高二英语必修四知识点总结
高二年级英语必修四知识点整理
高二年级英语必修四知识点整理【导语】高二本身的知识体系而言,它主要是对高一知识的深入和新知识模块的补充。
以数学为例,除去不同学校教学进度的不同,我们会在高二接触到更为深入的函数,也将开始学习从未接触过的复数、圆锥曲线等题型。
作者高二频道为你整理了《高二年级英语必修四知识点整理》期望对你有所帮助!1.高二年级英语必修四知识点整理1、at如:常用词组有: at noon, at night表示时间的 at, in, on:表示片刻的时间,at 8 o’clock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。
in 表示一段的时间如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。
on 总是跟日子有关,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。
2、表示时间的 since 和 from:since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的进程,常与现在完成时连用:from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不触及与现在的关系。
一样多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的 in 和 after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区分在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后” ,而 after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后),in 短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。
高二英语必修四知识点总结
高二英语必修四知识点总结高二英语必修四知识点总结(一)1. In pairs discuss what they have in common. 两人一组讨论一下他们有哪些共同之处。
in common 共同的We have very much/a lot /nothing /little /something in common.我们有很多/没有/几乎没有/有一些相似之处。
You know, Mary, you and I have one thing in common.玛丽,你知道,我俩有一个共同点。
2. Can you put them in an order according to the time when they appared?你能按照他们现世的时间顺序把他们排列成序么?in order按照顺序; 挨次整齐; 整洁恰当, 正确; 符合程序out of order次序紊乱(机器等)失灵; 出故障有病;违反议事规则3. Over time I have been changed quite a lot.经过一段时间我变化了很多。
4. as a calculating machine 作为一台计算机器calculate on: depend on 指望 We are calculating on fine weather for the sports meeting.我们指望着运动会有好天气。
5. …it nearly took two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine…差不多到了200年之后我才被做成分析机6. the start of “artificial intelligence”人工智能的开始7.From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. 从那时起,我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。
高中英语知识点总结(必修四)
⾼中英语知识点总结(必修四) ⾼考是⼈⽣⾄关重要的⼀场考试,想在这场战役中取得漂亮的好成绩,扎实的复习是必不可少的,店铺⼩编为⼤家准备了⾼中英语知识点总结(必修四),希望对⼤家有所帮助,更多精彩内容欢迎访问www.。
第⼀单元 1)achieve 表⽰“完成,到达”。
区别achieve,reach,gain: achieve着重表⽰达到⼀定⽬的的过程中所需要的技能,耐性和努⼒。
reach指达到任何⽬标、⽬的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。
gain强调经过奋⽃才达到所期望的⽬标、优势或者有利地位。
2)condition 表⽰“条件”,condition为单数时,表⽰⼈/物所处的“状态”。
conditions(复数)指⼀般情况,环境。
in good/poor condition状况好/不好。
out of condition状况不好。
on condition that在……条件下,假使。
on no condition决不。
3)connection 表⽰“连接,关系”。
connections亲戚。
in connection with与……有关。
4)behave 表⽰“举⽌,举动,⾏为表现”。
behave oneself表现良好,⾏为良好。
behave as起……作⽤,表现为……。
5)worthwhile 表⽰“值得做的,值得出⼒的”。
句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth“⼲……是值得的”。
6)observe 表⽰“观察,注意”,可接省略to的不定式的复合结构,当observe⽤被动语态时,其后的不定式应回复to。
observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。
后接that从句,表⽰“注意到,说”。
observe还可以表⽰“遵守,庆祝”。
7)respect 作动词,后直接跟宾语。
respect oneself⾃重,⾃尊。
作名词,表⽰“尊重,尊敬”。
高二年级必修四英语知识点总结
高二年级必修四英语知识点总结【导语】高二变化的大背景,便是文理分科(或七选三)。
在对各个学科都有了初步了解后,学生们需要对自己未来的发展科目有所挑选、有所侧重。
这可谓是学生们第一次完全自己掌控、风险未知的主动挑选。
作者高二频道为你整理了《高二年级必修四英语知识点总结》,助你金榜题名!1.高二年级必修四英语知识点总结what a heavy rain为何用arain在此作为可数名词使用,用不定冠词a修饰,译为“一场雨”。
what a heavy rain整句话的意思为“好大的一场雨。
”1、a的用法①表示数量“一”,但并不强调数目,只表示名词为不特定者。
例如:a pen 一支钢笔;a handsome man一位英俊的男士。
②笼统的指某人或某物,但不具体说明。
例如:There is acar in the yard.院子里有一辆汽车。
③泛指某一类人或事物。
例如:A dog is a lovely animal.狗是一种可爱的动物。
④表示首次提到的人或事物(常用于介绍用语中)。
例如:This is a map.这是一张地图。
⑤表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。
例如:There is an elephant in the zoo.动物园里有一头大象。
⑥用于抽象名词前,使抽象名词具体化,表示“一次、一种、一场”等。
例如:It's a pleasure to cooperate with you.和你合作很愉快。
⑦用于某些固定搭配中。
例如:have a look 看一看;take a walk 漫步;have a nice day 过得开心。
2、a和an的用法区分:a用在读音以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。
注意:这里说的是元音音素不是元音字母。
例如:a watch一块手表。
an用在读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。
an apple一个苹果。
注意:以元音字母开头的单词,其读音并不都是以元音音素开头;以辅音字母开头的单词,其读音也并不都是以辅音音素开头。
高二英语必修四复习知识点
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高二英语必修四知识点总结
高二英语必修四知识点总结对于英语的学习,我们要掌握一个正确的方法。
下面小编收集整理的高二英语必修四知识点总结以供大家学习。
高二英语必修四知识点总结(一)1. amuse「课文原句」Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while. (P33)「名师点拨」amuse vt. 意为“使高兴;使开心”,和please(取悦于;让……高兴)是近义词。
amuse oneself意为“自娱自乐;消遣”。
amuse的名词形式是amusement.如:I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves. I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I was on the train. They are more than amusement parks with rides,such as a Ferris wheel,merry-go-round or a roller coaster. (P33)Carl came last in the race,much to my amusement.「知识拓展」amused adj. 意为“逗乐的;觉得好笑的”,常用be amused (at / by sth),指“觉得有趣;好笑;以……为乐”。
如:She was very amused by / at your comments. Amused by the flying kites,the child stopped crying.2. various「课文原句」Though parks share this basic purpose,they find various ways to meet this need. (P33)「名师点拨」various adj. 意为“不同的;各种各样的”,相当于different kinds of,后接复数名词。
高二英语必修四总知识点概括
高二英语必修四总知识点概括高二一年,强人将浮出水面,鸟人将沉入海底。
高二重点解决三个问题:一,吃透课本;二,找寻适合自己的学习方法;三,总结自己考试技巧,形成习惯。
以下是我给大家整理的高二英语必修四总学问点概括,盼望能协助到你!高二英语必修四总学问点概括1Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Well-known for their expertise, his parents’company …..Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.过去分词作状语:过去分词作状语时,说明动作发生的背景或状况,其等同于一个状语从句。
vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系,表示被动和完成,vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .1 作缘由状语,等于as / since / because 引导从句Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying .= ( As we are moved by what she said …2 作时间状语,等于when 引导时间从句,假如分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生,可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…3 作条件状语等于if / whether 引导从句Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …4 作方式或伴随状语The actress came in , followed by her fans .She sat by the window , lost in thought .5 作让步状语Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….6 独立主格构造:当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时,分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种构造称为独立主格构造。
高二英语必修四知识点高二英语知识点总结
高二英语必修四知识点高二英语知识点总结
高二英语必修四知识点总结如下:
1. 课文阅读理解:掌握课文的主要内容和细节,理解作者的观点和意图,能够运用所
学知识分析和评价课文。
2. 词汇与短语:积累并掌握课文中的重点词汇和短语,能够正确运用它们进行写作和
口语表达。
3. 句子结构和语法:掌握课文中的句子结构和语法知识,包括各种句型的使用和变换,能够正确地使用句子结构和语法进行写作和口语表达。
4. 阅读技巧:学习阅读技巧,包括主旨理解、细节理解、推理判断等,培养阅读的灵
活性和逻辑思维能力。
5. 写作技巧:学习写作的基本技巧,包括写作结构、段落组织、语言表达、修辞手法等,能够运用所学知识进行写作训练。
6. 口语表达:培养口语表达的流畅性和准确性,学习口语交流的技巧,包括语音语调、语法运用、词汇选择等。
7. 高频考点:掌握常见的高频考点,包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、间接引语、条件句、定语从句等,能够熟练运用这些知识解决相关题目。
8. 高级语法:学习高级语法知识,包括倒装句、强调句、非谓语动词、状语从句等,
能够理解和运用这些知识进行语言表达。
9. 难点知识点:针对学生难以理解和掌握的知识点进行重点讲解和训练,帮助学生克服困难,提高成绩。
10. 阅读时态:理解和运用课文中的各种时态,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时等,能够根据上下文选择合适的时态进行阅读。
以上是高二英语必修四的知识点总结,希望对你有所帮助。
高二英语必修四知识点
高二英语必修四知识点高二英语必修四是高中英语课程的一部分,主要涵盖了语法、词汇、阅读理解等知识点。
本文将介绍高二英语必修四中的主要知识点,并通过例句加以说明。
1. 时态和语态高二英语必修四中涉及到的时态主要有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
而语态主要包括主动语态和被动语态。
时态和语态的正确运用在英语语法中非常重要。
例句:- I go to school every day.(一般现在时)- She studied English last night.(一般过去时)- They will travel to China next month.(一般将来时)- The book was written by Mark Twain.(被动语态)2. 从句从句是高二英语必修四课程中的重点内容,常见的从句包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
它们在复合句中起到连接各个分句的作用。
例句:- I believe that he will pass the exam.(名词性从句)- The girl who is sitting over there is my sister.(定语从句)- He was singing while he was cooking.(状语从句)3. 动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高二英语必修四中的核心知识点。
正确的时态和语态的运用可以有效地表达出动作发生的时间和方式。
例句:- She is working in a company now.(现在进行时)- The letter has been sent by him.(现在完成时的被动语态)- He had finished his homework before I arrived.(过去完成时)4. 词汇运用高二英语必修四课程涉及到丰富的词汇,并要求学生能够准确运用这些词汇进行写作和口语表达。
通过积累词汇量,可以更好地理解和运用英语。
高二年级英语必修四知识点全新总结
高二年级英语必修四知识点全新总结高二年级英语必修四知识点总结1【重点词汇、短语】1. human beings 人类2. campaign 运动,战役3. behave 行为4. shade 阴凉处5. move off 离开,启程6. observe 观察7. respect 尊重8. argue 讨论,辩论9. lead a...life 过着…的生活10. crowd in 涌入脑海11. support 支持12. look down upon/on 看不起13. refer to 查阅,参考,涉及14. by chance 碰巧15. come across 偶遇16. intend 计划,打算17. deliver 提送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演说)18. carry on 继续,坚持【重点句型】1. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of theirbody language helped her work out their social system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的,而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。
△ work out 解决、解答、计算出;产生结果、发展;锻炼;作出、制订出2. She is leading a busy life but she says …她过着忙碌的生活,但是她说……△ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。
△ look do wn upon / on 蔑视;轻视;瞧不起You mustn’t look down upon/ on the disabled.你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。
高二英语必修四知识点梳理.doc
高二英语必修四知识点梳理高二英语必修四知识点梳理必修四第1单元重点词汇1.achieve 获得;实现;达到预期的目的achieve an aim / goal达到目标achieve success 获得成功辨析:achieve,reach,gainachieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能,耐性和努力。
reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。
gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。
*He hopes to achieve all his aims soon*You can achieve your ambition if you work hard.*If you do one thing each day, you will reach your goal.*But the determination to reach this goal carried me and my partners through the difficult times.*This should help you gain trust.*We can gain some insight from that.achievement n.[c]成就,功绩*He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.*Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.2.condition表示“条件”,condition为单数时,表示人/物所处的“状态”;conditions(复数)指一般情况,环境。
*I starve for your help in such a condition.*You worry about her condition.*I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.*We should make decisions in accordance with specific conditions. 与condition相关的词组:in good/poor condition 状况好/不好out of condition 状况不好on condition that 在……条件下,假使on no condition 决不3.connection 连接,关系in connection with 与……有关* Police said later tha t they’d arrested one person in connection with the shootings.4.behave 举止,举动,行为表现behave oneself 表现良好,行为良好* Honesty is the foundation to behave oneself and start one’s career. behave as 起……作用,表现为……* Others are finding that black holes might not behave as we thought.5.worthwhile 值得做的,值得出力的It is worthwhile doing/to do sth*It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.*It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again.辨析:Worth、worthy、worthwhile(1)worth 通常只用作表语,不用于名词前作定语;worthy 和worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。
高二英语必修四知识点归纳
高二英语必修四知识点归纳高二英语必修四是学生在高中阶段所学习的英语教材之一,本文将对该教材的主要知识点进行归纳和总结,以帮助学生更好地掌握和应用这些知识。
1. Unit 1 Global warming 全球变暖- Vocabulary: climate change, greenhouse effect, emissions, fossil fuels, sustainable, etc.- Grammar: present simple and continuous, present perfect, comparative and superlative forms, etc.- Reading: understanding main ideas, supporting details, inference, etc.2. Unit 2 Robots 机器人- Vocabulary: artificial intelligence, automation, humanoid, programmed, sensors, etc.- Grammar: passive voice, future tenses, conditional sentences, reported speech, etc.- Writing: descriptive writing, giving opinions, writing an article, etc.3. Unit 3 Computers 电脑- Vocabulary: software, hardware, internet, virus, keyboard shortcuts, etc.- Grammar: countable and uncountable nouns, determiners, relative clauses, modal verbs, etc.- Speaking: discussing advantages and disadvantages, giving presentations, expressing opinions, etc.4. Unit 4 Wildlife protection 野生动植物保护- Vocabulary: conservation, habitat, endangered species, biodiversity, poaching, etc.- Grammar: adverbial clauses, passive forms, expressing purpose and result, reported speech, etc.- Listening: understanding main ideas, note-taking, completing tables, multiple-choice questions, etc.5. Unit 5 Theme parks 主题公园- Vocabulary: attractions, facilities, entertainment, rides, tickets, queues, etc.- Grammar: phrasal verbs, adverbial phrases, expressing preferences, making suggestions, etc.- Reading: understanding opinions, skimming and scanning, matching headings, etc.6. Unit 6 Inventors and inventions 发明家和发明- Vocabulary: innovation, patent, prototype, breakthrough, genius, etc.- Grammar: reported speech, defining and non-defining relative clauses, causative verbs, etc.- Writing: writing a biography, describing inventions, expressing future possibilities, etc.7. Unit 7 Sociocultural issues 社会文化问题- Vocabulary: discrimination, inequality, diversity, cultural heritage, human rights, etc.- Grammar: conditional sentences, inversion, expressing regrets, emphasizing, etc.- Speaking: expressing agreement or disagreement, debating, discussing cultural differences, etc.8. Unit 8 Sports 运动- Vocabulary: athletics, martial arts, referee, spectators, tournament, etc.- Grammar: gerunds and infinitives, expressing intention and obligation, emphasizing, etc.- Listening: understanding conversations, filling in the blanks, multiple-choice questions, etc.9. Unit 9 Under the sea 海洋世界- Vocabulary: marine life, coral reefs, ecosystem, endangered species, pollution, etc.- Grammar: passive voice, expressing cause and effect, expressing contrast, modal verbs, etc.- Writing: writing a report, describing marine habitats, expressing concerns, etc.10. Unit 10 Cloning 克隆- Vocabulary: genetic engineering, ethical issues, cloning process, reproductive cloning, etc.- Grammar: defining and non-defining relative clauses, expressing possibility and certainty, expressing preferences, etc.- Reading: understanding opinions, matching headings, true or false statements, etc.以上是《高二英语必修四》的主要知识点归纳,通过掌握这些内容,学生将更好地应对英语学习和应用的挑战。
高二年级英语必修四复习知识点
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英语必修四知识点总结
英语必修四知识点总结1、place orders for sth. 订购in order of age 按照年龄的顺序in disorder = out of order 混乱2、arrest sb. for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人be under arrest 在逮捕中3、free of charge 免费charge sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物get sth. charged 给某物充电take charge of = be in charge of 负责take the charge of = be in the charge of 被负责4、at a flick of a switch 轻按开关switch on/off 打开/关闭switch to 调到5、not all most 几乎不not nearly 远非6、be busy doing = be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 忙于on business 出差7、throw/cast/shad light on 阐明观点8、be/get stuck in = be trapped in 被困于,陷在be stuck with 被……纠缠不清stick to the plan 坚持计划stick to doing = insist on doing = persist in doing9、be marked with 标记be caved with 雕刻10、It’s worthwhile to do/of doing = be worth doing = be worthy of being done/of to be done 值得11、limit to = restrict to 局限于12、get around/round/about 到处走动;传播13、at no time 决不in no time 立刻14、be on show/exhibition/display 在展览上15、be crowded with 拥挤the crowd 人群16、the solution to ……的解决the key to ……的关键the answer to ……的答案(to为介词)17、stand in line = stand in a queue 站成一列18、carry out 执行19、keep cool = keep calm = calm down 镇定下来20、greet sb. with sth. 用某物来问候某人21、be conscious/aware of = be conscious/aware that 从句意识到……22、vary with seasons 随着季节变化vary from…to… = vary between…and…从……到……变化a variety of 大量的adj. varied 变化多端的23、on guard 警惕24、shake sb. by the hand = shake hands with sb. 握手by hand 手写的in hand 现有的,手头上at hand 在附近,马上就来25、add to 增添了add up 加起来add up to = total 总计26、starve to death 饿死了be frozen to death 冻死了27、convert A to B 从A到B的转变be converted to 转变为28、in the area/field of 在…的领域中29、attach importance to 强调重点be attached to 附着于30、There is no need to do 没必要做某事31、on the point of doing + when = be about to do + when 马上开始干某事32、get a kick of sth. 从……中得到乐趣33、be generous/mean to sb. with sth. 对某人在某物上慷慨/吝啬34、be in high spirits 兴高采烈35、be skeptical of/about 对……怀疑36、win/gain/establish a reputation 赢得/建立好的名声37、make one’s/a fortune 发财。
高二英语必修四知识点
高二英语必修四知识点高二英语必修四学问点(一)1. achievementn.[C] 成就;功绩;联想拓展achieve v.取得,实现achieve an aim/a goal到达目标achieve success 获得胜利Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个宏大的功绩。
2. behavevi.举止,行为,表现;(机器等)工作,运转(常与well/badly等副词连用)vt.守规则;举止有礼常用构造:behave oneself 使某人自己举止规则Behave yourself; dont make a fool of yourself.留意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。
How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何?3. worthwhileadj.值得做的;值得的,可用作表语或定语,其后可加to do/doing。
易混辨析:worth/worthy/worthwhileworth 只能作表语,其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动形式: be worth doing。
worthy可作表语,后接of+名词/动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of+n./being done / to be done; 也可作定语,表示值得的;有价值的。
worthwhile 可作表语或定语; a worthwhile job 一份值得做的工作。
常用构造:it is worthwhile to do/doing 做某事是值得的。
a worthy winner 名副其实的赢家Buying the car at this price is not worthwhile.以这样的价格买车不值得。
Is it worthwhile making/ to make such an effort?做这样的努力值得吗?4. respectvt.敬重;敬重n.敬意;问候常用构造:pay/give ones respect to sb. 向某人致敬/问候have/show respect for sb. 敬重某人respecting = with respect to关于;就而言in all respects = in every respect 无论从哪方面来看;在各方面We all should respect our parents and teachers.我们都应当敬重我们的父母和教师。
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高二英语必修四知识点总结目录Unit 1 Women of achievement 知识点总结 (2)Unit2 Working the land 知识点总结 (7)Unit3 A taste of English humor 知识点总结 (11)Unit4 Body language 知识点总结 (14)Unit 5 Theme parks 知识点总结 (15)Unit 1 Women of achievement 知识点总结【重点词汇、短语】1. human beings 人类2. campaign 运动,战役3. behave 行为4. shade 阴凉处5. move off 离开,启程6. observe 观察7. respect 尊重8. argue 讨论,辩论9. lead a...life 过着…的生活10. crowd in 涌入脑海11. support 支持12. look down upon/on 看不起13. refer to 查阅,参考,涉及14. by chance 碰巧15. come across 偶遇16. intend 计划,打算17. deliver 提送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演说)18. carry on 继续,坚持【重点句型】1. She also discovered how chimps communicatewith each other and her study of their body language helped her work out theirsocial system.她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的,而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。
△ work out 解决、解答、计算出;产生结果、发展;锻炼;作出、制订出2. She is leading a busy life but she says …她过着忙碌的生活,但是她说……△ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活3. Many people look down upon poor people.很多人瞧不起穷人。
△ look downupon / on 蔑视;轻视;瞧不起4. If the word group refers to differentmembers, use a plural verb.如果group(作主语)指的是各个成员,谓语动词用复数。
△ refer to 指的是:提及;谈到;提到;查阅、参考5. By chance I came across an article about adoctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a s pecialist in women’s diseases.很偶然地,我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章,她是一名妇科专家。
△ by chance=by accident 偶然地,意外地6. Why not study at medical college like LinQiaozhi and carry on her good work?为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院,继续她的伟大事业呢?△ carry on 继续;坚持【语法总结——主谓一致】一. 语法一致原则即在语法形式上取得一致,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
2. 由连接词and 或both … and 连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
3. “名词+as well as, rather than, like, but, expect, besides, with, togetherwith, along with, including, in addition to+ 名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。
4. “more than one 或many a + 单数名词”作主语时,尽管其意义为复数,但谓语动词还是用单数形式。
5. 不定代词either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every 与thing, body, one 构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
7. “a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“large amounts of +不可数名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
8. 在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
9. 由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时,如:glasses,spectacles,shoes,boots,trousers/pants,compasses,chopsticks,scissors,socks 等,谓语动词通常用复数,但这类词如用 a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
10. 由“kind/form/type/sort/species /series +of + 名词” 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
二. 意义一致原则即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。
当主语形式为单数,但意义为复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式;但主语形式为复数,而意义却为单数时,谓语动词用单数形式。
1. 有些名词如people, cattle,police,trousers 等没有单数形式,作主语时,谓语动词只能用复数。
2. 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时,应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式,这类名词常见的有sheep,deer,fish,means,species,Chinese,Japanese,series 等。
3. 有些集合名词,如public,family, enemy, audience,government,group,committee,team,media,staff,crew 等作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其包含的意义而定。
如果该名词表示一个整体,其谓语动词用单数形式;但如果这些集体名词表示集体中的若干个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4. “the + 形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;如“the + 形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时,谓语动词用单数形式。
5. 有些以s 结尾表示学科名称的词,如physics,mathematics,economics, politics 等,以及用作书名、地名、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
6. 表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时,如作为一个整体来看待的话,谓语动词通常用单数。
7. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the numberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
8. such 作主语时要根据其所指的内容决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
三. 就近一致原则即谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。
1. 在there be 结构、here 以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首引起的倒装句中,谓语动词的人称和数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
2. 当either…or…;neither…nor…;not only…butalso…;not…but…;or;nor 等并列连词连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与邻近的主语保持一致。
Unit2 Working the land 知识点总结【重点词汇、短语】1. struggle 斗争2. expand 使变大,伸展3. thanks to 幸亏,由于4. rid 摆脱5. rid…of 摆脱,除去6. be satisfied with 对…感到满意7. would rather 宁愿8. therefore 因此9. export 出口10. regret 后悔,遗憾11. build up 逐渐增加,建立,开发12. lead to 导致13. focus on 集中与14. reduce 减少15. keep...free from/of 使…免受影响16. comment 评论,议论【重点句型】1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, whatdid you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to trygrowing?你种过植物吗?如果种过的话,你是怎么种植的?如果没有种过的话,你想要尝试种植什么植物?△ If so 为省略句式,意为“如果是这样的话”,if 用作连词,so 用来代替上文的内容,以避免重复。
If not 意为“如果不是这样的话,否则,要不然”,意义与If so 相反。
2. In 1974, he became the first agriculturalpioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1974年,他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
△不定式放在表示次序的词如the first, the last 以及the only, the very,the right, the best等词后面作定语,且与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
3. Using his hybrid rice, framers are producingharvest twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻,农民种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
△“…times as+形容词/副词的原级+as”为常见的倍数表达法,意为“是……的几倍”。
【重点动名词】一. 动名词的四种形式及其意义①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)二. 动名词的语法功能动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。