出租车和骆驼之间，一边走着一边反复地哀号着一曲短促的悲歌。
真正吸引苍蝇成群追逐的是：这里的尸体从来都不装进棺木，只是用一块破布裹着，放在一个粗糙的木制陈尸架上，由死者的四位朋友抬着送葬。
抵达安葬地后，先在地上挖出一个一两英尺深的长方形坑，随即将尸体往坑里一倒，再扔上一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。
既没有墓碑，也没有留名，更没有任何身份标识。
安葬地不过是一片巨大的土丘林立的荒原，恰似一块废弃的建筑工地。
一两个月之后，谁也说不准自己的亲人究竟葬在何处。
3. 当你徒步经过这样的城镇——20万当地居民当中，至少有两万人除了一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂裳外，一无所有——当你看到那些人何以生存，又何以轻易地死去时，你永远难以相信自己是在人类当中穿行。
事实上，这是所有殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。
这里的人都有一张褐色的脸——而且，他们人数众多！他们果真和你一样同属人类吗？他们也有名有姓吗？或许他们只是像一群群彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。
他们生于土地，受苦受累，忍饥挨饿地过上几年，然后就被埋到无名的小坟丘下。
没有人会注意到他们的离去，甚至那些小坟丘本身也会很快地夷为平地。
有时，当你外出散步，穿过仙人掌丛时，你会感觉到脚下特别的凸凹不平，只有那起伏凹凸的固定形状使你意识到脚下踩的正是死人的骷髅。
4. 我正在公园里给一只瞪羚喂食。
5. 瞪羚几乎是唯一一种在存活时看上去能让人食欲大开的动物。
实际上，人们光看到它的两条后腿就会联想到薄荷酱。
我正在喂着的这只瞪羚似乎已看出了我的心思，尽管它在吃我手上递出去的面包，但显然对我并没什么好感。
它迅速地咬了一小口面包，然后低下头，试图用脑袋顶我，然后又咬一口面包，又顶了一次。
高级英语第二册修辞总结
⾼级英语第⼆册修辞总结⾼级英语第⼆册修辞总结Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 T elephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees,and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present ,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots anda clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile Lesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairshave been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by sidewith each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moveddesultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slipsand slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up atthe vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,thatthe torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay anyprice,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis 4 …in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of thetiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear tonegotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historicalallusion,climax7 And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;askwhat you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson51 Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in amonth of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate thatlogic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was temptedto give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers stillsmoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them intoflame.—metaphor,extended metaphorLesson61 As in architecture,so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson81 One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhumanrelations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson 101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2 Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult forour young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of theVictorian social structure,and by precipitations our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after thresh hooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germanytoward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the warand now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe fordemocracy”.—metaphor7 After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds andpens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playingwith marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to showthe way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy,synecdoche。
高级英语-第二册-修辞-最全整理
高级英语第二册修辞Lesson 11The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor7. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. Metaphor, personification8. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised thesubject, wondering more about her. Metaphor9. and no one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. Metaphor10 The conversation is on the wings. Metaphor11. They did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of t heir thoughts and feelings. Metaphor12. The glow of the conversation burst into flames.MetaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile7 … there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards,all clamoring for a cigarette. Transferred epithet8. four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter ofiron wheels. Onomatopoeia9. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?Rhetorical question10. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. Simile11. Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.simileLesson 31Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax7And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, winding8. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. Parallelism9. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foeto assure the survival and the success of liberty. Parallelism (or parallel structure) and Alliteration10. And if a beachhead of co-operation my push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides joinin creating a new endeavor. Metaphor11 We observe today not a victory of part but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as wellas a beginning, signifying renewal as well as a change. Parallelism (or parallel structure)12. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that …Alliteration13. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. metaphor14. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems whichdivide us. antithesis15. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. repetitionLesson 41Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old Chi na and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis4What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor7. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. Transferred epithet8. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s f rontier. metaphor9. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guidethem during a grail, metonymy10. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. understatement11. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. M etonymy12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker for the rain. M etonymy13. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. M etonymy14. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful. Antithesis15. Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Lookat Petey --- a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Antithesis16. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.Synecdoche17. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? Rhetorical question18. I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. It waslike digging a tunnel. Simile19. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, aspenetrating as a scalpel.Simile and Hyperbole20. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. metaphor21. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. HyperboleLesson 51The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:”.—transferred epithet2Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy7Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor8These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche9. The important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, was the rallyingpoint of sensitive persons disgusted with America. metaphor10. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town andFamilies.... metaphor11. Since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for… Metonymy and Personification12. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit which denounced it. Metonymy13. until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to ahalt and… metaphorLesson 61The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crow ds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet2So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor3Sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood — alliteration; metaphor4Tin Pan Alley .— metonymy5New York was never Mecca to me. .— metonymy; metaphor6Nature constantly yields to man in New York .— personification7So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers .—as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers. .—simile;onomatopoeia8Those paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’t get acting jobs do commercials;those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines — parallelism 9“So what else is new?” .— rhetorical question10The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town .— euphemism 11All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be….. .— metaphor12Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously .—personificationLesson 101. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of the town.2. His choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonderas to whether or not it will cost him all his friends. Transferred epithetSimileand as persistent—as rain, snow, taxes or businessmenIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky. Metaphorhis props have all been knocked out from under himarmed with two Bessie Smith records …accept my role in the extraordinary drama which is America…when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in … unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles…an American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs…to step out of that lukewarm bath…Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere.An American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder. Simile明喻Metaphor暗喻Alliteration头韵法Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶Transferred Epithet 移就Metonymy 借喻，转喻Synecdoche 提喻Synaesthesia通感Personification 拟人Hyperbole 夸张Parallelism 排比Euphemism 委婉语Repetition重复Irony 讽刺，反语Pun 双关Rhetorical question 修辞疑问Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Climax 渐进法，层进法Anticlimax 渐降法Onomatopoeia 拟声Allusion 隐喻Antonomasia 换称。
高级英语2修辞总结归纳
高级英语2修辞总结归纳Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para.14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para. 20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para.14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8)Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para.22)Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24) Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para.25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1)Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice…Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para.10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para.19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13) Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meeta powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para. 8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25) Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para.14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25) Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para.31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif ata bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, aft er all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para.47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, pa ssion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as achemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)。
高级英语2修辞总结
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1。
Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides （Para. 18）2。
Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas （Para。
3）—-descendants of convicts (Para。
7)——Saxon churls （Para。
8)-—Norman conquerors (Para。
8）3。
ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own。
（Para. 3）4。
Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows。
(Para。
2)2。
They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para。
3）3。
Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para。
4）4。
The glow of the conversation burst into flames. （Para. 6）5. The conversation was on wings。
（Para. 8）6。
We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. （Para. 11）7。
The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock，and its seeds multiplied，and floated to the ends of the earth。
高英课文翻译2
高英翻译第一课1.动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。
2.闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
3.或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
4.我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
5.每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。
6.词语本身并不是现实，它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。
标准英语就像诺曼底人的盎格鲁法语一样，也是一个阶级用来表达现实的一种形式。
7.让人们学着去讲也许不错，但既不应当把它作为法令，也不应当使它完全不接受来自下层的改变。
8.要是有谁闲聊时也像做文章一样句逗分明，或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字的话，那他讲起话来就一定会极为倒人胃口。
9.看到E·M·福斯特笔下写出“当今这个时代的阴森可怖的长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力、甚至可怖的形象令我们拍案叫绝。
10.那天晚上，如果我们当场弄清了“标准英语”的意义，也就不可能再有那一场交谈论辩。
第二课1.当你徒步走过这样的城镇——在20万当地居民中，至少有2万人除了罩在身上的一身破布之外，其他一无所有——当你看到这些人如何生存，又如何轻易地死去时，你永远难以相信自己是在人类当中穿行。
2.当你经过犹太人居住区时，你就可能会了解中世纪的犹太人区大概是个什么样子。
3.这儿的许多街道还不及六英尺宽；而房子则没有窗户；眼睛红肿的孩子成群结队，像一群群的苍蝇，四处可见，多得令人难以置信。
4.甚至一位盲人也从铺子后面爬了出来，手在空中胡乱摸索着。
5.啊，那只不过是装装样子。
他们其实都是放债的债主。
6.想想与这相同的一幕吧：好几百年前，常有些可怜的老妇人因为拥有巫术而被烧死，但她们却甚至没办法利用自己的巫术让自己饱餐一顿。
高级英语二 词汇汇总
高英2--修辞汇总Lesson11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personif ication(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perish ed. ----6. …the Salvation Army’s canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and staffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding. -----7. The federal government shipped 4,400,000 pounds of food, moved in mobile homes, s et up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term business loa ns. ----8. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor9. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)10. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped the m. -----simile11. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane part y to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就12. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simileLesson21. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict buildin g-lot. -----simile2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink b ack into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. -----alliteration押头韵3. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of fl ies. ----simile4. And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile o r two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drif ted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper. ----- simile5. The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way acros s the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wail ing a short chant over and over again.--—elliptical sentence6. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—- hyperbole7. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of th em old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette. -----transferr ed epithet8. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9. As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty col umn, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—---onom atopoetic words symbolism10. Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive. —--elliptical sentence11. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reveren ce before a white skin. —-synecdoche提喻Lesson31. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or jus t glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor3. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a f ocus. ----metaphor4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphorThe fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been br oken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—met aphor6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to tal k sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feeling s. -----simile10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ----11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there . ----12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conque st. ----13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with ea ch other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelin gs.—-simile14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and flo ated to the ends of the earth.—simile16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividne ss of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphorLesson41. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended u p inside.—metaphor3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)4. All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进5. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环6 We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an e nd as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism7. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration8. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, b ear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the sur vival and the success of liberty. ----–parallelism; alliteration9. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句10. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe… ------11. …struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…----12. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. -----antithesis13. … to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---re petition14. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…-----meta phor15. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. -----antithesis16.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. -----metaphor17. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our cou ntry and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extend ed metaphor18. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… ----metaphorWith a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds…-----parallelismLesson51. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and tr auma.—-metaphor; hyperbole2. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sund ays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2. Cool was I and logical. ----inversion (倒装)3. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.5. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. ----metaphor or -mixed-me taphorSame age, same background, but dumb as an ox. ----6. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. ----metonymy转喻7. "I may do better than that," I said with a mysterious wink (眨眼) and closed my bag and left. ----transferred epithet8. She thought this over for a minute and decided she liked it. ----9. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. ----metaphor10. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good. ----11. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. -----allusion12. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, ----allusion13.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. ----a llusionThe time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. ----assonance (半)谐音14. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis15. What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody"Your girl," I said, mincing no words. ----litotes (间接肯定)16. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions… -----litotes or understatement17. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Ma ybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—-metaphor or extended metaphor18. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. ----synecdoche (提喻)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start. ----metaphor19. Over and over and over again I cited instances pointed out flaws, kept hammering a way without let-up. ----metaphor20. Suddenly, a g1immer of intelligence—the first I had seen--came into her eyes. ----me taphor21 I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright. -----metaphor22. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. -----hyperbole; metaphor23. He's a liar. He's a cheat. He's a rat. ----climax (递进)Look at me--a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is c oming from. -----antithesis对句Lesson71. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and char acteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on ea rth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it r educed the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor; hype rbole; parallelism; antithesis2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were hu man habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyp erbole; antithesis2. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrou sness, of every house in sight. ----transferred epithet3. …, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. ----hyperbole; double negatives (双否)4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh suburbs to the Greensburg yards，and there was not one that was not misshapen, and there was not one that was not shab by. ----hyperbole; repetition; double negatives5. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes or u nderstatement6. Obviously, if their were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, th ey would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.-— ridicule （讽刺）7. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. ----inversion (倒装)8. On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stories high; on their low sides t hey bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ----metaphor9.But what brick! -----ellipsis (省略)10. …, and so they have the most loathsome (丑陋的) towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye (人世间). ---- hyperbole11. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. ----iron y; sarcasm12. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of pai nt peeping through the streaks.—metaphor13. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor14. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony15. Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion16. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had d evoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony17. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony18. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphor19. …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.20.A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette ----personification21 …set like a dormer-window on the side of a bare, leprous hill…----- metaphor22. a steel stadium like a huge rattrap somewhere further down the line. ----simile23. They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon (帕特农神庙) would no doubt offend them. ---- antonomasia (换称：专有名词指代一般名词) or allusion24. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. ----metaphor25. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had d evoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. ----hyperbole; irony26. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. ----synecdoche (提喻)27. Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the ho nest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, act ually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them. -----irony; sarcasm28. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horro r. ---ironyLong sentences from the textunit 11. But, like thousands of others in the coastal communities, John was reluctant to aband on his home unless the family -- his wife, Janis, and their seven children, abed 3 to 11 -- was clearly endangered.2. John, 37 -- whose business was right there in his home ( he designed and developed e ducational toys and supplies, and all of Magna Products' correspondence, engineering dr awings and art work were there on the first floor) -- was familiar with the power of a hur ricane.3. John's father moved a small generator into the downstairs hallway, wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator.4. The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive sound, and the group heard gun- like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.5. John and Charlie put their shoulders against it, but a blast of water hit the house, fling ing open the door and shoving them down the hall.6. Frightened, breathless and wet, the group settled on the stairs, which were protected by two interior walls.7. Dr. Robert H. Simpson, director of the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Fla., graded Hurricane Camille as "the greatest recorded storm ever to hit a populated area in the Western Hemisphere."8. Before dawn, the Mississippi National Guard and civil-defense units were moving in to handle traffic, guard property, set up communications centers, help clear the debris and t ake the homeless by truck and bus to refugee centers.9. From hundreds of towns and cities across the country came several million dollars in d onations; household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car.10. Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropping more t han 28 inches of rain into West Virginia and southern Virginia, causing rampaging floods, huge mountain slides and 111 additional deaths before breaking up over the Atlantic Oc ean.11. The children appeared to suffer no psychological damage from their experience; they were still awed by the incomprehensible power of the hurricane, but enjoyed describing what they had seen and heard on that frightful night.Lesson Two Marrakech1. The little crowd of mourners--all men and boys, no women --threaded their way acros s the market-place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wail ing a short chant over and over again.2. When you walk through a town like this — two hundred thousand inhabitants, of who m at least twenty thousand own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in — whe n you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings.3. Sometimes, out for a walk, as you break your way through the prickly pear, you notice that it is rather bumpy underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you th at you are walking over skeletons.4. Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clo uds of flies.5. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields, tearing up the prickly weeds with their hands, and the peasant gathering luce rne for fodder pulls it up stalk by stalk instead of reaping it, thus saving an inch or two o n each stalk.6. The peasants possess no harrows, they merely plough the soil several times over in dif ferent directions, finally leaving it in rough furrows, after which the whole field has to be shaped with hoes into small oblong patches, to conserve water.7. Then for the first time I noticed the poor old earth-coloured bodies, bodies reduced to bones and leathery skin, bent double under the crushing weight.8. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms, their feet squash ed into boots that looked like blocks of wood, and every tin hat seemed to be a couple of sizes too small.9. This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the f orest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reveren ce before a white skin.Lesson Three Pub Talk and the King' s English1. The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one h as any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.2. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdotes, but in a flash the conv ersation has moved on and the opportunity is lost.3. The fact that their marriages may be on the rooks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. （这是一个主语部分很长的句子。
张汉熙《高级英语(2)》(第3版重排版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 2 Marrakech 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 5 The Sad Young Men 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 7 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas (Excerpts) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 8 The Future of the English 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 9 The Loons 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 10 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 11 Four Laws of Ecology (Part I) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 12 Four Laws of Ecology (Part Ⅱ) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 13 The Mansion: A Subprime Parable (Excerpts) 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 14 Faustian Economics 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案Lesson 15 Disappearing Through the Skylight 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、文体修辞 四、全文翻译 五、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介本书是《高级英语（2）》（第3版重排版）的学习辅导用书，按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、单元语法、全文翻译以及练习答案等内容。
高英二中的修辞手法
修辞手法(figure of speech)是根据表达需要，运用有效的语言手段来提高语言的表达效果，使语言表达具有准确性、鲜明性和生动性的语言运用方式。
恰当地使用修辞手段，可以使文章更加生动，更具有表现力，蕴意丰富，引人入胜。
常用的修辞手法有：明喻(Simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)、拟人(Personification)、夸张(Exaggeration)、平行法(Parallelism)、头韵(Alliteration)、对比(Contrast)、矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)、双关(Pun)、移情(Empathy)等。
对于高中生来说，最好能通过例句，结合具体的语境，体会修辞的表达效果。
同时，要求学会欣赏并能模仿造句。
01Simile 明喻明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
如：★The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。
★The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
★The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a beautiful landscape painting.桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。
★ His heart is as hard as a stone.他铁石心肠。
★ Her soul is as pure as snow.她的心灵纯洁无比。
认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由(as) ... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。
高英2修辞超详细整理
高英2修辞超详细整理Lesson 1simileThe children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.Blowdown power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.metaphorWe can batten down and ride it outWind and rain now whipped the house.Strips of clothing festooned the standing treesCamille, meanwhile, had raked its way.Household and medical supplies streamed in by plane.personification1.A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.2.… it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it3.5 miles away.transferred epithet 移就1.Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.Lesson 3simile1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas…2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth.metaphor1.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.2.The conversation was on wings.3.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.4.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.5.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.6.When E.M.Forster writes of “the sin ister corridor of our age,”we sit up at thevividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.7.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration8.…no one has any id ea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.9.…did not delve into each other..10.…suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,…11.Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.12.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.Lesson 4metaphor1.in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.2.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.3.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house.4...to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak.5.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion6.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.synecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekd?ki] 提喻1.yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.alliteration1.ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice…2.One form of colonial control shall not have passed away.3.We shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom.4.We pledge the loyalty of faithful friends.5.We shall pay any price, bear any burden6.To assure the survival and the success of liberty7.Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike.antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对偶1.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who arerich2.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead ofbelaboring those problemswhich divide us.3.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.4.And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask whatyou can do for your country.5.United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. parallelism – ideas are paired and sequenced in the same grammatical form1.Both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed bythe steady spread of the deadly atom2.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap theocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3.We renew our pledge of support to prevent it from becoming merely a forum forinvective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area inwhich its writ may run.4.We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, andoppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.5.A new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplinedby a hard and bitter peace.6.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifyingrenewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition) repetition –repetition of sounds, words, or sentences that can create good rhythm and parallelism to make the language musical, emphatic, and memorable. 反复1.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficientbeyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.2.Bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of allnations.3.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition)4...convert good words into good deeds...to assist free men and free government…5.Abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life6. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which..., the belief that ...7.... These human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today ...allusionAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax Lesson 5simile1.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scal pel.2....the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet.3....dumb as an ox.4.He looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at abakery window.5.It was like digging a tunnel.6...bellowing like a bull.metaphor1.Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.2.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.3.logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole4.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor5.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.6.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. Mixed metaphor7. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well.8. The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it.metonymy –change of name –the association of two unlike things [mi't?nimi] 转喻，借代1.I was not one to let my heart rule my head.2.Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.3.After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation.4.You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame...synecdoche – whole for part or part for whole[si'nekd?ki] 提喻There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(synecdoche) exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'p?:b?li] 夸张1..... logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole2. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect (hyperbole)3.He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole)4.You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)5..My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales,as penetrating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)6. I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对偶1.Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.2..It is, after all, to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no argument. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force.4. Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual,a man with an assured future. Look at Petey--- a knothead, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Litotes / understatementThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions.Transferred epithetI said with a mysterious wink.Lesson 7metaphor1.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast.2.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony,metaphor3.And one and all they are streaked in grime,with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.4. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.5.Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.antithesis – contrary in meaning but similar in form 对偶1.Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast2.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast exaggeration/ hyperbole [hai'p?:b?li] 夸张1.Here was the very heart of industrial America,the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity,the boast and prideof the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous,so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antithetical contrast2.Here was wealth beyond computation,almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to man,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony Antonomasia1.Safe in a Pullman,Ihave whirled through the gloomy,God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas,and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasiaIrony1.Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony)2.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)3.It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius,uncompromisingly inimical to man,had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony4.They like it as it is:beside it,the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony5.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony,metaphor6.I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony7.Obviously,if ther were architects of any professional senseor dignity in the region,they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a highpitched roof,to throw off the heavy winter snows,but still essentially a low and clinging building,wider than it was tall.—sarcasmLitotes/ understatementThe country itself is not uncomely,despite the grime of the endless mills.Lesson 10Metaphor1.we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.2.it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation...now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.5... to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth”,6.....called the party to a halt and forced the revellers to sober up7....had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare.8.they had outgrown town and families9. An important book was the rallying point of sensitive personsmetonymy –change of name –the association of two unlike things [mi't?nimi] 转喻，借代1.it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,2. since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,3. Greenwich Village set the pattern.4.it was Greenwich Village that fanned the flames.(metonymy;metaphor)5.before long the movement had become officially recognised by the pulpitpersonification1.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything ...transferred epithet 移就1The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memoriesLesson 12simile1.It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky8.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persistent—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.metaphor1... and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath2.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing hismuscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been24.when it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.25.There,in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from whichI had spent so many years in flight.26.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.27.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor 28.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphor…a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has beenAn American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath He needs sustenance for his journey每个社会其实都是由一些潜在的规律，由一些人们没有说出来但却深深感觉到并看作是理所当然的事物所支配的，我们的社会也不例外。
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Unit 1 How to get the Poor off our conscience1.An imbalance between the rich and the poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment ofrepublics.贫穷不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。
2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune: If they are poor and also meek, theyeventually will inherit the earth.他们的贫穷只是一种暂时的不幸；如果他们穷困但却温顺，他们最终将成为这个世界的主人。
3.Couples in love should repair to R.H. Macy’s, not their bedrooms.一对对热恋的新婚夫妇应该上梅西百货公司过夜，而不是回到他们的新房。
4.The American Beauty Rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance whichbring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. And so is it in economic life. It is merely the working out of law of nature and the law of God.美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒、赞不绝口。
而她之所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期周围的花蕾被掐掉了。
在经济生活中的情况亦是如此。
这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
5.(It has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise.（它已成为）经济上收入不菲的一个行业。
6.There is, we can surely agree, no form of oppression that is quite great, noconstriction on thought and effort quite so comprehensive, as that which comes from having no money at all.没有那种压迫形式比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种思想和行动的束缚比一无所有更全面彻底。
7.Freedom we rightly cherish. Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover fordenying freedom to those in need.我们珍惜自由是对的。
正因为我们珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由。
8.Whether they can be in Ethiopia, the South Bronx, or even in such an Elysium asLos Angeles, we resolve to keep them off our minds.不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约市的南布朗克斯区，甚至是在洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心。
9.Murray is the voice of Spender in our time; he is enjoying, as indicated,unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles。
如上所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望。
passion, along with the associated public effort, is the least comfortable, theleast convenient course of behavior.同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代最麻烦、最令人不快的行为和行动方针。
Unit 2 The woods Were Tossing with Jewels1. It was an idyllic life, and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small town could afford.这是一种田园式的生活，我们和亲戚住的很近，享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒服和安全。
2. But pap was a man of enterprise; he realized that the untouched Ten ThousandIslands off the southwest coast of the state were rich in soil for crops and in game for good.但父亲是一个很有进取心的人，他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发，那儿的土壤肥沃、适于耕种，而且猎物充足，不必担心食物来源。
3. This third day out, and the days to come, found us in the unsettled wilds of Florida. 出发后的第三天及以后的日子里，我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行。
4, Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.水下的水草就像绿色的丝带，不断地伸展开来，野兰花一簇一簇地挂满了枝头。
5. The burly arms of the oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.Redbirds, tanagers, and painted buntings flew back and forth across the trail, leaving a child with impression that the woods were tossing with jewels```以前这里经常发水的河滩岸边已丛丛地长满了乔叶烁，那些地面上铺着一层绿色的蕨类植物；乔叶烁粗壮的枝干上也覆盖着蕨类植物，复生的凤梨科植物正在盛开。
红雀、唐那雀和色彩斑斓的鸠鸟沿着小路飞来飞去，在孩子们看来就像是宝石在树林里跳动。
6. The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but the Indians and blackpeople were susceptible to his manipulations.本地的白人像惧怕响尾蛇一样怕他，而印第安人和黑人则不得不受他的控制和剥削。
7. Our new home was more than safe; it was a joy!我们的新家不仅安全稳固，他还给我们带来了无尽的乐趣。
8. Today I can see in my grandsons and great-grandson some of those qualities ofcourage and caring that my father had in such abundance.今天在我的子孙身上，我仍能看到我父亲所拥有的无尽的勇气和爱心。
Unit 3 At War with the Planet1.We have been tampering with this powerful force, unaware, like the Sorcerer’sApprentice, of the potentially disastrous, consequences of our actions.我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量，就像传说中的魔术师的土地一样，并没有意识到我们的这种行为可能会导致灾难性的后果。
2.Even if the global warming catastrophe never materializes, and the ozone holeremains an esoteric, polar phenomenon, already human activity has profoundly altered global conditions in ways that may not register on the camera.即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生，即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象，人类活动已极大地改变了全球条件，这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的。
3.The technosphere, in contrast, is dominated by linear process.与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程决定的。
4.The energy sources that now power the technosphere are mostly fossil fuels,stores that, once depleted, will never be renewed.现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生。
5.Nylon, for example, unlike a natural polymer such as cellulose, is notbiodegradable--- that is, there is no enzyme in any known living organism that can break it down.尼龙不能进行分解---也就是说，在现存的有机生物有中还发现哪种酶可以分解尼龙。
6.```living things have created a limited but self-consistent array of substances andreactions that are essential to life.···有生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限单独立的物质和反应。
7. A free lunch is really a debt,. In the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledged butunmet cost```免费的午餐实际上一种负债。