B6U5 Grammar (2)

主动 主句主语为动作的发出者。
归纳 被动 主句主语为动作的承受者。
使用-ing形式需注意 的三个问题
分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面 加上 not, never等否定词构成。例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。 Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
二、动词 –ing形式的完成式 句型 主动 Having + p.p. …, 主语+谓语 被动 (Having been) + p.p. …, 主语+谓语
用法
1) –ing形式的完成式所表示的 时间在谓语动词之前 2) 表示被动可直接用过去分词 Having finished my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work, …)
用法
例句
让步 Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me . (= Though he knows where I live, …) 尽管他知道我的住处, 但从不来 看我。
用法
例句
伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。 结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area. (= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.) 在这个地方雨 下的如此大, 以至引发了洪灾。
总结:
完成式
V-ing
一般式
having done doing
表动作有先有后 表动作同时发生
举一反三 :
主动
被动
doing being done(少用) 一般式 ① V-ing having ②完成式 done having been done
用having been told /having told填空：
3. ________ C in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. to wait B. have waited C. having waited D. to have waited
归纳总结：
动词非谓语形式 中的一种， ◆动词-ing是 ________________ 谓语 单独使用时, 能在句中做除_________
之外的任何其他句子成分。如: 主语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。 主动 ◆在语态上，动词-ing表示 ________ (主动/被动的动作)。 正在进行 在时间上, 动词-ing一般表示 _________ (正在进行/已经完成)的动作。
Unit 5
Revising the use of
Grammar
–ing form
本课时重、难点
• 重点: ①动词-ing形式的作用 ②动词-ing形式在做状语时的作用 • 难点: 动词-ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别
根据所给的词填空, 并思考划线部分作用。 (1) This is aninteresting ___________(interest) book.( 定语) sitting (2) The man________(sit) by the window is our maths teacher. ( 定语 ) Seeing (3) _______(see) the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. ( 状语 ) walking (4) I saw the boy________(walk) on the street yesterday. ( 宾补 ) (5) Playing _______(play)football is his favorite sport. ( 主语 ) working 宾语 (6) I didn’t stop ________(work)last night.( (7) My work isteaching ________(teach)English.( 表语 )
Exercises
knowing 7. Not ____________(not know) how to do it, he asked the teacher for help. crossing 8. Be careful when ________(cross) the street. guiding 9. He__________(guide)the blind man, they walked slowly across the street. Being 10. ________(be) a student, I must study hard. Not having received 11.______________________(not receive) her reply, he decided to send another email to her. speaking 12.Generally __________(speak), boys are more active than girls in sports.
6.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert. （2006 湖南卷） A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
7. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table. （2006 湖北卷) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
一、动词-ing形式作状语 用法 例句
时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….) 在街上走的时候, 我遇到了玛丽。
用法
例句
原因 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, …) 因为疲倦, 我停下来休息。 条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, …) 向左走, 你就会找到那个学校。
解析：答案C。此处为现在分词的完成式 作时间状语，表明该动作发生在realized 之前。
4. _______ A such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered 解析：答案A。由already提示，分词动 作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成 式。
高考链接
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, B _______ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 解析：答案B。running away在此作 shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这 一动作。
2. The storm left, ________ a lot of damage D to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 解析：答案D。题意：暴雨过去了，只 留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上 下文逻辑意义看，此处应表示自然而然 的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。
to wait another day. Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.
固定结构：题的角度。例如:
Judging from his appearance, he must be a very healthy boy. Generally speaking, his answer is right. Considering everything, they did a good job.
用所给词的正确形式填空。 permitting 1.Time ____________(permit), I’ll see my Considering teacher.
2. ____________(consider) the reasons mentioned above, we should take effective thinking measures to protect our environment. 3. The leader stayed up all night,_________ (think)of whathad to do the next day. Having 4. _______________(have)a discussion, we Judging found the way to work out this math problem. 5. ____________(judge) from his appearance, he Having been criticized must be very rich. 6. ______________________(criticize) by his classmates, he didn’t go to the Internet bar to