First Results from the COLA Project- the Radio-FIR Correlation and Compact Radio Cores in S
Coca-Cola
I think in a short period Pepsi and any other company can not surpass Coca-cola.Coca-Cola is the world's largest soft drink production company,It is also the world's most inclusive brand and company.Another very important part of the Coca-Cola Company marketing is what really represents them: their exclusive logo.First of all, something that really catches the attention is the bright red color that fills the logo.The color red has very high visibility, which is why stop signs, stoplights, and fire equipment are usually painted red.It's also used as an accent color to stimulate people to make quick decisions, so we can say that the insertion of such color in the making of this logo was something very important that proved to be crucial in their advertising.Red also refers to power, and having it all over the logo suggests that Coca-Cola reigns over all other drinks.Coca-Cola also has very impressive advertising strategies.Their advertising has had a significant impact on American culture, and is frequently credited with the "invention" of the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in red-and-white garments, who of course is drinking Coca-Cola in the ads.They have also many advertisements showing polar bears playing and sliding on the snow, wanting to project that this is a very refreshing, ice-cold beverage that can satisfy anyone's thirst.Coca-Cola, as well as many other companies, is very good using testimonial propaganda.Many of the early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured movie stars, sports heroes, and popular singers of the day.For example, Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 till the time of her death.She filmed three commercials for the company and in 1994 Coca-Cola issued special Selena coke bottles to commemorate her 5 years with the company.Something else that usually brings very good results in advertising is battles between companies, in this case, Coca-Cola and Pepsi.They have run ads to combat each other, provoking incidents sometimes referred to as cola wars, and this have the same effect of a regular fight: attention, and at the end of such battles, the winner gets the “prize”: more consumers.Finally, Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history, including "The pause that refreshes," "I'd like to buy the world a Coke," and "Coke is it," and they will keep advertising in this and many other ways, with their biggest purpose being to stay on the top.Finally, a reason this company keeps expanding around the world because their marketing.Coca-Cola have want it to reduce its dependence on United States due to strong competition with Pepsi, so they have concentrated the majority of their marketing efforts internationally, being very successful.Aggressive advertising, branding and market segmentation haveplayed an important part in the success.It has portrayed itself as a fun, playfulness, freedom lifestyle.At the moment ,m ore and more competitors get stronger that people can hav e more options to choose. Such as Pepsi which has extremely rich experience and diversity in packaging design, Pepsi even launches mini cans to appeal to women，while Coca-Cola lack of efforts in this aspect. A nd the controlling of carbon emissions i n the production processbecome a big problem for Coca-Coca.These two sides are t he greatest risks of Coca-Coca. REFERENCEING:/refreshing-excellence-view.asp?id=167075。
(人教版)选择性必修第二册：UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS(含解析)
选择性必修其次册UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Ⅰ.阅读理解Jose Hernandez made his dream of becoming an astronaut a reality and he did so despite unbelievable difficulties.“I was working in a field near Stockton，and I heard on my radio that Franklin Chang-Diaz had been selected for the Astronaut Corps，”said Jose，who was a senior in high school at the time.“I was already interested in science and engineering，”Jose remembered.“But that was the moment I said，‘I want to fly in space.’”As one of four children in a migrant(移民)farming family from Mexico，Jose—who didn’t learn English until he was 12 years old—spent much of his childhood traveling with his family from Mexico to southern California each March，then working northward to the Stockton area by November，picking strawberries and cucumbers at farms along the route.They would then return to Mexico for Christmas and start the cycle all over again in the spring.“Some kids might think it would be fun to travel like that，”Jose laughed.“But we had to work.”After graduating from high school，Jose was admitted into the University of the Pacific.In 1987，he accepted a full-time job with Lawrence National Laboratory.In 2001，Jose joined the Johnson Space Centre，where he came face-to-face with Franklin Chang-Diaz.“We actually had common experiences—a similar upbringing，the same language issues.That built up my confidence.Any barriers that existed，he had already overcome them，”Jose smiled.“Now it’s my turn！”“NASA rejected me not once，not twice，not three times but 11 times.It wasn’t until the 12th time that I got selected，”he said.Jose was selected as part of the 19th class of astronauts in 2004.He circled the globe 217 times but remains a down to Earth guy. Jose Hernandez received the 2016 National Hispanic Hero Award and he continueshis long history in the field of engineering and space.1.What made Jose determined to be an astronaut?A.The influence of Astronaut Corps.B.The success of Franklin Chang-Diaz.C.His interest in science and engineering.D.The experience of working in the field.2.What can we learn about Jose as a child?A.He did much farm work.B.He traveled a lot for fun.C.He hated learning English.D.He obeyed his family in everything.3.How did Jose feel when he met Franklin Chang-Diaz personally?A.Inspired.B.Valued.C.Relaxed.D.Puzzled.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Climb over BarriersB.Reach for the StarsC.Work the Hard WayD.Learn from Your PastPeople who regularly sleep for six hours or less each night in middle age are more likely to develop dementia (痴呆) than those who routinely manage seven hours，according to a major study into the disease.Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s，60s and 70s consistently had a short night’s sleep，regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and poor mental health.Sabia，an author of the study at the University of Paris and her colleagues analyzed survey data from University College London’s Whitehall study，which launched in 1985 and followed the health and lifestyles of more than 10，000 Britishvolunteers.The French team focused on nearly 8，000 participants who self-reported their sleep patterns.During 25 years of follow-up，521 participants developed dementia，with most diagnosed in their late 70s.Writing in Nature Communications，the scientists described how those who routinely got six hours of sleep or less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% more likely to develop dementia than those who typically managed seven hours.The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia，since sleep loss itself may be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease.But some scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease.The first pathological changes that lead to dementia occur one to two decades before the disease becomes obvious，as sticky proteins called amyloid build up in the brain.When the 1985 Whitehall study first assessed the sleep of volunteers who later developed dementia，this process had probably not started.This meant that if they were sleeping too little，it was unlikely to have been caused by dementia-related brain changes.“It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in later life，”said Dr.Liz Coulthard，a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology.“It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep，avoiding too much alcohol or caffeine，particularly before bed，and finding a bedtime routine that works for you.”5.What risk factor for dementia does the passage focus on?A.Sleep loss.B.Age.C.Poor mental health.D.Heart condition.6.How did French scientists get the research findings?A.By making a comparison.B.By monitoring sleep patterns.C.By interviewing British volunteers.D.By analyzing previous survey data.7.In what tone do the scientists talk about the research?A.Casual.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Cautious.8.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A.To give examples.B.To collect proofs.C.To offer suggestions.D.To present arguments.Ⅱ.完形填空It was just a typical morning of an ordinary workday.I was at the __1__，on my way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow.But something began to __2__ inside me as I watched the people around me—headphones hanging from their ears，__3__ cast down，unsmiling faces.They looked unhappy.And I realized that I was one of them.Suddenly，I could no longer __4__ with my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home.Over the years，I had grown more __5__due to the pressure of finishing my Ph.D.Those who could have been partners became competitors I disliked and the effect of this competition was exactly the __6__ of what I had hoped for.I began to feel lonely and __7__.I became less and less productive in my scientific work.I __8__ my breaking point that day at the bus stop.I had to end this.I emailed my professors，explaining that I had put the __9__ first and myself second for too long.Shortly after I got back home，I started to receive some emails from my workmates—I guessed they expected me to join them again soon.After a few __10__ asking how I was，in the emails many expressed their stress of academic life.Vulnerable researchers were __11__ their heads out of their shells (壳)，seeking help.It occurred to me that we all __12__ sometimes，and our vulnerability (脆弱) seemed so much alike that I __13__ myself from all that had bothered me for days.Actually it can be a __14__ game，instead of one where one side gains while the other side loses.Working withothers and asking for help doesn’t make my contributions __15__：it means we can all succeed.1.A.cafe shop B.bookstoreC.supermarketD.bus stop2.A.awaken B.tackleC.settleD.disappear3.A.nose B.eyesC.neckD.arms4.A.go B.continuebineD.exchange5.A.mature B.academicpetitiveD.positive6.A.output B.alternativeC.caseD.opposite7.A.inspired B.lostC.pureD.guilty8.A.spotted B.markedC.hitD.set9.A.evaluation B.adaptationprehensionD.occupation10.A.jokes B.linesC.callsD.accounts11.A.sticking B.standingC.bringingD.figuring12.A.choke B.urgeC.sufferD.hesitate13.A.discouraged B.bannedC.freedD.prevented14.A.brand-new B.non-controversialC.so-calledD.win-win15.A.unimportant B.improperC.irregularD.illogicalⅢ.语法填空(2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)Doctors in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have followed the meal-time habits of more than 500 people for six years，1.____________(find) weight change is most affected by the size and 2.____________(frequent) of meals rather than the interval (间隔) from first to last meal.It challenges the popular trend of intermittent fasting (禁食) 3.____________ a useful weight loss strategy. Intermittent fasting，also referred to as time-restricted feeding，is a dietary strategy where all meals 4.____________(consume) during a short window of time each day.These windows can extend from 6 to 10 hours，resulting in a person essentially fasting for up to 18 hours each day.The idea reveals 5.____________ is no link between the time of a person’s eating window each day and weight changes.“Based on other studies that have come out，including 6.____________(we)，we are starting to think timing of meals most likely doesn’t produce 7.____________ instant impact on weight loss，”said doctor Bennett.“What does matter，however，is the total number of medium and large meals a person eats over the day.” It suggests simply eating smaller meals，less frequently，is 8.____________ ultimately leads to weight loss.All of this doesn’t mean intermittent fasting strategies won’t help.But what does seem increasingly clear is that the weight loss benefits occasionally 9.____________(see) with these eating strategies may be primarily driven by a reduced caloric intake.It doesn’t mean you can simply eat all you want in a short window each day and still expect 10.____________(lose) weight.选择性必修其次册UNIT 1Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。
可口可乐中文商标由来
BackgroundThe Origin of “Delicious Happiness”The Joyful History of the Coca-Cola Trademark in Chinese Coca-Cola was first launched in China in 1927. To ensure the new product would be easily identifiable, it was obvious to The Coca-Cola Company that a version of its famous trademark was needed in a Chinese written language, to connect with the estimated 500 million Chinese consumers at the time.Even before the first taste of Coca-Cola was enjoyed in China, officials of the Company already were working on a Chinese rendition of the trademark. The task was daunting, since no Chinese translation of the name “Coca-Cola” existed. Instead, the Coca-Cola trademark in English had to be transliterated – somehow represented or spelled in the characters of a completely different alphabet.Company employees in China decided to focus on the sound of “Coca-Cola” and work toward a solution from there.Finding the nearest phonetic equivalent to “Coca-Cola" required a separate Chinese character for each of the four syllables. Of the roughly 40,000 Chinese characters at that time, there were only about 200 that were pronounced with sounds the Company needed, and many of these were not useful because of their meanings.While conducting research of China’s official Mandarin language for four suitable characters to verbally match the four syllables of Coca-Cola, Company representatives discovered that a number of local shopkeepers – preparing to stock their shelves with the renowned new product from the West – likewise had been frantically looking for Chinese equivalents to the name Coca-Cola, with curious results. Some makeshift store signs adopted any group of Chinese characters that sounded remotely like "Coca-Cola," without much consideration for the meaning of the symbols used to achieve the desired auditory effect.For example, to articulate the final “la” syllable of Coca-Cola, the character meaning “wax” in Chinese was sometimes used. One homemade store sign sounded generally like “Coca-Cola” when pronounced, but the characters literally meant “bite the wax tadpole.” Anyone who knew Chinese would recognize such signs as a rudimentary attempt to make up an arbitrary phonetic combination for Coca-Cola, but already the drink was lifting spirits in a manner not originally contemplated.Although The Coca-Cola Company was primarily concerned with the phonetic equivalent of Coca-Cola when spoken in Mandarin, its employees also sought relevance in the meaning of the Chinese characters, individually and collectively.The closest Mandarin parallel to the spoken “Coca-Cola” that could be found was the combination of four characters that are enunciated "ke kou ke le" by the Chinese people. There actually was no suitable character for saying “la” in Chinese, so a compromise was reached with “le,” which is more or less pronounced “ler.”Most Chinese characters have more than one meaning. Depending on the context, the four characters that were joined to voice "ke kou ke le" commonly broke down into any of the following individual interpretations:可(“ke”) – to permit, be able, may, can口(“kou”) – mouth, hole, pass, harbor可(“ke”) – to permit, be able, may, can乐(“le”) – joy, to rejoice, to laugh, to be happyWhether it was a stroke of luck or a flash of genius, when “mouth” made the translation list and it was realized that “le” could mean “to be happy,” Company staff believed they also had descriptors that somewhat fit the desired appeal of their sparkling beverage product. They began playing with translations of the individual characters and selectively interpreted one combination for the Chinese Coca-Cola logo as “to permit mouth to be able to rejoice,” expressing the pleasure that comes from drinking Coke. And so the first trademark registered for Coca-Cola in Chinese was born.What happened next transcended any remaining language barriers.It probably should have come as no surprise that local residents in China automatically had their own interpretation of the new trademark – vaguely similar to “permit mouth to be able to rejoice,” but, in hindsight, even more appropriate to the nature of the Coca-Cola beverage.To the Chinese citizenry, it was almost too obvious that putting together the first two Chinese characters in the logo could form a word meaning “delicious” and that the second pair of characters could be construed as “makes you happy,” or “happiness.” Within a short time, the new trademark for Coca-Cola throughout China was ubiquitously summed up in two divine words: “delicious happiness.”The fortuitous connotation of delicious taste and emotional happiness from the name Coca-Cola in written Chinese could hardly be surpassed. The pronunciation, the visual logo and the physical and emotional benefits associated with the soft drink took on legendary proportion in the annals of modern Chinese transliteration.Recounting part of the remarkable turn of events, N.F. Allman, a former legal counsel for Coca-Cola in China, wrote in 1957: “Not once in 10 million times could a company literally pronounce their trademark in English and have the sounds mean something desirable in the Chinese language.”Sales of Coca-Cola in mainland China ceased in autumn 1949 – when the People’s Republic of China was founded – and restarted in January 1979. During that nearly 30-year absence, the written language on the Chinese mainland underwent significant transformation. Notably, a national movement to “simplified Chinese characters” was initiated in the 1950s, a development that mostly streamlined the look of the last character (pronounced “le”) in the Chinese trademark for Coca-Cola.Coupled with the new national usage standards has been a switch to reading Chinese characters from left to right, instead of the traditional right to left or even top to bottom. Meanwhile, a remodeling of the phonetic system has affected English spelling for the pronunciation of Chinese characters, but not how the characters are actually vocalized.In early 2003, the graphic appearance of Coca-Cola packaging in China was updated to a refreshing modernity. The visual identity that was unveiled featured a bold adaptation of the iconic English Spencerian script associated elsewhere around the world with the Coca-Cola trademark. The new Spencerian-style typeface in Chinese – created by internationally acclaimed Hong Kong designer Alan Chan – accentuated the lucidity of the logo and integrated well with its counterpart English script, to convey a contemporary look. Even though the Chinese characters are completely different from the English lettering for Coca-Cola, both versions of the trademark today have a very similar and familiar appearance.And despite all the recent changes, the meaning of “Delicious Happiness” has not been lost in translation.# # #。
专题05 阅读理解D篇(2024年新课标I卷) (专家评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式) 原卷版
《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》专题05阅读理解D篇（新课标I卷）原卷版(专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式)目录一、原题呈现P2二、答案解析P3三、专家评价P3四、全文翻译P3五、词汇变式P4(一)考纲词汇词形转换P4(二)考纲词汇识词知意P4(三)高频短语积少成多P5(四)阅读理解单句填空变式P5(五)长难句分析P6六、三年真题P7(一)2023年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P7(二)2022年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P8(三)2021年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P9七、满分策略（阅读理解说明文）P10八、阅读理解变式P12 变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展6篇P12变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）6篇P20一原题呈现阅读理解D篇关键词: 说明文;人与社会;社会科学研究方法研究;生物多样性; 科学探究精神;科学素养In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observation s of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not w ell-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Daru’s study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile applications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to check the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.二答案解析三专家评价考查关键能力，促进思维品质发展2024年高考英语全国卷继续加强内容和形式创新，优化试题设问角度和方式，增强试题的开放性和灵活性，引导学生进行独立思考和判断，培养逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力和创新思维能力。
英语人教2019版选择性必修二Unit 1 词汇测试题
5. 他赞成霍乱是由水或食物中的细菌感染而引起的这个学说。 He ____ ____ the theory that cholera was caused by an ____ from ____ in
food or water. 6. 在他的领导下，我们成功地发射了第一枚导弹。
4. blamed/blames, for
5. subscribed, to, infection, germs
6. Under, leadership, successfully,missile
7. Besides, brilliant, faults
8. outstanding, astronomers, telescopes
3. 同意某人的观点 6. 在地上投下阴影 9. 思维观念 12. 坚实的框架 15.保卫祖国 18. 生动的描述
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.This virus ______(infection) thousands of computers within days. 2.The police arrested them as _____(suspect) . 3.Television stations around the world ____(link) by satellites. 4.This _____(transform) is going to make some people uneasy . 5. He was asked the same question so many times that the answer
than can drive a car. 14.We are determined ____(defend) our motherland at all costs. 三、完成句子。 1. 我们决定彻底地解决这个问题。
英文营销案例
英文营销案例Marketing Case Study。
In today's competitive business environment, effective marketing strategies are crucial for the success of any company. In this case study, we will examine three successful English marketing campaigns and analyze the key factors that contributed to their success.The first case study is the "Share a Coke" campaign launched by Coca-Cola. This innovative campaign involved replacing the Coca-Cola logo on bottles with popular names and encouraging consumers to share a Coke with friends and family. The campaign was a huge success, as it not only increased sales but also generated significant buzz on social media. The key to the success of this campaign was its personalization and the emotional connection it created with consumers. By associating the brand with the act of sharing and personalization, Coca-Cola was able to create a strong bond with its customers.The second case study is the "Dove Real Beauty Sketches" campaign. Dove, a personal care brand, created a powerful marketing campaign that challenged the conventional standards of beauty. The campaign featured a forensic artist who drew sketches of women based on their own descriptions and then based on the descriptions of others. The results revealed that women were often overly critical of their own appearance. This emotional and thought-provoking campaign not only went viral but also sparked important conversations about self-esteem and body image. The key to the success of this campaign was its ability to resonate with the target audience on a deep emotional level, leading to increased brand loyalty and positive brand perception.The third case study is the "Old Spice Man" campaign. Old Spice, a men's grooming brand, rebranded itself with a series of humorous and over-the-top commercials featuring the "Old Spice Man." These commercials quickly became viral sensations and helped the brand appeal to a younger audience. The key to the success of this campaign was its ability to create a memorable and entertaining brand image that resonated with the targetdemographic. By using humor and creativity, Old Spice was able to differentiate itself from competitors and increase brand awareness.In conclusion, these case studies demonstrate the power of effective English marketing campaigns. By creating personalized, emotional, and entertaining content, these brands were able to connect with their target audience and achieve remarkable results. These successful campaigns serve as valuable examples for businesses looking to elevate their marketing strategies and stand out in today's competitive market.。
2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案版
2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —What did Mr. Black do in the middle of the night? —Well，I’m not sure, but he was often heard→ ←.A. singing the same songB. to sing the same songC. sing a same songD. to be playing same song2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There was one shop in the town of Mufulira, which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter, a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting, but when their turn came to be served, were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing, and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in.I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand, he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employer when speaking to his servants.I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English, "Even though you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you."I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out, for he was one of the old schools; however, I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore, all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did, and I well remember him saying tothe manager, "Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council, and you treat him like a common servant. "The manager of the drugstore apologized and said, "If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was, then, of course I should have given him proper service. "I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store? I want to prove that any man of any color, whatever his position, should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted. Why didn't the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African?→ ←A. Because he thought he was educated and should be treated differently.B. Because he thought, being an important person, he should not be kept waiting.C. Because he thought his white friends would help him out.D. Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination.3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher gets an incorrect answer from students, it is most appropriate for him or her to say"_____"in order to encourage them.A. No, I don't like your answers.B. Nonsense, it is not what I want!C. Your answer is far beyond the point.D. You missed the point, but I'm glad you mentioned another point.4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I’m going to study engineering in Peking University tomorrow.—→ ←.A. All the best in your studyB. All the best with your studyC. All the best in your businessD. All the best in your new job5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised. The passage suggests that mobile office is necessary, especially when→ ←.A. you need to make some urgent modifications on your workB. you need to read and reply faxes and e-mailsC. you are out of the office to attend meetingsD. you can put the mobile office into your pocket6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?_______A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote-learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —What about→ ←supper that we had in that restaurant last week?—Well,→ ←most worst one indeed.A. /; theB. /;aC. the ; theD. the; a8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "there is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of anaway-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home. " But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco,24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mostpsychologists feel lengthy home comings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents isthat→←.A. there will inevitably be inconveniences in every day lifeB. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Polyester (聚酯)is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them, A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester?_→←A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C. The public like traditional glass bottles.D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The mode of operation in passing laws in the U. S. Congress has many____but there is no attempt being made to improve it.A. optionsB. solutionsC. advantagesD. drawbacks11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Sam h as been appointed→ ←manager of the engineering department to take→ ←place of George.A. /;/B. the; /C. the; theD. /; the12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What's the overall goal of English teaching in basic education stage?→ ←A. Increase students' vocabulary and grammar of the knowledge.B. Improve the students' English learning and foreign cultural interesting.C. Cultivate the students' ability of listening and spoken English.D. Cultivate students' comprehensive capability of language.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The notice has been told everyone→ ←a party will be held in the open air tomorrow.A. whetherB. whenC. whereD. that14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The classroom teaching environment consists of classroom environment and→ ←.A. social environmentB. communication environmentC. practice environmentD. game environment15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-listening activity?______A. Writing a similar text.B. Discussing a relevant picture.C. Writing questions about the topic.D. Associating vocabulary with the topic.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoRespect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatryat the New York University, School of Medicine.” You look up to someone-much the way a child idealizes a parent.”Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you.95 Thafs why it doesnt last. "You come to see that the person you married isnt exactly what you expected.", says Francine Klagsbrun. "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things. ”You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow its better to →agree to disagree←, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.“I have one patient whose husband loves sports，especially tennis，”says Dr. Symonds.” She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, ‘We have different tastes.’ Instead, she says, How can he waste his time and money that way? She puts him down."The put-down is the chief symptom and weapon of lack of respect or contempt. "Contempt is the wors t kind of emotion.” says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth.’ We’ve all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of Its for your own good. Any "good" is→ undone ←by the hostile tone. A wife nag s her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsman- ship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend. "Why isnt she doing something productive?"In good marriage partners nurture each others self-esteem. They may express humorous incomprehension of one anothers preferences, but they never make the other person feel like an idiot. "Martyrs idea of a vacation is to go down to the basement on a sunny day and spend time woodworking, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symond.But theres fondness in the gibes and firm support for the others right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like. ul dont want to go to the concert, but you have a great And occasionally, "Sure, III come with you. Just dont him angry if I fall asleep. " Respect, then is appreciation of the separateness of the other person, of the ways in which he or she is unique. These things take time to discover and accept.Thats the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is really there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honor what is unique and best in each other.The underlined word "undone" in Paragraph 7 suggests that_____.A. what you said reversed what you meantB. what you said was not what you meantC. what you said meant nothing to your partnerD. what you said failed to touch the heart of your partner17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is believed that the feeding patterns parents→ ←on their children can determine their adolescent and adult eating habits.A. compelB. imposeC. evokeD. necessitate18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?—→ ←, does it?A. It takes no timeB. It counts for nothingC. It doesn’t hurt to askD. It doesn’t make sense19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to collect, compare and analyze certain sentence patterns, he / she aims at developing students, ( ).A. discourse awarenessB. cultural awarenessC. strategic competenceD. linguistic competence20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Excuse me. Could you tell me→ ←?—Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.A. where can I buy some CDsB. where I can buy some CDsC. when can I buy some CDsD. when I can buy some CDs21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from gardenshops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference fromthe leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed If this does happen,it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. Pruning should be done to→ ←.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ionsin the air can have an ill effect on peopled physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generallythere is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharavare blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air, many people experience un- pleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earth- quakes snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee fromtheir burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling ofwell-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountainswith tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not onlydean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims andare skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore, people can only make up theirown minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat. Some scientists believe that→ ←.A. watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismographyB. the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trustedC. neither watching nor using seismographs is reliableD. earthquake is destructive23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following best describes first language acquisition?→ ←A. Care-taker talkB. Minimal pair practiceC. Selected inputD. Timely error correction24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←method of teaching writing pays great attention to the accuracy of the final product but ignores the process, which the students go through to reach the final goal.A. Form-orientedB. Product-orientedC. Content-orientedD. Process-oriented25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When he first arrived in China，he wondered what the future might have→ ←for him. But now all his worries are gone.A. in timeB. in needC. in preparationD. in store26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is reported that some scientists in the United States have found a new→ ←for Cancer.A. wayB. answerC. approachD. cure27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If you don't go to the cinema weekend,→ ←.A. nor do IB. nor will IC. so do ID. so will I28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00分)Passage OneDonnas’ fourth grade classroom looked typically traditional. Yet something seemed different that day when I entered it for the first time. My job was to make classroom visits and encourage implementing a training program focusing on language arts, ideas that would empower students to feel good about them and take charge of their lives. Donna was one of the volunteer teachers in this project.I sat in the back and watched. All the students were working on the task, filling their notebook paper with thoughts and ideas. A student next to me was filling her page with "I can’t kick the soccer ball." I can’t do long division with more than three numerals." He r page was half full and she showed no signs of letting up. I walked down the row glancing at students papers. Everyone was writing down things they couldnt do.By this time the activity engaged my curiosity. I decided to check with the teacher to see what was going on but I noticed she too was busy writing "I cant get Johns mother to come for a teacher conference." "I cant get my daughter to put gas in the car," "I cant..."Curious and puzzled about what they were doing, I returned to my seat and continued my observations.Students wrote for another ten minutes. They were then instructed to fold the papers in half and bring them to the front. They placed their "I Can’t”statements into all empty shoe boxes. Then Donna added hers. She put the lid on the box, tucked it under her arm and headed out the door and down the hail.Students followed her. I followed the students. Half way down the hall way, Donna entered the custodians room, came out with a shovel, and marched the students out to the farthest comer of the playground. There they began to dig. They were going to bury their "I Cant’s"The digging took over then minutes with dirt. Students stood around the freshly dug grave. At this point Donna announced, "Boys and girls, please join hands and bow your heads." They quickly formed a circle around the grave.They lowered their heads and waited. Donna delivered the eulogy. "Friends, we gathered here today to honor the memory of I Cant. While he was with us on earth, he touched the lives of everyone, some more than others. We have provided I Cant with a final resting place and a headstone that contains his epitaph. He is survived by his brothers and sisters, I Cant, I Will, and Im going to right away. They are not as well known as their famous relative and are certainly not as strong and powerful. Perhaps some day, with your help, they will make an even bigger mark on the world. May I Cant rest in peace and may everyone present pick up their lives and move forward in his absence."According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Donna was a volunteer teacher of the training program.B. The author knew what was going to happen when he / she entered the classroom.C. Donnas5 fourth grade classroom appeared to be traditional, resembling many others the author had seen in the past.D. Everyone, regardless of gender, age, and occupation, may encounter many "I can t" in life.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With thedevelopment of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phonewith data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.In the eyes of the author, mobile office→ ←.A. has some fatal shortcomingsB. is too expensive to affordC. would be realized in the futureD. has both advantages and disadvantages30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Tom’ s school was on the other side of the road, so he wastold to watch out cars when______the street.A. crossingB. crossC. crossedD. to cross31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In writing,→ ←will give students the opportunityto select from the list those useful ideas to be included in their writing and also to seehow these ideas can be put together in a coherent or logical way to present a convincing argumentA. brainstormingB. mappingC. outliningD. editing32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of consonants differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][z][3][θ]B. [t][z][?][e]C. [s][v][3][p]D. [p][d][z][S]33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You'd better go to bed. There isn't anything on TV worth→ ←up for.A. gettingB. stayingC. risingD. waiting34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers.Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights, and there my wife saw the bookshelf. It stood outside a furniture shop. "Buy it," she said at once, "we’ll carry it home on the roof- rack(车顶架). I've always wanted one like that." What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied。
英语人教版高中必修二(2019新编)-Unit 1 Science and Scientists第
第四讲单元知识回顾及优化集训重点词汇1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的2．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌3．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒4．epidemiology n．流行病学5．vaccine n．疫苗6．aerospace n．航空航天工业7．patriotic adj.爱国的8．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的9．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)10．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人11．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉12．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的13．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的14．statistic n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学15．microscope n．显微镜16．protein n．蛋白质17．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房18．virus n．病毒19．framework n．框架；结构20．cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷21．rainbow n．彩虹22．concrete n．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的23．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工24．astronomer n．天文学家25．telescope n．望远镜26．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的27．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行28．jet n．喷气式飞机29．missile n．导弹30．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹31．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的32．astronomy n．天文学33．furthermore adv.此外；再者词汇拓展1．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染2．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明link v．证明是3．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；事实根据4．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初5．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫目标导航jing一． subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 先练基础——一词多义写出下列句子中subscribe to 的汉语意思(1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.赞成；同意(2)This is the school your father subscribed to generously in the past.捐助(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday ，I have subscribed to several magazines recently.订阅subscribe to 同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)6．assistant n ．助理；助手→assist vt .帮助；协助→assistance n ．帮助；协助；援助7．gifted adj .有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n ．礼物；天赋重点词组 1．once and for all 最终地；彻底地2．subscribe to 同意；赞同 3．thanks to 幸亏；由于4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．in charge of 主管；掌管6．come down 患(病)；染上(小病)7．above all 最重要的是；尤其是重点句型 1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world ，until a British doctor ，John Snow ，showed how it could be overcome . 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2024年教师资格(初级中学)-英语知识与教学能力(高中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案版
2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。
人教新目标Unit-2-How-often-do-you-exercise
4 People usually take _________ in the morning
How often do you watch TV? Twice a week.
How often 表频率，多久一次，对every day, always, usually, sometimes, often once a week 等表示频率的副词或短语提问。
3、My friends like different weekend (activity).
4、Here(be) some students’ homework.5、She likes(surf) the Internet a lot.
II、根据句意与首字母提示完成单词。
1、Jim is n late for school.He is a good boy.2、My uncle likes the TV p on CCTV-5.
1. 高小姐，送给你一些鲜花。
2. 这是你的书。________ ________ your books. 3. 给你。Here ________ ________.
The result of意为“……的结果”,of后跟名词，result 可用单数也可用复数。
这是他们比赛的结果。Here is _____ ______ ______ their match.
3、The lazy(懒的) boy h ever helps others.
4、My brother a goes to school early, so he’s never late.5、The running star e every day.
英文科技论文写作_北京理工大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
英文科技论文写作_北京理工大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.If a real physical system shows a variation of both material properties acrossthe graded layer, the assumed linear variation may not give the bestapproximation.答案:may2.The idea of 'community' in terms of GRT lives is very strong and could beseen to correspond to some of the nostalgic constructs that non-GRT groups place on 'community'.答案:could be seen3.Is the research topic “How safe is nuclear power” effective?答案:正确4.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.c.Introductionincludes more detailed information than abstract.答案:正确5.Tertiary education may be ________ asthe period of study which is spent atuniversity.答案:defined6.Unbalanced Force ________ tothe sum total or net force exerted on an object.答案:refers7.This scatter can be attributed to the difficulties in measuring the dent depthdue to specimen processing.答案:can be attributed8.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the following sentence.Arocket traveling away from Earth ____________ a speed greater than 11.186kilometers per second (6.95 miles per second) or 40,270 kilometers per hour (25,023 mph) will eventually escape Earth’s gravity.答案:at9.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the following sentence.Inmechanical systems, power, the rate of doing work, can be computed____________ the product of force × velocity.答案:as10.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.N ewton’s first law, the law of inertia, __________ that it takes a force to change the motion of an object.答案:states11.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.Newton’s second law relates force, acceleration, and mass and it is often ___________ as the equation:f = ma答案:written12.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.Because all types of energy can be expressed ___________ the sameunits, joules, this conversion can be expressed quantitatively in simplemodels.答案:in13.Choose a proper word from the choices to complete the followingsentence.So a key difference between a rocket and a jet plane is ____________ a rocket’s engine lifts it directly upward into the sky, whereas a jet’s engin es simply speed the plane forward so its wings can generate lift.答案:that14.Which of the following are the guidelines for writing formulas and equations?答案:Numbering all equations in sequence if referred to later._Centeringequations on their own separate lines._Using equations as grammatical units in sentences._Defining the symbols that are used.15.Acceleration relates to motion. It ________ a change in motion.答案:means16.Assertiveness is ________ asa skill of being able to stand up for your own orother people's rights in a calm and positive way, without being eitheraggressive, or passively accepting 'wrong'.答案:viewed17.The force that pushes a rocket upward is ________ thrust.答案:called18.Water ________ a liquid made up of molecules of hydrogen and oxygen in theratio of 2 to 1.答案:is19.The number of private cars increased ______60% from 2015 to 2016.答案:by20.Which can be the situations for writing a researchproposal?答案:Applying for an opportunity for a project_Applying for a bachelor’s, or master’s or doctor’s degree_Applying for some research funds or grants21.Who are usually the readers of the research proposals?答案:Specialists_Professors_Supervisors for the students_Professionals22.What are the elements to make the research proposal persuasive?答案:Reasonable budget_Clear Schedule_A Capable research team_Theimportance and necessity of the research question23.What are the language features of the research proposal?答案:Future tense_First person24.The purpose of writing a proposal is to ________________ the readers that theresearch plan is feasible and we are capable to do it.答案:persuade25.What types of information are generally supposed to be included in theintroduction section in the report?答案:Background_Summary of the results and conclusion_The purpose of the research26.Please decide whether the following statement is T(true) orF(false)according to the video.Discussion section analyzesand evaluates the research methods.答案:错误27.Please decide whether the following statement is T(true) orF(false)according to the video.Conclusion and recommendation sectionstates the significance of the findings and usually includes possible directions for further research.答案:正确28.These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, ______ Europehaving as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.答案:with29.Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas gas will remainstable ______ 25q.答案:at30.Manufacturing value added amounted ______12.3% of total U.S. grossdomestic product (GDP) in 2012, according to United Nations calculations.答案:to31.Chinese manufacturing value added accounted ______ 30.6% of its economy’stotal output in 2012, according to the UN.答案:for32.Japan ranked third ______ manufacturing value added at $1.1 trillion (seeFigure 1).答案:in33.About 4.2% of the 1,120 respondents were younger than 20 years, and 26.7%were ______ 21 and 30 years old.答案:between34.______ all the respondents, 67.1% were married and 32.9% were single.答案:of35.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.b.Both introductionand abstract include research findings.答案:错误36.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.a.It is possible to findtables or diagrams in introduction.答案:正确37.What are the possible contents of an introduction?答案:Reviewing the existing literature relevant to the presentstudy_Announcing the purpose/focus of the study_Identifying a gap in the existing literature_Explaining the significance or necessity of the research38.Choose the proper answers for the following questions.Ways to organize thereferences include:答案:a. Chronological order of publications_b. Researchmethods_c. Research theories_d. Research modes39.This indicates that there is a possibility of obtaining fluid density from soundspeed measurements and suggests that it is possible to measure soundabsorption with an ultrasonic cell to determine oil viscosity.In this sentence, the writer presents答案:Implication40.The measurements were shown to lead to an accurate determination of thebubble point of the oil.In this sentence, the writer presents答案:Results and achievement41.An ultrasonic cell was constructed to measure the speed of sound and testedin a crude oil sample. The speed of sound was measured at temperaturesbetween 260 and 411 K at pressures up to 75 MPs.In this sentence, thewriter presents答案:Methodology42.The aim of this study was to investigate the use of an ultrasonic cell todetermine crude oil properties, in particular oil density.In this sentence, the writer presents答案:Research aim43. A citation gives the s____ where the information or idea is from.答案:source44.An in-text citation usually includes information about the author and thep____ year.答案:publishing##%_YZPRLFH_%##publication45.To avoid plagiarism, using citations is the best way to give c____ to theoriginal author.答案:credit46.The publication details of the references listed at the end of the paper usuallyare put in a____ order.答案:alphabetical##%_YZPRLFH_%##alphabetic##%_YZPRLFH_%##alphab et47.The speed of sound in a fluid is determined by, and therefore an indicator of,the thermodynamic properties of that fluid.In this sentence, the writerpresents答案:Background factual information48.Citations are not necessary if the source is not clear.答案:错误49.Unintentional plagiarism can be excused.答案:错误50.Citing will make our writing less original.答案:错误51.Citing can effectively stress the originality of someone’s work.答案:正确52.As for the purposes of a literature review, which one is not included?答案:predicting the trend in relation to a central research question orhypothesis53. A literature review could be possibly presented as a/an ______.答案:all of the above54.The heading “Brief review of literature: drawing a timeline from 2005 to2017” shows the literature review is arranged in ______ order.答案:chronological55.About writing a literature review, which of the following statements is notcorrect?答案:To show respect to others’ work, our own interpretations should not be included.56.In terms of the writing feature, a research paper resembles a/an______.答案:argumentation57.Each citation can only have one particular citing purpose.答案:错误pared with in-text citations, the end-of-text references are more detailed.答案:正确59.In-text citations provide the abbreviation of an author’s given/first namerather than family/last name.答案:错误60.When the Chinese writers’ ideas are cited, the first names in Pinyin will begiven in in-text citations.答案:错误61.When a process is described, _____________ are usually used to show the orderof the stages or steps.答案:sequencers62.To help the reader better understand a complicated process, _____________ is(are) very often used.答案:visual aids63.What information is usually included when defining a process?答案:Equipment._Product_Material64.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.Researchers arerequired to use past tense when describing a process.答案:错误65.Decide whether the following statement is true or false.A definition of theprocess is very often given first when a process is described.答案:正确66.Escherichia coli, when found in conjunction with urethritis, often indicateinfection higher in the uro-genital tract.答案:正确67.The 'management' of danger is also not the sort of language to appear withinpolicy documents that refer to GRT children, which reflects systematicfailures in schools.错误68.Conceivably, different forms, changing at different rates and showingcontrasting combinations of characteristics, were present in different areas.答案:正确69.Viewing a movie in which alcohol is portrayed appears to lead to higher totalalcohol consumption of young people while watching the movie.答案:正确70.Furthermore, this proves that humans are wired to imitate.答案:错误71.One possibility is that generalized latent inhibition is likely to be weaker thanthat produced by pre-exposure to the CS itself and thus is more likely to be susceptible to the effect of the long interval.答案:正确72.It is unquestionable that our survey proved that the portrayal of alcohol anddrinking characters in movies directly leads to more alcohol consumption in young adult male viewers when alcohol is available within the situation.错误73.Implications of these findings may be that, if moderation of alcoholconsumption in certain groups is strived for, it may be sensible to cut down on the portrayal of alcohol in programmes aimed at these groups and thecommercials shown in between.答案:正确74.This effect might occur regardless of whether it concerns a real-lifeinteraction.答案:正确75.It definitely proves that a movie in which a lot of partying is involved triggersa social process between two participants that affects total drinking amounts.答案:错误76.It is believed that alcohol related health problems are on the rise.答案:believed77.Drinking to excess, or 'binge drinking' is often the cause of inappropriatebehaviour amongst teenagers.often78.It seems as though the experiment conducted simply confirms suspicionsheld by the academic and medical professions.答案:seems79.However, attrition was greatest among the heaviest drinking segment of thesample, suggesting under-estimation in the findings, and although the study provided associational, prospective evidence on alcohol advertising effects on youth drinking, it addressed limitations of other research, particularly the unreliability of exposure measures based on self-reporting (Synder andSlater, 2006).答案:suggesting80.These differences may be due to the fact participants reporting higherconsumption levels were primed to overrate their weekly drinking by the condition they were in.答案:may81.The crack tends to grow into the more brittle material and then stay in there,whether the initial crack tip lies in the graded material or in the more ductile material (and thereafter advances across the graded layer.答案:tends82.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Light smokingseems to have dramatic effects on cardiovascular disease.答案:正确83.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.The impact ofthe UK’s ageing population will lead to increased welfare costs. Definitely,this will result in higher taxes and an increased retirement age for younger people.答案:错误84.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Althoughduration of smoking is also important when considering risk, it is highlycorrelated with age, which itself is a risk factor, so separating their effectscan be difficult.答案:正确85.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.All these factstaken together point toward the likely presence of calcium carbonate in the soils that Phoenix has analyzed.答案:正确86.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Because thesefeatures are carved into the Tharsis Plateau, they must have an intermediate age.答案:错误87.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.They appearto be covered with multiple layers of volcanic flows and sedimentary debris that originated in the south.答案:正确88.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Steven M.Clifford of the Lunar and Planetary Science Institute in Houston, amongothers, has conjectured that melting under a glacier or a thick layer ofpermafrost could also have recharged subterranean water sources.答案:正确89.Decidewhether hedging language is used in thesentence below.Earlier thisyear Philip Christensen of Arizona State University discovered gullies that clearly emerge from underneath a bank of snow and ice.答案:错误90.Put the following expressions in the proper place of the Discussion.A. Thesedata suggestB. In this study, we demonstrate C. it is critical to emphasizeD.additional research will be requiredE. we were unable todetermineDiscussionIndividuals who recover from certain viral infections typically develop virus-specific antibody responses that provide robustprotective immunity against re-exposure, but some viruses do not generate protective natural immunity, such as HIV-1. Human challenge studies for the common cold coronavirus 229E have suggested that there may be partialnatural immunity. However, there is currently no data whether humans who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection are protected from re-exposure.This is a critical issue with profound implications for vaccine development, public health strategies, antibody-based therapeutics, and epidemiologicmodeling of herd immunity. _____1_______ that SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesusmacaques provided protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge.We developed a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection thatrecapitulates many aspects of human SARS-CoV-2 infection, including high levels of viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract and clear pathologic evidence of viral pneumonia. Histopathology,immunohistochemistry, RNAscope, and CyCIF imaging demonstratedmultifocal clusters of virus infected cells in areas of acute inflammation, with evidence for virus infection of alveolar pneumocytes and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. ______2_______ the utility of rhesus macaques as a model forSARS-CoV-2 infection for testing vaccines and therapeutics and for studying immunopathogenesis. However, neither nonhuman primate model led torespiratory failure or mortality, and thus further research will be required to develop a nonhuman primate model of severe COVID-19 disease.SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques led to humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protection against rechallenge. Residual low levels ofsubgenomic mRNA in nasal swabs in a subset of animals and anamnesticimmune responses in all animals following SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge suggest that protection was mediated by immunologic control and likely was notsterilizing.Given the near-complete protection in all animals following SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge, ______3_______ immune correlates of protection in thisstudy. SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus monkeys resulted in the induction of neutralizing antibody titers of approximately 100 by both a pseudovirusneutralization assay and a live virus neutralization assay, but the relativeimportance of neutralizing antibodies, other functional antibodies, cellular immunity, and innate immunity to protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2remains to be determined. Moreover, ______4_______ to define the durability of natural immunity.In summary, SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaquesinduced humoral and cellular immune responses and provided protectiveefficacy against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge. These data raise the possibility that immunologic approaches to the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2infection may in fact be possible. However,______5_______ that there areimportant differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques andhumans, with many parameters still yet to be defined in both species, andthus our data should be interpreted cautiously. Rigorous clinical studies will be required to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection effectively protects against SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure in humans.答案:BAEDC91.Rearrange the order of the following sentences to make a coherent andmeaningful abstract.1.These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against otherstrains. Three immunizations using two different doses, 3 or 6 micrograms per dose, provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependentenhancement of infection.2.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. Because of the novelty of the virus, there are currently no SARS-CoV-2–specifictreatments or vaccines available.3.Therefore, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed.4.Here, we developed apilot-scale production of PiCoVacc, a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate, which induced SARS-CoV-2–specific neutralizingantibodies in mice, rats, and nonhuman primates.5.These data support the clinical development and testing of PiCoVacc for use in humans.答案:2341592.It seems likely that the details of the predictions depend on the assumedvariations of the toughness parameter and the yield stress.答案:It seems likely that93.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.5. __________答案:F94.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.4. __________答案:D95.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.3. __________答案:H96.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.2. __________答案:C97.The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels withPhytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated byCyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013A. The SHs, WS, and TPconcentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B.Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor.C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles incontrolling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. Insummary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrientlevels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplanktonbiomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change andeutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, andappropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G.Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initiallyconsidered during the entire period and during the dry season, anddecreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season.H. However, the relative importance of these factors may changeaccording to precipitation patterns.1.2.B3.A4.G5.1. __________答案:E98.It is rare to offer recommendations forfuture researchin Conclusion section.。
国家开放大学商务英语试卷秋
第一部分一、 交际用语 (共计 10 分, 每小题 2 分)1-5 题: 阅读下面的小对话, 选择恰当的答语 。
（ B ）1.Could you give me an example of good team working there?。
A. Sorry. I can see from your resumeB. Sure. I was the treasurer of the Students UnionC. Not at all. I was in charge of sales for Corporate Pan -Asia （ C ）2. Where shall we have the meeting?A. The first conference room is spaciousB. The first conference room isn't goodC. In the first conference room( C )3. Do you have any suggestions about it? A. No, I have no idea B. Let me give you a handC. After I read it in detail, will tell you my opinion( A )4. Good morning. Far East Logistics Company. This is Lin Hanxue. May I help you? A. Good morning, Ms. Lin. Nice to meet you B. No, thank youC. Good morning, Ms. Lin. This is Daniel Anderson speaking （ A ）5. Well, after my report, there'll be a break for refreshments. .A. The break won't be longB. All right, I seeC. All right, I'll see it 二 、 词汇与结构(共计 30 分,每小题 2 分)6-20 题: 阅读下面的句子, 从 A , B,C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项（ A ）6.The company's Human Resources department will then select the most suitableA. whoB. which A. attend B.join company's target.silently C. how C.go C. C. to comingthe loan first.( A ) 7.I'm particularly proud of I organized the finances.people to an interview.to our marketing department next week. A.silence B. silent (C )9. There are some visitors A. come B. coming( C )10.The meeting suggested( C )8.There was in the meeting room as the general manager predicted theA. to replyB. repliedC. repayingsuggestion, does everyone just smile and nod in agreement? When you bring forward an idea, do people just accept t? Well, if you answered yes to any of these questions, you are in an extremely unusual workplace. People are people. And people butt heads. They disagree, they argue, and they fight. You can't get around it. But you can learn to deal with itTo hold your own, you need to learn how to argue effectively. If you've got an opinion, you need to defend it. And if you have a problem with something a colleague has done, you need to let tem know. This can make for some difficult discussions and meetings, but this is 三 、 阅读理解(共 40 分, 每小题 4 分)21-25 题:阅读下列短文, 从 A,B,C 三个选项中选出一个正确答案Does everyone in your office always agree all the time? When someone makes a A. people hit you with the top of their head B. people dislike each otherC. people don't always agree well with each other A. people sometimes argue B. people always agreeC. people always get around it So how can you argue effectively? Well, you need severalA. theyB. whoC. whichA. scheduledB. usedC. made A. has summarized B. summarizedA. more valuableB. cheaperC. was summarizedC. higherservices.A. thoseB. theyC. who( C )22. And people but head means . ( A )21.From the first paragraph we can know that in the office . ( B )23. The writer suggests that if you get an opinion, you need to .( A ) 16. Prices may change quickly if supply or demand ( B )13.I'd like to know what time we can get the container it is in the port. ( B ) 11 · The woolen gloves should in twenty boxes. C. be packing B. pack A. be packed ( C ) 20. Then people, A. changes B. change C. will change ( C ) 17. Actually, buyers are the group of people ( A )18.The next shareholder's meeting was at the end of this year. the sales for the last six months. .are interested, can apply for the job.and it also slows down delivery. ( C ) 12. But the charge will be A. why B. when C. where ( C )14. The third part is the results A. expect B. expecting C. expected ( C ) 15 . I have finished your project plan A. read B. to read C. reading ( A )19. The marketing department want to buy certain goods orA. get around itB.learn how to deal with itC.argue in support of it(C)24.You need several skills to.A. let your colleagues knowB.argue effectivelyC. make for discussions and meetings(A)25.The main point of this passage is about.A. the fact of disagreement and argument in the officeB. how to avoid disagreement and argument in the officeC.how to argue effectively in the office26-30 题: 阅读下面的句子, 根据文章内容进行判断, 正确写“屔错误写 FInternational TransportTransport plays an important part in international business because goods produced have tobe delivered to the buyers abroad, and the delivery of goods is to be made possible bytransport services.Goods are carried by several means of transport on road or rail,by seaor air.And in recent years,combined transport which is a road-sea-rail carriage appeared.With the expansion of international trade, the container service has become popular. Theuse of containers provides a,highly effective form of transport.by road,rail and sea,Basically,or about98%of world trade is carried out by sea transport.Besides transport by sea,road,or rail,nowadays in order to speed up delivery,carriage by air international has also become popular.(T)26.Transport plays an important part in international business because goodsproduced have to be sent to everywhere in the world.(T)27.In recent years,combined transport which is a road-sea-rail carriage appeared.(T)28.With the expansion of international trade,the combined transport service hasbecome popular(T)29.The use of containers gives a very helpful method of transport.(T)30.Today carriage by air has become popular because it can speed up delivery.四、翻译(共 20 分, 每小题4 分)31-35:从以下A,B , C 三个选项中选择出最正确的翻译（ B ）31. In order to be employed, you need to make a very good first impression.A. 为了工作, 你需要做出一个良好的第一印象。
2023年吉林省长春市榆树市小区域联考三模英语试题(含答案)
2023.5.25第三次模拟考试英语试题一．选择题（每题1分共15分）1．（1分）Everybody except Mike and Linda there when the meeting began．（ ）A．is B．are C．was D．were2．（1分）In Changchun，the drivers_____let the pedestrians （行人）go first.（ ）A．can B．may C．must D．need3．（1分）China is good at making high﹣technology__________that people can buy everywhere.（ ）A．projects B．products C．subjects D．methods4．（1分）—How do you do well in English？—________watching English movies.（ ）A．For B．By C．With D．To5．（1分）I've made a decision to volunteer in the animal hospital．______ can change my mind．（ ）A．Something B．Everything C．Anything D．Nothing6．（1分）﹣I'd like to order something to drink.What would you like，coffee or cola？﹣.Milk is OK.（ ）A．Both B．Neither C．All D．Either7．（1分）______heavy traffic，please get up and set out early.（ ）A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided8．（1分）﹣Excuse me，sir．When can we have a swim in the pool？﹣Not until it next month．（ ）A．repairs B．will repairC．is repaired D．will be repaired9．（1分）Look! The boys are making the model boat by___．（ ）A．himself B．themselves C．ourselves D．yourselves 10．（1分）—__________did the online speech contest begin？—You didn't miss anything.It has just begun.（ ）A．When B．Where C．How D．Why11．（1分）FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar is one of________events in the world（ ）A．successful B．more successfulC．most successful D．the most successful12．（1分）Many people like to make resolutions_______ themselves at the beginning of the year （ ）A．improved B．to improve C．improves D．improve13．（1分）Rose gets up early every morning，so she is late for school.（ ）A．often B．always C．never D．sometimes 14．（1分）The teacher asked Li Hua ．（ ）A．why is he late for classB．why he is late for classC．why was he late for classD．why he was late for class15．（1分）﹣﹣﹣We're going to the Palace Museum this weekend，and I'd like you to come．﹣﹣﹣______! I have a meeting to attend that day．Thank you all the same．（ ）A．No problem B．What a pityC．Never mind D．That's OK二、交际运用（5分）16．（5分）根据对话内容及方框中所给的句子补全对话。
全国大学生生命科学竞赛 英语
全国大学生生命科学竞赛英语1、26．—Mary, is this your pen?—No, it isn't. ________ is black. [单选题] * A．MyB．IC．MeD．Mine(正确答案)2、--Shall we have a swim?--Yes, let’s _______ it at 9:00 next Sunday. [单选题] *A. putB. meetC. setD. make(正确答案)3、—_____ will the bus arrive? —In four minutes. [单选题] *A. How longB. How oftenC. How soon(正确答案)D. How far4、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditional Chinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles5、I paid twenty yuan _______ the book. [单选题] *A. offB. backC. for(正确答案)D. with6、On Easter children _______ eggs around the house. [单选题] *A. hunt for(正确答案)B. send forC. prepare forD. ask for7、（）, it would be much more sensible to do it later instead of finishing it now. [单选题] *A. FinallyB. MildlyC. Actually(正确答案)D. Successfully8、Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day [单选题] *A. ever sinceB. even ifC. soon afterD. in case(正确答案)9、79．On a ________ day you can see the city from here. [单选题] * A．warmB．busyC．shortD．clear(正确答案)10、Hurry up,?or we’ll _______ class. [单选题] *A. be late for(正确答案)B. late forC. late withD. be late with11、It’s very hot. Please _______ your coat. [单选题] *A. look afterB. take off(正确答案)C. take onD. put on12、-----How can I apply for an online course?------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. [单选题] *A. seeB. are seeingC. have seenD. will see(正确答案)13、82．—Is there a bookshop near here?—Yes. Walk ________ the road for five minutes and you'll see one near a big tree. [单选题] *A．toB．along(正确答案)C．ofD．about14、So many people will _______ to their work after the Spring Festival. [单选题] *A. get inB. get onC. get offD. get back(正确答案)15、______ in the library. （）[单选题] *A. Don’t smokingB. No smokeC. No smoking(正确答案)D. Doesn’t smoke16、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. （）[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or17、This message is _______. We are all _______ at it. [单选题] *A. surprising; surprisingB. surprised; surprisedC. surprising; surprised(正确答案)D. surprised; surprising18、His understanding made a deep impression_____the young girl. [单选题] *A.on(正确答案)B.inC.forD.with19、For more information, please _______ us as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. confidentB. confidenceC. contact(正确答案)D. concert20、I’m looking forward to hearing from you _______. [单选题] *A. recentlyB. soon(正确答案)C. quicklyD. fast21、--I can’t watch TV after school.--I can’t, _______. [单选题] *A. alsoB. tooC. either(正确答案)D. so22、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How23、John and Jack had looked for the key, but _____ of them found it. [单选题] *A. noneB. neither(正确答案)C. bothD. either24、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *A．goes to see a filmB．go to the filmC．see a film(正确答案)D．goes to the film25、A lot of students in our school were born _______ March, 1 [单选题] *A. in(正确答案)B. atC. onD. since26、34．My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] * A．forB．beforeC．in(正确答案)D．at27、37．It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] * A．to ride (正确答案)B．ridingC．ridesD．ride28、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well29、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)30、( ) The Great Wall was listed by the UNESCO as ___ World Heritage Site. [单选题]*A. a(正确答案)B. theC.\D.an。
高二英语科学研究单选题50题
高二英语科学研究单选题50题1. In the famous double - slit experiment in physics, scientists _____ observe the wave - particle duality of light.A. managed toB. tried toC. succeeded toD. aimed to答案：A。
解析：manage to表示成功做到某事，在这个语境中，科学家成功地观察到了光的波粒二象性，强调结果。
try to只是试图做某事，不强调结果是否成功。
succeed后面直接接in doing sth，没有succeed to这种用法。
aim to表示目的是做某事，侧重于目的而非结果。
2. The research on gene editing, like CRISPR - Cas9, has _____ many ethical discussions.A. given rise toB. put up withC. made up forD. caught up with答案：A。
解析：give rise to表示引起、导致，基因编辑的研究引起了很多伦理讨论。
put up with忍受，make up for弥补，catch up with 赶上，这几个短语不符合句子语境。
3. Darwin's theory of evolution was based on his _____ observationsduring his voyage on the Beagle.A. extensiveB. intensiveC. expansiveD. expensive答案：A。
解析：extensive广泛的，达尔文在小猎犬号航行期间进行了广泛的观察，这为他的进化论奠定了基础。
intensive集中的、加强的，expansive广阔的、扩张的，expensive昂贵的，后三个词不符合语境。
太原理工大学科技英语(一)全部复习资料(1)
一．英汉互译1.Friction（摩擦）will causethe bearingsto become heated摩擦会使轴承变热2.Eachatom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nuclear asit has protons.通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同3.In a solid or liquid,the molecules are much closer together,resulting in much more material in a given volume.在液体和固体中，分子结合得紧密得多，导致在一定体积内的物质也多得多4.The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis.测定物质中存在哪种或哪几种元素叫做定性分析5.Thesteel should not contain more than0.5%of carbon钢中的含碳量不应超过0.5%6.Sounddoes not travel asfast aslight声音不如光传播的快7.Theinstallation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufacturers.厂家负责安装这种新机器二．填空题1.From the results of the measurements it can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venusis too hot for life asknown on earth.从观测结果可以得出结论：金星表面的温度对地球上已知的生物来说太高。
2022年6月大学英语四级真题试卷卷一
2022年6月大学英语四级真题试卷卷一（网友版）作文Writing【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam,I hope you are doing great!I am Li Ming,one of the sophomore students in our university.Following my recent experience of using our school library,I have decided to send you some feed-back.In the first place,the librarians there are not very friend-ly and helpful as they often fail to tell us where to find the book we want,and moreover get impatient easily.What’s more,the books available in the library are too old to catch up with the latest development of related disciplines. Finally,the reading rooms are not bright enough as some of the lights have gone dark.All these have brought great inconvenience to us students,which leaves me with no choice but to write you this letter.From my perspective,it would be wise for you to offer all the librarians a training course to familiarize them with the layout of the library and the classifications of the books.If possible, I sincerely hope that you consider the possibility of renewing some of the books and maintaining the facilities properly.Thank you for your time and consideration.Look forward to your favorable reply.Warm regards,Li Ming听力Section ANews Report1原文：[1]A new study finds that beverages containing add ed sugar might be harmfuL In the study, researchers a nalyzed information from over eighty thousand wome n and thirty seven thousand men.Participants worked in the health profession.They were followed for appro ximately three decades. They completed surveys abou t their diet every four years.They also answered to qu estions about sleep and exercise and health every two years.[1-2]The more beverages contsininq added sug ar that peoole drink,the greater their risk of death wa s during the study period.These beverages included s oda,energy drinks,and sports drinks.Beverages like p ure fruit juice,which are sweet but do not contain add ed sugar were not part of the study.The findings held even after the researchers considered other factors th at could affect people's health.These factors included lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables.Th ey also included consuming too much meat. The scien tists say that their results support limiting beverages with added sugar.[2]They argse we should replace t hem with other drinks,with water being the best choi ce.However,the researchers admit this is simply their recommendation.The study found only an associatio n.It did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause d early death.Q1.What do we learn about the new study from the n ews report?Q2.What is the scientists'recommendation?News Report2原文：German police appealed Friday for information about the possible owners of two17th-century oil paintings.[3]Pol ice said a64-year-old man found the paintings in a garb age pile at a highwav rest stop las§ryonth,He later hand ed them in to the Cologne police.[4]_An initial assessme nt by an art expert concluded the two framed paintings were originals,police said.One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Belloti,elating to1665.The other i s a painting of a boy by the17th-century Dutch artist Sa muel van Floogstraten,date unknown.Tneir combined w qrth is estimated to be around one million euros.Authori ties have not yet confirmed what will happen if the rightf ul owner is not found.Nevertheless,it is speculated that they could either be handed over to the National Art Mus eum of Cologne or sold to the public by the local govern merit.Q3.What did German police say about a64-year-old man?Q4.What is the art expert's conclusion about the two framed paintings?News Report3原文：[5]A four-year-old girl has walked eight kilometres thr ouqh a snowy forest to seek help for her sick qrandmo ther who later died of a heart attack.The young girl br aved the threats ofbears,wolves and temperatures fa r below freezing.She made the journey through a rem ote region in Siberia after waking up to find her grand mother d locally as Carla,she lives a lone with her elderly grandmother and her blind grand father.[6】As a result the girl's mother is facing a cri minal case.She stands accused of leaving a minor in danger,in the care of the elderly.She also faces inves tigation from childcare services,who will also be askin g why Cola was left alone with her vulnerable relative金The journey took place in February,when temperat ures average-26°C,Russian reports on social media s uggest the forest may have been as cold as-34°C.Th e journey was only recently confirmed by authorities.[7But though she was suffering from the effects of e xtreme cold,the child reportedly suffered no life-threa tening st year,a three-year-old boy survive d alone for three days in a remote forest in the same region.Q5.What did a four-year old girl attempt to do?Q6.What do we learn from the news report about the girFs mother?Q7.What happened to the little girl according the news report?Conversation2原文∶M:Hi,Jennifer.I am really struggling with this se nester's workload.Do you have any advice?W:[12]Have you considered making a studyguid?It's a tool you can make yourself to take the stre S out of studying:I've been using one since the sta t of last semester,and it has really helped relieve A lot of study pressure.M:Sounds like just what I need.[13]My mainprob em is that my study folder is full of notes and wor sheets,and is badly disorganized.Idon't know w lere tO start.W:OK,well,the main thing is to have everything i the right place.Whatever you're reviewing, it's i nportant that it's arranged for your particular nee ils of that subject,and in the most user-friendly wa r you can.What kind of learner are you?M:Um.I'm not sure.W:Well,visual learners prefer using images,pictu es,colors,and maps to organize information. Logi al learners have a linear mind and would ratherand systems.[14]I'm an emotional learner, which means I need to connect to inf rmation emotionally to understand it.M:Oh,Im very much dependent on vision as a wa of taking in information.W:Well,15]Isuggest reorganizing_your notes usi1lg color-coded sections in your study guides, or usi1g idea mapping to lay out the information and m ke it more quickly accessible.M:So you thinkIshould arrange my notes using c lor and pictures in place of text.W:Yes.You'll probably start to grasp information a ot quicker that way.As an emotional learner, I org inize my notes into a story that I can connect to an recite to myself.M:That's amazing.I didn't know there were so many different ways to learn.Q12.What does the woman advise the man do?Q13.What is the biggest problem the man has with his s tudies?Section CPassage2原文：[19]Today many large corporations stress the importanc e of diversity on their websites,but current statistics sho w that the topical manager in America still tends to be w hite and male. Obviously,the desire to bring about diver sity has not translated into corporate reality.Why is thi s?[20]A team of「esearchers from the university of Basi I published their new sfudy about people's atiTEiides tow ards diversity at work.[21J They found that people have a wide range of opinions ccncerrirg diversity On the on e hand,many see value in diversity,which can contribut e a variety ot perspectives,encourage new ideas,and ge nerate innovative solutions.On the other hand,they assu me that it might be difficult to work with someone who h as completely different views,speaks a different languag e or has a different style of work.The actual value they a ttribute to diversity depends on the decision-making per spective.Doubts about the practicability of diversity nav e a greater weight.If a person is directly affected,in oth er words,when a persons own work group is involved,t hey tend to prefer team members who are similar to the mselves. But when people make decisions for others,the y typically put together a more diverse team.These findi ngs could help organizations become more panies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and te am decisions.These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly in volved in the group s daily work should also take part.Q19.What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?Q20.What is the newly published study focused on?Q21.What do the findings of the new study show?大学英语四级听力答案1.A.It ran for as long as some thirty years.2.D.Drinking water instead of beverages with added sugar.3.B.He found two17th-century oil paintings.4.A.They are originals.5.D.Save her sick grandmother.6.C.She has to face a criminal charge7.A.She suffered from the effects of severe cold.8.B.She comes from the city of Cape Town.9.A.It has a flat surface at the top.10.C.She has British ancestors.11.D.It is more popular than football.12.C.Prepare a study guide.13.B.His study folder is badly disorganized.14.D,An emotional learner.15.C.Arrange them using color and pictures.16.B.It is a moral principle to guide people's behavior.17.A.It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes.18.A.The golden rule must sometimes give way to more important principles.19.C.They have not seen as much diversity as desired.20.B.People's attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.21.D.People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.22.D.Changing one's form of communication from time to time.23.A.They are regarded as seriously binding.24.D.It places a high value on written contracts.25.C.Its terms may not be strictly binding.选词填空26C chew27.G dental28.F defense29.O underneath30.E continue31.A adult32.L replace33.D contains34.N triggered35.B associated段落匹配36.G Clues about the culture ofa company can be found on its website.37.D It can be difficult to know the real situation in a company until you become part of it38.M It is impossible for a job applicant to have every expectation met.39.A Simply by reading its descriptionthe author found the job offered ideal.40.F Job applicants are advised to make a written list of their likes and dislikes in their previous employment.41.K F At the end of an interview,a job applicant should seize the opportunity to get answers to their urgent questions.42.E To begin with,job applicants should be clear what they expect from their future employer43.I Job applicants should read with a critical eye what is written about a company on the website.44.C Job satisfaction has a lot to do with company culture.45.J A chat with an insider of a company can give job applicants very useful information when they prepare for an interview仔细阅读答案∶46-50:ABCBC46.A)Most employees think positively of it.47.B)It does much harm to employee loyalty.48.C)It has much to do with whom employees interact with.49.B)Most of them explored new job opportunities.50.C)Acknowledge employees achievements through social media.51-55:BDADA51.B)Shrinking financial resources52.D)Cultivating relationships with peers and teachers.53.A)It may have potential disadvantages.54.D)Prepare students to be competitive in the future.55.A)It lacks humanity.翻译从前有个农夫嫌他种的禾苗长得慢，就到地里把禾苗一株株地拔高了一点。
4·新题型_段落翻译
众所周知，“可口可乐”就是“CocaCola” 原来Coca和Cola是两种植物的名字，英语中指古柯树和可乐树 “可口可乐”译名的成功之处在于： 一，保留了原文押头韵的响亮发音； 二，完全抛弃了原文的意思，而是从喝饮料的感受和好处上打攻 心战，手段高明； • 三，这种饮品的味道并非人人喜欢，很多人甚至觉得它像中药， 但它却自称“可口”，而且喝了以后还让人开心。善于进行自我 表扬，讨好大众。
2013年12月新题型 大学英语六级考试
翻译题型
2013年12月新题型 大学英语四级考试
•翻译题型
翻译的原则
• 翻译是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文 字表达出来。
• 翻译界长期信奉的原则是“信”、“达”、“雅”三 原则。 • 所谓“信”，就是要忠实、准确。 • 所谓“达”，就是要通顺、流畅 • 所谓 “雅”，就是要优美、自然，
样题解析
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史, 在明朝和清朝时期 （the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。 参考译文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. 学生译文： 1. …… has one thousand and five hundred years history. (汉语语序) 2. …….have more than 1500’s history. / 1050 / 1750 / hestory 3. ……. a history of more than one thousant five hundred history. / one thousand and five houndrand
样题解析
• Part IV Translation (30 minutes) • Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer She, 考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。大学英语 精读教材中，每课都有汉译英译句练习，应该是学生 非常熟悉的题型。 • ☆其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识，也不涉及 英美文化背景知识 ，没有大主题语境，对翻译界长期 信奉的 “信”、“达”、“雅”三原则，在四、六级 考试中，所以我们只要做到“信”和“达”就可以了。
2024-2025学年山东省济南七校联考初三下学期5月中旬仿真考试英语试题含答案
2024-2025学年山东省济南七校联考初三下学期5月中旬仿真考试英语试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—Mum, we have won the game against Yuhua Middle School .—____________!A．Thank you B．The same to you C．Congratulations D．Never mind2、The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is _______ great book. My favourite part of _______ book is when Tom and Huck start their adventures on the island.A．a; a B．a; the C．the; 不填 D．不填; the3、Miss Lin _____ a lot of work for the poor area since 2015.A．does B．did C．has done D．will do4、I _____ Chinese dishes for my foreign friends tomorrow evening.A．will cook B．have cookedC．cook D．cooked5、________ runners took part in the half marathon(半程马拉松) in Haikou in April.A．Hundred B．Hundreds C．Hundreds of6、Today is my little sister’s ______ birthday. My family will get together to celebrate it.A．nine B．ninth C．the ninth D．the nine7、-Did you go to Jim's birthday party?- No, I __________.A．haven't invited B．didn't inviteC．am not invited D．wasn't invited8、---We’d like you to start work tomorrow if possible.---I’m sorry, but I can’t possibly start until Monday.?A．Do you agree with me B．Is that a good ideaC．Do you think I’m right D．Will that be all right9、--- _______ fine weather it is!--- Yes, shall we go boating together?A．What a B．How C．What D．So10、—Are you coming to Daming’s birthday party?—He’s my best friend.A．What a pity! B．Never mind. C．Much better! D．You bet!Ⅱ. 完形填空11、There are always top students around us. Let's take Jenny as an example. As the monitor, she spends a lot of time working for our class, but she still gets good grades in all subjects. How can she do that? Here is some of her advice. Hard work is not the whole story. It's not how long you sit at the desk. It's 1 you do while you are sitting.Studying is a matter of personal preference（偏爱）. Some people like working late at night when the house is 2 ，while others like doing their work 3 in the morning. No matter which way you use, try to do your best.Studying is your business and business comes after entertainment（娱乐）. When you are studying, phone calls should go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks uneaten. Studying is the only thing in your mind. 4 should pull you away from what you are studying.Studying is like 5 . You chew（咀嚼）it one bite at a time. You can plan what to do today, but don't do too much. On the other hand, you will not study well without a good plan. It all depends on how you 6 your time.Maybe she is right, so why not have a try?1．A．what B．why C．how D．that2．A．clean B．beautiful C．quiet D．big3．A．alone B．lonely C．quickly D．early4．A．Something B．Anything C．Nothing D．Everything5．A．drinking. B．eating C．sleeping D．dancing6．A．realize B．cost C．take D．arrangeⅢ. 语法填空12、The Value of a DollarWhen I was nineteen, I had a job at a local bookstore. One night, a young couple came in and walked here and there looking for a book. They seemed 1．(be) the usual type to give mall 2．(worker) a hard time. When they came to the register (收银处), she was a dollar or two short of 3．(buy) the book she wanted.She looked 4．(disappoint). I had a customer discount (折扣) card and it was still active. I told the girl 5．(gentle), “Hang on, don’t worry, you’ll have the money to buy the book.” I put in my password.She gave me a 6．(thank) smile. With a dollar left, she and her boyfriend left the store. I believed that I would never see 7．（they）again.I don’t remember 8．long it was, but they did return later that evening just to bring me 9．beautiful card that said “It’s people like you who make the world a 10．(good) place to live in.”I’m deeply moved by the little girl and her boyfriend. In fact, they have also made the world a little brighter.Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、On June 26, 5, two scientists, called Francis Collins and Craig Venter, told the world that they could now read the whole“map” of the human body: DNA．DNA is something that everybody has, and it tells the body what to do．DNA is the reason that we look like our mother and father, because we get some of their DNA to make our own．People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time．In 2, Gregor Mendel discovered a special reason why we look the same as other people in our family．It is because of small things named “genes” in our body．In 3, James Watson and Francis Crick made another discovery and found out that those small parts are real messages written in the DNA with a special language．In 4, Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Mattaei found a message in DNA showing how DNA tells the cell (细胞) to build its parts．Scientists have now found all the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do．By understanding what just one “word” means, we can help save more people from several illnesses．Most people hope that this will help make better medicine and help sick people．Other people worry that when people begin to know more words and find out lots of other information, we might use it in a wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people from getting jobs．Man will have to meet a lot of trouble if DNA technology (技术) isn’t limited in use．1．When did we first know why we look like other people in our family?A．In 2．B．In 3．C．In 4．D．In 5．6．What does the underlined word “genes” mean in the passage?A．The “map” of DNA．B．A special language．C．Small parts of DNA．D．Several illnesses．7．What did the two scientists first discover in 4?A．The “map” of DNA．B．A new illness．C．The language of DNA．D．A message of DNA．8．What can we do if we understand some “words” of the language inside the body?A．Make people get new jobs．B．Make medicine for new illnesses．C．Make maps of human．D．Make people less attractive．9．What do people think about DNA technology?A．It can cause good or bad results．B．It can cause good results．C．It can cause good results but won’t work．D．It can cause only bad results．B14、The right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is to think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you'll agree that the name and the product are connected in everyone's mind.In many countries, successful trade or brand(商标)names are protected by law so that other companies cannot make the same product by copying. Businesses register(注册)a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is in the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations(联系).The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.When a U.S. company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name-Coke. It took some efforts before finding the right word-which sounds similar and translates as "happiness in the mouth". Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that offer help in inventing product names. These companies can charge(要价)up to $ 100,000 a word for their good names. But it's worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.1．How many brand names are mentioned(提及)in the article?A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.2．Trade names are protected by law in many countries .A．to make companies pay for naming serviceB．to help people choose the best productsC．to present good images of the productsD．to prevent products from being copied3．What can we learn from the article?A．Many companies care about the cost of finding the right names.B．Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale.C．The government often does business with naming companies.D．It is considered necessary for cars to be named after animals.4．What is the best title for the article?A．The Importance of Right Brand Names B．The Rules of Naming BusinessC．The Development of Brand Names D．The Methods of Choosing NamesC15、Last week, Chicago became the first city in the US to join the “Lights Out Plan”. People turned off the lights in the city’s tallest buildings, so that thousands of birds could get to their winter homes. Every year in autumn, some birds fly over Chicago on their way to the south, and come back the next spring．Lights mean danger to birds. Birds find their way by looking at the stars in the sky. Lights in tall buildings are so bright that birds may mistake them as stars. This means they can not find the right way to go home．This month, about 300 types of birds are flying over Chicago to go back to the south to live through the cold winter. Birds fly to warmer places for a few reasons. Many birds cannot live in the cold, so they fly to warmer places. But there are other reasons，too. Birds need to look for food in the south. Another reason is that they want to have baby birds. Many birds like to have their baby birds in the same “house” they lived in last year, so they fly back there.There are about 9,000 kinds of birds in the world, and about 600 kinds of birds migrate（迁徙）. Some birds can fly a very long way. Sometimes they fly to other countries. We have fewer birds today because there are fewer places for birds．1．Why did people in Chicago turn off their lights last week?A．Because people wanted to save money．B．Because people liked the dark night．C．Because people were afraid that birds would make much noise．D．Because people were afraid that birds would lose their way．2．Today we have fewer birds because __________．A．lots of birds are often ill B．people kill lots of birdsC．there are fewer places for birds D．other animals eat them3．Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．All birds fly to warmer places every year．B．Some birds have to fly to warmer places in autumn．C．Some birds can fly a long way to other countries．D．About 600 kinds of birds migrate in the world．D16、Chicago is a famous city in the US. If you have a chance to go to the US, it is a good idea to pay a visit to Chicago.Chicago is the third largest city in the US. It is home to people who have migrated from all over the world. People move to Chicago from different places to live with their families or friends who arrived here first. They come by train, plane and ship to live in this great city.The center of Chicago is called The Loop. You can see many tall buildings here, even some of the tallest in the world. As you travel away from The Loop, you will find there are communities of different foreign cultures. But you can’t travel east of The Loop because of Lake Michigan.When you travel south of The Loop, you will find areas like Chinatown. There, people from China celebrate many of the same festivals as people in their hometowns do, for example, the Chinese New Year. They also celebrate the holidays of the US.Chicago is also called the Windy City, so don’t forget to take more clothes with you.1．The underlined word ＂migrated＂means ＂_____________＂in Chinese.A．生长B．移居C．逃离D．改变2．Chinatown is in the _____________ of The Loop.A．south B．north C．east D．west3．After reading the passage, we can know _____________.A．Chicago is the second largest city in the USB．people can’t take ships to ChicagoC．in Chicago we can see all the tallest buildings of the worldD．some people in Chicago celebrate the Chinese New Year4．If we can read the passage in the magazine, the name of the magazine may be ＂_____________＂. A．Famous Cities B．Public HolidayC．Beautiful Counties D．Holidays and CelebrationsE17、GREENWOOD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLName: Paula VannettiClass: 4-B Term 3 / 2016 Timetable1．How long does each class last?A．For one hour. B．For two hours. C．For three hours. D．For four hours.2．How many classes are there at the school each day?A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Twenty-nine.3．When can students start to have lunch?A．At 11:00. B．At 11:30. C．At 12:30. D．At 13:30.4．What can students learn at the after school clubs at Greenwood?A．Music and Geography. B．ICT and Art.C．PE and Guitar. D．Guitar and Basketball.5．How many Italian classes do students have in one week?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.F18、Tom walked into a shop. It had a sign outside: “ Second-hand clothes bought and sold. ” He was carrying an old pair of trousers and asked the owner of the shop, “ How much will you give me for these? ” The owner looked at them and said “ Two dollars. ”“ What? ” Tom said, “ I had guessed they were worth at least five dollars. ”“ No. ” said the owner, “ They weren’t worth a cent more than two dollars.”“Well,” said Tom, taking two dollars out of his pocket. “ Here is your money. These trousers were hanging outside your shop. The list price was six dollars and a half. But I thought that was too much money, so I wanted to find out how much they were really worth.”Then he walked out of the shop with the pair of trousers and disappeared before the owner could think of anything to say. 1．At first, the owner thought that Tom ____________ .A．wanted to steal the trousersB．wanted to sell the trousersC．wanted to fool himD．wanted to buy the trousers2．In fact, the trousers ____________ .A．were hanging inside the shopB．were stolen by Tom from the shopC．had been the shop owner’sD．had been Tom’s3．From the story we know that ____________ cheaper than the list price.A．the owner sold the trousers two dollarsB．Tom sold the trousers one and a half dollarsC．the owner bought the trousers three dollarsD．Tom bought the trousers four dollars and a halfⅤ.书面表达19、书面表达（15分）Jackson是澳大利亚的一名游客，春节期间来中国进行乡村游。
六级12
第三轮：提升训练 1周悦2019.10新东⽅方在线出国考试事业部教师培训主管剑桥认证教师，持有剑桥⼤大学教师证书（Celta）英语教学能⼒力力证书（TKT）University of New Hampshire语⾔言学全奖硕⼠士；热爱语⾔言及教学英⽂文⽼老老师；中⽂文⽼老老师51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A.It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.B.It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C.It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.D.It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A.It was a painstaking effort for recording life’s major events.B.It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C.It was a good way to preserve one’s precious images.D.It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.1.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos ofsomething as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and yourdining companion's patience.52. Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out_____.A.What kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo takers.B.Whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing.C.How it would help to enrich people’s life experiences.D.Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing.52. Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out_____.A.What kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo takers.B.Whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeing.C.How it would help to enrich people’s life experiences.D.Whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing.3 Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, sothey embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the fieldtesting people s enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they redoing more, not less.53. What do the results of Diehl’s experiments show about people taking pictures?A.They are distracted from what they are doingB.They can better remember what they see or do.C.They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D.They can have a better understanding of the world.53. What do the results of Diehl’s experiments show about people taking pictures?A.They are distracted from what they are doingB.They can better remember what they see or do.C.They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D.They can have a better understanding of the world.4 “What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you are looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."54. What is found about museum visitors with the aim of eye-tracking glasses?A.They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B.They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C.They have a better view of what are on display.D.They follow the historical events more easily.54. What is found about museum visitors with the aim of eye-tracking glasses?A.They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B.They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C.They have a better view of what are on display.D.They follow the historical events more easily.6 Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you re looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.55. What do we learn about the last paragraph?A.It is better to make plans before taking photos.B.Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C.Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D.Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.55. What do we learn about the last paragraph?A.It is better to make plans before taking photos.B.Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C.Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D.Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.8 Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."46. What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?A.He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.B.He create a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.C.He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.D.He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves.46. What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?A.He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.B.He create a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.C.He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.D.He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves.1 You may have heard that coca-cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. the coca in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink's originator chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup. At the time coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic, and Pemberton's sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. but the other half of the name represents another ingredient, less infamous(名声不好的), perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut.47. What does the passage say about kola nuts?A.Their commercial value was first discovered by Portuguese settlers.B.They contain some kind of energy boost not found in any other food.C.Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century for medicinal use.D.They were strange to the Europeans when first imported from West Africa.47. What does the passage say about kola nuts?A.Their commercial value was first discovered by Portuguese settlers.B.They contain some kind of energy boost not found in any other food.C.Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century for medicinal use.D.They were strange to the Europeans when first imported from West Africa.2 In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants.3 Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.4 Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Johnson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.5 By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink, it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.48. How come kola-extract colas became popular?A.Cocaine had become notorious.B.Alcoholic drinks were prohibitedC.Fountains were set up to sell themD.Rights were sold to bottle the soda48. How come kola-extract colas became popular?A.Cocaine had become notorious.B.Alcoholic drinks were prohibitedC.Fountains were set up to sell themD.Rights were sold to bottle the soda5 …when cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.49. What is know about the taste of Coca-Cola?A.It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.B.It still relies on traditional kola nut extract.C.It has become more popular among the oldD.It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation49. What is know about the taste of Coca-Cola?A.It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.B.It still relies on traditional kola nut extract.C.It has become more popular among the oldD.It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation6 The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It’s become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985 – sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales – proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. “Coca-Cola Classic” returned to store shelves just three months after the “New Coke” was released.7 These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it’s said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavor.55. What is the passage mainly about?A.The evolution of Coca-ColaB.The success story of Coca-ColaC.The medicinal value of Coca-ColaD.The business strategy of Coca-Cola第三轮：提升训练 2经济类⽂文章练习周悦2019.10Ford, however, still had the best-selling vehicle in the U.S., as its F-Series pickup truck claimed top honors for the 32nd year in a row, underscoring the enduring popularity of the American pickup even in hard times. The Toyota Camry was the second best-selling vehicle in the U.S., while the Chevrolet Silverado pickup truck came in third, according to preliminary sales figures released by the manufacturers.But overall, passenger cars outsold trucks, sport-utility vehicles and minivans for the first time since 2000, according to George Pipas, sales analyst for Ford Motor Co., as consumers reacted to last year's spike in gasoline prices. Truck sales made a modest comeback during the fourth quarter, in part because fuel prices had dropped and truck buyers had better access to credit than buyers of more fuel-efficient passenger vehicles, automakers say. The collapse of the new-car market in the second half of 2008 translates to pain all around. Every major carmaker, with the exception of Subaru, reported a sales decline in 2008, including luxury manufacturers Mercedes-Benz and BMW-once considered invulnerable (不不会受到伤害的) to a recession.Even the new sales king, Toyota, saw its crown tarnished (暗淡). Despite heavy advertising,Toyota's December sales slid 37.5%, and yearly sales were down 15.7%. Honda also reported a 34.7% decline in December but a modest 8.2% decrease for the year. A dark year is now over, but automakers don't yet see the dawn. Jim Lentz, president of Toyota Motor Sales U.S.A., says he expects sales in the first quarter of 2009 to be similar to those in the fourth quarter of 2008-dreadful. While the outlook remains too uncertain for any consensus (共识) to emerge on full-year 2009 sales, carmakers are hoping to see some signs of life this spring. "We could see year-over-year comparisons improve starting in April 2009 because the market really collapsed in April 2008," says Rebecca Lindland, an analyst with Global Insight in Lexington, Mass.1.What does the author mean by saying “…, with sales tumbling 53%?” (Para. 1)下降：A.Chrysler’s sales dropped by 53%B.Chrysler’s sales only increased by 53%C.Chrysler decreased to 53% of the previous salesD.Chrysler sales decreased by 47%1 Sales of new vehicles dropped in December to the lowest level since the early1980s, as carmakers turned in a terrible fourth quarter despite aggressive use of incentives. Chrysler showed the worst decline of all, with sales tumbling 53%.2. What can we learn about vehicle sales in U.S. in 2008 from the passage?A.Trucks sold better than passenger cars.B.Ford’s F-Series pickup truck sold bestC.Truck’s sale declined in the fourth quarterD.Mercedes-Benz and BMW’s new cars sold better2. What can we learn about vehicle sales in U.S. in 2008 from the passage?A.Trucks sold better than passenger cars.B.Ford’s F-Series pickup truck sold bestC.Truck’s sale declined in the fourth quarterD.Mercedes-Benz and BMW’s new cars sold better2 Ford, however, still had the best-selling vehicle in the U.S., as its F-Series pickup truck claimed top honors for the 32nd year in a row, underscoring the enduring popularity of the American pickup even in hard times. The Toyota Camry was the second best-selling vehicle in the U.S., while the Chevrolet Silverado pickup truck came in third, according to preliminary sales figures released by the manufacturers.3 But overall, passenger cars outsold trucks, sport-utility vehicles and minivans for the first time since 2000, according to George Pipas, sales analyst for Ford Motor Co., as consumers reacted to lastyear's spike in gasoline prices. Truck sales made a modest comeback during the fourth quarter, in part because fuel prices had dropped and truck buyers had better access to credit than buyers of more fuel-efficient passenger vehicles, automakers say.4 The collapse of the new-car market in the second half of 2008 translates to pain all around. Every major carmaker, with the exception of Subaru, reported a sales decline in 2008, including luxury manufacturers Mercedes-Benz and BMW—once considered invulnerable to a recession.2. What can we learn about vehicle sales in U.S. in 2008 from the passage?A.Trucks sold better than passenger cars.B.Ford’s F-Series pickup truck sold bestC.Truck’s sale declined in the fourth quarterD.Mercedes-Benz and BMW’s new cars sold better按顺序：B. Ford, however, still had the best-selling vehicle in the US, as its F-Series pickup truck claimed top honors…D. Every major carmaker, with the exception of Subaru, reported a sales decline in 2008, including luxury manufactures Mercedes-Benz, and BMW…A.Passenger cars outsold trucks,….C. Truck sale made a modest comeback during the fourth quarter, …3. What has happened about the sales of Honda in 2008?A.Its sale had declined 15.7% for the yearB.Its sale has decreased to 8.2% in DecemberC.Its sale has dropped by 34.7% for the yearD.Its sale has decreased 8.2% in the whole year3. What has happened about the sales of Honda in 2008?A.Its sale had declined 15.7% for the yearB.Its sale has decreased to 8.2% in DecemberC.Its sale has dropped by 34.7% for the yearD.Its sale has decreased 8.2% in the whole year5 Even the new sales king, Toyota, saw its crown tarnished. Despite heavy advertising,Toyota's December sales slid 37.5%, and yearly sales were down 15.7%. Honda also reported a 34.7% decline in December but a modest 8.2% decrease for the year.4. Why does Rebecca Lindland say the situation should start improving in April 2009?A.Because the sales decline took place in April 2008.B.Because the world economy will recover slowly in April 2009.C.Because the recession of the economy will be gone in April 2009.D.Because the government has taken a series of measures to improve the economy4. Why does Rebecca Lindland say the situation should start improving in April 2009?A.Because the sales decline took place in April 2008.B.Because the world economy will recover slowly in April 2009.C.Because the recession of the economy will be gone in April 2009.D.Because the government has taken a series of measures to improve the economy6 A dark year is now over, but automakers don't yet see the dawn. Jim Lentz, president of ToyotaMotor Sales U.S.A., says he expects sales in the first quarter of 2009 to be similar to those in the fourth quarter of 2008-dreadful. While the outlook remains too uncertain for any consensus (共识) to emerge on full-year 2009 sales, carmakers are hoping to see some signs of life this spring. "We could see year-over-year comparisons improve starting in April 2009 because the market really collapsed in April 2008," says Rebecca Lindland, an analyst with Global Insight in Lexington, Mass.5. What can be concluded from the passage?A.The car sales market is a little depressed.B.The car sales market is in the downturn.C.The economic crisis took place in 2008 all over the world.D.The economic crisis has greatly influenced carmakers.1.According to the first paragraph, we can learn that_____.A.Everyone in eBay works in a tiny spaceB.It’s common for people to work in a cubicleC.Internet companies have a similar traditionD.John Donahoe is the first CEO of eBay.Like everyone else at eBay’s San Jose, Calif., campus, John Donahoe sits in a cubicle (隔间). Though this is one of the Internet company’s oldest commonplaces, the company’s 6-ft. 5-in. new CEO really does use the tiny space as his office.2. Based on the second paragraph, the Dartmouth basketball play is interested in _____.ying off the personnelB.Shaking things upC.Acquiring companiesD.Assuming the top jobTough love is a very fitting description for the Chicago native’s eBay tenure so far. In the nine months since assuming the top job, the former Dartmouth basketball player, 48, has shown a penchant for shaking things up. In October he acquired three companies on the same day that he laid off 10% of eBay’s 16,000 workers worldwide.3. According to the passage, we can know that eBay_____.A.Is always recession-proofB.Is losing its credibilityC.Will continue to thrive in the downtownD.Is a site where we can trade with others3. According to the passage, we can know that eBay_____.A.Is always recession-proofB.Is losing its credibilityC.Will continue to thrive in the downtownD.Is a site where we can trade with othersAlthough you’d think that eBay’s flagship marketplace business, a site where people go to buy and sell stuff, would flourish in a downturn, it has stopped growing. It’s still unclear how badly the credit crisis and buying slowdown will affect an e-commerce value site like eBay, which does half its business outside the U.S. During the 2001 recession, eBay’s marketplace continued to thrive because of its Web dominance and discounted goods. Whitman at the time even crowed that "eBay is to some extent recession-proof."4. Why does the eBay’s marketplace fell compared with one year ago?A.Because Google, Amazon and other retail sites take the eBay’s dominance.B.Because the business mode of eBay makes it lack of competitivenessC.Because the strength and popularity of eBay is decreasing graduallyD.Because the credit crisis affects eBay badly.4. Why does the eBay’s marketplace fell compared with one year ago?A.Because Google, Amazon and other retail sites take the eBay’s dominanceB.Because the business mode of eBay makes it lack of competitivenessC.Because the strength and popularity of eBay is decreasing graduallyD.Because the credit crisis affects eBay badly. 【上段】Today that statement seems wishful thinking. In the third quarter, for the first time, transactions on eBay’s marketplace fell 1%, to $14.3 billion, from a year ago. The strength and popularity of Google’s search, Amazon’s sales and the sheer number of other Web retail sites have eroded eBay’s dominance, making it harder to compete with the same business model that steered the firm through its first 10 years of jaw-dropping growth. Three years ago, eBay boasted 30% more traffic than Amazon, but today its 84.5 million active users scarcely best Amazon’s 81 million customers. The troubled economy and weakness in eBay’s core business contributed to a 60% drop in market value this year. Amazon’s market cap topped eBay’s for the first time last summer. "eBay used to own all the on and off ramps, and now it’s just another highway," says Scot Wingo, chief executive of Channel Advisor, a consultancy that works with online retailers. "They have to figure out how to reorient the eBay brand to mean more than auctions and learn to become a leader again.5. What does the Scot Wingo mean by saying “eBay used to own all the on and off ramps, and now it’s just another highway?”A.eBay has to reorient the eBay brand to mean more than auctions.B.eBay should learn to change old business mode into new one.C.eBay has been ranking the first position in the past time.D.eBay will surely recover its economy from the recession.5. What does the Scot Wingo mean by saying “eBay used to own all the on and off ramps, and now it’s just another highway?”A.eBay has to reorient the eBay brand to mean more than auctions.B.eBay should learn to change old business mode into new one.C.eBay has been ranking the first position in the past time.D.eBay will surely recover its economy from the recession."eBay used to own all the on and off ramps, and now it’s just another highway," says Scot Wingo, chief executive of Channel Advisor, a consultancy that works with online retailers. "They have to figure out how to reorient the eBay brand to mean more than auctions and learn to become a leader again.第三轮：提升训练 3经济类⽂文章练习周悦2019.1051. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?A) It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.B) It is a direct result of the global economic recession.C) It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.D) It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.1 Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?A) It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.B) It is a direct result of the global economic recession.C) It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.D) It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems?A)They can be solved with better managementB)They cannot be attributed to weather onlyC)They are not a serious in its online storesD)They call for increased investment3 However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer “voluntary separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems?A)They can be solved with better managementB)They cannot be attributed to weather onlyC)They are not a serious in its online storesD)They call for increased investment。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
a r X i v :a s t r o -p h /0109012v 1 3 S e p 2001Draft version February 1,2008Preprint typeset using L A T E X style emulateapj v.11/04/00FIRST RESULTS FROM THE COLA PROJECT-THE RADIO-FIR CORRELATION ANDCOMPACT RADIO CORES IN SOUTHERN COLA GALAXIESE.A.Corbett 1Anglo-Australian Observatory,PO Box 296,Epping 1710,NSW,AustraliaR.P.NorrisAustralia Telescope National Facility,CSIRO,PO BOX 176,Epping NSW,AustraliaC.A.Heisler 2and M.A.Dopita Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics,Australian National University,Private Bag,Weston CreekPO,ACT 2611,AustraliaP.Appleton and C.StruckErwin W.Fick Observatory and Department of Physics and Astronomy,Iowa State University,Ames,IA50011T.Murphy 3School of Physics,University of Sydney,Sydney,NSW 2006,AustraliaA.MarstonInfrared Processing and Analysis Centre,California Institute of Technology,Pasadena,CA 91125Draft version February 1,2008ABSTRACTWe present the first results from the COLA (Compact Objects in Low-power AGN)project which aims to determine the relationship between one facet of AGN activity,the compact radio core,with star formation in the circumnuclear region of the host galaxy.This will be accomplished by the comparison of the multi-wavelength properties of a sample of AGN with compact radio cores,to those of a sample of AGN without compact cores and a matched sample of galaxies without AGN.In this paper we discuss the selection criteria for our galaxy samples and present the initial radio observations of the 107Southern (δ<0◦)galaxies in our sample.Low-resolution ATCA observations at 4.8,2.5and 1.4GHz and high resolution,single baseline snapshots at 2.3GHz with the Australian LBA are presented.We find that for the majority of the galaxies in our sample,the radio luminosity is correlated with the FIR luminosity.However,a small number of galaxies exhibit a significant radio excess causing them to depart from the FIR-radio correlation.Compact radio cores are detected at fluxes >1.5mJy in 9of the 105galaxies observed with the LBA.The majority (8/9)of these galaxies exhibit a significant radio excess and 50%(7/14)of the galaxies which lie above the radio-FIR correlation by more than 1σhave compact radio cores.The emission from the compact cores is too weak to account for this radio excess,implying that there are radio structures associated with the compact cores which extend further than the 0.05arcsec resolution (corresponding to a linear scale 11-22pc)of the LBA.There is no evidence that the radio luminosity of the compact cores is correlated with the FIR galaxy luminosity,indicating that the core contributes little to the overall FIR emission of the galaxy.The galaxies with compact cores tend to be classified optically as AGN,with two thirds (6/9)exhibiting Seyfert-like optical emission line ratios,and the remaining galaxies classified either as composite objects (2/9)or starburst (1/9).The galaxies classified optically as AGN also exhibit the largest radio excesses and we therefore conclude that a large radio excess on the radio-FIR correlation is a strong indication of an AGN with a compact radio core.Subject headings:Galaxies:active —galaxies:starburst —-infrared:galaxies —–radio continuum:galaxies1.INTRODUCTIONRecent observations of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN)have revealed that some,if not most,AGN host galaxies exhibit circumnuclear starburst activity.Exam-ples of this are the circumnuclear ring of star formation found in the Seyfert 1galaxy NGC 7469(Genzel et al.1995),the stellar core (Thatte et al.1997)and extended (≈3kpc from core)star forming region (Telesco &Decher1988)observed in NGC 1068,and the compact starburst found in the extremely luminous Seyfert 2galaxy,Mrk 477(Heckman et al.1997).These starburst regions can account for more than 50%of the galaxy’s bolometric lu-minosity (Genzel et al.1995;Heckman et al.1997).In addition to starburst activity,AGN also exhibit other cir-cumnuclear phenomena such as inner rings (Baum et al.1995;Colina et al.1997),bars (Ho,Fillipenko &Sar-gent 1997;Shlosman,Peletier &Knapen 2000)or spirals1RSAA,Australian National University,Private Bag,Weston Creek PO,ACT 2611,Australia2Deceased3New address:Insitute for Astronomy,Royal Observatory,Blackford Hill,Edinburgh,UK12Corbett et al.(e.g.Colina et al.1997;Colina&Arribas1999;Regan &Mulchaey1999;Martini&Pogge1999).These struc-tures may well be related to the mechanism by which the AGN is fuelled(Ho,Fillipenko&Sargent1997;Maiolino et al.1997;Shlosman,Begelman&Frank1990;Norman &Scoville1988).What is not clear,however,is whether there is a causal connection between the circumnuclear activity and the presence of an AGN.It is possible that the starburst activ-ity precedes the“switching on”of the AGN and one might imagine the scenario of a galaxy interaction causing infall, leading to starburst activity which in turn leads to further infall andfinally to the formation of an AGN(Sanders et al.1988).Certainly Boyle&Terlevich(1998)found a striking similarity between the evolution of the QSO lu-minosity density and the galaxy star formation rate,in-dicating that star formation plays an important role in QSOs.In fact Terlevich et al.(1992)argue that parsec scale starbursts combined with compact supernova rem-nants can reproduce the observed properties of an AGN, eliminating the need for a black hole completely.It is also possible that the star formation activity is actually trig-gered by the disruption of gas caused by the presence of the AGN(e.g.van Bruegel&Dey1993;van Breugal et al.1985)or indeed is unrelated to the presence of the AGN,with mergers creating circumnuclear star formation but the AGN activity maintained by structures which were formed on small scales early on in the galaxy’s life cycle. The primary goal of the COLA project(Compact Ob-jects in Low-power AGN)is to determine the relationship between one characteristic of an AGN,the presence of a compact radio core,with star formation in the circum-nuclear region of the host galaxy.This will be accom-plished by comparison of the multi-wavelength properties of a sample of AGN with compact radio cores,to compar-ison samples,consisting AGN without compact cores and a matched sample of galaxies without AGN.In particular,the circumnuclear regions of the three galaxy groups will be examined for evidence of fueling (or fueling suppression)and the relative prevalence of nu-clear structures such as bars or rings.The internal kine-matic properties of their gas and the spatial distribution of emission mechanisms such as photoionisation and shock-excitation,e.g.ionisation cones,will also be investigated using emission-line imaging and optical spectroscopy.Fi-nally we will aim to establish what differences,if any,ex-ist between the AGN with compact radio cores and those without,and whether their radio structure at pc-and kpc-scales is aligned or associated with any optical structures. In order to avoid biases in our sample we have selected a large initial sample of galaxies from the IRAS Point Source Catalogue(Joint IRAS Science Working Group1988)and determined their properties over a range of wavelengths. It is from this initial sample that the AGN and non-AGN comparison sub-samples will be selected for further study, with the non-AGN galaxies matched to the AGN galax-ies using global,orientation independent measures.The selection criteria used for the individual samples and sub-samples will be discussed in detail in Section2,together with the possible sources of bias.The initial sample of galaxies has been divided into the Northern COLA sample(δ>0o)and the Southern COLA sample(δ<0◦).In this paper we present low resolution radio observations and high resolution long baseline array (LBA)snapshots of the Southern COLA sample.The low resolution observations measure the total radio luminos-ity of the galaxies whereas the LBA snapshots are used to determine which of the galaxies have compact radio cores (<0.08-0.05arcsec in diameter).We discuss the radio and FIR properties of Southern COLA sample as a whole and examine the characteristics of the galaxies in which we detect compact radio cores.Optical spectroscopic obser-vations and CO spectral line measurements have also been obtained for the Southern COLA sample and these will be discussed elsewhere(Corbett et al.,in preparation,and Norris et al.,in preparation).Throughout this paper we have assumed H0=75km s−1Mpc−1and q0=0.5.2.SAMPLE SELECTION AND BIASPrevious investigations into the relationship between AGN and the host galaxy have been biased by the dif-ficulties associated with defining the AGN sample and the matched non-AGN sample.In fact most AGN samples are biased to some degree,having been based on criteria such as UV excess,far-infrared spectral index,etc.For exam-ple,samples of Seyferts are sometimes selected by their far-infrared spectral indices(eg.de Grijp et al1985,Heisler 1991).However,the dusty tori that are postulated to exist in Seyferts may have significant opacity even in the mid-infrared(e.g.NGC4945;Brock et al1988),so that only longer wavelength radiation(>50µm)can be assured of escaping directly.Theoretical models indicate that an increase in the inclination of a dust torus would cause a steepening of far-infrared spectral indices(eg.Pier&Kro-lik1993,Efstathiou&Rowan-Robinson1995)and this is consistent with observational data(Heisler et al.1998, Heisler,Lumsden&Bailey1997).These Seyfert samples would therefore be biased towards objects orientated at a particular range of inclinations.Similarly,galaxies are often classified as AGN or starburst(HII)based on their emission line ratios,following the empirical system devel-oped by Veilleux&Osterbrock(1987).However,galaxies often contain both AGN and starburst regions,thus strad-dling the empirical distinction between starburst and AGN (e.g.,Hill et al.1999;Kewley et al.2000a).Furthermore, if the nuclear regions are obscured by dust,the starburst component may dominate the observed optical spectrum, masking the AGN.The investigations by Hill et al.(1999) have also shown that low metallicity AGN have the poten-tial to be misclassified as starbursts.Finally,investigations using samples of galaxies can also be affected by Malmquist and other distance-dependent biases.For example,the de Grijp et al.(1985)sample has a bias towards warmer objects,and because most of them are close to the IRAS detection limit,the Seyfert1 galaxies selected tend to be slightly more distant and more luminous than the Seyfert2galaxies.It is therefore vital that we consider and eliminate as many of these biases as possible from the COLA sample. To avoid distance-dependent biases,we have selected a large initial sample of galaxies from the IRAS catalogue within a well-defined shell of distance(as given by their heliocentric velocity)and with a far-infrared(FIR)flux limit set sufficiently high for them to be detected easily at optical and radio wavelengths.We have then observedCOLA I-radio observations3these galaxies over a range of wavelengths(a)to determine which galaxies are AGN and(b)to measure orientation independent properties of the galaxies such as the total luminosity at radio and I-Band wavelengths and the total integrated CO luminosity.We will then select the AGN and non-AGN comparison sub-samples for further study, matching the non-AGN galaxies to the AGN galaxies using their orientation independent measures.For this study to be successful,we must establish our AGN selection criteria carefully.As discussed previously, AGN seem to possess a circumnuclear dusty disk or torus, which can obscur the nucleus along certain lines of sight. Thus,defining AGN on the basis of their IR-UV emission can easily introduce an orientation-dependent bias.Ad-ditionally,the optical spectral signature of an AGN can be dominated by circumnuclear star formation.These problems are avoided by observing at radio frequencies. The detection of a high brightness temperature(T>105 K)compact radio core is a strong indication of AGN ac-tivity(Norris et al.1990),and since the effect of dust is negligible at radio wavelengths,it is independent of orien-tation.AGN with such compact radio cores exhibit a ra-dio excess on the radio-FIR correlation(Roy et al.1998). Since the FIR emission is dominated by star-formation activity in the galaxy disk,a radio excess indicates that the AGN rather than the starburst dominates,at least at radio wavelengths,and should be sufficiently powerful to influence the circumnuclear regions of the host galaxy. We have therefore chosen to use the presence of a compact radio core as our principle diagnostic of nuclear activity.2.1.Sample Selection CriteriaThe COLA sample consists of all the objects in the IRAS catalogue with a heliocentric velocity,as given by Strauss et al.(1992),between3500and7000km/s(0.0117<z< 0.0234)and aflux at60µm,S60,>4Jy.This cut-offlimit was chosen as the well known FIR-radio correlation for galaxies indicates that a galaxy in the luminosity and red-shift range of this sample should have a13-cm radioflux in excess of10mJy(Roy et al.1998)and will therefore be detected easily at radio wavelengths with a total on-source integration time of5-6minutes.We further imposed the criterion that the galactic longitude|b|>10◦so that the far-infrared data are not confused by Galactic cirrus.The resulting sample contains217objects of which107have δ<0◦,i.e.are Southern Hemisphere objects. Choosing an appropriateflux limit for the detection of a compact radio core in an AGN is not quite so straight forward.An AGN may contribute any proportion of the total radioflux of a galaxy;for example,the contribu-tion of a weak AGN like that at the centre of our Galaxy would be undetectable in our sample whereas a radio-loud quasar would dominate the emission from the host galaxy. We cannot therefore distinguish cleanly between AGN and non-AGN galaxies,but must instead choose a threshold level of AGN activity above which the AGN is sufficiently dominant to influence with the host galaxy.The challenge is to choose this threshold in an unbiased way.For the Southern COLA sample,we have elected to set the detection limit of a compact core to be1.5mJy at13cm with0.05arcsec resolution(i.e.the ATCA-Tidbinbilla baseline on the Australian LBA).At thisflux level,our FIR selection criterion together with the radio-FIR cor-relation ensures that we will detect any radio core which emits at least15%of the radioflux expected from star for-mation activity.This detection threshold is well-matched to optical spectroscopic classification,since Kewley et al. (2000b)have shown the spectrum of a galaxy containing an AGN with15%of the luminosity of the starburst activ-ity in the galaxy would be spectroscopically classified as an AGN.We cannot,of course,rule out the existence of a very low-power AGN below our sensitivity limit.However, such objects are unlikely to dominate either our control sample or the energetics of the host galaxy in which they reside.The LBA observations are made at13cm wave-lengths(2.3GHz)because,although these objects are gen-erally brighter at longer wavelengths with a mean spectral index of∼0.7,free-free absorption(or synchrotron self-absorption)can reduce the observedflux at wavelengths from20cm above.2.2.Potential Sources of Bias2.2.1.The60µm Flux LimitImposing the FIRflux cut-offusing IRAS data results in the selected galaxies having FIR luminosities>1010.5 L⊙,significantly larger than for“normal”galaxies(e.g. the Shapely-Ames sample).Since there is a correlation between FIR luminosity and the60/100µm color it is to be expected that that galaxies in the COLA sample will be warmer than galaxies selected without an IR cut-off.This is indeed the case as the distribution of IRAS60/100µm color temperatures for the COLA sample shows that the COLA galaxies are,on average warmer than samples of “normal”galaxies(Fig.1).The high FIR luminosity of the COLA galaxies also re-sults in an enhanced fraction of interacting galaxies in our sample.For example,from V-band images obtained at the E.W.Fick Observatory,we estimate that out of a total of111Northern COLA galaxies,44(40%)are obviously involved in either tidal interaction or a major merger,and a further23(20%)are in apparently non-interacting,but often widely separated pairs(Appleton et al.,in prepara-tion).Finally,the IRAS telescope was only capable of resolv-ing emission from galaxies if they were separated by more than4arcminutes at100µm.Hence,in paired systems both galaxies are often within the IRAS beam.It is un-known whether either of the galaxies would have met the selection criterion if isolated and it is therefore impossible to determine whether this will introduce significant bias into our sample.2.2.2.Non-AGN coresObservations by Kewley et al.(2000a)of a sample of 61luminous infrared galaxies have revealed compact ra-dio cores(<0.1arcsec in diameter)in37%of galaxies classified as starburst from optical spectroscopic observa-tions and80%of the galaxies classified optically as AGN. The radio luminosity distribution of the compact cores was found to be bimodal with the compact cores in the star-burst galaxies tending to be less luminous(<104L⊙)than those detected in the AGN.Although the radio cores in these starburst galaxies could be obscured AGN,Kewley et al.concluded that they were more likely to be complexes4Corbett et al.of extremely luminous supernovae such as those seen in Arp220(Lonsdale,Smith&Lonsdale1993;Smith,Lons-dale&Lonsdale1998).We therefore need to avoid contaminating the COLA sample with such objects and detect only bonafide AGN. Detection of a compact core depends,of course,on its in-trinsic luminosity and redshift.With a detection limit of 1mJy and a resolution of0.1arcsec,the galaxies optically classified as starburst with compact cores make up less than15%(1/8)of the detected objects at a redshift> 0.01in the Kewley et al.sample.Given that the SNR candidates tend to have compact cores<104L⊙,corresponding to1.5mJy at the upper redshift limit of our sample(7000km s−1),raising the de-tection limit to1.5mJy for the COLA sample should re-duce the number of these objects in our sample.Addi-tionally,the increased resolution of the ATCA-Tidbinbilla LBA(0.05arcsec,equating to15pc at the lower limit of the redshift range of our sample)may resolve out some of the members of supernovae complexes,resulting in fewer SNR candidates being detected.We therefore believe that the LBA detections for the COLA galaxies will not be significantly contaminated by these putative complexes of supernovae.2.2.3.Relativistic BeamingUsing compact cores to define AGN activity does have some potential to introduce bias into the COLA sample. If,as is believed to be the case for the majority of objects (Ulvestad et al.1999,Mundell et al.2000),the compact radio cores observed in Seyferts are the base of a radio jet,relativistic beaming may introduce an orientation bias. The relativistic velocity of the particles in the jet will di-rect the majority of the emission along the jet axis and we are therefore more likely to detect Seyferts with radio jets aligned close to the line of sight than those in which the radio jet is perpendicular to the observer.In the context of AGN unification this would result in more cores being detected in Seyfert1s than Seyfert2s.Nagar et al.(2000) detected compact(<0.2arcsec)cores at15GHz in57% of their sample of Seyferts,LINERS and“transition ob-jects”(i.e.galaxies whose optical spectral line ratios lie on the AGN/starburst partition)and83%of the sources de-tected hadflat spectra,usually indicative of synchrotron self-absorption and often taken to mean that the jet axis is closely aligned to the line-of-sight.However,Roy et al.(2001)have shown that theseflat-spectrum cores are more likely to be caused by free-free absorption than by synchrotron self-absorption.Furthermore,Roy&Norris (1994)have found that in their survey of over200Seyfert galaxies,compact cores appeared to be more common in Sy2s than Sy1s.In fact there appears to be growing ev-idence that those radio jets observed in Seyferts are not relativistic(Ulvestad et al.1999),removing the possibility that Doppler boosting of the core emission will introduce an orientation bias to our sample.It therefore seems unlikely that relativistic beaming will cause a bias towards objects with jets close to the line of sight,but any evidence for a higher number of Seyfert1s than Seyfert2s in our survey,or a higher detection rate for compact cores inflat spectrum sources,would be a cause for concern.2.2.4.VariabilityIt is possible that the compact cores in our sources may be variable.In general,radio quiet galaxies are not highly variable at radio wavelengths,as is demonstrated by the repeated observations of well-known sources such as NGC1068,and the overall consistency of repeated ob-servations similar to those presented here by Roy et al. (1994),Kewley et al.(2000),and Norris et al.(2001). However,some examples of variability are known.For ex-ample,Wrobel(2000)found that the8.4GHzflux density of the central nucleus of the Seyfert1galaxy,NGC5548, varied by about∼50%over a period of4.1yr and33% over a period of41days at500mas and1250mas resolu-tion.This variability was reduced to19%at4.9GHz. NGC5548is well known as a highly variable Seyfert and it is unlikely that any of the sources in our survey will display such extreme behaviour.Falcke et al.(2000a,b)and Nagar et al.2000have conducted a study of the radio properties of two different sets of AGN.Thefirst group consisted of30objects se-lected as representative of the radio-quiet,radio-loud and radio intermediate classes of AGN.With a few exceptions the great majority of these objects have a varibility of less than10%(when normalised to take into account the measurement errors).Their second group of objects(Fal-cke et al.2000b)consisted of a sample of low luminosity, nearby AGN.They found that the incidence of variability in these objects was much higher than for thefirst sam-ple,although again the majority of the objects(∼55%) exhibited variability of25%or less.None of these objects exhibited variability of more than70%.Variability of20-50%in the compact cores of our galax-ies is unlikely to make a statistical difference to our sample as a whole.The worst possible scenario would be that an AGN would happen to have a coreflux below our detec-tion limit when we observed it,but this would only occur if the AGNflux was usually close to our detection limit,i.e 50%variability in a1.5mJy source might cause us to re-ject it should we observe it in a weak state whereas a4mJy compact source which exhibits the same level of variability would always be detected.We therefore believe that ra-dio variability will have little effect on the outcome of this study but we intend to return to some sources to check for significant variations.2.2.5.Free-free absorptionThe advantage of using radio observations to probe the nuclei of starburst and active galaxies is that radio waves are unaffected by the many magnitudes of extinction due to dust in the cores of these galaxies.However,radio waves are subject to free-free absorption by ionised gas along the line of sight.Generally,the densities of ionised gas are not sufficient to cause appreciable free-free absorption at cen-timeter wavelengths,but Condon et al.(1991)reported a deficit in radio emission of some starburst galaxies at1.49 GHz,which he interpreted in terms of free-free absorption. Free-free absorption has since been seen directly in VLBA images of Seyferts by Roy et al.(1999;2001).However,it is important to note that in no case did free-free absorp-tion render a Seyfert galaxy invisible to VLBI baselines. Instead,the free-free absorption covers only a part of the source in the images produced by Roy et al.,and in all ofCOLA I-radio observations5those cases the source would still be detectable by the ob-servations described here,although at a slightly lowerflux density than would be observed in the absence of free-free absorption.3.OBSERVATIONS3.1.ATCA observationsThe Australia Telescope Compact Array in the750con-figuration was used to obtain low resolution images of107 galaxies in our sample at4.8GHz,2.5GHz and1.4GHz (6-,13-and21-cm).Data from Antenna6(the6km tele-scope)were excluded and hence the largest baseline was 643m.This compact configuration was chosen so that the extended emission from the galaxies would be unresolved and thus the total integratedflux of the galaxies could be measured easily.The4.8GHz observations were con-ducted on1998June23using2IFs with a bandwidth of 132MHz and central frequencies of4.8GHz and4.93GHz respectively.The2.5GHz and1.4GHz observations were obtained simultaneously on1998July8-9&27-31witha bandwidth of132MHz at each frequency.Additional2.46GHz(132MHz bandwidth)observations of53sources were obtained in1998September19-20during our LBA observing program and were combined with the1998July data to improve the UV-coverage.The ATCA configuration gave a nominal beam diam-eter of10arcsec but,due to the difficulties involved in obtaining images of more than one hundred galaxies over a wide range of declinations,the beam was often highly ellipitical.Thus the major axis of the beam was often be-tween100-150arcsecs(40-60Kpc at the redshift range of our sample)at4.8GHz.The galaxies were typically observed for120s per scan at4.8GHz and80s at2.5GHz and1.4GHz.A total of6scans per source were taken at different hour angles. The primary calibrator was PKS1934-638and secondary calibrators were observed regularly at approximately20 minute intervals.The data were reduced and calibrated according to standard AIPS procedures and the central region containing the target was cleaned and mapped us-ing the CLEANfit algorithm,with no self calibration per-formed.The mean rms sensitivity was typically0.7mJy at4.8GHz,0.6mJy at2.5GHz and significantly larger at 1.4GHz cm(∼1mJy).At the resolution of the observations,the vast majority of the galaxies were point sources and hence theirflux den-sities were estimated byfitting a two dimensional Gaus-sian to the cleaned images and measuring the peak and integratedflux density.Sources were detected if the peak and/or integratedflux exceeded5times the RMS level of the map.3.2.Australian LBA Observations Snapshot observations of the southern COLA galaxies were obtained with the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA)to search for compact cores.The observations split into two observing runs with similar setups and separated by nearly two years.On1998September19&20,53 galaxies were observed at2.3GHz with an effective band-width of16MHz using the ATCA-Tidbinbilla telescopes. These telescopes form a566km baseline providing a0.05 arcsec fringe-spacing.Each target source was observed for between20∼24minutes,and only the right hand circular polarization state was obtained from the receivers.Phase calibrators,selected from Duncan et al.(1993)or the LBA calibrator source list,were observed for approximately10 minutes every4-8hours during the run.These were all objects known to have compact cores brighter<1Jy and believed to have little extendedflux.In2000July LBA ob-servations of the remaining COLA galaxies were obtained, again at2.3GHz with a16MHz bandwidth and this time both left and right polarisation data were collected.Due to scheduling constraints only42galaxies were observed with the ATCA-Tidbinbilla baseline with the remaining 12galaxies observed using the ATCA and Parkes tele-scopes,providing a baseline of321km(0.08arcsec reso-lution).There was an overlap period of5.5hrs when all three telescopes were used,but for consistency only the ATCA-Tidbinbilla baseline data,when available,are pre-sented.Four galaxies observed during the1998LBA run were re-observed in order to provide internal calibration of the two samples.For the ATCA-Tidbinbilla observations, the total on source integration time was25minutes and phase calibrators were observed for10minutes at intervals of3-4hours.For the ATCA-Parkes observations the total on source integration time was approximately45minutes with phase calibrators observed for10minutes at intervals of4-5hours.The observations were correlated using the ATNF S2 correlator and reduced in the standard fashion.To remove residual delays and phase errors,the fringes were searched in delay space using the AIPS procedure “FRING”(Schwab&Cotton1983).Fringe detections with a S/N ratio greater than5were then used to calibrate the delays via the AIPS procedure“CLCAL”,interpolat-ing between solutions with a low order polynomial.At this stage,the data were corrected forflux variations over the bandpass,but no absoulteflux calibration was applied. The frequency channels were then averaged spectrally and split into the individual sources.To determine whether a compact core had been detected,an AIPS pro-cedure called“FRPLOT”was used to plot the fringe rates of the data with a detection indicated by a large spike in flux close to the phase center.Each polarization and,in the case of those sources observed with all three telescopes, each baseline was examined separately.The totalflux of the detected compact cores was measured by averaging the visibility data so that bad data caused,e.g.by the tempo-rary loss of one antenna or delays in driving the telescope, could be detected by eye andflagged.The majority of fringe rate detections for both the tar-get sources and calibrators were found to be within2mHz of the phase center,but a few sources exhibit detection spikes up to17mHz from the zero-point.The main cause of this was a shift between the actual source position and the position for which the data had been correlated.For the1998run,the positions derived from IRAS measure-ments were used to set the phase centers and due to the uncertainty in these measurements it is not surprising that there was some discrepancy between the radio and the IR positions.Additionally it is also possible that the poly-nomialfit to the solutions from the fringefitting was not optimal and caused a slight shift.For the2000observa-tions,the source position measured from the4.8GHz radio。