.archivetemp第5章

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ps《泪指轮传说-尤特娜英雄战记》游戏攻略

介绍和攻略（自己体会+网络上找来的）：希望能抛砖引玉本作借鉴了FC版的《火炎之纹章外传》的部分系统，在全体map 上实行移动，编成，查看敌我情报，购物等指令。

移动：玩家将在全体map上决定本军团的行动，并且采取的是实时移动(皇家骑士团)。

选择了目的地后自军团自动开始移动，在与敌军军团在map上接触以后双方立即进入战斗。

所以玩家要在与敌军团接触前做好充分的战斗准备，如果满足了特定事件发生的条件，在切入战斗之前双方的人物会进行对话并发生情节。

仔细看看对话的内容对玩家理解故事情节有很大的帮助。

仔细考虑自军团如何行动，由于采取即时移动系统，发觉情况不妙再想逃时就来不及了。

市街：如果本军团所处区域内有城镇或小村的话，就可以实行购物。

购入哪些道具和如何分配，使用道具对战局是有决定作用的，所以要认真的考虑。

而且资金有限，而道具的种类却很多，包括武器和装备品。

武器有传统的剑，枪，斧，弓，魔法与魔法杖。

装备品则包括回复道具，装饰品，盾牌和修理道具（？）不要可惜钞票，该买的就买吧。

已经公开的在商店里可以购入リペアハンマ，具备修理耐久度为零已经损坏了的武器的功效。

不要吝啬金钱，要充分购买合适的道具。

注意：1.道具都有耐久度的设定，当武器耐久度为0时此武器就会坏掉。

必须经过修理才能继续使用。

2.武器名字前标有☆号的是特定角色的专用武器，其他角色使用不可，以前玩过《火炎之纹章》的朋友，一定很清楚专用武器一般拥有很不错的性能。

一定要注意收集专用武器，然后以持有专用武器的角色为中心开始攻略吧。

3.本作中战死的角色就不能复活了，尽量避免出现战死的情况。

这一次是没有《圣战系谱》里的复活杖用的。

主角リュナン战死的话将 GAME OVER。

所以在出击选择时要考虑角色的防御力。

编成：移动到敌军团所处的区域并与敌军团接触时会立即进入战斗编成。

因此为了避免临战时慌乱，要在平时就做好准备。

将道具合理的分配给各个角色。

当与敌军团接触进入战斗编成时，要注意人员出击的选择。

.archivetemp选择+判断题

Word2010 基本操作1.1 单选题1．Word 中的手动换行符是通过（D）产生的。

（A）插入分页符（B）插入分节符（C）键入“Enter”（D）按“Shift”+“Enter”2．下列元素可被包含在文档模板中的是（C）。

○1 样式；○2 快捷键；○3 页面设置信息；○4 宏方案项；○5 工具栏（A）○1 ○2 ○4 ○5 （B）○1 ○2 ○3 ○4（C）○1 ○3 ○4 ○5 （D）○1 ○2 ○3 ○4 ○53．关于样式、样式库和样式集，以下表述正确的是（A）（A）快速样式库中显示的是用户最为常用的样式（B）用户无法自行添加样式到快速样式库（C）多个样式库组成了样式集（D）样式集中的样式存储在模板中4．在书籍杂志的排版中，为了将页边距根据页面内侧、外侧进行设置，可将页面设置为（A）。

（A）对称页边距（B）拼页（C）书籍折页（D）反向书籍折页5．关于模板，以下表述正确的是（C）（A）新建空白文档基于normal.dotx 模板（B）构建基块各个库存放在Built-In Building Blocks 模板中（C）可以使用微博模块将文档发送到微博中（D）工作组模板可以用于存放某个工作小组的用户模板6．在 word 中建立索引，是通过标记索引项，在被索引内容旁插入域代码形式的索引项，随后再根据索引项所在的页码生成索引。

与索引类似，下列选项中，不是通过标记索引项所在位置生成目录的是（B）（A）目录（B）书目（C）图表目录（D）引文目录7．关于word2010 页码设置，下列表述错误的是（C）（A）页码可以被插入到页眉脚区域（B）页码可以被插入到左右页边距（C）如果希望首页和其他页页码不同，必须设置“首页不同”（D）可以自定义页码并添加到构建基块管理器中的的页码库中８．在同一个页面中，如果希望页面上半部分为一栏，下半部分分为两栏，应插入的分隔符号为（B）（A）分页符（B）分栏符（C）分节符（连续）（D）分节符（奇数页）9．Word 文档的编辑限制包括（D）（A）格式设置限制（B）编辑限制（C）权限保护（D）以上都是10．关于导航窗格，以下表述错误的是（D）（A）能够游览文档中的标题（B）能够浏览文档中的各个页面（C）能够浏览文档中的关键文字和词（D）能够浏览文档中的脚注、尾注、题注等 11.通过设置内置标题样式，无法实现的功能是（C）（A）自动生成题注编号（B）自动生成脚注编号（C）自动显示文档结构（D）自动生成目录12.如果要将某个新建样式应用到文档中，以下方法无法完成样式应用的是（D）（A）使用快速样式库或样式任务窗格直接应用（B）使用查找与替换功能替换样式（C）使用格式刷复制样式（D）使用“ctrl”+“w”快捷键重复应用样式13.在word2010 新建段落样式时，可以设置字体、段落、编号等多项样式属性，以下不属于样式属性的是（C）（A）制表位（B）语言（C）文本框（D）快捷键14.若文档被分为多个节，并在“页面设置”的版式选项卡中将页眉和页脚设置为奇偶页不同，则以下关于页眉和页脚的说法正确的是（D）（A）文档中所有奇偶页的页眉必然都不相同（B）文档中所有奇偶页的页眉可以都不相同（C）每个节中的奇数页页眉和偶数页页眉必然不相同（D）每个节中的奇数页页眉和偶数页页眉可以不相同15.如果word 文档中有一段文字不允许别人修改，可以通过（D）实现。

.archivetemp第5章

第五章资本主义发展的历史进程一、单项选择题1、资本主义发展经历了二个阶段是（）A.资本原始积累阶段和资本积累阶段B.资本原始积累阶段和自由资本主义阶段C.自由竞争的资本主义和垄断的资本主义D.垄断资本主义的国家垄断资本主义阶段2、现代资本主义社会的经济制度是（）A.前资本主义B.自由竞争的资本主义C.垄断资本主义D.后资本主义3、自由竞争和生产集中的关系是（）A.自由竞争引起生产集中B.生产集中引起自由竞争C.自由竞争阻碍生产集中D.生产集中消除自由竞争4、垄断组织形式多种多样，其本质都是（）A.垄断先进技术B.控制产品生产C.操纵销售市场D.获得垄断利润5、垄断价格的出现（）A.违背了价值规律B.否定了价值规律C.使价值规律的作用范围受到了限制D.使价值规律的作用形式发生了变化6、垄断资本主义阶段，银行的作用发生了根本的变化，表现在（）A.银行直接控制了工业生产B.由普通的信贷关系的中介人变成万能的垄断者C.不仅是信用中介，而且是结算中介D.直接从事生产经营活动7、垄断资本主义的产生并占统治地位是（）A.资本原始积累的结果B.争夺短缺资源的产物C.生产的资本集中到一定程度的产物D.资本主义国际竞争的结果8．国家垄断资本主义对经济的调节代表着（）A.极少数金融寡头的利益B.国有企业的经济利益C.中小资本家的利益D.垄断资产阶级的整体利益9、国家垄断资本主义产生和发展的根本原因是（）A.资本主义自觉适应生产力发展的产物B.资本主义国家力量逐渐增强的表现C.对资本主义生产无政府状态的反应D.资本主义基本矛盾加剧的必然结果10、把一些在法律和生产上独立的大垄断企业在流通领域上统一起来的垄断组织是（）A.辛迪加B.卡特尔C.康采恩D.托拉斯11、金融寡头在经济上实现统治的手段主要是（）A.个人联合B.参与制C.控制新闻出版等宣传工具D.设立“民间机构”对政府施加影响12、资本主义国家直接向私人企业订货的形式属于（）A.国家直接掌握的垄断资本B.国有资本和私人垄断资本在企业内部的结合C.国有资本和私人垄断资本在企业外部的结合D.国民经济计划的一种方式13、在垄断资本主义阶段，占统治地位的资本形式是（）A.工业资本B.银行资本C.金融资本D.商业资本14、国家垄断资本主义的实质是（）A.通过国家的力量，保证垄断资产阶级获得高额垄断利润，以维护资本主义制度B.通过国家调节经济生活，创办国有企业，向社会主义经济制度过渡。

名侦探柯南来自过去的前奏曲第五章攻略

名侦探柯南来自过去的前奏曲第五章攻略第五章象牙塔杀人案在成沢侦探事务所看到的文件和在ＯＷＡＤＡ公司社长室看到的文件，都存在有『山西典子』的照片，柯南对这一点冥思苦想……【所优斗】加入人物档案【所被盯上的原因】加入证词档案【Ｑ：所应该怎么做？Ａ：寻求警方的保护】调查人群；询问【赤峰良夫】：关于案件、案件的情况【所优斗】人物档案更新【所不可思议的死法】加入证物档案询问【赤峰良夫】：研讨室的相关人员调查尸体；【所的死因】加入证词档案调查桌子；调查桌上的瓶子；【氧气瓶】加入证物档案询问【赤峰良夫】：柳下是？【柳下顺一郎】加入人物档案学生食堂。

询问【后藤晓江】：关于所的死、关于凶手【后藤晓江】加入人物档案国松准教授办公室。

询问【目黑护】：和所的关系、今天的行动【目黑护】加入人物档案【凛的行动】加入证词档案询问【铃村凛】：和所的关系、今天的行动【铃村凛】加入人物档案【睡着的所】加入证词档案询问【国松省吾】：和所的关系、今天在做什么？【国松省吾】加入人物档案【目黑的行动】加入证词档案休息室。

【Ｑ：小五郎推理的漏洞是？Ａ：窗户关着】选择搭档【少年侦探团】（仅供参考）移动【国松研讨室】国松研讨室。

【Ｑ：这个人物的名字是？Ａ：柳下顺一郎】询问【柳下顺一郎】：所的死因、关于赤峰刑警调查墙上贴的纸，得到拼图；调查桌上的文件；调查氧气瓶；调查垃圾袋堆；【Ｑ：我是不是应该下达什么指示？Ａ：自由地找】【塑料袋】加入证物档案调查垃圾桶；【Ｑ：柯南看漏了什么？Ａ：ボトル（即"瓶子"）】【小票】加入证物档案【第六瓶氧气瓶】加入证物档案移动（按下移动后画面从所的桌子移到研讨室室内全景）调查百叶窗；调查沙发，得到拼图；调查桌子以及桌上的氧气瓶；【Ｑ：这两瓶不是同一个产品的理由是？Ａ：标签偏了】【第六瓶氧气瓶】证物档案更新调查门；调查左边另外两张桌子，得到拼图；移动【国松准教授室】国松准教授办公室。

询问【目黑护】【铃村和国松的关系】加入证词档案（没想到这老师居然和所的女朋友有一腿，真特么狗血）【国松的行动】加入证词档案询问【铃村凛】【目黑和所的关系】加入证词档案询问【国松省吾】【铃村和所的关系】加入证词档案调查办公桌；调查窗户旁边的中国风的画，得到拼图；调查门、书柜；移动【走廊】走廊。

哈利波特与魔法石第5章中英文对照学习版

中英文对照学习版Harry Potter and Philosopher’s Stone《哈利波特与魔法石》CHAPTER FiveDiagon Alley第五章对巷角H arry woke early the next morning. Although he coul d tell it was daylight, he kept his eyes shut tight.第二天一大早哈利就醒了。

他明明知道天已经亮了，可还是把眼睛闭得紧紧的。

‘It was a dream,’ he tol d himself firmly. ‘I dreamed a giant call ed Hagrid came to tell me I was going to a school for wizards. When I open my eyes I’ll be at home in my cupboard.’“这是一个梦，”他确定无疑地对自己说，“我梦见一个叫海格的巨人，他来对我说，我要进一所魔法学校。

等我一睁眼，我准在家里，在储物间里。

”There was sudd enly a l oud tapping noise.突然传来一阵啪啪的响声。

‘A nd there’s Aunt Petunia knocking on the d oor,’Harry thought, his heart sinking. But he still didn’t open his eyes. It had been such a good dream.“又是佩妮姨妈在捶门了。

”哈利想，他的心一沉。

可他没有睁开眼，因为那个梦实在太好了。

Tap. Tap. Tap.啪。

啪。

‘A ll right,’ Harry mumbled, ‘I’m getting up.’“好了，”哈利咕哝说，“我这就起来。

”He sat up and Hagrid’s heavy coat fell off him. The hut was full of sunlight, the storm was over, Hagrid himself was asl eep on the collapsed sofa and there was an owl rapping its claw on the wind ow, a newspaper held in its beak.他坐起来，海格的厚外衣从身上滑了下来。

龙歌攻略第五章

龙歌攻略第五章第五章——地图：鲜⾎⼭脉Chapter5-Maps:M7.Blood Mountains地图：M7鲜⾎⼭脉Maps:M7.Blood Mountains出⼝Exits:I.世界地图World Map重要⼈物和地点Important characters and locations:1.娅斯敏Yasmin2.强盗伏击Bandit ambush3.沃利娜，普雷奥斯的神仆Warina,follower of Praios4.阿恩盖尔德Arngeld5.军需官Quartermaster6.⼤法官达·温亚Grand Inquisitor da Vanya7.伐⽊⼈霍尔德温Woodcutter HoldwiHoldwin n8.达诺斯Danos9.⿊森林中的庄园The Mansion in the Dark Forest10.厨房Kitchen11.阿尔维娜Alvina12.诺沃尔Knowall13.肥萤⽕⾍Fat firefly14.魔法树Magic tree15.魔法树Magic tree16.魔法树Magic tree17.审讯营地Inquisition encampment:魔法锅Enchanted pot18.萨菲娅Saphira19.伯恩德⾥克Berndrik20.隆科沃Ronkwer21.亨伯特Humbert22.通往⼥巫聚会场的⼩径Path leading to witches'meeting grounds.23.⼥巫聚会场Witches'meeting grounds24.荒废城堡Ruined castle25.废墟⼊⼝Ruin entrance第五章——地图：M7.1废墟Chapter5-Maps:M7.1Ruins地图：M7.1废墟Maps:M7.1Ruins1.⼊⼝Entrance2.下⾄第⼆层Down to level23.回⾄第⼀层Back to level14.教徒Cultists5.障碍物Block6.下⾄第三层Down to level37.回⾄第⼆层Back to level28.约斯特Jost9.下⾄第四层Down to level410.回⾄第三层Back to level311.卡斯坦·⽢布雷克Kastan Gamblack12.⼤蛇之书Book of the Serpent13.出⼝Exit第五章——主线任务Chapter5-Main quests在本章起始，会看到你要前往的废墟被⼀层魔法障碍包围着。

HACMP日常操作手册【范本模板】

HACMP操作手册强制方式停掉HACMP:HACMP 的停止分为3 种，graceful(正常)，takeover(手工切换），force(强制)。

下面的维护工作，很多时候需要强制停掉HACMP 来进行,此时资源组不会释放，这样做的好处是,由于IP 地址、文件系统等等没有任何影响，只是停掉HACMP 本身,所以应用服务可以继续提供，实现了在线检查和变更HACMP 的目的。

一般所有节点都要进行这样操作。

强制停掉后的HACMP 启动：在修改HACMP 的配置后，大多数情况下需要重新申请资源启动，这样才能使HACMP 的配置重新生效.日常检查及处理为了更好地维护HACMP，平时的检查和处理是必不可少的.下面提供的检查和处理方法除非特别说明，均是不用停机，而只需停止应用即可进行，不影响用户使用。

不过具体实施前需要仔细检查状态，再予以实施。

clverify 检查这个检查可以对包括LVM 的绝大多数HACMP 的配置同步状态，是HACMP 检查是否同步的主要方式。

smitty clverify—〉Verify HACMP Configuration回车即可经过检查，结果应是OK。

如果发现不一致，需要区别对待。

对于非LVM 的报错,大多数情况下不用停止应用,可以用以下步骤解决：1.先利用强制方式停止HACMP 服务。

同样停止host2 的HACMP 服务.1.只检查出的问题进行修正和同步：smitty hacmp —〉Extended Configuration—>Extended Verification and Synchronization这时由于已停止HACMP 服务，可以包括"自动修正和强制同步“。

对于LVM 的报错，一般是由于未使用HACMP 的C-SPOC 功能，单边修改文件系统、lv、VG 造成的，会造成VG 的timestamp 不一致.这种情况即使手工在另一边修正（通常由于应用在使用,也不能这样做)，如何选取自动修正的同步，也仍然会报failed。

ISPE-中国2010GMP中英文对照版-DAN-130312

Chapter 6 Personnel ....................................................................................... 17 第七章厂房 ..........................................................................................……..19
第二条本附录适用于无菌制剂生产全过程以及无菌原料药的灭菌和无菌生产过程。
Article 2 This annex applies to the whole manufacture process for sterile drug products, and to the process of sterilisation and sterile production for sterile drug substances.
Chapter 5 Blow/fill/seal technology ................................................................. 16 第六章人员 ................................................................................................... 17
Chinese GMP revised in 2010
附录1：
Annex 1:
无菌药品
Sterile Medicinal Products
目录
Table of Contents 第一章范围 ..................................................................................................... 4

archivetemp名词解释保险学

名词解释1.保证保证是最大诚信原则的另一项重要内容。

指保险人在签发保险单或承担保险责任前要求投保人或被保险人对某一事项的作为或不作为、某种事态的存在或不存在做出的承诺或确认。

2.风险引致损失的事件发生的一种可能性。

3.保险代理人是从事保险代理活动的人，是根据保险人的委托，向保险人收取佣金，并在保险人授权的范围内代为办理保险业务的机构或个人。

4、保险经纪人基于投保人的利益，代表投保人与保险人洽谈并订立保险合同的人。

保险经纪人既可以是法人也可以是自然人。

保险经纪人的行为后果由本人承担，一般适用于财产保险。

保险公估人接受保险当事人的委托，专门从事保险标的的勘验、鉴定、估损、理算的业务的人。

保险公估人是受谁委托即代表谁的利益，其行为后果有本人负责。

5、近因原则p75近因属于保险责任的，保险人应承担损失赔偿责任；近因不属于保险责任的，保险人不负赔偿责任。

(所谓近因，是指促成损失结果的最有效的、起决定作用的原因。

)百度上的解释：近因原则，是指保险人只有在造成损失的最直接、最有效原因为承保范围内的保险事故时才承担保险责任，对承保范围外的原因引起的损失，不负赔偿责任。

6.保险金额是由保险合同的当事人确定、并在保单上载明的被保险标的的金额，它又可以被看作是保险人的责任险额。

7.自留额（P189）对于每一危险单位或一系列危险单位的保险责任，分保双方通过合同按照一定的计算基础对其进行分配，分出公司根据偿付能力所确定承担的责任限额称为自留额或自负责任额。

8.大数法则(p258)所谓大数法则，是用来说明大量的随机现象由于偶然性相互抵消所呈现的必然数量规律的一系列定理的统称。

9. 保险期限也称保险期间。

根据保险合同，保险公司在约定的时间内对约定的保险事故负保险责任，这一约定时间就成为保险期限。

10.保险合同保险合同是投保人与保险人约定保险权利义务关系的协议。

11.逆选择投保人在投保时往往从自身利益出发，作不利于保险人利益的合同选择，使其承担过大风险。

.archivetemp第6章遥感图像岩性地层解译2014

酸性、中性、基性、超基性岩浆岩的波谱特征有明显的规律可循，一般情况下：（1）基性、超基性岩浆岩的反射率低，色调呈灰至黑色；（2）中性岩浆岩反射率中等，色调呈灰色；（3）酸性岩浆岩反射率偏高，呈浅灰至灰白色调；（4）在同一类岩石中，随着化学成分、矿物成分和结构构造的变化，其反射率也将有所不同，可引起色调的变化。
用产物的双重影纹特征。如，侵入岩体的块状图形背景上迭加许多细断续线纹。
副变质岩：具备沉积岩和变质作用产物的双重影纹特征。即在沉积岩的图形类型上迭加细小的迥曲状条纹条带。在变质构造片理和片麻理与原岩层理一致时，表现为成层岩层的图形特征，其中细线纹尤为发育。当变质构造与层理不一致时，往往细线纹与地层条带呈斜交或直交的交叉线纹。此外，常见有似层状，透镜状，肠状或回曲状图形。
第六章遥感图像岩性、地层解译
●三大岩类的主要影像特征 ●岩性解译的方法与要领 ●沉积岩——地层解译方法
岩性及地层解译是遥感图象地质解译的重要内容与基础，并与构造解译、矿产解译等密切相关。由于三大岩类内在因素的差异和受复杂的外部因素影响，岩性及地层解译标志常具有多变、多解性等特点，因而增加了解译工作的难度。如何把握住各种岩性的解译标志，提高解译的速度和精度，通过多年的解译实践，体会到岩性及地层解译要善于分析对比、抓住典型特征、利用组合规律进行解译。为此，需注意以下三个问题：
1.3.3 变质岩类图像的主要解译标志变质岩类图像解译与沉积岩和岩浆岩图像解译相比，
其难度较大。原因是变质岩岩石类型复杂、岩相变化大、厚度大小不一，不稳定。解译时以岩性组合为单元，以影纹特征为主要标志，结合其它特征标志进行综合解译。
解译时一般从水系分析着手，变质岩的水系常呈丰字型或羽毛状水系。在影纹组合上常呈断续的细条纹条带，在假彩色合成图像上尤为突出。当原岩是岩浆岩时，它呈环状，其形态特征与岩浆侵位时形成的环形构造十分相似，但变质岩类环形构造不太明显，在环形中常有一些细的条纹叠加，在遥感图像上有些部位较明显，有些部位十分隐晦，它是变质岩的片麻理在影像上的特征。变质岩类遥感图像主要解译标志见下表：

the room asia 第5章第3段攻略钢琴谜题要注意

攻略访问
3
roomasiaherooห้องสมุดไป่ตู้asia未上锁的房间亚洲版第5章第3段攻略当我们从旋转箱中获得把手后将其放入图中所在位置并且旋转最后会使一台钢琴出来
the room asia 第5章第3段攻略钢琴谜题要注意
the room asia 未上锁的房间亚洲版第5章第3段攻略
当我们从旋转箱中获得把手后，将其放入图中所在位置攻略访问
1
钢琴一开始是无法打开的，需要我们同时按下上图中三个数字所在的键位才行。
当钢琴打开后，将硬币放入弹攻略访问
2
此时钢琴就会有一个特定的节奏，第一轮按照12321顺序来弹即可。

【Falcom】英雄传说5-海之槛歌详细攻略

注意事项1．由于是传统的RPG游戏，因此探索精神是必备的；2．在野外的魔兽打过之后出现的机率很少，所以尽量将所有的路都走到，会发现宝物；3．每到一地务必多与人交谈，否则会进行不下去；4．在第六章之前，有新武器和防具要早买，打起来会轻松很多；第六章之后请按攻略购买，可以省钱；5．战斗危急时按鼠标右键可选择退出，以免死人。

6．所有需要用马克贝因的爆岩击打开的暗道均开口于北边，入口的石壁要么颜色有异要么有裂缝。

所有的隐藏暗道均开口于南面或东/西侧，玩家是看不到的，只能用鼠标试探。

本攻略文中对此均作了详细的说明。

7．第三章之前里尔（R）的兑换率为：1：3，进入第三章为1：4，进入第四章后一直为1：5。

因此在第四章之前不要急于兑换里尔；里尔的上限是9999，若达到上限则无论再打多少魔兽都不会再增加。

一般玩家大约在进入第五章后接近这一值，此时应兑换部分里尔。

8．本作的人员流动性较大，为防止离开的队员带走重要的装备，本攻略特地对每一次人员变动都作了详细说明。

同时鼓励玩家多存盘，以防不测（这一方面，新出的英雄传说4：朱红的泪做的比较好，每个队员离队时会自动归还所有武器、防具和道具）9．道具栏内图标为红色叶子的道具（如胶带、烤面包、大甜饼等）是消耗品，只限平时使用，战时不能使用。

道具栏内图标为绿色叶子的道具（如斗魂头巾等）是装备品。

10．最强武器介绍：a）剑类：1）雷索那刀（最强的剑。

第七章，异界王城遗址，在解除了雷欧涅的幻影结界后，遗址的两边尽头各有一个恢复点，雷索那刀在右边恢复点的上方宝箱里）2）苍骑士之剑（最终章，比欧拉留姆浮起后，若不前进，而是向下走，则会回到古拉巴德城，在城下町的酒场与艾西尔对话，若已收集完整22卷人偶骑士，可与艾西尔交换宝物，三件中任选一件。

其他两件是黑法师的手甲和红莲之爪）3）星屑之剑（最终章，古拉巴德城地下迷宫里）4）熟练者之剑（可购买的最好的剑。

第七章的船内武器店或最终章的古拉巴德城下町武器店）b）护手类：1）黑法师的手甲（最强的护手。

《Into the wild》PPT精品教学课件

eyes. d. The monarch butterfly reaches ＿th＿e ＿pla＿ce＿s w＿h＿ere＿it＿w＿ill ＿＿＿＿.
spend the winter
tell the time of day measure the point of the sun
determine the way to go
Para5
Step 3.While-reading 读中
Activity 2 Scanning寻读
寻找具体的信息，跳过不重要的信息
introduce v. 介绍，引见，首次引入 cloudy adj. 多云的
1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
Step 3.While-reading 读中 Activity 2 Scanning寻读
3. Which of the following is not a purpose of a migration? A. To find food. B. To find a partner. C. In search of warmer weather. D. To travel.
Step 1. Leading in导入
Do you like animals? What is your relationship with them?
friends companion 伙伴，同伴
The monarch butterfly(黑脉金斑蝶) is a kind of beautiful insect with fine black and orange wings.
Para.1: Introduction of the monarch’s migration. Para. 2: The time and distance of the monarch’s migration. Para. 3: The way of the monarch’s migration. Para. 4: The serious trouble of the monarch. Para. 5: How to help the monarch get out of the trouble.

《上古卷轴5》主线任务流程攻略第五章FORBIDDEN LEGEND(遗失的真相)

下面小编为大家带来了《上古卷轴5》主线任务流程攻略第五章FORBIDDEN LEGEND(遗失的真相)、以供大家参考、赶紧和小编一起来看看吧~前沿:完成龙腾之后接到几个任务(路上也有支线任务),想先完成几个支线任务玩玩,首先选了这个,不料蛋疼的旅途开始了···很久之前,大法师gauldur被谋杀,他的三个儿子被国王逮捕;去寻找这个故事的真相···任务攻略1:按照任务提示去目的地,很长的一段路,就当作开地图好了;途中还碰到了几条龙,果断打不过(完成前面的主线会有个MM跟随你)。

想进个房间休息加搜刮下,不料里面随便出来一个都是强力法师,打不过跑。

2:来到目的地,进入地下城。

发现这个地下城已经有其他人来过了,不过很多人都死在了里面,还没有人深入过。

照例是排列,前面有提示,分别是鱼、蛇、鸟(和前面的石像一样)。

3:一路探索进去发现以前探索的最后一个死尸,搜刮之找到一个lvory dragon claw(龙爪),使用龙爪开门进去;里面又是排列,不过在隔壁有三块固定的石像,看他们的排列,然后去另一边把三个石像排成一样(从右到左),之后拉环进去。

4:一路前进,来到最后的一扇大门前,也是类似的排列;拿起前面的龙爪,放大仔细看龙爪上的图案,分别是鹰、鹰、龙。

开门后进去,杀光敌人搜刮一切,之后来到发光处探索真相。

5:出去后发现还要去两个地方(Geirmund‘s hall、saarthal),非常远,坑爹啊。

果断抢马跑之,路上看到个幽灵骑士,跟着;来到Geirmund‘s hall,冰天冻地下发现没有钥匙进不去,怎么搞?可能需要主线的后续,只能先等待了。

以上就是6399小编带来的攻略、更多详细内容请持续关注6399游戏~。

简述常解压流程

简述常解压流程下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!简述常解压流程一、准备工作阶段。

在进行常减压蒸馏之前，需要进行充分的准备工作。

GBA龙珠Z-布欧的愤怒攻略

开始游戏前：开始游戏前，选择“Option：可以进行一些设置，Music Volume是改变背景音乐大小，第3项是改变对话速度。

设置完后，选择STARA后再选第1项，之后再选个记录档进行游戏。

MULTIPLAY是联机。

好了，让我们开始玩游戏吧。

前言：图片上英语大概意思：龙珠Z悟空的遗产2中——……（剧情回顾= = ）英语大概意思：悟饭最终唤醒了体内最强的潜能，打败了完美形态的沙鲁。

大概意思（几张图连续的）：最终，在摧毁了格罗博士的人造人引起的骚乱后，地球又重归和平了。

除了一件事——悟空，这个在与沙鲁的战斗中牺牲了的战士不能再凭借地球上的神龙的力量复活了。

尽管大家仍然有办法使他回到这个世界，但悟空认为没有他的存在地球会更加和平，所以他拒绝了朋友们的好意。

就这样，他的朋友和家人们不得不对这位他们深爱着的塞亚人战士说再见了……不会翻译。

翻译：在某处的星球（图中紫色那个吗= =），然后后面的英文有点不好翻译，就不翻译了。

非游戏通关有用的文字内容，我就不翻译了。

EP是发气功所需的能量，XP为现在一共获得了多少经验，TIME为玩游戏经过了多少时间，ZENIE，钱。

一、系统篇：1、操作：方向键：控制角色移动，连点两次同一方向为奔跑A键：对话，决定；战斗时为普通攻击B键：取消；战斗时为必杀攻击L键：菜单画面时为向左切换菜单；战斗时为切换必杀R键：菜单画面时为向左切换菜单；战斗时为防御（防御中按住B键为无敌状态，但快速消耗能量）选择键：看小地图开始键：打开菜单JOURNAL：日记，日报，翻译软件里是这么写的。

STORY ITEMS：剧情道具。

INVENTORY：详细目录，存货清单。

EQUIP：装备，分上衣、手、脚、--------------------------------------------2、世界地图：与生化危机的操作差不多，上键为前进，左右键为转向，A键下降，B键上升。

有了龙珠雷达以后，左上角的雷达会出现提示方向，当离龙珠很近时会显示红色。

SIGMETRIC_2007_Distributed Link Scheduling with Constant Overhead

Distributed Link Scheduling with Constant OverheadSujay SanghaviLIDS,MIT sanghavi@Loc BuiCSL,UIUClocbui@R.SrikantCSL,UIUCrsrikant@ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a new class of simple,distributed algo-rithms for scheduling in wireless networks.The algorithms generate new schedules in a distributed manner via simple local changes to existing schedules.The class is parame-terized by integers k≥1.We show that algorithm k of our class achieves k/(k+2)of the capacity region,for every k≥1.The algorithms have small and constant worst-case over-heads:in particular,algorithm k generates a new schedule using(a)time less than4k+2round-trip times between neighboring nodes in the network,and(b)at most three control transmissions by any given node,for any k.The control signals are explicitly speciﬁed,and face the same interference eﬀects as normal data transmissions.Our class of distributed wireless scheduling algorithms are theﬁrst ones guaranteed to achieve anyﬁxed fraction of the capacity region while using small and constant over-heads that do not scale with network size.The parameter k explicitly captures the tradeoﬀbetween control overhead and scheduler throughput performance and provides a tun-ing knob protocol designers can use to harness this trade-oﬀin practice.Categories and Subject DescriptorsH.1[MODELS AND PRINCIPLES]:Systems and In-formation TheoryGeneral TermsAlgorithms,Performance,TheoryKeywordsScheduling,wireless networks,primary interference,match-ingsPermission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for proﬁt or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on theﬁrst page.To copy otherwise,to republish,to post on servers or to redistribute to lists,requires prior speciﬁc permission and/or a fee.SIGMETRICS’07,June12–16,2007,San Diego,California,USA. Copyright2007ACM978-1-59593-639-4/07/0006...$5.00.1.INTRODUCTIONThis paper presents novel distributed algorithms for schedul-ing transmissions in wireless networks.The algorithms rep-resent theﬁrst instance in which any arbitrary fraction of the capacity region can be achieved with constant overhead. In addition,our algorithms are very simple.We now moti-vate our work and summarize our contributions.The task of wireless scheduling is challenging due to the si-multaneous presence of two characteristics:interference be-tween transmissions,and the need for practical distributed implementation.In any given wireless network,interference eﬀects result in a fundamental upper limit on the data rates that any scheduling algorithm–distributed or otherwise–can hope to achieve.This fundamental limit,or capacity re-gion,serves as a benchmark against which the performance of various distributed scheduling algorithms can be com-pared.In practice,the need for distributed implementation in-variably leads to an overhead,as the same time,power and bandwidth resources that could have been used for data transmission have to,instead,be wasted on control signals in an eﬀort to combat interference.Most of the previously proposed scheduling algorithms,which we survey and com-pare in Section2,manage to achieve the capacity region(or approximations thereof)using algorithms in which the time and communication overheads grow with network size.Most of these algorithms attempt to maximize scheduling performance while ignoring(i.e.not explicitly accounting for)the control overheads.This is clearly a problem from the perspective of modelling wireless resource usage.In par-ticular,it may be the case(especially for large networks) that after using a large–and unaccounted for–portion of resources for control signalling,the algorithms perform well with regards to the benchmark in the remaining portion used for data transmission.Scheduling algorithms with growing overheads exacerbate this problem,to the extent that it is in general not im-mediately clear what relation the claimed scheduling per-formance1has to the actual eﬃciency of overall resource utilization in general networks.In recognition of this fact, the papers make(sometimes convincing,but heuristic)ar-guments as to why their algorithms have manageable over-heads.In our paper we adopt a more principled approach of taking the overheads into account a priori in the perfor-mance evaluation.This fact,along with the fact that our 1which is typically compared to the benchmark“capacity region”or“100%throughput region”4k+221214k+2SchedulingSchedulingq t −1q tTime Slot t −1Time Slot tI t −1I tFigure 1:Each scheduling cycle is divided into a control part and a data part.The control part con-sists of 4k +2phases –each phase being the length of a round-trip between neighbors –after which a new set of active links will be decided.This new set is active for the data part of the cycle.The whole process is repeated in the next cycle with updated queues.t counts the cycle number.algorithms have constant overheads,implies that for our algorithms it is clear (i)how eﬃciently the overall wire-less resources are utilized,(ii)how we can tradeoﬀbetween scheduling performance and control overhead,and (iii)how a system designer can choose her operating point on this tradeoﬀ.These three aspects are elaborated on below,after a brief description of our results.As an aside,note that the modelling probem outlined above is not present in the (algorithmically closely related)task of switch scheduling.This is because in switches the computation resources used in the overheads are separate from the constrained resources that need to be eﬃciently scheduled –namely,the crossbar switch.Growing overheads thus do not need to ﬁgure in the accounting of the utilization of the constrained resource.However,in wireless networks the overheads use the same resource as the one that has to be eﬃciently scheduled,and hence growing overheads are a problem.The need for fast algorithms in switches is driven primarily by practical hardware limitations.Growing overheads are also undesirable from a wireless protocol implementation viewpoint.Besides possible re-source wastage,growing overheads have the potential to in-troduce dependencies on network size into MAC scheduling,complicating protocol design.We are not the ﬁrst to recog-nize the need for protocols with constant overheads:some recent pieces of work [1,2,3]also propose constant-overhead algorithms.Their results and approaches are summarized and compared to ours in Section 2.These existing constant-overhead algorithms can guarantee at most half of the ca-pacity region (in the portion of resources dedicated to data transmission),and essentially involve doing enhanced con-tention resolution as a way to approximate maximal match-ing in constant time.As opposed to these protocols,our algorithms can capture any desired fraction of the capacity region (in the data transmission part),and do not attempt enhanced contention resolution.Thus our work diﬀers from the existing work in methodology,and goes beyond in terms of performance.In this paper,we present a class of simple distributed algo-rithms for scheduling in the “node exclusive”or “primary”interference model.In this model any node in the network can communicate with at most one other node at any time.This is an important model with a rich history of dedicated work,which we survey in Section 2.In our algorithms bandwidth is assumed to be ﬁxed and time is divided into scheduling cycles,with a new schedulegenerated by the algorithm in every cycle.In our paper,as in others in this area,the length of a cycle is left to the protocol designer.Our algorithms partition each cycle into two parts:a scheduling (control signalling)part and a service (data-transmission)part.Figure 1depicts this partition.The algorithm in our class corresponding to parameter value k requires that the length of the scheduling part be 4k +2round-trip times,where one round-trip time is the amount of time required for a node to make a very basic two-way handshake with a neighboring node.This algorithm isthen guaranteed to achieve a fraction “kk +2”of the capacity region during the data part of the cycle,and for any network.Also,in any scheduling cycle,the algorithm requires at most three control signal transmissions,for any k .Also,the size of each control transmission is ﬁxed a priori and is independent of k or network size.Finally,each node may have to perform at most one computation,which is just taking the diﬀerence of two integers given to it.The partitioning of the scheduling cycle thus explicitly captures the wastage in control signalling:the fraction of resources wasted is the ratio of the length of the control part to the length of the overall cycle.A larger value of the parameter k requires a longer ab-solute length of the control part,and in return guarantees better performance in the data part,as explicitly detailed above.Thus k captures the overhead-performance trade-oﬀ.Our class thus provides the protocol designer a tunable knob with which to optimize performance,with respect to other system considerations.One such consideration that may have a direct bearing on the appropriate choice of k is the length of the scheduling cycle.If long cycles are deter-mined to be feasible –where “long”is as compared to the round-trip time –it may make sense to choose a protocol with larger k .Conversely,short scheduling cycles may fa-vor a small-k implementation.The choice of the parameter k may depend on network characteristics like mobility and arrival statistics;however,it does not depend on network size .In the rest of the paper we concentrate on two objec-tives:specifying a scheduling algorithm that runs with the above-mentioned control overheads,and showing that this algorithm achieves the claimed capacity region during the data part of the cycle.Thus,in the rest of the paper,the term “capacity region”has to be interpreted as the capacity of the data portion of the overall cycle.This will be com-pared to the “100%throughput region”as it applies to the data part.The rest of the paper is organized as follows.In Section 2we survey some of the existing literature most relevant to our paper,and compare our results.Section 3lays out the formal system model for scheduling in the presence of primary interference.Section 4presents our parameterized class of algorithms,along with examples,illustrations and discussion.Section 5proves the performance of our algo-rithm for arbitrary networks.In Section 6we investigate the performance of our algorithm for a simple grid network.We conclude with a discussion in Section 7.2.BACKGROUND AND EXISTING WORKScheduling in the presence of interference constraints is a central problem in communication networks.In this sum-mary,we will mainly concentrate on the work involving primary interference constraints,also known as the“node-exclusive”model in wireless networks.Primary interference constraints arise both in wireless networks and input-queued crossbar switches in Internet routers,and the results of the papers listed below are often of interest in both applications. In the following,“complexity”refers to the number of op-erations/amount of time that has to be spent every time a new schedule has to be found.Hajek and Sasaki[4]introduced the primary interference model,which they studied in the wireless context and for ﬁxed given arrivals.Tassiulas and Ephremides[5]were the ﬁrst to consider stochastic arrivals in general interference models,of which primary interference is a special case.They characterized the maximum attainable capacity region,and also presented a centralized algorithm guaranteed to achieve it.In the case of primary interference,this algorithm boils down toﬁnding maximum weight matchings(with queue lengths being weights).This algorithm thus hasΩ(n2)com-plexity.McKeown et.al.[6]also showed the same result for switches.The need for speedy implementation and low overhead spurred the development of algorithms with lower complex-ity(but possibly higher delays).Tassiulas[7]studied ran-domized centralized algorithms that achieve the capacity re-gion with O(n)complexity.This algorithm samples a new candidate matching uniformly from the set of all matchings, and switches schedules to this new sample if and only if it represents a larger weight.For the case of switches,this algorithm was de-randomized by Giaccone et.al.[8].A distributed implementation of[7]for wireless networks was proposed by Modiano et.al.[9],with the weight comparison between matchings being done via an averaging mechanism. Weller and Hajek[10]showed that any algorithm that uses a maximal matching in every time slot can achieve half the capacity region.They showed this result for determin-istically upper-constrained traﬃc.Dai and Prabhakar[11] showed the same performance holds for stochastic packet ar-rivals as well.Lin and Shroﬀ[12]extended this result to the case ofﬂow arrivals and departures.Recently,distributed algorithms achieving the entire ca-pacity region have been proposed,see e.g.[9,13,14,15]. This guarantee of course refers to the scheduling eﬃciency with regards to data transmission,since there papers do not account for resources used in overheads.Also,these proto-cols have overheads that grow with network size.All of the above algorithms involve complexities that grow with network size.In some more recent work scheduling al-gorithms with constant overheads have been proposed.Lin and Rasool[1]showed that close to1/3of the capacity re-gion can be achieved with O(1),i.e.constant,overhead. Gupta et.al.[2]and Joo and Shroﬀ[3]build on this result to achieve close to1/2the capacity region with constant overheads.These algorithms attempt to generate(approx-imately)maximal matchings in every time slot using local contention algorithms that terminate in O(1)time.Our ap-proach in this paper is thus diﬀerent from these papers,as we do not attempt to resolve contention.All the above papers consider single-hop traﬃc.Some more recent developments have pushed in the directions of multi-hop traﬃc and more general interference constraints: see for example[16,17,18].3.PRELIMINARIESWe now describe the(standard)model for scheduling in the presence of primary interference,with the implicit un-derstanding that the capacities and bounds refer to what is achievable in the service part of a time slot.Consider a wireless network modeled by a graph G=(V,E),where V is the set of nodes and E is the set of links.We assume that the time is slotted,denoted by t.Nodes communicate data to other nodes in the form of packets,whose size is normalized so that each packet can be communicated in one time slot.All traﬃc is assumed to be single-hop.Let A t(e) denote the number of packets arriving at time t for trans-mission over link e,and A t be the vector of all arrivals at time t.The packets in A t can be communicated at time slot t or later.The arrival process A t is assumed to be indepen-dent and identically distributed across time2,with average arrival rate vector a=E[A t]and bounded second moment E[A′t A t]<∞.The arriving packets are stored in queues, of which there is one for each link.Let q t(e)be the queue length associated with link e at time t,and q t be the vector of queue lengths at time t.We assume there is no a pri-ori upper bound on the maximum queue size,so there are delays but no packet drops.Links can be active or inactive.Each active link can trans-mit one packet in its queue.In this paper we work with the node-exclusive spectrum sharing model of primary interfer-ence in wireless networks,which requires that any node com-municate with at most one other node in any time slot.This means the set of simultaneously active links is constrained to be a matching in G.We will use the binary vector I t of length|E|to denote the set of active links at time t,with the convention that I t(e)=1if and only if link e is active and has a positive queue at time t.The queue lengths thus evolve according toq t+1=q t+A t+1−I tLet I be the set of all feasible matching vectors I in G.The capacity region C of the network is the strict convex closure of all matchings:a∈C if and only if there exist non-negative numbersλ1,...,λ|I|such thata=X mλm I(m)and X mλm<1C has also been referred to in the literature as the“stability region”and the“100%throughput region”.It is well known [5]that any rate vector a/∈C will lead to some queues in the network being unstable.The task of a link scheduling algorithm is to determine which links are to be activated at any given time.Any algorithm which guarantees stable queues for any a∈C is said to“achieve C”.In this paper we will be interested in algorithms that achieve a fraction0≤β≤1of the capacity region.The frac-tionβC of the capacity region is the set of all arrival rates a for which there exist non-negative numbersλ1,...,λ|I|such thata=X mλm I(m)and X mλm<β(1)An algorithm is said to achieveβC if it can ensure queues are stable for any a∈βC.2It may be correlated across links.Time correlation can also be allowed,but at the expense of more complicated proofs.In our algorithms,the decision for which linkstive at time t is based on the pair(q t,I t−1)of current lengths and the last available schedule of active links. sider the algorithm corresponding to parameter k. summarizes the service structure for this algorithm.time slot is divided into a scheduling part and apart.The scheduling part consists of4k+2phases,during which the set of active links in I t will be decided based on (q t,I t−1).This new set of links remains active for the ser-vice part of time slot t.The whole process is repeated in the next time slot with updated queues.The length of a phase is one round-trip time between adjacent nodes in G.4.THE ALGORITHMIn this section we present our algorithm for determining the new schedule I t from(q t,I t−1).To do so,we will need a few simple deﬁnitions.In the following we will abuse nota-tion by letting I denote matchings as well as the associated {0,1}valued vector of length|E|:I(e)=1if and only if link e is in the matching I.Recall that in I no two adjacent links can be active.An augmentation A of a matching I is a path or cycle in which every alternate link is in I,with the property that if all links in A∩I are removed from I and all links in A−I are added3 to I,then the resulting set of links will remain a matching in G.This process of changing I using A is called augmenting I with A,and the resulting augmented matching is denoted by I⊕A.The size of augmentation A is the number|A−I|of links in A that are not also in I.Note that any augmentation of size k will have at most2k+1links in it.Two augmentations A1and A2are disjoint if no two links in A1−I and A2−I are adjacent.This implies that I can be simultaneously augmented by A1and A2and still be a valid matching4.A is a set of disjoint augmentations if every pair in A is disjoint.Clearly,if A is a set of disjoint augmentations then I⊕A will be a matching in G.5 Finally,for any time t,the gain of an augmentation A to I t−1–the matching used in the previous time slot–is deﬁned asgain t(A):=X e∈A−I t−1q t(e)−X e∈A∩I t−1q t(e)(2)If the queue lengths q t(e)are considered to be the weights on links,then gain t(A)represents the change in the weight of I t−1if it is augmented by A.Similarly,the gain of a set A of disjoint augmentations is the sum of the gains each augmentation in that set.Our algorithm obtains I t by augmenting I t−1with a set of disjoint augmentations of size at most k and positive gain. The process is illustrated in the example below:The bold lines in the left-mostﬁgure indicate links in I t−1. The dotted lines in the centralﬁgure indicate the links in augmentation A.The bold-dotted lines are in A∩I t−1,and the thin-dotted lines are in A−I t−1.I t is obtained by aug-menting I t−1with A.The bold lines in the lastﬁgure are 3Here A−I denotes the set of links in A but not in I.4Note that a link in I can be part of both A1and A2even if they are disjoint.5I⊕A is I augmented by every A∈A.The fact that the augmentations are disjoint means that this can be done in any order.I t−1I t t−1Athe links in I t.The idea of usingﬁxed-length augmentations to obtain aproximations to maximum-weight matching has been used previously(see e.g.Pettie and Sanders[19])in a diﬀerent,pure graph-theoretic context toﬁnd an approxima-tion to maximum-weight matching with linear complexity. In our algorithm,augmentations are built in a random distributed fashion.We now present a simpliﬁed example to aid in the visualization of how our algorithm makes one augmentation.Example1:Augmentation Building in the Absence of ContentionConsider Figure2,which depicts our algorithm operating in phases on a simple graph.The bold links in the top left graph of Figure2are the links of I t−1.In our algorithm,an augmentation begins at a seed and ends at a terminus.This seed is active in phase1.When a node is active,it tries to elongate its augmentation A by adding links as follows:1.if the node has a link in I t−1that is not already in A,it adds I t−1to A.2.else,it adds a random new link to A.Every time a link is added,for the next phase the currently active node becomes inactive,and the new end-node be-comes active instead.As seen in theﬁrstﬁgure,node a is the only seed and is active in phase1.It adds link(a,b)to its(currently empty) augmentation in phase1,since(a,b)∈I t−1and it is not currently in a’s augmentation.For phase2,a is inactive and b is active.Node b can choose to add any one of the links(b,c)or (b,f).Say it chooses(b,c).So,for phase3,node c is active and b is inactive.Node c adds the link(c,d),because it is a new link in I t−1. So in phase4d becomes active.d picks randomly from links (d,e)and(d,h).Say it picks(d,e).Node e would have become active as a result,but it has no further links to add to the augmentation.So it instead becomes the terminus of the augmentation.Terminus e then evaluates the gaingain t(A)=q t(b,c)+q t(d,e)−q t(a,b)−q t(c,d) using net queue length information that has been passed on along a,b,c,d,e during the building of the augmentation. In our example,itﬁnds that gain t(A)>0and decides to switch.This decision is then passed on back along the links (e,d),(d,c),(c,b)and(b,a)over the next4phases.Then, the links in A are switched to obtain theﬁnal graph above, where bold links are the ones in I t−1⊕A. The above algorithm illustrates the simple basic idea un-derlying our algorithm,namely:(i)randomly seed and grow disjoint augmentations,and(ii)switch all the augmenta-tions that have positive gain.eeeFigure 2:Augmentation building in our algorithm (Example 1).The indicates active nodes.Dashed lines are links are in A .Bold lines in the ﬁrst 5graphs are links in I t −1,and in the last graph are links in I t −1⊕A . indicates terminus.The above example illustrated the augmentation build-ing procedure in an idealized network where it was the only augmentation.In an actual wireless network however,aug-mentations are seeded at random.This means that there will be multiple augmentations,which will have to contend for access to links while ensuring that they remain consistent (i.e.valid augmentations)and disjoint.We now succinctly describe the algorithm that makes I t from (q t ,I t −1).A more realistic,and more detailed,example and a brief discussion follows the description.In our algorithm each augmentation builds up in phases starting from a seed and ending in a terminus.For any phase,and node v ,let aug (v )denote the augmentation (if any)that v is a part of in that phase.Also,the term “new link”for a node v refers to any link (u,v )that is not already in aug (v ).For any active v except the seed,one of its links will be in aug (v )and all the others will be new.Similarly,a “new neighbor”for v is any node that shares with v a link that is new for v .We require the ﬁrst link a seed adds be a link in I t −1,if one is incident on the seed.Else it adds a random link.In each phase from 2to 2k +1,every augmentation alternately needs links in I t −1and links outside I t −1.Algorithm Description1.Initialization:Before phase 1,(a)each node randomly decides to be a seed withprobability p .(b)Each seed chooses an intended size for its aug-mentation,uniformly from the set {1,...,k }.The seeds are the active nodes in phase 1.2.Iteration:Every seed s that has some link (s,r )∈I t −1adds (s,r )to aug (s )and sends a REQ to the corresponding r in phase 1.Every other seed sends a REQ along a random link.In each phase from 2to 2k +1,each active node v tries to extend its aug (v )as follows:(a)If aug (v )needs a new link I t −1,and if one suchlink (v,u )∈I t −1exists,then (v,u )is added to aug (v ).Also,v sends a REQ to u along (v,u ).If no such link exists,v becomes terminus .(b)If aug (v )needs a new link outside I t −1,but size (aug (v ))is already as intended,v sends no REQ and be-comes terminus.Otherwise,v sends REQ to a random,uniformly chosen,new neighbor.If no new neighbor exists v becomes terminus.The REQs above may face contentions.In any phase if active v sends REQ to w and(a)any another active u also sends REQ to w in thatphase,a collision occurs.w does not ACK,and v becomes terminus.(b)If w is a used node,i.e.it is already part of anaugmentation,then it w does not ACK and v be-comes terminus.(c)If w is unused and there is no collision,then wsends ACK to v .The link (v,w )is added to aug (v ).w will become active in the next phase and v will become inactive.Every node that becomes terminus is inactive in sub-sequent phases.3.Termination:After 2k +1phases,every terminus w checks the following three conditions(a)if it is adjacent to its seed v ,(b)if aug (w )began and ended with links in I t −1,(c)if aug (w )has not reached its intended size.If all of above are true,link (u,w )is added to aug (w ).Also,in either case,every terminus w evaluates gain t (aug (w ))and makes the decision of switching if and only if gain t (aug (w ))>0.4.Back-propagation and Switching:Switching de-cision is relayed back in phases 2k +2to 4k +2from terminus to seed,along the path of each augmentation.These communications will be non-interfering.After phase 4k +2,all nodes in augmentation implement decision.DiscussionNote that in our algorithm there is a small but crucial dif-ference between links in I t −1and links outside I t −1with regards to the timing of link addition to an augmentation.Speciﬁcally,a link in I t −1is added before a REQ is sent (and irrespective of whether an ACK is received),while a link outside I t −1is added only after a REQ is sent and and ACK is received.This diﬀerence in timing ensures that aug-mentations are consistent,i.e.whenever a link e /∈I t −1isFigure 3:The working of our algorithm in phases (Example 2).Bold lines in ﬁrst seven graphs are links in I t −1,in the last graph are links in I t .Dashed lines are links in augmentations. denotes active nodes and denotes terminus nodes.Arrows depict the REQ signals in each phase.added to A ,all the links in I t −1adjacent to e are also added to A .It is easy to see that our algorithm will ensure disjointness of augmentations.Consider the addition of a link (v,u )/∈I t −1to aug (v )by an active node v in some phase.This will only happen if v sends a REQ to u in that phase and u responds with an ACK.Now,if u is already a member of an augmentation by that phase (including the case of it being already a member of aug (v )itself)then u will not respond with an ACK.Also,if any other augmentation tries to add some other link (w,u )/∈I t −1at the same phase,then neither augmentation will be successful.Thus no two adjacent links outside I t −1will be part of augmentations.Thus all augmentations are consistent and disjoint.Note of course that any link (z,u )that is in I t −1can be added to another augmentation.This however does not hurt the disjointness.We now illustrate how our algorithm works by means of a slightly detailed example.Example 2:Working of the AlgorithmConsider the network shown in Figure 3.The ﬁrst graph shows the schedule I t −1of the previous time slot.The sec-ond graph shows the nodes active in phase 1,which are the seeds of the network.Assume k =2and also that the in-tended size chosen by every seed is also 2.Note that the active nodes that have a link in I t −1incident on them im-mediately include it in their augmentations,and also send the REQ along that link.Other active nodes do not include any links in their augmentations,and send REQs at random.Since all REQs went to diﬀerent targets,there were no collisions and so there are four new nodes active in phase 2.Again the newly active nodes that have a new link in I t −1incident on them immediately add it to their augmentation and send REQs along them.Other newly active nodes send REQs at random.We see that two of the REQs sent in phase 2will col-lide.This means that the corresponding transmitters of the collied REQs will become terminus of their augmentations,which then stop growing.The other two augmentations con-tinue growing.In phase 4,the active node at the bottom sends REQ to a used node (its own seed in this case).Hence,it does not receive an ACK,and becomes the terminus.The other active node in phase 4adds its link without problems.How-ever,the addition of another link to this augmentation would make it exceed its intended size.Thus after the addition the new node becomes terminus and does not further add links.After the last phase 5,note that one of the augmenta-tions (the bottom one)satisﬁes the conditions in step 4of the algorithm,namely:it began and ended with links in I t −1,its seed and terminus are joined by a link not in I t −1and the addition of this link does not violate the intended size.Thus,this link is added to get the ﬁnal set of disjoint augmentations after phase 5(=2k +1).These augmentations are switched depending on their gains.In our example,two of the four augmentations are switched and the other two are not.The switching decisions are re-layed back in phases 6to 10,after which the switching hap-pens.The ﬁnal graph depicts the resulting I t . The example illustrates the fact that without possible the last link addition in the “termination”part of the above algorithm,we would not be able to build augmentations that are (small)cycles.。

牛津阅读树5级之欧阳科创编

5-1 The Magic Key5-2 Pirate Adventure5-3 The Dragon Tree5-4 Gran5-5 Castle Adventure5-6 Village in the Snow5-7 The Whatsit5-8Underground Adventure5-9 Vanishing Cream5-10 It’s Not Fair5-11The Great Race 5-12 A Monster Mistake5-13 The New Baby5-14 Camping Adventure 5-15 Scarecrows5-16 Noah’s Ark Adventure 5-17 A New Classroom5-18 Mum to the Rescue5-19 Sleeping Beauty5-20 The Adventure Park5-21 Kipper and the Trolls 5-22 Safari Adventure5-23 Dad’s Run5-24 Drawing Adventure5-1 The Magic KeyThe box was by Chip’s bed. Something was glowing inside it. Chip looked at the box. “It’s magic,” he said. Chip ran into Biff’s room. “Biff,” he called. “Look at the box.” Biff and Chip looked at the box. Something was glowing in side it. They opened the box. They looked inside. “It’s magic,” they said. A key was in the box. The key was glowing. “It’s a magic key,” said Biff. She picked up the key and the magic began. Biff and Chip got smaller and smaller and smaller. “Oh help!” sa id Biff. “It’s magic,” said Chip. Biff and Chip looked at the room. Everything looked big. “Look at my big slippers,” said Biff. “Everything looks big.” Chip picked up a pencil. “Look at this big pencil,”he said. Biff picked up a pin. “Look at this big pin,” she said. They looked at the house. It looked like a big house. The windows were glowing. “It’s magic,” said Chip. Biff and Chip ran to the house. They looked in the window. Biff went to the door. She pushed and pushed, but she couldn’t get in. They went to the window. Chip pulled and pulled, but he couldn’t get in. Something was coming. Chip picked up the pin. “Oh help!” he said. It was a little mouse. Biff and Chip looked at the mouse. The mouse ran away. Something was glowing. It was the magic key.B iff picked it up. Biff and Chip got bigger and bigger and bigger. “Oh no!” said Biff. “Oh help!” said Chip. “It’s the magic,” they said. The magic was over. “What an adventure!” said Biff and Chip.5-2 Pirate AdventureBiff was looking at a book. The book was about pirates. “I don’t like pirates,” she said. Wilf and Wilma came to play. They went to Biff’s room. They looked at the little house. “It’s a magic house,”said Biff. “Don’t be silly,” said Wilma. They looked at the key. “It’s magic key,” said Chip. “Don’t be silly,” said Wilf. The key began to glow. The magic was working. “Oh help!” said Wilma. The magic was working. The children got smaller and smaller and smaller. “Oh no!” said Wilf. “Oh help!” said Wilma. “We don’t like this,”they said. They looked at the house. The windows were glowing. Biff went to the door. She put the key in the lock. She opened the door. The children went inside the house. “It’s a magic house,” they said. “Look at the sand,” said Biff. “Look at the sea,” said Chip. “Come on,” they said. They ran to the sea. Wilf picked up a shell. Chip picked up a coconut. Biff climbed up a tree. Wilma went in the sea. “This is magic,” they said. They played on the sand. They played in the sea. “What an adventure!” said Bif f. A pirate came up. He looked at the children. “Children!” said the pirate. “Pirates!” said the children. “Oh help!” they said. “Come on,” said the pirates. The pirates had a boat. They went to the pirate ship. “I don’t like pirates,” said Biff. “Look at that pirate,” said Biff. “Look at that big rope,” said Chip. “I’m frightened,” said Wilf. “We wanted a party,” said the pirate. “Nobody wanted to come. Will you come to the party?”The children went to the party. It was a good party. “I like pirates,” said Biff. The key was glowing. It was time to go. “Goodbye,” said Chip. “Thank you for the party.”“Oh no!” said the pirates. “What an adventure!” said Wilma.“I liked the pirates,” said Biff. Wilf looked at the little hat.5-3 The Dragon TreeKipper was lookin g at a book. The book was about a dragon. Kipper couldn’t read the story. Biff didn’t want to read it. She didn’t like dragons. Kipper went into Chip’s room. Chip read the story. “I like dragons,” said Chip. Something was glowing. It was the magic key. “Oh no!” said Chip. Chip picked up the box. He ran into Biff’s room. “The magic is working,” he said. Biff picked up the key. They looked at the magic house. “The door is open,” said Biff. The magic was working. It took the children inside. It took Floppy too. It took them to a wood. Floppy didn’t like the wood. He was frightened. Biff pulled Floppy. “Come on,” she said. “Don’t be silly.” An owl flew out of a tree. Floppy didn’t like the owl. He ran away. Floppy ran out of the wood. “Come back,” called Biff. “Come back,” called Chip. It was no good. Floppy ran and ran. “Oh help!” said Biff. Thechildren looked for Floppy. They called and called. “Floppy! Come back!” they called. The children came to a tree. It was called “The Dragon Tree”. A dragon lived under the tree. The dragon had Floppy. He wanted Floppy for supper. Floppy was frightened. “Oh no!” said Biff. “What a nasty dragon! I don’t like dragons!” Biff looked at the dragon’s tail. She took off her belt. She put it round the tail. Chip helped her. Kipper went inside the tree. He pulled Floppy out. Chip helped him. The dragon was cooking. It didn’t see them. “Come on!” called Chip. They ran and ran. The key was glowing. “The key is glowing,” called Biff. “It’s time to go home.”“What an adventure!” said Chip.“I don’t like dragons,” said Biff.5-4 GranA car came to the house. The children ran to see. “It’s Gran,” said Kipper. “Come in,” said Mum. “Come in,” said Dad. The children helped. They took Gran’s things. “What a lot of things!” said Kipper. The chil dren liked Gran and Gran liked the children. “Come and see my toys,” said Kipper. “Come and see my room,” said Biff. “Come and play,” said Chip. Gran played with the children. They played inside. “Oh no!” said Mum. They went outside and played football. “Oh no!” said Dad. Gran took the children out. They went in Gran’s old car. Wilf and Wilma went too. “What an old car!” said Wilf. “It’s a good car,” said Gran. Gran took them to the fun park. “This looks fun,” said Gran. “Come on, everyone.” The children be gan to run. They wanted to go on everything. “Come on, Gran,” they called. “Look at this,” said Kipper. “It’s a castle. “It’s called Jumping Castle.” The children went on the Jumping Castle. “This is fun,” called Wilma. The children jumped and jumped, and bounced and bounced. “Come on, Gran,” they called. Gran went on the castle. She jumped and bounced. “Good old Gran,” called the children. Gran made a hole in the castle. “Oh no!” said the children. The castle began to go down. A man ran up. He was cross wi th Gran. “Look at my castle,” he yelled. “Go home,” yelled the man, “and don’t come back.” Gran took the children home. Biff told Mum about the castle. Mum was cross with Gran. Gran was sad. Gran was in Chip’s room. She looked at the magic key. The key was glowing. Gran picked up the key and ran into Biff’s room. “Look at this,” she said. “Oh no!” said Kipper. “It’s the magic. The magic is working.” The magic took them to a new adventure.5-5 Castle AdventureThe magic took them to a castle. Three witches lived in the castle. They were nasty witches. One was a black witch. One was a red witch. One was a green witch. The magic took the children inside the castle. It took them to a room. A frog was in the room. “I am a king,” said the frog. “I am the king of this castle.” The witches turned me into a frog. Help me,” he said. A witch was coming. It was the black witch. “Look out!” said the frog. The witch opened the door. Gran pushed the witch. Chip took the witch’s keys. They ran ou t of the room. Chip locked the door. The witch couldn’t get out. Everyone ran. “Look out!” called Chip. A witch was coming. It was the red witch. “I don’t like witches,” said Gran. She put a net over the witch. The witch couldn’t get out. “Good old Gran,” called Biff. Gran went to the green witch. “I don’t like witches,” said Gran. “I don’t like nasty witches.” Gran threw the witch on the floor. “Help!” yelled the witch. “Good old Gran,” said the children. Some frogs came in and jumped on the table. One was theking. “Help us,” he said. Biff and Gran looked in the witches’ book. The frogs turned into people. “Thanks!” said the King. The witches turned into frogs. Gran put the book on the fire. “Oh no!” said the witches. The king had a party. Everyone went to it. “What a good party!” said Chip. “What an adventure!” said Biff. “I like adventures,” said Gran. “Good old Gran!” said everyone. The magic key was glowing. “It’s time to go,” said Biff. “Goodbye,” said the king. The magic took them back to Biff’s room.They fell on to Biff’s bed. “Oh no!” said Mum.5-6 Village in the SnowThe children were at school. It was playtime. “Come in,” called Mrs. May. Mrs. May told the children a story. The story was about a village. The village was in the mountains. Everyone liked the story. It was called The Village in the Snow. The children went to Biff’s room. They wanted an adventure. Biff picked up the magic key. The key began to glow. “The magic is working,” said Biff. The magic took the childr en to the village in the snow. “It’s lovely,” said Biff. Kipper jumped in the snow. “I like the snow,” he called. “This is fun.” They played in the snow. They made a snowman and put Kipper’s hat on top. They jumped in the snow. They threw snowballs. “Look,” said Wilma. They saw a little boy. The boy was pulling a toboggan. Some big boys ran up. They pushed the little boy over. They pushed the toboggan over and they ran away. The children ran up. They helped the little boy. Kipper picked up his hat. The little boy told them about the big boys. Kipper was cross. Kipper put on the little boy’s hat. He put on his coat. “Come on,” he called. The big boys looked at Kipper. Kipper looked like the little boy. “Come on,” said the big boys. The children threw snowball s at the big boys. “Help! Help!” yelled the big boys. The big boys ran away. The little boy jumped and jumped in the snow. The children put the little boy on the toboggan. They pulled him home. The little boy lived with his grandfather. Grandfather gave the children a drink. The children told Grandfather about the big boys. They told Grandfather about the snowball fight. The children played in the snow. They went on the toboggan. “This is fun,” said Wilf. The magic key began to glow. “It’s time to go,” said Biff. “Come on,” she said. The magic took the children home. “What an adventure!” said Chip.5-7 The WhatsitMum and Dad painted the kitchen. Dad painted the ceiling. Mum painted the walls. Mum pulled up the old carpet. “The walls look good,” she said. “But this looks a mess.” Dad looked at the floor. “We need a new carpet,” said Biff. Mum found a trap door. She pulled it up. Everyone looked. “It’s a caller,” said Dad. Mum went into the cellar. “It looks big,” she said. The children looked in. “It looks dark,” said Biff. “It looks spooky,” said Chip. Dad got light. They went into the cellar. Kipper found an old sheet. “I’m a ghost,” he said. “Whooooooooooooaa...!” “Look at this,” said Kipper. “What is it?” asked Chip. “I don’t know,” said Mum. “It’s a whatsit,” said Dad. Wilf and Wilma came to play. They looked at the whatsit. “What is it?” asked Wilma. “It’s a whatsit,” said Chip. “We found it in the cellar.” Two men came to the house. They came in a lorry. They took away the old things. One man looked at t he whatsit. “What is it?” he asked. “It’s a whatsit,” said Dad. The men took the whatsit. They put it in a lorry. A car stopped. A lady jumped out and called to the men. “Stop!” she said. The lady wanted the whatsit. She wanted it for amuseum. The men put it in the car. The lady gave Dad some money. “Come to the museum,” she said, “and bring the children.” The whatsit was in the museum. Mum and Dad went to see it. They took Biff, Chip and Kipper. “So that’s what it is,” said Dad. Mum and Dad had a surprise. It was for the children. “What is it?” asked Biff. “It’s a whatsit,” said Dad. He pulled off the sheet. The whatsit was a snooker table. “It’s brilliant!” they said.5-8 Underground AdventureThe children were in the cellar. They wanted to find a secret tunnel. The children looked everywhere. They tapped on the floor. They tapped on the walls. But there was no secret tunnel. “It’s no good,” said Biff. Kipper ran to the cellar. He had the magic key. The key was glowing. They ran to Biff’s bedroom. “Come on!” called Kipper. “It’s time for a magic adventure.” The magic took them underground. They were in a big tunnel. Wilma picked up a lamp. “Come on,” she said. “Let’s go!” There were elves in the tunnel. But they were shy. “Oh no!” th ey said. “Children!” The children went down the tunnel. They didn’t see the elves. “This way,” said Wilma. The children came to a big cave. “Wow!” said Biff. The elves looked at the children. “Oh dear!” said the elves. “Oh dear! Oh dear!” The cave had an echo. “Whoooooaa!” called Kipper. “Whoooooaa!” went the echo. “Whoooooaa!” went Kipper. The elves laughed. They laughed and laughed. The elves came out. They ran to say hello. “Whoooooaa!” they went. “Whoooooaa!” went the echo. And everyone laughed. The elv es were sad. They had no work. “Can you help?” said the elves. “Our gold has run out. We don’t know what to do.” Wilma had a good idea. She told the elves what it was. The elves liked Wilma’s idea. They painted some signs. The children helped. The elves put light in the caves. The cave looked beautiful. People came to see them. The elves were happy. The elves were busy. “Thanks to the children,” they said. The magic key began to glow. It was time to go home. “What an adventure!” said Wilf. “I have a good id ea,” said Chip. “What do you think?”5-9 Vanishing CreamThe children were at school. They made a little theatre. They made it out of a box. The children put on a play. The play was about a wizard. He was called Wizard Blot. Wizard Blot made mistakes. Wizard Blot made a spell. The spell went wrong. “Oh dear! Oh dear!” said Wizard Blot. Everyone laughed. Everyone liked the play. Mrs. May liked Wizard Blot. Biff was in her room. The key began to glow. “Chip! Chip!” called Biff. Chip ran into Biff’s bedroom. The magic took them inside the little house. The magic took them to Wizard Blot’s house. The Wizard wanted some help. “Come in!” said the Wizard. “I wanted one helped, but two will do.” “Come in!” said the Wizard. “You can wash up, then you can tidy up.” Biff and Chip looked at the mess. “Don’t be lazy,” said the Wizard, “Or I’ll turn you into frogs.” Biff and Chip did the washing up. “I don’t like this,” said Chip, “But I don’t want to be a frog.” “I don’t like ironing,” said Biff, “but we don’t want to be frogs.” Oh no! Biff dropped a bottle. It was vanishing cream. “Help!” said Biff. “This is vanishing cream.” Chip looked at his hands. “Oh no,” he said. “Bits of us are vanishing.” He rubbed his face. “Oh no!” said Biff. “Your face is vanishing.” A man came to the house. He climbed through the window. The man didn’t see Biff and Chip. He took all the Wizard computerdisks. “Help! Help!” said the man. “I’m being attacked by the washing.” Wizard Blot came back. Biff told him about the vanishing cream. Chip gave Wizard Blot the computer disks. The Wizard was pleased. It was time to go home. “Thank you,” said Wizard Blot. “Do come again.” Biff had a little bottle. “Don’t droop it,” said Chip. “It’s vanishing cream.”5-10 It’s Not FairMrs. May was ill. The children had a new teacher. He was called Mr. Fry. It was story time. The children sat in the reading corner. Mr. Fry had a new story. The story was about a king. He was called King Arthur. “Here is King Arthur,” said Mr. Fry, “and her e are his knights. They lived a long time ago.” King Arthur had a round table. All the knights sat round it. They liked the round table. The children did a project. The boys were knights. “It’s not fair,” said Biff. Biff wanted to be a knight. “It’s not fair,” she said. “Why can’t girls be knights?” Biff was in her room. She wanted to go skateboarding. But the magic key began to glow. “Oh blow!” said Biff. “I wanted to go skateboarding.” The magic took Biff to King Arthur’s castle. It put her in a dress. “Yuk!” said Biff. “I wanted to be a knight. Knights don’t wear dresses.” Biff was cross with the magic. She saw some knights. “Can I be a knight?” she said. The knights laughed. “But you are a girl,” they said. “Girls can’t be knights.” Biff got on her skateboard. “You couldn’t do that,” she said. “Now can I be a knight?” The knights were amazed. “We’ll have to ask King Arthur,” said the knights. The knights took Biff to King Arthur. “This is Biff,” they said. “She wants to be a knight.” King Arthur laughed. “Girls can’t be knights,” he said. “Why not?” asked Biff. King Arthur called a meeting but the knights argued. No one wanted to sit down. They all wanted to sit near King Arthur. Biff had a good idea. She spoke to King Arthur. “Get a round table,” she said. The knights liked the round table. “It’s brilliant!” they said. “Now we won’t argue.” The knights sat round the table. “See!” said Biff. “Now can I be a knight?” But everyone laughed. “I’m sorry,” said King Arthur, “but girls can’t be knights.” The magic adventure was over. “It’s not fair,” said Biff. “Girls are as good as boys.”5-11The Great RaceGran wanted a new car. Biff and Chip were sad. They liked Gran’s old car. Gran liked this car. Biff was worried. The car was too fast for Gran. Gran bought th e fast car. She drove it home. “Oh no!” said Dad. Mum was cross with Gran. “That car is too fast,” she said. Gran was upset. The magic key glowed. The magic took Biff and Chip. It took Gran, too. The magic took them to a race. “Come on,” said Gran. “This is my new car.” “Oh Gran!” said Biff. “What would Mum say?” “Never mind Mum,” said Gran. Gran found a map. They all looked at it. A man looked at Gran. He was a bad man. He was called the Baron. The children looked at the Baron. The Baron looked at the chil dren. “Ha!” said the Baron. “You won’t win.” A man changed the signpost. “Ha! Ha!” said the man. “Now the Baron will win.” The map blew away. “Which way?” asked Gran. Chip didn’t know. They didn’t see the signpost. Gran turned left. “Grrr!” said the man. T hey came to the mountains. “Slow down,” shouted Biff. “No. This is fun,” said Gran. The Baron put oil on the road. “That will do it,” he said. “That will stop them.” The car skidded on the oil. It crashed through the fence and went down the mountain. “Hold on,” shouted Gran. “Oh no!” shouted Biff.“Oh help!” shouted Chip. The Baron was behind. Gran was in front. She was winning the race. Biff looked behind. “Come on Gran,” she shouted. “Which way?” called Gran. Chip didn’t know. Gran turned on to a bridge. The bridge was dangerous. “Not this way!” called Chip. The bridge broke. The Baron’s car crashed down into the river. Gran won the race. “Hooray!” called Biff and Chip. The magic key glowed. Gran took the fast car back. She bought a little car. “This one w ill do,” she said.5-12 A Monster MistakeMum and Gran went on holiday. They went to Scotland. They took the children. They stayed in a cottage. The cottage was by a lake. It had a boat. “I like it here,” said Biff. “We can go sailing.” “And fishing,” sai d Kipper. Everyone had a good time. Biff and Kipper went fishing. Gran and Chip painted a picture. Mum sat in the sun and read a book. “This is fun,” she said. Everyone looked at Gran’s picture. “Oh Gran!” said Chip. She had painted a monster. Kipper looke d at the monster. Gran laughed. “There’s no such thing,” she said. Mum went shopping. She took Kipper. Biff and Chip stayed with Gran. Mum looked at the shops. “Let’s get Dad a postcard,” she said. Kipper went into a shop. “I want a monster for me and a postcard for Dad,” he said. Kipper posted the card to Dad. “I wish Dad was here,” he said. Gran wanted to play a joke on Mum. “Let’s make a monster,” she said. “I don’t get it,” said Biff. “Wait and see,” said Gran. They put the monster in the lake. It made the children laugh. “It looks brilliant!” said Chip. “What a good joke,” said Biff. “What a good joke to play on Mum.” Mum and Kipper came back. Gran pulled the rope. The monster went across the lake. “A real monster,” said Kipper. “I don’t believe it,” sa id Mum. “There’s no such thing.” Some people saw Gran’s monster. They were amazed. They took photographs. The children watched television. “Gran’s monster!” said chip. “Oh no!” groaned Biff. The next day lots of people came. There were lots and lots and lots of people. They wanted to see the monster. “Oh Gran!” said Mum. “Now look what you’ve done.” Gran told everyone about the monster. “It was just a joke,” she said. A man from the television came. Mum was cross with Gran but everyone laughed. Gran was sor ry. “A monster?” she said. “There is no such thing.”5-13 The New BabyJo had some good news. She was expecting a baby. “What good news!” said everyone. Wilma’s mum found the old buggy. “Oh look!” said Wilma’s dad. “Wilf had it when he was a baby.” The buggy looked a bit scruffy. A wheel had come off. “We can do it up,” said Wilma’s mum. Wilma told Biff and Chip. “Jo is expecting a baby,” she said. “What good news!” said Chip. Biff and Chip went home. “Jo is expecting a baby,” said Chip. “What good news!” said Mum. Dad found the old cot. “Oh look!” said Mum. “Kipper had it when he was a baby.” The cot looked a bit scruffy. It needed a new mattress. “We can do it up,” said Dad. Biff and Chip told Kipper. “Jo is expecting a baby,” they said. “That’s brilliant!” said Kipper. Kipper found an old toy rabbit. It looked a bit scruffy. “Can we do it up?” he asked. Kipper was in Miss Green’s class. He told Miss Green about Jo’s baby. “How exciting!” said Miss Green. Kipper looked puzzled. “When will Jo’s baby come?” he asked. Miss Green told the children about babies. Mums and dads came to school. They toldthe children about babies too. Kipper played with the baby. He gave it a rattle. The baby made a funny noise. The children made a book. The book was about babies. Kipper gave Jo the book. Biff and Chip gave Jo the cot. Jo was pleased. Wilf wanted the baby to be a girl. Wilma wanted it to be a boy so Wilf made a big chart. “The baby is coming,” said Jo. “It’s time to go.” “How exciting,” said Wilf. Wilma called her mum. “Jo’s baby is coming,” she called. “How exciting!” said Wilma’s mum. Jo went to the hospital. She went in the car. “Good luck,” called Wilma’s mum. Jo was in hospital. She had a baby girl. “She is called Vicky,” said Jo. Jo brought Vicky home. Everyone wanted to see the new baby. Jo looked at Kipper. “You know about babies,” she said. “Do you want to help?” Kipper looked at Vicky. “No, thank you,” said Kipper.5-14 Camping AdventureMum and Dad went camping. They took children. They went to a farm. Mum and Dad had a new tent. They put it up. Wilf helped. Wilma got some water. “I like it here,” she said. “I like camping.” Mr. Jones was the farmer. He had to milk the cows. “Come and watch,” he said. “What a lot of cows!” said Wilf. Mr. Jones laughed. “We milk them every day,” he said. Mum wanted some milk. She went to the farmhouse. “I want some eggs too,” said Mum. Mrs. Jones was expecting a baby. She was expecting it soon. “It may come today,” she said. Dad cooked supper. “I like it here,” said Wilf. “It’s fun in this tent.” Everyone went to bed but there was a storm. Nobody could sleep. The wind blew. Everyone had to get up. The wind blew the tent down. They had to go to the farmhouse. Mr. Jones called Mum. “The baby is coming,” he said. Mrs. Jones had to go to hospital. She got in the car. Mum helped her. The storm got worse. The wind blew and blew. The wind blew a big tree down. The car couldn’t get past. Mr. and Mrs. Jones went back to the house. Mr. Jones called for help. He call ed the hospital. “A helicopter’s coming,” he said. Mr. Jones pointed to a field. “The helicopter can land there,” he said. Mr. Jones got some bags. The children helped. They got some big stones. They made a big cross out of the bags. They put stones on the bags. The helicopter came. It landed near the cross. “At last!” said Mr. Jones. There was a doctor in the helicopter. “Come on!” said Mr. Jones. The doctor ran to the house but Mum came to the door. She was laughing. “Too late!” said Mum. “Mrs. Jones has had the baby. She’s had a baby boy.” Everyone looked at the baby. “He’s very sweet,” said Wilma. “Will he like camping?”5-15 ScarecrowsBiff and Chip had a little garden. They planted seeds and they put in plants. The birds liked the garden. They ate the seeds and pecked the plants. Biff was cross. “Look at the birds,” she said. “Go away! Go away!” Biff and Chip had an idea. “Let’s make a scarecrow,” they said. “What a good idea,” said Mum. They got some old clothes and made the scarecrow’s body. Mum helpe d them. Biff got a bag. Chip painted a face on it. Mum made the scarecrow’s hair. Chip wanted the scarecrow to be a boy. He called it Fred. Biff wanted it to be a girl. “All scarecrows are boys,” said Chip. The key began to glow. The magic took them inside the little house. The magic took them to a field. The scarecrow came to life. “I’m alive!” called Fred. Fred jumped in the air. “It’s magic!” he called. There were some scarecrows in the lane. Fred waved at them. Fred ran up tothe scarecrows. “Hello!” he called. “Where are you going?” A scarecrow pointed to a barn. “We’re going to the barn dance. You can come too.” Then the scarecrows looked at Biff and Chip. “Oh dear! You can’t come.” Biff and Chip weren’t scarecrows. They couldn’t go to the dance but Fred had an idea. Fred made Biff and Chip into scarecrows. They went to the dance. The band began to play. “Come on,” called Fred. “Let’s dance.” Biff began to dance with the scarecrows. “This is fun,” called Chip. Biff danced with Fred. Chip danced with Bif f. They all danced with the scarecrows. “See!” said Biff. “There are girl scarecrows. I told you so.” Suddenly, the key glowed. It was time to go home. “Oh no!” said Fred. The magic took them home. Biff and Chip had an idea. “I didn’t know there were girl scarecrows,” said Mum. “Well, there are,” said Chip.5-16 Noah’s Ark AdventureIt rained and rained. It rained all day long. The children were fed up. The children went outside. They wanted to play but it was too wet. Dad looked out of the window. “Come inside,” he said. “It’s too wet to play outside.” The children went to Biff’s room. Suddenly, the key began to glow. It was time for a magic adventure. “What a good job!” said Kipper. “I want a magic adventure. I’m fed up with all the rain.” The magic key took them into a new adventure. But it was raining. “Oh no!” said Kipper. “We don’t want an adventure in the rain.” The children saw a boat. “What is it?” asked Kipper. “It’s Noah’s Ark,” said Biff. “Noah has to put the animals on the Ark or they will drown,” said Chip. “It’s raining so much,” said Biff. “The water’s going to cover everything.” “Don’t worry,” said Chip. “Noah will save all the animals.” “Will he save us too?” asked Kipper. “Hello,” said Noah. “What do you want? Have you come to help?” Noah looked at the water. He pointed at the Ark. “I want some help,” he said. The children looked at the animals. “It is time to put the animals on to the Ark,” said Noah. The animals went on to the Ark. They went on in twos. First, Noah put the big animals on. A man pushed the elephants. They pulled the crocodiles up in a big net. A camel didn’t want to go on to the Ark. They pushed it and pulled it. “All the animals are on,” said Noah. “It’s time to go. Please get on to the Ark.” The children went on to the Ark. Noah looked at Floppy. “Stop!” shouted Noah. “I’m sorry,” said Noah. “We put two dogs on the Ark. We can’t have three dogs.” The children couldn’t leave Floppy. “Floppy can’t go on the Ark, so we won’t go on it,” said Biff. The Ark sailed away. The children floated in Noah’s big umbrella. “It’s still raining,” said Biff. Just then, the magic key began to glow. The magic took the children home. “What an adventure!” said Biff. “Oh no!” said Kipper.5-17 A New ClassroomSome people came to the school. They put a fence across the playground. The children looked at the fence. “What is it for?” asked Wilf. Nobody knew. A lorry came to the school. It had blocks on it. “What are they for?” asked Biff. Then a digger came. The children wer e excited. Some men dug a long trench across the playground. “What is it for?” everyone asked. It was time to go in but the children didn’t want to. They liked the digger. Mrs. May looked at the trench. “It’s for a new classroom,” she said. The children we re excited. They wanted to find out about the new classroom. The children looked at some books. Wilf found a book about diggers. Chip painted a picture of one. Mrs. may took children outside. They talked about the digger. Mrs. May took a。

archivetemp普通化学习题集(1)甄选

21、根据数据ΔfGØm(NO,g) = 86.5KJ.mol-1,ΔfGØm(NO2,g) = 51.3KJ.mol-1，反应(1) N2(g) + O2(g) = 2NO(g) ; (2) 2NO(g) + O2(g) = 2NO2(g)，在标准状态下进行的情况说明正确的是（）
A.（1）能自发（2）不能B. (1)和(2)都能自发
27、不经过计算推论在相同温度下，下列哪一个反应的恒压反应热与恒容反应热差值最大？（）
A、C(s) + 1/2 O2(g) = CO(g)
B、C(s) + O2(g) = CO2(g)
C、2C(s) +3H2(g) =C2H6(g)
D、C(石墨)=C(金刚石)
28、下列哪一反应（或过程）的熵值是减小的（）
C、（△H1+△H2）－（△H3+△H4）= △H5
D、△H1＋△H2＋△H3＋△H4=△H5
24、在298K，101Kpa时，反应
C(s) + (g)=CO(g)△
2C(s) + (g)=2 CO(g)△
下列哪一个等式是正确的？
A、△ =△ B、△ =2△
C、2△ =△ D、△ 与△ 无关
25、已知反应N2(g) + 3 H2(g) = 2NH3(g)的标准摩尔焓变为－92.22KJ·mol－1，下列哪一数据为NH3(g)的标准摩尔生成焓？
ΔrHØm=－1170KJ.mol-1
4NH3(g) + 3O2(g) = 2N2(g) + 6H2O(l)
ΔrHØm=－1530KJ.mol-1
则NO(g)的标准摩尔生成焓ΔfHØm为_______
A.–790 KJ·mol-1B. 2KJ·mol-1

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