细节题--
陕西中考英语阅读理解细之节理解题专题整理
中考英语专题整理之阅读理解细节题一、考情分析阅读理解是中考的必考题型,因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。
阅读理解题型有很多种,但命题角度来看,通常可以分为四种:细节理解题,推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。
细节题又叫细节认定题,该题型要求考生对文章中的特定细节或具体事实进行判断认定。
一般来说,此类题目多属直接解答性问题,是高考阅读的四个题型中难度最小的一种。
它的得分率相对较高,所占的比重较大,是我们做好阅读理解夺取高分的基础,应引起我们的特别注意,一定要把应得到的分数牢牢抓在手中。
细节题常见的提问方式有以下几种:1)针对文章的某一细节对具体内容提问2)针对文章的某一细节进行简单的计算。
3)针对文章的某一细节进行识图。
4)针对文章的某一细节进行排序。
5)针对文章的某一细节进行正、误判断。
从以上的提问方式我们可以看出,细节题针对文章某一细节进行提问,一般情况下答案可以在文中直接找到。
这就要求考生在解题时,在初步了解文章大意的基础上,能够根据问题迅速地抓住题干中的关键词,搜索相关信息,做出正确答案。
细节题做题“顺口溜”读题干、找关键、回文章、寻定位、同意替换即答案。
细节理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力,内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等,属于浅层次的理解题,难度较低。
同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,发现文章中的细节信息,然后遵循由整体到细节的原则,把握作者的思路,按全文——段落——词语的步骤来解题。
初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。
对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查,主要采用的方式就是细节判断。
细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。
这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。
阅读最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。
对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查,主要采用的方式就是细节判断。
专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)(解析版)
专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)目录考点阅读理解之细节理解题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向1 考查直接信息题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向2 考查间接信息题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页考向3 考查数字计算题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页1.命题规律--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页2.细节题的设题方式-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页3.常用的解题方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页4.阅读理解之细节理解题的解题关键-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页5.细节理解题的实用技巧---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向1 考查直接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向2 考查间接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页预测考向3 考查数字计算题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17页考点 阅读理解之细节理解题考情分析:分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解细节理解题考向分布。
高考细节分析题
细节分析题A.语法类错误:1. 张冠李戴、是非颠倒2. 偷换概念、以偏概全、或然与必然、未然与依然注意:此类错误重在某一句子成分上出现问题张冠李戴原文:上世纪80年代出土的平民墓葬中,有随葬品的均为爵、觚等酒器。
商代酒器最简单的组合是一爵一觚。
现代考古学家认为,这种酒器之所以命名为“爵”,是由于它的造型像一只雀鸟,前面有流,好像雀啄,后面有尾,腹下还有细长的足,而古代爵与雀同音通用。
选项:现代考古学家认为,商代酒器最简单的组合是一爵一觚。
“爵”的造型像一只鸟雀,而古代“爵”与“雀”同音通用,因此名“爵”。
是非颠倒原文:中国人的这种思考智慧无法由直觉直接获得,必须有一定深度的哲学探讨”。
选项:中国人的思考智慧由直觉获得,缺少有深度的哲学探讨。
偷换概念原文(春秋战国)那是个讲究谋略的阳谋时代,所以智慧丛生色彩斑斓;那是个本色人生的时代,所以仕学争鸣侠隐飘逸,摇唇鼓舌皆成风流;那是个实力竞争的时代,所以强国富民为本,虚伪的文过饰非的理论无法泛滥;那是个深刻思索、创造思想、成就学问、铸造精神的时代,是中华文化的原生代,所以出现了学术思想百家争鸣的灿烂辉煌的景象。
选项:春秋战国时代是一个崇尚实力的时代,重视强国富民,追求竞争优势,所以,那些虚伪的文过饰非的理论没有产生的土壤以偏概全原文:“西来说”,多是外国学者提出,而其主要支持力量也来自于中国域外,他们对于中国文化的认识恐怕不会比中国本土的多数学者深厚,多数也未亲见国内有关文明起源的第一手考古材料,学说建立的基础也难免不扎实。
选项:“西来说”的赞同者多是外国人,他们未亲见国内有关文明起源的第一手考古材料,而且对中国文化的认识恐怕没有中国本土的多数学者深厚。
或然与必然原文:考古学家张光直在《商代的巫与巫术》中提出:“酒是一方面供祖先神祇享用,一方面也可能是供巫师饮用以达到通神的精神状态。
”可见早期的祭祀离不开酒,而祭祀时候的饮酒也有特别的规定,一般先由巫师或祭司饮酒,传达神灵的旨意。
阅读题型和答题方法
阅读题型和答题方法阅读题型和答题方法阅读题型是指在阅读理解中常见的题目类型,包括主旨题、细节题、推理题、观点题、态度题等。
针对不同的题型,我们可以采取一些答题方法来提高解题效率。
1. 主旨题:主要考察文章的中心思想。
解答主旨题时,可以通过阅读首尾段、段落开头和结尾句来确定文章的中心思想。
关注作者的观点、态度和意图,找出文章的核心主题。
2. 细节题:要求从文章中找出具体的信息细节。
解答细节题时,需要仔细阅读相关段落,注意文章中的数字、日期、名称等具体细节。
如果有必要,可以在阅读过程中划线或做笔记,以便在回答问题时能够快速找到相关信息。
3. 推理题:要求根据文章中的信息进行推理判断。
解答推理题时,需要将文章中的隐含信息与已有的知识进行联系,进行逻辑推理。
注意文章中的因果关系、转折关系、比较关系等,从而得出正确的推理结论。
4. 观点题:要求理解作者的观点或态度。
解答观点题时,需要注意作者在文章中的表达方式和用词选择,以及作者对待问题的态度和观点。
可以通过寻找关键词、情感词和修辞手法来判断作者的观点。
5. 态度题:要求理解文章中的态度或情感色彩。
解答态度题时,需要关注作者对于所述事物的情感态度,包括赞扬、批评、中立等。
注意文章中的情感词、修辞手法以及语气的变化,从而判断作者的态度。
为了提高解题效率,我们还可以采取一些策略:1. 先读题后读文:在阅读文章之前,先快速浏览一遍题目,了解问题的要求和重点,这样在阅读文章时可以有目地地寻找相关信息。
2. 找准定位点:对于细节题,需要找准定位点,即文章中与题目相关的句子或段落。
可以通过关键词、指代词等进行定位。
3. 多练习多积累:通过多做阅读理解题,积累解题经验和技巧。
可以选择不同难度和题型的文章进行练习,并总结解题思路和方法。
总之,掌握不同题型的解题方法,结合阅读技巧和积累,可以在阅读理解中更加准确和高效地回答问题。
事实细节题
(一)事实细节题1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least. Q:According to the passage, people wearing uniforms_____.A are usually helpedB have little or no individual freedomC tend to lose their individualityD enjoy greater popularity2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with isthat____.A their social roles are rigidly determinedB most boys would like to follow their fathers professionsC boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersD they like challenging activities3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy(吝啬的)taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.[A]mainly by the state government [B]exclusively by the local government[C]by the National Education Association [D]by both the local and state government4. ... It was hard to lift her. She was just out. Buthe managed to raise her the four feet to the platform sothat bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag heraway from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held herhand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the bloodpouring from her head. And she tried to talk but shecouldn’t, and that was when she realized how much painshe was in.Q: When did Lisa become conscious again?A. When the train was leaving.B. After she was back on the platform.C. After the police and fire officials came.D. When a man was cleaning the blood from herhead.5.Wildlife watching also creates satisfyingmemories. We have seen hundreds of the elk andbighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse asense of wonder. And the rare spotting of acougar, wolf or woodland caribou takes our breath away. (2009上海)Q: Which of the following is true according to thepassage?A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among localpeople.B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.C. Travellers should bring their own sports equipment.D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.6. It is not too much to say of him, as RobertSchumann did, that “music owes as much to Bach asChristianity to its Founder ”.Bach wrote a library of music as incomparable forits extensiveness as for its artistic merit....Q: The words “music owes as much as to Bach asChristianity to its Founder”implies BachA. is a music geniusB. is among the founders of musicC. has made extremely important contribution to theart of musicD. is the god of music to music-lovers7. Coming in a close second—and oftenwrongly mentioned as the most distant land—is EasterIsland, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearestneighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island wassettled around the 5th century, supposedly by peoplewho were lost at sea. They had no connection with theoutside world for more than a thousand years, givingthem plenty of time to build more than 1,000 hugestone figures, called moai , for which the island is mostfamous.Q: Which of the following is most famous formoai?A. Tristan da Cunha.B. Pitcairn Island.C. Easter Island.D. St. Helena.8. The well-mannered Englishman at table holds and keeps his knife in his right hand, his fork in the left, cuts his meat and presses his vegetables into his fork. The well-mannered American first cuts up all his meat, then places his knife down on the right of his plate. Takes his fork in his right hand and with his fork lifts the food to the mouth. He will have coffee half way through his dinner before the pudding. The Englishman drinks his coffee after the dinner. And, of course, Americans are coffee-drinkers rather than tea-drinkers. The Englishman would be shocked at the American’s idea of how tea should be made.Q: A well-mannered American _______ .A holds his knife in his right hand all the time at tableB doesn’t use a knife during his mealsC places his knife down on the right of his handD uses his knife only once during his dinner9. There are 5 categories. A category 1 storm has winds of about 120 to 150 kilometers an hour. It can damage trees and lightweight structures. Wind speeds in a category 2 hurricane can reach close to 180 kilometers an hour. These storms are often powerul enough to break windows or blow the roof of a house. Winds between about 180 and 250 kilometers an hour represent categories 3 and 4. Anything even more powerful is a category 5 hurricane. The researchers say that about 35% of all hurricanes in the past ten years were category 4 or 5.Q: If a hurricane makes some of the houses in a coastal village fall down, it is at least ahurricane.A category 2B category 3C category 4D category 510. Noisy confrontations (冲突) between hunters and saboteurs (阴谋破坏者) have become socommon that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the game of running after foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger danger to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to agree on a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.Q: A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to _______ .A ban farmers from hunting foxesB forbid hunting foxes with dogsC stop hunting wild animals in the countrysideD prevent large-scale fox hunting(二)推断题细节推断题; 人物性格、态度及观点判断题; 预测想象推理题; 写作意图推测题.推断示例:1.The young man quickly answered, “Yes, sir”.2.“Lots of people think I’m just a green kid. I’ll show them”.3.When the phone finally rang, he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.4.The old man staggered (摇摇晃晃地走) along the sidewalk. He grabbed at the picket fence tokeep form falling. His torn gray overcoat swayed open in the winter wind.练习:1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.Q: Why do people put hot metal in water?A. To make it hard.B. To make it soft.C. To make it cool.D. To make it brittle. Q: As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.2. A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,” Go and ask the native in the di stance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island."Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure? Q: According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may betrue.Q: The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth.D. He can't be telling the truth.3. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,”Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"Q: The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.A. she was youngB. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautifulD. it strange for her to fall in love with himQ: The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.A. she lived near his houseB. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with himD. she loved him very much4. The U.S. government has misplaced the original recording of the first moon landing,including astronaut Neil Armstrong’s famous“one small step for man,one giant leap for mankind”.Armstrong’s famous space walk,seen by millions of viewers on July 20,1969,is among the transmissions(电台广播)that NASA has failed to turn up after a year of searching.The tapes also contain data about the health of the astronauts and the condition of the spacecraft.In all,some 700 boxes of transmissions from the Apollo lunar missions are missing.“We haven’t seen them for quite a while.We’ve been looking for over a year and they haven’t turned up.I wouldn’t say we’re worried —we’ve got all the data.Everything on the tapes we have in one form or another,”Hautaloma said.NASA has kept copies of the television broadcasts and offers several clips(剪辑)on its website,but those images are of lower quality than the original ones stored on the missing magnetic tapes.BecauseNASA’s equipment was not compatible(兼容的)with TV technology of the day,the original transmissions had to be displayed on a monitor and re-shot by a TV camera for broadcast.It is possible that the tapes will be unplayable even if they are found,because they have degraded significantly over the years —a problem common to magnetic tapes and other types of recordable media.The material was held by the National Archives(档案馆)but returned to NASA some time in the late 1970s.“We’re looking for paperwork to see where they were last,”Hautaloma said.Q: It can be inferred from the text that .A.700 boxes of trans missions are about the spacecraftB.NASA has no material from the lost informationC.the original recording got lost at NASAD.the original transmissions can’t be displayed5. For many years scientists have believed that the first animals on land developed gradually from fish around 360 million years ago.Now they have proof that our limbs came from fins(鳍)following an amazing discovery of a fossil by the United States fossil(化石)hunters that shows a link between fish and land animals.Fossils of a creature,which is thought to have come out of the water about 375 million years ago,have been found on an island in Canada.The creature has been nicknamed Fishapod,although its proper name is Tiktaalik,which means“large fish in a stream”in the local Inuit language.Tom Brown,a specialist who studies fossils,and his colleagues spent six years exploring the Canadian Arctic for the missing link between fish and land animals.Many fossil hunters believe that some fish developed legs while they were still in the water.The Fishapod seems to prove this theory because it is a strange combination of a fish and a tetrapod.The creature had scales and fins like a fish but a neck and a flat head that looked more like that of a crocodile(鳄鱼).It appears to have gills(腮)and basic lungs.Its front limbs bend just like arms.It is thought that the Fishapod may have pushed itself out of the water with its legs to breathe air.Brown said that his finding opens a remarkable new window on one of the major events of the history of life on Earth.Q:We can infer from the text that a tetrapod is an animal that .A.could swim in water B.could fly in the air C.had four feet or legs D.ate fish 6. I once took a wonderful vacation in Italy.On the bus tour I gave away some of our newspapers.A woman named Florence came up to me and said,“Do you understand what the two of you are talking about in your newspaper?It happened to me.Do you want to hear about it?”I said that I did.The following was her story.“It was a black cat that helped me find myself again.When my husband died young,I was very upset.I took a job as a teacher.The job didn’t work out and I felt down.I knew I needed a change,but what?I decided that I wanted a black cat,just like the black cat,Duke,I had in childhood.Duke was part of my family.One day we were driving on our summer vacation.The windows of the car were open,and Duke jumped out of the car and disappeared.After hours of searching,my dad said,‘Let’s go back to the house so that we can start out really early tomorrow morning to look for Duke.We drove twenty miles back to the house.As we approached,there was Duke,sitting on the front porch looking at the door.He had walked twenty miles while we were looking for him.He knew where he was going.So,that’s the story of Duke.I guess I had to find that memory from my past to get myself back.A friend found a black cat for me.As I held it,I knew that it was love.From that day forward,I felt that my life was good again.I found myself again.I felt more sure of myself.I don’t think a lot of people could understand how a cat helped me that much,but now having read your newspaper,I wanted to share this with you.”I was very moved by Florence’s story of her cat.Indeed,the positive memories from our childhood are extremely important,not only for recovering positive states of well being,but for giving us a sense of self-esteem.Q:From the text,we can infer that .A.Duke had also helped Florence go through a hard-ship beforeB.the place where Florence’s family had vacation was 20 miles awayC.the newspaper had reported a story how a cat helped peopleD.the positive memories in one’s childhood can change many negative effects7. If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but ..." what follows that "but" can make the apology ineffective. "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you are upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of recognizing a specific act that was particularly hurtful, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not make any sense.These false apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not voice these false apologies.But even when presented with examples of really being sorry, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that taking the biscuit without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.Q: According to the author, saying "I'm sorry you are upset" most probably means ______ .A you have good reason to get upsetB i know you are upset, but I'm not to blameC i apologize for hurting your feelingsD I'm at fault for making you upsetQ: We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _______.A their apologies should be persuasiveB their ages should be taken into considerationC parents need to set them a good exampleD parents should be patient and honestQ: It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _______.A a social problem calling for immediate attentionB not necessary among family membersC a sign of social progressD not as simple as it seems8. I spend half my life with my mother and the other half with my father. My father lives with a twenty-pound cat named To-fu. He called me his favorite daughter. I am an only child.My father's apartment is quite different from any other person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture. From my father's studio window, you can see s large part of San Francisco. I like to watch the colors change in the bay when the sun is setting. All the walls are white, and framed posters of my father's last three books hang side by side. He spends a lot of time lying on the studio floor. That's how he thinks. Then he does yoga. He has a big kitchen, and on the top of the fridge is an old clock he winds every week for good luck. The last time the clock stooped, my father's car was towed, so he has become very superstitious.My father has set lots of house rules. You have to take off your shoes when you come in. He won't allow anyone who wears a baseball cap into his house. "House rule No. 579, no television programs with laugh tracks!" he will say. Every time i go to stay at his house, he makes up a new rule. But then he can neverremember the numbers, so they change constantly.The rule that he always emphasizes is the one that requires me to write a two-page essay anytime i want something. He didn't speak English until he was 16, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age. This started when i asked him if i could have my ears pierced when i was nine. He told me i could persuade him in writing why i wanted holes in my ears, maybe he would say ok. I wrote my first essay for my father, and after one month of writing and rewriting, he finally gave me his permission.Q: From the last paragraph we learn that the writer's father _______.A was born in the United StatesB was good at learning languagesC was a good writer at an early ageD knows more than one languageQ: We can infer from the passage that ________.A an old clock relates to one's luckB the writer stays with her father moreC the writer's parents are separatedD her father likes the holes in her ears。
细节理解型题目练习题
1. 我们今天所依循的谈论中国古代绘画的文字全都出自中国文人之手,也正因为如此,中国文人已长期主宰了绘画讨论的空间,他们已惯于从自己的着眼点出发,选择对于文人艺术家有利的观点。
而如今——或许早该如此——已是我们对他们提出抗衡的时候了,并且也应该质疑他们眼中所谓的好画家或好作品。
许多优秀的非文人艺术家都因为文人的偏见而未能获得应有的认可,在此,我们应该一一重新给予他们客观的评价和应有的地位。
下列说法与原文相符的是:A.文人艺术家的鉴赏水平落后于他们的创作水平B.古代很多有才华的文人艺术家因偏见而被埋没C.文人在中国绘画理论领域长期居于强势地位D.古代文人画与非文人画的趣味分歧由来已久2. 从我国古代文献看,商代甲骨文中已有“稻”字出现,在《诗经》中已将黍、稻并提。
春秋以前,因我国北方种稻量少,水稻被列为五谷之末,如“禾、稷、菽、麦、稻”;而至宋代,便因种植数量多而升至五谷之首了,民间更流传着“苏湖熟、天下足”的说法;到了明代,更有天下谷类“稻居什七”之说,稻米成为我国的主要粮食。
下列说法与原文相符的是:A.水稻从商代开始种植B.春秋时期北方不产水稻C.宋代人以稻米为主要粮食D.水稻在我国古代长期为五谷之一3. 一战后,不仅仅是自然科学,德国整个学术文化都呈现出一片繁荣景象。
海德格尔在哲学史上的地位无需赘述,马克斯·韦伯名震整部社会科学史,施密特是影响现代宪政最重要的人物之一;心理学方面,格式塔学派也悄然兴起;在文学上,霍普特曼和托马斯·曼两位诺贝尔奖得主双星闪耀,雷马克的《西线无战事》是上个世纪最有名的作品之一;戏剧、电影和音乐亦都是迅速进入黄金时代,风格变得迷人而多样化。
德国似乎要把它在政治和经济上所失去的,从科学和文化上赢回来。
对于当时内外交困,14年间更迭了多次内阁的政权来说,这样的繁荣也算是一个小小的奇迹。
下列说法与这段文字相符的是:A.一战后德国在学术文化方面引领世界B.学术文化和政治经济的发展不一定是同步的C.德国政府历来十分重视科技的发展与进步D.自然科学与社会科学的发展往往是相互促进的4. 近日,英国剑桥大学医学院癌症研究所和美国冷泉港实验室的科学家宣布,他们在独立进行的研究活动中,从多种人体癌细胞中分离出了单独的基因,通过大量实验证明了这些基因可以使人体正常的健康细胞发生癌变。
阅读理解五大类型题详解+
阅读理解五大类型题详解四级阅读考查的题型主要是细节题,另外还会涉及态度题,主旨题,推理题,结论观点题,词汇题等。
各类题型表现形式不同,考查重点各异,解题方法有别。
1、细节题(1)、细节题表现形式这类题在四级考试中题量较大,占到60%——70%的题量,可以说是四级考试成败的关键这类题特点是题干的信息比较具体,考查文章中的重要细节。
(2)、细节题解题方法细节题考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。
由于考试时间非常紧张,对于考生来说,做好细节题,首先是要在原文找到相关信息。
正是由于这点,我们看文章需要目的。
有同学先看文章再做题,导致做题时还得回去在文章中寻找相关内容,或者干脆凭着对文章的主观印象匆忙求解,结果是浪费时间或者错误较多。
建议考生先看题干再看文章,这样就会有方向感,目的感。
所以,细节题的重要做题方法就是:先看题干,再看原文,带着题干个别的特有信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位。
(3)、细节题注意点考生做细节题时,要注意合理但不正确的选项。
很多考生在做题时,忽视了题目与原文的联系,凭着合理性的主观猜想选择答案。
结果很多考生感觉做得很好,但对答案时发现错了很多。
另外,很多表示程度、范围、频率等的副词或形容词可能会导致选项错误2、态度题(1)、态度题表现形式态度题一般提问方式是:The author’s attitude towards ┄is _____.或者是Whatis the author’s attitude towards ┄?(2)、态度题解题方法从原则上来讲,态度题可以考查作者对一个中心话题的看法,也可以考查作者对某一具体细节的态度,但是从历年考法来看,四级阅读更加注重考查文章中心话题。
所以,态度题经常可以通过文章主题来判断作者的态度。
全文首句可以体现文章讨论的中心话题,它明确道出了作者的观点(3)、态度题注意点考生应该熟练掌握在态度题中经常出现的单词,如positive, negative, optimistic, pessimistic, approving, concerned, objective, compromise等。
高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(01)讲义
一、高考英语细节题考察概况:1.宏观考察概况:细节理解题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。
细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右,是最重要的得分点。
2.微观考察概况:(1)设问方式特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节,或就文中的数字进行提问。
(2)考察规律①正确选项特征A.同义替换(原句重复出现,200%错。
正确的都是有改动的,即同义替换。
)(1)替换关键词。
把原文的关键词进行同义替换,如把lose one's job换成了be out of occupation(2)改变词性。
把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性,如把so much important变换成of importance(3)改变语态。
把原文主动语态转为被动语态,如restoring and repairing the bridge变换成the bridge was restoring and reparing.B.信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息; 正确答案具有概括性(考察考生的理解归纳能力),深刻性,因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
C.正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项比如说:I constantly remained confused about the learning predicament.我一直对学习的困境感到困惑。
②干扰选项特征A.张冠李戴,无中生有B.曲解文意,答非所问C.颠倒是非,因果倒置,无原因推导(过度推断)D.正误参半,盲目推断,正反混淆二、高考英语阅读细节题三步法:第一步,初步读题干,弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向第二步,迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词,反义词或者解释性信息,最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系(因果,递进,解释,转折,对比,比较等关系)第三步,利用正确选项特点,确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息,关注变换原文语态词性或词形,简化或概括原文,正话反说)三、高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练1.What do we know about Astro Access?A. It redesigns jet airplanes.B. It offers weightlessness experience.C. It provides physical treatmentD. It hires the disabled to be astronauts第一步,初步读题干,弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1.What do we know about Astro Access?我们对星际通道了解多少?问的角度是什么what;对象是星际通道第二步,迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词,反义词或者解释性信息,最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系(因果,递进,解释,转折,对比,比较等关系)Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero Gravity flight, organized by the group Astro Access. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space. Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified 747 jet airplane made 15 steep dives and climbs, allowing the flyers multiple periods of weightlessness.The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. “The flight was something that I would never have experienced in my wildest dreams," she says, “especially the floating the weightlessness.原词对应:weightlessness(失重;无重状态);experience(体验);由于这段话没有出现转折连接词,所以判断这个段落各个句子的逻辑关系是顺承关系段落翻译:Mazyck是由Astro Access组织的零重力飞行的12名参与者之一。
细节理解题
细节理解题一、什么是细节理解题?细节理解题是指通过文段内容判断四个选项是否正确。
常见提问方式主要有:1.文段没有涉及的是/文段有所涉及的是......2.以下说法与原文相符的是/以下说法与原文不符的是......3.对这段文字理解正确的是/对这段文字理解有误的是......4.下列说法正确的是/下列说法不正确的是......二、解题方法是什么?解题原则:以选项为导向,结合排除法,一一验证第一步,信息预判:确定题干或选项的重要信息。
一般以下几个信息比较重要:①数据信息:确定性词语与模糊性词语;②时态信息:过去时、现在时、将来时;③程度信息:可能性词语、必然性词语;④逻辑关系信息。
第二步,选项定位:排除常见错误选项。
常见错误有:无中生有、改变逻辑关系、偷换概念。
学完解题方法,我们来做道真题来运用下吧:【经典真题】当前,对于大部分消费者来说,智能化家居产品既熟悉又陌生,很多人的概念还停留在电动窗帘或别墅防盗系统。
从技术层面来说一键控制、远程遥控、感应人体、自动开启这些电影里才出现的产品如今并非“高科技”,但由于价格昂贵等原因,智能家居并未普及。
根据这段文字,以下说法正确的是( )A.智能化已成为家居业未来的发展方向B.目前技术上实现智能家居已无屏障C.普及智能家居必须降低生产成本D.智能家居的概念模糊影响其普及程度【例1】(2019国考副省级46题)全球过度使用或滥用抗生素,导致耐药微生物正在成为传统抗生素产业的死敌。
寻求这一困境的破解之道,是全球抗生素科学家的研发重点,也将决定未来医药产业发展的重点和方向。
信息菌素作为一种新型抗生素,具有全新的杀菌机制,通过在细菌的细胞膜上形成一个致死性离子通道,让细菌内容物泄漏、能量耗竭,从而杀死细菌。
凡是具有脂质双分子生物膜的微生物都逃避不了这种杀伤。
信息菌素具有安全、杀菌效果强、不易产生耐药性等优点,杀菌效率是目前常规抗生素的数百倍甚至数万倍。
根据这段文字,下列说法正确的是:A. 信息菌素与常规抗生素的杀菌机制类似B. 传统抗生素难以穿透脂质双分子生物膜C. 信息菌素对特定微生物有致命的杀伤力D. 过度使用信息菌素会产生耐药性的问题【解析】正确选项C。
(完整版)“细节描写”练习题
巧用细节描写,增添作文神韵--细节描写写作指导【学习目标】1、欣赏经典细节描写,总结细节描写方法.2、进行细节写作训练,提高细节描写能力。
【什么是细节描写】细节描写就是在文学创作中,把对表现人物和情节有特殊作用的细微语言、动作、表情、景物等进行准确、细致、生动的描写,使读者“如见其人”“如睹其物”“如临其境”。
【回顾经典,领悟方法】现场一:韩麦尔先生的身边忽然教堂的钟敲了十二下。
祈祷的钟声也响了。
窗外又传来普鲁士兵的号声——他们已经收操了。
韩麦尔先生站起来,脸色惨白,我觉得他从来没有这么高大.“我的朋友们啊,”他说________“我——我——”但是他哽住了,他说不下去了.他转身朝着黑板,拿起一支粉笔,使出全身的力量,写了两个大字________“法兰西万岁!"然后他呆在那儿,头靠着墙壁,话也不说,只向我们做了一个手势________“散学了,——你们走吧.”方法小结:现场二:百草园不必说碧绿的菜畦,光滑的石井栏,高大的皂荚树,紫红的桑椹;也不必说鸣蝉在树叶里长吟,肥胖的黄蜂伏在菜花上,轻捷的叫天子(云雀)忽然从草间直窜向云霄里去了。
单是周围的短短的泥墙根一带,就有无限趣味。
油蛉在这里低唱,蟋蟀们在这里弹琴。
翻开断砖来,有时会遇见蜈蚣;还有斑蝥,倘若用手指按住它的脊梁,便会拍的一声,从后窍喷出一阵烟雾。
何首乌藤和木莲藤缠络着,木莲有莲房一般的果实,何首乌有拥肿的根。
有人说,何首乌根是有象人形的,吃了便可以成仙,我于是常常拔它起来,牵连不断地拔起来,也曾因此弄坏了泥墙,却从来没有见过有一块根象人样。
如果不怕刺,还可以摘到覆盆子,象小珊瑚珠攒成的小球,又酸又甜,色味都比桑椹要好得远.方法小结:现场三:凡卡写信凡卡把那张写满字的纸折成四折,装进一个信封里,那个信封是前一天晚上花一个戈比买的.他想了一想,蘸一蘸墨水,写上地址:“乡下爷爷收”然后他抓抓脑袋,再想一想,添上几个字:“康斯坦丁·玛卡里奇”现场四:猪八戒吃西瓜他看着这个绿油油的大西瓜,嘴里直流口水。
完整高考英语阅读理解细节理解类型题
1.题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。
一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。
)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键,也是做好其他类型问题的基础。
这类题型的题干常为:When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct?Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true EXCEPT…该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。
所以,搜查信息在阅读中非常重要,它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。
在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
做这类题一般采用寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。
2.解题思路与应试技巧细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。
通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征:(1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。
把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。
(2)词性或者语态的变化。
把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障碍。
专题13-阅读之细节理解题(原卷版)-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过
一、识别细节理解题;
二、细节题解题方法;
考向一
识别细节理解题
【典例】
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When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
(2)划出关键词。如:
1.Why didDr. Minorrefuse to visitOxford?
大写字母开头的词(人名、地名)
2.TheTVads ofSparrow______.
大写字母开头的词(专有名词、人名)
人物细节描写作文题
人物细节描写作文题1、他胖乎乎的脸上,长着一对调皮的大眼睛,眼帘忽闪忽闪的,那两颗像黑宝石似的大眼珠只要一转,鬼点子就來了。
在他那黝黑的脸上,不论是那鼓鼓的腮帮,还是那薄薄的嘴唇,或者那微微翅起的小鼻尖,都使你感到滑稽逗人。
2、两个大的眼窝里,藏着两颗乌黑闪亮的珍珠,珍珠上的水越蕴越多,越蕴越饱,终于夺眶而出,流过她的面颊,就像露珠在荷花上滚动一样。
3、我的心里忐忑不安,生怕老师公布出我的分数,我把头轻轻地了下去,目光躲闪着,脑袋像过电影一样过着妈妈知道分数后那生气和失望的表情,可是,我还是让她失望了,这己经不是第一次了……妈妈,你不要生气……作家李准曾经说过:没有细节就不可能有艺术作品。
细致入微的细节描写塑造形象,达到典型化的重要手段。
具体地说,细节描写就是对事物的基本组成单位进行刻画,如对人物的一举一动、事物发展的具体环节、环境中的细小物体进行细致描墓。
好的细节描写“借一斑略知全貌,以一目尽传精神”(鲁迅语),它可以起到画龙点睛的作用,也是文章的重要组成部分。
细节描写的作用有:塑造人物性格,渲染环境、烘托气氛,结构全篇, 深化主题。
那么,怎样进行细节描写呢?一、描写景物耍细致入微在写景之前,要对写作对象作细致的观察,抓住景物主要特征,做到细致入微,生动传神。
换句话说,就是要做到写什么像什么,写出此物不同于彼物的独到之处,把景物写“活”,这样才能给读者留下具体可感而乂生动鲜明的印象。
例如《孔乙己》中孔乙己最后一次出场时:“中秋过后,秋风是一天凉比一天”,鲁迅先生通过对“秋风”的描写,渲染了悲凉的气氛,为孔乙己悲剧性的结局涂上了浓抹重彩的一笔。
再看朱口清《荷塘月色》中月光下的荷塘:“曲曲折折的荷塘上面,弥望的是mm的叶子。
叶子出水很高,像亭亭的舞女的裙。
层层的叶子中间,零星地点缀着一些白花,有袅娜地开着的,有羞涩地打着朵儿的:正如一粒粒的明珠,乂如碧夭里的星星,乂如刚出浴的美人。
微风过处,送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。
“细节描写”练习题
巧用细节形貌,删加做文神韵之阳早格格创做——细节形貌写做指挥【教习目标】1、欣赏典范细节形貌,归纳细节形貌要收.2、举止细节写做锻炼,普及细节形貌本收.【什么是细节形貌】细节形貌便是正在文教创做中,把对于表示人物战情节有特殊效率的细微谈话、动做、表情、风景等举止准确、精致、死动的形貌,使读者“如睹其人”“如睹其物”“如临其境”.【回瞅典范,收会要收】现场一:韩麦我先死的身边忽然教堂的钟敲了十二下.祈祷的钟声也响了.窗中又传去普鲁士兵的号声——他们已经支操了.韩麦我先死站起去,表情惨黑,我感触他从去不那样下大.“我的伙陪们啊,”他道________“我——我——”然而是他哽住了,他道不下去了.他转身往着黑板,拿起一支粉笔,使出齐身的力量,写了二个大字________“法兰西万岁!”而后他呆正在那女,头靠着墙壁,话也不道,只背咱们搞了一个脚势________“集教了,——您们走吧.”要收小结:现场二:百草园不必道碧绿的菜畦,光润的石井栏,下大的黑荚树,紫黑的桑椹;也不必道鸣蝉正在树叶里少吟,肥肥的黄蜂伏正在菜花上,沉捷的喊天子(云雀)忽然从草间直窜背云霄里去了.单是周围的短短的泥墙根一戴,便有无限趣味.油蛉正在那里矮唱,蟋蟀们正在那里奏琴.翻启断砖去,奇我会逢睹蜈蚣;另有斑蝥,倘若用脚指按住它的脊梁,便会拍的一声,从后窍喷出一阵烟雾.何尾黑藤战木莲藤缠络着,木莲有莲房普遍的果真,何尾黑有拥肿的根.有人道,何尾黑根是有象人形的,吃了即不妨成仙,我于是常常拔它起去,牵连不竭天拔起去,也曾果此弄坏了泥墙,却从去不睹过有一齐根象人样.如果不怕刺,还不妨戴到覆盆子,象小珊瑚珠攒成的小球,又酸又苦,色味皆比桑椹要佳得近. 要收小结:现场三:凡是卡写疑凡是卡把那弛写谦字的纸合成四合,拆进一个疑启里,那个疑启是前一天早上花一个戈比购的.他念了一念,蘸一蘸朱火,写上天面:“城下爷爷支”而后他抓抓头颅,再念一念,加上几个字:“康斯坦丁·玛卡里奇”现场四:猪八戒吃西瓜他瞅着那个绿油油的大西瓜,嘴里直流心火.他忍不住举起刀去,把西瓜切成四块.一边又道:“师女!我把那瓜切成四块,我先吃自己的一齐,也道得往日.”道着拿起一齐,大吃起去……“一齐瓜不解渴,我再把猴子的一齐吃了吧!”道着,又咬了一心.“西瓜真解渴,再吃一齐不算多,我把沙战尚的一齐也吃了吧.”于是他左一心左一心,一会二块西瓜齐下肚了.那下只留住唐僧的一齐了.他捧起去,又搁下去,搁下去,又捧起去,末尾仍旧憋不住,把那块西瓜也吃了.内心甭提如许爽了.要收小结:【要收补充及使用】a/抓住人战物的典型特性举止细节形貌,为中心服务.例1:《孔乙己》肖像形貌:“他身材很下大,青黑表情,皱纹间常常夹些伤痕,一部治蓬蓬的花黑胡子.脱的虽然是少衫,但是又净又破,好像十多年不补,也不洗.”例2:《孔乙己》谈话形貌:(掌柜)忽然道:“孔乙己恒暂不去了,还短十九个钱呢!”……掌柜伸出头去,部分道:“孔乙己么?您还短十九个钱!”……到了年闭,掌柜与下粉板道:“孔乙己还短十九个钱!”到了第二年的端午,又道:“孔乙己还短十九个钱呢!”b/磨炼词汇语,巧用建辞.例1:动做形貌:纵然是冬天,罗庚保持正在帐台上瞅他的数教书籍.鼻涕流下时,他用左脚正在鼻子上一抹,往中间一甩,不甩掉,左脚还正在连接天写……例2:肖像形貌:形单影只的浑国留教死……头顶上盘着大辫子,顶得教死造帽的顶上下下耸起,产死一座富士山.《藤家先死》例3:死计细节形貌您也戴孩子,人家也戴孩子,您戴的孩子又净又肥,人家戴的孩子又黑又肥.-——您也戴孩子,人家也戴孩子,怎么您戴的便跟才从垃圾堆拣出去的似的,人家戴的便像才剥壳的鸡蛋心子,又黑又光陈.c/扩展句子补充细节(概括使用)例1:她骂他混蛋.展启您的设念,妥当天增加动做、表情、神态、谈话、情绪等将那句话的真质充溢起去.例2:壮汉与淑女:•他端起碗,拿起筷,夹了菜搁进嘴里,吃起去.(加动做)•她端起碗,拿起筷,夹了菜搁进嘴里,吃起去.(加建饰语)例3::情绪细节形貌本稿:“语文熏陶要收试卷了,我紧弛得要命,便怕自己考砸了.”【继承收酵】小试牛刀:细节形貌示例及锻炼1、本稿:《背影》——我瞅睹他戴着黑布小帽,衣着黑布大马褂,深青布棉袍,艰易天脱过铁道.建改稿:《背影》我瞅睹他戴着黑布小帽,衣着黑布大马褂,深青布棉袍,蹒跚天走到铁道边,缓缓探身下去,尚不大易.但是他脱过铁道,要爬上那边月台,便阻挡易了.他用二脚攀着上头,二足再进与缩;他肥肥的身子背左微倾,隐出齐力的格式.那时我瞅睹他的背影,我的泪很快天流下去了.2、场景:正在阅览室里——“刚刚走到阅览室的门心,一股热气便迎里扑去.踩进阅览室一瞧,嗬,人真多啊!坐的坐,站的站,另有挤去挤去找位子的、寻书籍报的……然而却静得出奇,惟有日光灯收出‘吱——’的声音.我不由屏息静气,插身进去.”评:如果不那一段局里形貌,不然而后文隐得搞瘪、突然,也使后文详写的典型事例隐得孤坐,得去了一定的代表性,浓化了中心.3、场景:奶奶正在为我翻阅食谱,准备饭菜.例:梦里,您保持是坐正在那间背阳的房子里,背对于着阳光,戴着老花镜,倚正在躺椅上,花黑的头收正在阳光的照耀下闪出晶莹的色泽.一本一般的食谱,您每天经常翻上一遍,嘴里喃喃自语:“小丫头正正在收育,得给她弄面佳吃又有营养的.”老式的支音机正在黑木的床头柜上沙哑天唱着锡剧,那幅绘里,定格正在我的梦里……她恰佳里对于窗户坐着,午后的阳光射到她的圆脸上,使她的二颊越收黑润;她拿笔的脚托着腮,弛大的眼眶里,晶明的眸子缓缓游动着,歉谦的下巴微微上翘——那是每当她念出更巧妙的要收去办理一道数教题时,为数教熏陶所认识、喜爱的神态.4、《回视》(本稿)女爱是阻挡易被收觉的.一天下棋时,女亲借心悔棋,我不快,便与女亲闹翻了.从那以去,我尽管预防战女亲谈话.那天,母亲出好,去领导班的路途遥近,女亲便决断支我.大众汽车上,女亲站正在离我不近不近的场合.我二眼视着窗中,略微侧头,收觉女亲正在注视着我.到站后,我一声不响天下了车,快步走着.虽然身后并不随止的足步声,然而正在拐直处,我仍旧与刚刚过了马路的女亲的目光碰碰到了所有.我眼睛一热,心也跟着热了起去.女亲仍旧注视着我,目光是那样温温.我顿了顿,假拆提鞋.站起去时,心中的温意更深了.今后,我收觉女亲的爱无处不正在,却阻挡易收觉.《回视》(建改稿)女爱是阻挡易被收觉的,然而又是真真正在正在的.一天下棋,女亲借心悔棋,我不快,便与女亲闹翻了.从那以去,我尽管预防战女亲谈话.那天,母亲出好,去领导班的路途遥近,“护支”我的重担便降正在了女亲的肩上.上了大众汽车,我蓄意与女亲背对于着,重默不语.我漫无脚段天视着窗中,奇一侧头:竟创造女亲正在不近处悄悄天注视着我,眼里充谦了闭切,好像本去不正在意我俩姑且正处正在“对峙阶段”.到站后,我一声不响天下了车,快步走着.身后好像并不女亲跟随的足步声,然而正在拐直处:我转头一视,正佳与刚刚过马路的女亲的目光相碰.我不由眼睛一热,心也跟着热了起去.虽然瞅不浑女亲回视我的眼神,然而我明隐感觉到那目光是温的.我顿了顿,假拆蹲身提鞋,又往女亲回视我的目标瞅去,收觉女亲仍正在瞅着我.我站起身去,心中的温意又加深了,心仄气战天走上了通背课堂的路.今后,我收觉女亲的爱便像回视一般无处不正在,只不过需要用体验爱的眼睛去瞅察,用体谅女亲的心去体验.5、本句:王敏屡屡听课皆格中严肃,非常博心.她从去不搞小动做,也战睦中间的共教谈话,把熏陶道的皆记着了.建改后:上课时,王敏经常很严肃天听道.她里对于黑板,腰板直直天挺着,单足成九十度仄踩正在天上,眼睛睁得圆圆天盯着熏陶战黑板,奇我还眨巴着眼睛思索,奇我边听边面着头记.本句:吃过早饭,刚刚上七年级的翠翠问妈妈道:“妈妈,问您个问题,您的心愿是什么?”母亲回问道:“心愿很多,跟您道出用.”“您便道道瞅,那对于我很要害.”翠翠接着道.建改后:吃过早饭,刚刚上七年级的翠翠大声囔道:“妈妈,问您个问题,您的心愿是什么?”母亲先是一愣,接着回问:“心愿很多,跟您道出用.”“您便道道瞅,那对于我很要害.”翠翠执拗天道.6、本稿:进去一位青年西席,头上少着头收,戴着一幅眼镜,上身衣着一件衬衫,脖子上系着一条收戴,下身衣着少裤,足脱一单皮鞋,身材中等,圆脸,皮肤好坏普遍,少得有面肥.他便是咱们的班主任.建改后:进去一位青年西席,戴着眼镜,镜片上闪烁着五六个圈女;道到得意之处,圆脸上会少出二个深深的酒窝.奇我,佳像换了一弛脸,铁青的,冒出几个筋,正在哆嗦,那是有人违犯了顺序.他便是咱们的班主任.拓展阅读:谈话的魅力一次正在浑华食堂用饭,对于里坐了二个女死,听到一位对于另一位道:“我还出吃鼓,念再吃一面.”另一位道:“念吃什么,我去购.”前一女死道:“便是那种扇形钝角饼,您助我再购二块!”我暗念:浑华的女死真真纷歧样,咱们通常不过称那种饼为三角饼.那样的女人不敢嫁,要不完婚以去喊老公用饭,喂,那个不准则多里体,过去!浑华的熏陶更牛,我有一次去校医院瞅眼睛,便听睹前里一个熏陶正在跟医死形貌症状:“呃......恩......便是那个物体跟它的像不克不迭重叠正在所有......”咱们大眼瞪小眼了许暂,医死突然顿悟了:“您是道瞅物品有重影吧!?”人物的谈话力供简净,以极简净谈话反映人物心态,掀脱中心.一个起风的日子,灰受受的天幕下,林坐的楼群丛中,蹲伏着一座陈旧的土坯房.门槛上,坐着一个奶孩子的女人,枯槁,肥小,头收枯黄,眼睛木然无神,一动不动天视着近圆.孩子如街头一只被人遗弃的小猫,羸强单薄,孤独肥骨,饿渴的小嘴费劲天吮吸的,四十多岁的男人足边爬滚着.他是篾匠,单脚骨结细大,谦是老茧与冻疮裂心.充谦皱纹的脸上,隐约有一丝悲惨、慢躁与暴戾,头上纯治的灰收,正在风中微微哆嗦.篾匠正在劈竹子.热气氛中,毛竹“咔喳卡喳”的破裂声不竭响.一个女孩从房前的河里走上去.她十四五岁,抱着一大叠尿布,麻利天晾正在篱笆上,瞅瞅姑且出事了,犹豫了一下,径直走到篾匠跟前. “爹……”“恩……”“教费”“……”“爹,即日是克日的末尾一天了,熏陶道再不接教费便停我的教.”委伸的泪火,正在女孩怯死死却充谦灵气的眼眶里盘旋.她惨黑的脸上写谦了祈供与惶惑. “出道过吗,您老子出钱!”“爹,供您了”泪火,陪着乞供,毕竟滑降,一滴滴溶进了足下那片叹息着的土天.“……”“妈……”女孩哽吐着转过头,将残存的一丝期视投背门槛上的女人.可女孩也毕竟绝视了,彻真足底,完真足齐天绝视了.她漠不关心天坐着,呆滞的目光仍旧一动不动天视着近圆,佳象周围的十足皆与她无闭.……又是一个风起的日子,保持是那座陈旧的土坯房,门槛上保持坐着奶孩子的女人,房前保持坐着劈竹子的篾匠,篱笆上保持挂着片片尿布,不过,篾匠的身边,多了一个小篾匠——那个十五六岁的洗晾尿布的女孩.寄语:用柔硬的心体验死计为什么有的人瞅到日出能激动天热泪盈眶;有的人听到一尾乐直便会心仄气战;有的人瞅到“帘中雨潺潺”,便会惆怅谦怀,我为什么便不那样多的感触呢?奇我回到家里,挨启火龙头要洗脚,瞅到喷涌而出的浑火,慢促的流淌,突然使我站正在何处,有了深深的哆嗦,那时我念着:火龙头流出去的佳像不是火,而是时间、心情,大概者是一种思绪.奇我正在山中的小池塘里,睹到一朵黑色的睡莲,从泥沼的浅天中昂然抽出,启出了一句优好的音符,好像忽视于中围的污浊,那时我会念:呀!呀!到底要怎么样的历练,咱们才搞像那一朵浑净之莲呢?正在人间寻供聪慧也不是那样易的.最要害的是,使咱们自己有一颗柔硬的心,柔硬到咱们瞅到一朵花中的一片花瓣降下,皆使咱们动容哆嗦,如悉它的意思.。
细节决定成败题
1 下面选项中哪位名人将细节管理应用在子女(包括儿媳妇在内)的日常生活习惯中? bA 李鸿章B曾国藩C毛泽东D孔子2 CBD指的是?a A中央商务区B囯际化大都市C文明之都D国际会展中心3 邓小平说过:我们改革中最大的失误是()的失误 c A 经济B 政治C教育D 国防4 我们的国家靠什么提高国际竞争力?dA 发展军事B 发展文化C 发展对外贸易D 提高国民素质5 ()——从细节中来,到细节中去。
aA 战略 B 发展C 贸易D 销售6 沃尔玛超市诞生在哪个国家?dA 中国B 法国C 日本D 美国7 世界上哪两个国家的汽车行业竞争达到白热化?bA 中国日本B 美国日本C 德国美国D 德国日本8 日本第一大汽车生产公司是?aA 丰田B 三菱C 本田D 日产9 88888账户导致哪个著名银行的破产 aA 巴林银行B 花旗银行C 威尔士银行D 恒生银行10 哪一个手机生产商已退出中国市场?aA 爱立信B 三星C TCLD 诺基亚11 ()是太空第一人?bA 布朗B 加加林C 阿加斯科D 凯恩斯12 被称为世界上最伟大的推销员的是?aA 乔?吉拉德B 比尔盖茨C 石田D 菲力13 决定企业成败的是?aA 客户B 竞争对手C 国家政策D 银行政策14 ()是世界因特网革命的领导者dA 德国B 法国C 日本D 美国15 由于小失误而导致爆炸的美国航天飞机叫() aA 哥伦比亚号B 阿里加斯号C 华盛顿号D 林肯号16 海尔集团总裁叫() bA 金志国B 张瑞敏C 高青山D 牛根生17 世界第一大快餐公司是?aA 肯德基B 德克士C 必胜客D 土大力18 在零售行业竞争中输给沃尔玛的是aA 凯马特B 家乐福C 利群D 佳世客19 科学的管理就是___的管理 bA 财务B 细节C 员工D 销售20 邓小平同志说___是硬道理aA 发展B 经济C 军事D 国家统一21 中国的成长竞争力在102个国家中排名bA 12B 44C 88D 622 ___是服务业的生命cA 业绩B 员工C 服务D 产品23 哪个国家汽车普及率居世界首位 dA 德国B 意大利C 英国D 美国24 台湾首富是 aA 王永庆B 李嘉诚C 孟志坚D 张瑞敏25 “让每一个愿意学习的人都有机会学习”是哪位领导人说的aA 李岚清B 毛泽东C 彭德怀D 陈毅26 ____公司是美国著名的咨询机构 dA 微软B 通用C 丰田D 兰德27 战略的实施必须落实到___ 上 aA 细节B 成本C 销售D 生产28 ____是我国传统产业和科技产业的领头羊cA 伊利B 蒙牛C 海尔D 青啤29 ____是日本汽车最大的海外市场 dA 德国B 意大利C 英国D 美国30 那一个是中国自主的汽车品牌dA 大众B 本田C 马自达D 奇瑞31 曾经的保健品帝国,因不注重细节管理而轰然倒下的企业是cA 巨人B 亚细亚C 三株D 秦池32 达到零库存的汽车集团是 aA 丰田B 通用C 大众D 本田33 中国的国民素质排在世界第几位?bA 2B 35C 60D 10834 中国人均劳动生产率是日本人的bA 2倍B 1/26C 3倍D 1.5倍35 哪个集团被视为世界劳动生产率的领先者dA 海尔B 沃尔玛C 蒙牛D 丰田36 日本国内称___奖为“企业诺贝尔奖”aA 戴明B 汤姆逊C 爱德华D 凯瑟37 在中国销售业绩排第一位的韩国手机生产商是 aA 三星B 爱立信C 诺基亚D 摩托罗拉38 从营销执行来讲___的意义远大于创意 cA 广告B 销售C 细节D 促销39 科学的管理就是力图使每一个管理环节___ aA 数据化B 人性化C 理想化D 迅速化40 沃尔玛的创始人是 aA 山姆. 沃尔顿B 卡耐基C 比尔. 盖茨D 福特41 曾经与肯德基展开激烈竞争的中国快餐集团是bA 麦当劳B 荣华鸡C 土大力D 必胜客42 企业要想成功,就必须重视____的改进改进再改进dA 竞争力B 设备C 人力资源D 细节管理43 细节的改进方向,就是满足___的要求bA 国际化B 竞争化C 人性化D 全球化44 比尔玛瑞特说差错发生在___,成功取决于系统 dA 生产B 销售C 广告D 细节45 麦当劳创始人克罗克曾说过:我强调___的重要性,如果你想经营出色,就必须是每一项基本工作都尽善尽美bA 经营B 细节C 广告D 生产46 经济学的开山鼻祖亚当斯密的首要观点是dA 竞争B 市场C 营销D 分工47 市场经济的发展一定是越来越的竞争cA 国际化B 全球化C 专业化D 全面化48 大趋势——产品利润趋向于___. aA 零B 最大C 上涨D 不变49 ()——企业经营的全球性难题bA 专业化B 同质化C 全面化D 国际化50 世界上最难遵循的规则是度,度源于()bA 利润B 素养C 制度D 管理51 丰田是哪个国家的企业aA 日本B 美国C 意大利D 德国52 阿姆斯特朗是哪个国家的航天员bA 日本B 美国C 英国D 前苏联53 我国的开发区建设始于 aA 1960年B 1978年C 1984年D 1977年54 治大国若烹小鲜是谁的名言aA 老子B 孔子C 孟子D 庄子55 中国有13亿人口,不管多小的问题,只要乘以13亿,那就成为很大的问题。
阅读理解中细节题的命题特点及答题要诀
阅读理解中细节题的命题特点及答题要诀阅读理解中细节题的命题特点及答题要诀崔⼤勇⼀、细节题的命题特点事实细节题是⽤以阐述事实和相关信息的题⽬,通常就问中的某局句、某段、某⼀具体细节或事实进⾏提问,细节题主要考查学⽣是否能在快速阅读⽂章的同时,从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。
细节题有可能是直接理解题,涉及事情的起因、过程、结果即发⽣的时间、地点等。
但多数情况下是间接理解题,要求在理解的基础上通过⾃⼰的思考将理解的内容系统化、条理化。
选项的表述通常不是⽤⽂章的原话,⽽是使⽤同义的词语来表达。
学⽣应当明⽩,细节与中⼼内容的关系是辩证的,只有抓住中⼼才能正确理解有关细节。
细节题的形式多种多样,主要表现为下列⼏种:是⾮判断题、例证题(考查⽂中所引⽤例句的作⽤),年代与数字、相关定义以及对某个细节详细内容的发问。
做题时,多采⽤寻读法,看清细节问题询问的是什么,根据此信息到⽂中去查找,其答案往往在⽂中有明确表述,因此,相关信息极为重要。
有时并⾮简单的就事论事,命题⼈希望通过数字、排序、对⽐等细节题的考查,来检测学⽣的逻辑思维能⼒,这就要求学⽣通过积极有效的思考将⾃⼰理解的内容系统化、条理化和具体化。
事实细节题常⽤的设问⽅式1. According to the passage,who/what/which/when/where/why/how…?2. According to the passage, which of the following is (not) true?3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?4. All the following are true EXCEPT _______.5. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.6. Which of the following is NOT the result of …?7. Which of the following best describes the main feature of…?8. We can learn/know from the passage that ______.9. By saying…, the author means that ______.⼆、解答事实细节题应注意的问题1、⾸先弄懂题⼲和每个选项的含义,带着问题去阅读,做到有的放⽮。
初中语文教资科三答题模板
初中语文教资科三答题模板根据具体题目,可以采用以下模板:1.细节题模板:题目:请仔细阅读下面这段文字,然后回答问题。
xxxxx(文字省略)。
问题:根据上文,主人公最后对谁表达了感激之情?解答模板:1.将问题简化,弄清楚被问到的信息。
2.找到原文中与问题相关的部分,进行仔细阅读和理解。
3.找到答案后进行标记,确保没有漏掉任何信息。
4.根据原文引用或概括的方式,将答案简洁明了地写出来。
答案:根据第二段文字中的“感觉自己真的很幸运,感激能接受中医治疗的农民伯伯,并决定自己今后也要尽自己之力,弘扬民族医药事业,帮助更多需要帮助的人。
”可以得知,主人公最后对接受中医治疗的农民伯伯表达了感激之情。
2.写作题模板:题目:请根据下面的提示,用漫画的形式来表现一个人面对挑战时的情景。
解答模板:1.常规操作,先读清题目,提取关键信息。
2.根据题目要求和提示,进行思考和构思。
3.略微考虑一下人物形象、画面构图,将草图或重要的画面勾勒出来。
4.逐渐进行细节化、图像化的处理,画出完整的漫画。
答案:(答案视具体情况而定,下面是一个示例)。
3.作文题模板:题目:请根据下面的提示,写一篇题为“我的初中生活”的作文,内容包括你的初中学业、生活、兴趣爱好等方面。
(不少于800字)。
解答模板:1.把握文章的总体思路,确定一个主旨。
2.认真审题,获取关键信息。
3.梳理思路,确定文章的大体结构和各个部分的主要内容。
4.在组织层次上进行完善和细节化的处理,使得文章层次鲜明且表达清晰、流畅。
细节判断题
让步复句
典型格式:即使……..也 关联词语:即使=就算=纵然=哪怕等
典型例句: 1、即使遇到了百年大旱,他的供水系 统也能保证生产生活用水。 2、前面纵然是刀山火海,我们也决 不后退半步。 3、哪怕“黑客”们个个神通广大,也 无法进入这样的网站。
让步复句
VS
转折性时态
细节判断题
辨别标志 1、下列说法正确/不正确的一项是? 2、下列表述符合/不符合文段的是?
做题原则
对 应
错误选项的标志
1、已然性时态:已、已经、曾 经、了、过、虽然…..但是….
标志一 偷换时态
2、未然性时态:将、要、立即、 马上、如果、即使…..也….. 3、进行时态:正、正在、在….. 中、着、现在
1、较多量:较多、很多、许多、 大量、大部分、大多数、广泛、 一片、不少等
标志二 偷换数量
2、较少量:较少、很少、少量、 少部分、少数、少许、不多等
3、中间量:某些、一些等
标志三 偷换逻辑关系
1、充分条件和必要条件混淆:只要…..就 只有…..才
(必要条件) 例:保存动植物遗体的必要条件是快速掩埋。 (充分条件) A、只要快速掩埋,就能保存动植物遗体。 2、因果倒置 3、并列混淆为条件或因果关系
标志四 偷换概念 例:北京近些年的绿化情况
1、偷换 2、扩大 3、缩小
A、北京近些年的种树情况 B、北京近些年的社会情况
标志五 偷换确定性表述和不确定表述
不确定性表述:预测、断言、推测、 可能、未必、也许、大概、大约等
细节描写的高考真题
细节描写的高考真题1、下面中括号内的字的注音完全正确的一组是()[单选题] *A.[溺]水(ruò)竹[筏](fá)倒[毙](bì)B.保[佑](yòu)[墓]地(mù)褴[褛](lǚ)(正确答案)C.[混]杂(hùn)埋[藏](cáng)[笼]罩(lóng)D.吹[嘘](xū)[煞]白(shà)[措]施(chuò)2、6. 下列加双引号字的注音全都正确的一项是()[单选题] *A.寒“噤”(jīn)蛮“横”(hèng)布“衾”(qīn)挑拨离“间”(jiàn)B.“彷”徨(páng)“皱”褶(zhé)“庇”护(bì)“强”词夺理(qiǎng)C.“襁”褓(qiǎng)“拙”劣(zhuō)“蠕”动(rǔ)怒不可“遏”(è)D.“瞭”望(liào)颠“簸”(bǒ)俯“瞰”(kàn)“拾”级而上(shè)(正确答案)3、成语完形:()然开朗[单选题] *豁(正确答案)突天盲4、59. 下列词语中加双引号字的字音、字形完全正确的一项是()[单选题] *A.“缄”默(jiān)“诲”暗(huì)追“溯”(sù)“戛”然而止(gá)B.欺“侮”(rǔ)“亢”奋(kàng)弥“漫”(màn)海枯石“滥”(làn)C.“龟”裂(jūn)“狩”猎(shòu)两“栖”(qī)“销”声匿迹(xiāo)(正确答案)D.怅“惘”(mǎng)“瞭”望(liào)“撩”原(liáo)草长“莺”飞(yīng)5、13.下列各组词语中,加点字的读音全都正确的一组是()[单选题] *A.滑稽(jī)宽宥(yǒu)菡萏(hán)殚精竭虑(dān)B.门槛(kǎn)缄默(jiān)胸脯(pú)间不容发(fà)(正确答案)C.坍塌(tān)锃亮(zèng)怯懦(ruò)信手拈来(diān)D.盘桓(yuán)褴褛(lǚ)拾级(shè)舳舻相接(zhóu)6、下面选项中加着重号字的注音正确的一项是()[单选题] *A、颇多pō外壳ké淤泥yū睥睨pì(正确答案)B、旖旎qí嫌弃xián 招惹rě赐名cìC、洋溢yì萌芽méng 赋予fǔ耀眼yàoD、抗御yù观摩mó堕落duǒ吸吮yǔn7、咤的正确读音是()[单选题] *zhǎzhāzhà(正确答案)chà8、下列词语中,加着重号字的注音不正确的一项是()[单选题] *A、爱而不见(xiàn)B、搔首踟蹰(zhī)(正确答案)C、静女其娈(luán)D、彤管有炜(wěi)9、9.下列词语中加点字的注音完全正确的一项是()[单选题] *A.亘古(gèng)襁褓(qiǎng)粗犷(guǎng)美不胜收(shèng)B.炽热(chì)抖擞(sǒu)字帖(tiè)面面相觑(qù)(正确答案)C.晌午(shǎng)蓦然(mù)苍劲(jìng)弄巧成拙(zhuō)D.哽咽(yè)尴尬(gān)辐射(fú)气冲斗牛(dòu)10、直到本世纪60年代,将地面()结果与卫星和火箭()到的资料结合起来研究,才逐步形成了激光的物理性描述。
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56. Who wrote the letter? A. Tom. B. Old Ed.
C. The author.
D. The driver’s grandchild.
题干
定位词
顺序原则
排除法
The letter
真题链接
第 四 段 : The first sentence “I’ve been meaning to write for some time, but I’ve always delayed it.” reminded me of myself. It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together . When I read the part where it said “Your friendship really means a lot to me, more than I can say because I’m not good at saying things like that”, I found myself nodding in agreement. 58. A. B. C. D. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that the author of the passage __________. often failed to write to his friends had no intention to write to his friends had many great moments with his friends was good at expressing feelings to his friends
1.Which of the following statements is true? (三误一正) 2.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? (三正一误) 3.The author/passage states that„ 4.According to the passage, 5w and 1h (when, where, who, why, what, how, etc.)___?
(2010全国I)61.How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman’s opinion of the chi tea?
(2010湖南)62.We can know that before 1995 Mary...
(2010山东) was created for...
题干
定位词
顺序原则 排除法
真题链接
(2)错误选项的特征
a. 张冠李戴:
b. 断章取义: c. 过度猜测: d.把已然说成未然(或把未然说成已然); e. 与原文信息不符;
题干
定位词
顺序原则
排除法
真题链接
a.张冠李戴:(2010江苏,A) Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
题干
定位词
顺序原则
排除法
真题链接
定位词
题干
定位词
顺序原则
排除法
真题链接
什么词才算是定位词呢?
a. 表示人名、地名等的专有名词; b. 表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词; c. 题干中出现的大写的名词等;
题干
定位词
顺序原则
排除法
真题链接
(2010辽宁)61.What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?
题干
定位词
顺序原则
动词
排除法
真题链接
(2010全国II,A)
Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, „she never barked(吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she lovely everyone. 形容词
阅读理解之事实细节题
题干 定位词
顺序原则
排除法
真题链接
事实细节题
题干考查的六大信息
when ______, where _____, who what why 5个W 即 ____, _____,_____ how 。 1个h _____
题干
定位词
顺序原则
排除法
真题链接
事实细节题
题干常见设题方式:
68.According to the passage,the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _____ . A.technical issues B.safety of the system C.financial problems D.maintenance of railway tracks
44. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she__________.
A. smiled C. rushed to them B. barked D. tried to be funny
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顺序原则
题干
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题干
定位词
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定位词的转换形式
同义改写、词性转变
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(2010江苏,D) But the key issue is really money.China is already spending hundreds of billions of Yuan on domestic railway expansion.
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总结
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如:2011西城一模,A 第七段:“I’m Tom,” he explained. “It’s a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he’d died. I never put it in the mailbox. I guess I should have written it sooner.” His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief.
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48. What do we know about Jarolim from the text?
A.She is successful in her job B.She finds her life full of stresses
C.She spends half of her time traveling D.She is especially interested in museums
68.According to the passage,the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _____ .
A.technical issues B.safety of the system
C.financial problems D.maintenance of railway tracks
5.All the following are true except „
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如: 第9篇,2011西城一模,B
56. Who wrote ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้he letter?
58. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that the
author of the passage __________.
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(1)正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬,但是 一般是原文的改写,意思不变。如换一 个同义词,把否定改为肯定,把肯定改 为否定等。
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(2010江苏,D)
But the key issue is really money.China is already spending hundreds of billions of Yuan on domestic railway expansion.