1.3 The Deep Structure of Our Culture
The Deep Structure of Culture
Deep Structure Institutions Supply much of a Person’s Identity
“We learn our identities—who we are—through socialization” (Charon) “Everyone has multiple identities which may compete with or reinforce each other: kinship, occupational, cultural, institutional, territorial, educational, partisan, ideological, and others” (Huntington) The most significant identities are filtered through deep structure institutions. In this sense culture—through family, church, and state—becomes defining feature in your identity.
Each generation is given the wisdom, traditions, and customs that make a culture unique.
Pay attention to: hatred and distrust also endure
• In Europe we see “600 years of violent nationalism that has bloodied the Balkans”
Notions about right and wrong
人是中国的传统文化的遗产唐诗英语作文
人是中国的传统文化的遗产唐诗英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Chinese Culture is the Greatest! My Thoughts on Tang PoetryHi everyone! My name is Lin Lin and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about one of my favorite things – Chinese traditional culture! Isn't it just the coolest? China has such a long history filled with amazing philosophers, artists, inventors and more. We've given so many incredible things to the world.One part of Chinese culture that I really love is the ancient poetry from the Tang Dynasty period between 618-907 AD. The Tang Dynasty was a real golden age for arts and culture in ancient China. During this time, many of the greatest poets in Chinese history were born and wrote their masterpiece works. Even though I'm just a kid, I've learned a lot about Tang poetry in school and from my parents. It's pretty mind-blowing stuff when you take the time to understand it!So what makes Tang poetry so special? Well, for one thing, the poems are profoundly beautiful in their language andimagery. The poets during that era had such a deep appreciation for nature and the world around them. You'll find vivid descriptions of landscapes, seasons, plants, animals and more. But the poems don't just describe the natural world on the surface level. The poets use natural scenes and objects as metaphors to explore deeper ideas about human emotions, philosophy and the meaning of life itself. Mind = blown, right?Take this famous example from the poet Li Bai, who was considered a true master and genius of Tang poetry:"A jolting horse has left white clouds behind,Stars are shattered across the Milky Way."Just a couple simple lines, but they paint such a strong visual picture in your head. You can practically see and feel the motion of galloping across a wide open grassland under a starry night sky. But it's not just about the literal scene - many scholars interpret these words as Li Bai expressing profound loneliness and a restless, searching spirit. Deep stuff from a few words about a horse and stars!Another thing I find fascinating about Tang poems is the use of form and structure. The poems follow strict tonal patterns and have a specific number of characters per line. This might seemconfining, but it actually showcased the creativity and skill of the Tang poets. Being able to perfectly capture their scenery and emotional meaning while sticking to a rigid structure - that's true artistry! It would be like trying to write a whole song where every line had to rhyme perfectly and use the same number of syllables. Not easy at all.My personal favorite Tang poet is a woman named Li Qingzhao. At a time when female poets and writers were really rare, Li Qingzhao produced some truly exquisite and emotional works that gave a window into the inner lives and struggles of women in ancient China society. Lines of her poetry like "I don't dare sunny though the jasmine sleeps" just devastate me. You can feel her sadness, fear and powerlessness. Her words show that even a thousand years ago, women were oppressed and had immense societal limitations placed on them just for being born female. It makes me want to tear down those unjust rules and norms!I could seriously go on all day about the genius of Tang poetry, but I'll wrap up for now. Writing, reading and understanding these ancient poems connects me to my ancestral culture in a way that feels truly special. The poets of the Tang Dynasty may have lived centuries before any of us, but theirbeautiful words allow them to speak to us across the ages. Their artistic gifts have become a timeless treasure and part of humanity's heritage that we're lucky to be able to appreciate today. I hope more of you will discover the joys of Tang poetry - trust me, it's cooler than you think! Let's keep learning about and celebrating Chinese traditional culture together.篇2People are China's Living TreasuresHi there! My name is Xiao Ming and I'm a 10-year-old student. Today I want to talk to you about something really important – how we are the living treasures that carry on China's amazing traditional culture.China has such a deep, rich history going back thousands of years. Our culture is filled with beautiful arts, philosophies, literature, and so much more. It has been passed down from generation to generation. But culture isn't just old relics in a museum. Culture is a living, breathing thing kept alive by people.That's where we come in! We are the inheritors of this incredible cultural legacy. It is our duty and privilege to learn about our traditions and keep them thriving.One of my favorite examples of our living heritage is Chinese poetry, especially the classic Tang poems from over 1,000 years ago. Those poets celebrated the beauty of nature, reflected on life's mysteries, and expressed deep emotions through exquisite words and images.Let me share one of my favorite Tang poems with you:A Quiet Night Thought by Li BaiBright are the flowers of the dutiful nation,Shining are its cold window-panes at night.As for me, apart, and drunken,Who is there to share my celtic joys?I admire those meaningful lines praising China while also conveying a sense of loneliness and seeking connection. Li Bai used such powerful metaphors and vivid scenes to stir the reader's soul.Studying and appreciating poems like this connects me to the spiritual depth and artistic brilliance of my ancestors. It makes me feel proud to be Chinese and inspired to carry forward our poetic heritage.In my opinion, the most amazing part is that these ancient poems are still so relevant today. Their insights into the human condition and nature's wonder remain profound and beautiful across the centuries. When I read Tang poems, I'm linked to those long-ago writers through our shared experiences, emotions, and cultural traditions.And it's not just me keeping Tang poetry alive. All across China, students like me are learning these classic works and being awed by their timeless wisdom and artistry. We analyze and discuss the deeper meanings, feeling a personal connection despite the vast span of history.Some of my classmates have started writing poems in the Tang style, using regulated verses and nature metaphors to express their own reflections. Others have put new spins on the classics by blending ancient aesthetics with contemporary themes. That's how culture stays vibrant – by respecting traditions while giving them new life with fresh creativity.Poetry is just one example of China's longstanding cultural treasures that we inherit as youth. I'm also fascinated by Chinese brush painting, calligraphy, philosophy, martial arts, and so much more. Our ancestors left us a wondrous world of traditions to explore and make our own.My parents always encourage me to dive deep into studying our cultural legacy. They remind me that every Chinese person today is a living vessel for carrying our civilization's profound achievements into the future. My dad tells me "The way to bring honor to your heritage is to deeply understand it, embrace it fully, and add your own unique voice to it."I think he's absolutely right. We can't just let Chinese traditions be museum pieces or confine them to special holidays. We must internalise these practices and mindsets so they become core parts of our identities and worldviews in the modern era.That's why we should read and write classical poetry, practice ancient arts, ponder millennia-old philosophies, and discuss how to reinterpret them for our current times. These traditions shouldn't be abandoned relics, but fires that we continually stoke with our passion and creativity as the newest generation.I believe it's a tremendous responsibility and privilege to be the torchbearers for such an incredible wealth of culture. Just imagine – everything we've inherited stretches back through thousands of years of brilliant minds, artists, and ancestors whoshaped the profoundly enriching Chinese traditions we have today.Confucius, Laozi, Li Bai, Du Fu, Zhuangzi and other legendary figures didn't create for their own era alone. They crafted timeless treasures to be cherished, reinterpreted and added to by future inheritors like us. Their masterpieces flowed from the deepest wellsprings of Chinese civilization so we could drink from that continuously renewing source.So we shouldn't just soak up cultural knowledge from books and elders. We must ingrain these traditions into our very beings, experiencing them as personal awakenings and expressions of our innermost selves. Only then can we energize ancient practices with our own vigor and insights as the new youth of the modern age.Imagine how incredibly empowering and meaningful it feels to be a living embodiment of one of the world's richest ancestral legacies! We get to witness China's eternal essence through our own unique perspectives and selfhoods. What an amazing responsibility and gift we've been given.Chinese cultural education in our modern school systems is crucial for ensuring we develop deep, first-handunderstandings and emotional connections to our heritage as children. Weshouldn't just memorize facts about traditions, but live and breathe them through hands-on immersive experiences.For example, I was able to attend an intensive summer camp where we practiced ancient Chinese art forms like calligraphy, brush painting, martial arts, poetry composition, and more. We didn't just learn about these things abstractly – we used the same tools, embodied the same mindsets, and delved into the profundities of these practices with authentic mastery experiences.Holding those exquisite calligraphy brushes, feeling the smooth movements, and seeing my inked traces blossom across xuan paper was a spiritually electrifying experience that made this ancient art form come alive for me. I could sense the echoes of calligrapher-sages across millennia guiding my strokes. Their transcendent values like mindfulness, self-discipline and aesthetic cultivation resonated within me.Immersions like that transform you from just an observer of cultural relics to an initiate steeped in the mystical lifeblood of perpetuated heritages. You merge with an eternal continuum of ancestors and inheritors along a sweeping legacy.Those are the kinds of profound awakenings we must provide the youth with so we develop first-hand embodiedconnections to Chinese traditions, not just academic knowledge. That's how we become living vessels for their spirit.So in conclusion, we the young people of China today are tremendously blessed yet burdened with an immense responsibility. We must receive the transcendent treasures passed down to us with the utmost humility and devotion. Yet we cannot be mere curators – we must exalt these legacies by experiencing them to the fullest, integrating them into our own beings, and bequeathing them with our own personal voices as the modern rebirth.Each generation serves as a conduit for ancient streams of civilization, filtering them through our unique perspectives while allowing their essence to flow forth into new eras. We inherit pristine waters from our ancestors, drink deeply of their nourishing wisdom, and pour forth newly replenished waters for future generations to enjoy.My friends, we are the living waters allowing China's perennial heritage to endlessly flow, eddy, and cascade into new terrains while resurging with timeless vitality. We carry these treasures inside ourselves as we blossom into the newest blooms along an unbroken chain of cultural blossoming spanning all the eras.We are China's living history, living traditions, and living soul. Let us bear this sublime honor and responsibility with the utmost reverence, authenticity and passion. For in doing so, we become ageless transcendents - perpetual youths awakened into our civilization's immortal and inexhaustible Source.篇3People are the Living Legacy of China's Ancient CultureHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you about how us people are the living legacy and treasures that carry on China's amazing ancient culture. Pretty cool, right? Let me explain.China has one of the oldest continuous cultures in the world, going all the way back over 5,000 years! Can you imagine how many generations of people that is? Our ancestors created so many incredible things that we still celebrate and practice today. It makes me feel like part of this amazing epic story that has been unfolding for centuries upon centuries.Let's start by talking about some of the awesome philosophical and spiritual traditions that began in ancient China. Things like Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism have had a huge influence on how people in China see the world and livetheir lives. These wise ways of thinking teach important values like respect for elders, harmony with nature, self-discipline, and compassion. My grandparents are really into practising Tai Chi, which comes out of Taoist and Buddhist ideas about finding inner peace and balance.Then there are all the artistic and creative elements of our culture that have been lovingly passed down from generation to generation. Poetry is a huge part of Chinese culture, and poems from over 1,000 years ago during the Tang Dynasty are still revered today. My parents always share ancient poems with me, especially around holidays and festivals. One of my favorites is a poem about the beautiful Chang'e flying up to become a goddess on the moon!Speaking of festivals, there are so many fun celebrations and customs that connect us to our ancestral heritage. My favorite has to be Chinese New Year. Ringing in the new year with parades of dancing dragons, setting off firecrackers, exchanging red envelopes, and feasting on delicious reunion dishes...what's not to love? I get such a thrill knowing these same traditions have been embraced for thousands of years.Food is another way we keep our culture alive. You've probably had Chinese food like dumplings, noodles, rice dishes,and stir fries before. But let me tell you, when your grandma makes them using recipes passed down from her grandma, they just taste better! All those spices, cooking techniques, and secret family ingredients...mmm, my mouth is watering just thinking about it. Food is like an edible connection to our roots.Then there are so many other remarkable achievements and innovations from ancient China that we benefit from every single day, even if we don't realize it. Things like paper, the compass, gunpowder, printing, and silk were all first created centuries ago by the skillful hands and brilliant minds of our ancestors.Bet you didn't know the children's game of kicking the shuttlecock came from an ancient Chinese exercise, did you? Cool huh?To me, one of the most special parts of Chinese culture is the incredible history contained in our legends, myths, and fables. Hearing those classic tales of powerful gods, magical creatures, virtuous heroes and valiant warriors is like being transported to an enchanted realm. My favorite is definitely the Monkey King who goes on this crazy adventure to obtain sacred Buddhist scriptures. He has these awesome cloud shoes that let him fly and a powerful staff that can grow super long or tiny small. What kid wouldn't love those stories?Those ancient stories teach us so much about important values like bravery, cleverness, humility, and the triumph of good over evil. But they also capture the hopes, dreams, and imaginations of the Chinese people throughout the ages. Sort of like a mystical time capsule preserving the collective spirit and creativity of our ancestors for generation after generation to discover and be inspired by.At the end of day, people are the living, breathing keepers of Chinese tradition and culture. It's all of us who celebrate the holidays, practice the customs, tell the folktales, cook the cuisine, and uphold the values and philosophies that derive from those ancient roots. We are a vital link keeping that amazing heritage alive and dynamically evolving for the modern world.My parents always tell me I have this profound gift that stretches back thousands of years - being part of the great Chinese cultural legacy. It's like having one foot in that distant past, experiencing the world through the lens of my ancestors' brilliant innovations, spiritual beliefs, artistic expressions, and mighty accomplishments. While also having another foot planted in the present, infused with opportunities to contribute my own novel chapter to this rich, longstanding human story.To me, that means having a tremendous responsibility to honor the struggles, sacrifices, and successes of my ancestors who overcame so many obstacles to create the thriving culture we inherit today. But it's also an incredible source of pride, meaning, and connectedness to something bigger than myself. A grand, sacred, collective identity that transcends any single lifetime.Just knowing that I'm carrying the torch of such an ancient, illustrious, and progressive civilization...wow, it gives me chills! It makes me appreciate every bite of dumplings, every goldenp'in'yin character I learn to write, and every banging firework during the New Year's festivities as a profound privilege and living embodiment of over five millennia of human achievement.Sometimes I look up at the brightembling moon, maybe catch a glimpse of Chang'e up there, and I'm just awestruck. Thinking about how the very same celestial sight has been marveled at and inscribed in verse by Chinese writers, artists, and storytellers since the dawn of recorded history on this earth. I feel this overwhelming cosmic connection to my ancestors, to humanity's shared journey of creativity and wonder across the eons.In those transcendent moments, the legacy of China's ancient culture doesn't feel like some relic of the past. It's a breathing, dancing, luminous spirit that has flickered unbroken through the souls of countless generations. And now, that eternal ember of art, wisdom, and resilience is cradled in the hearts and hands of young people like me today.So yeah, I'd say we kids are most definitely the living legacy and treasures carrying the brilliant flame of Chinese civilization forward into the future. We get to add our own verses to that wondrous, ancient cultural odyssey that will hopefully be cherished and passed down again for thousands of years to come. How awesome is that? Thanks for listening to me share why I feel so proud and connected to my amazing heritage!。
CrossCulturalCommunicationUnit跨文化交际
• Control the major
of communication that they
institutions within the
have learned.
culture such as: church, gov., • Can be based on race,
education, military, mass
• Culture is integrated
• Culture is Ethnocentric
• Culture is adaptive
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
• Defining Culture: it's a set of human-made objectives and subjective elements that
• Principles of Communication:
a) It is a dynamic process
b) It is symbolic
c) It is contextual (situations) d) it is self-reflective
e) we learn to communicate f) it has a consequence
• At the core of any culture's deep structure are its social organizations (or social institutions).
➢Lessons about life and ways for living that life ➢It's based on cooperation
CulturalDiversity实用学习教程
Movie
My Big Fat Greek Wedding
第7页/共90页
Tr y to understand (1):
• Toula’s father takes great pride in being Greek . How do you know? • Toula and her younger brother want to break away from their Greek heritage . How do you
第5页/共90页
2 Definition
• Cultural diversity does not refer only to ethnic diversity, it can be diversity in beliefs, gender, ability, sexual orientation, behavior, etc. In other words, a truly diverse culture accommodates both the mainstream and the alternative.
第17页/共90页
• friendship if they find it very inconvenient for them to do so. However, it does not mean that we don’t need to be sincere when making friends with Americans. Just let it be.
torn open by a young man. Please decide where they come from according to their responses to this incident.
Cross-Cultural Communication Unit 1-4 跨文化交际
➢Lessons about life and ways for living that life ➢It's based on cooperation
CHAPTER 1
Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
CHAPTER 1 - Communication and Culture: The Challenge of The Future
Challenge?
• Societies around the globe have been interwoven into a complex fabric of interdependent economic, technological, political, and social relationships.
CHAPTER 2
The Deep Structure of Culture: Roots of Reality
CHAPTER 2 - The Deep Structure of Culture: Roots of Reality
• The deep structure of culture is the unconscious assumptions about how the world operates. It makes each culture unique, and explains how and why of a culture's collective action.
3 Culture
CultureI.The Relationship Between Communication and Culture“Culture is communication and communication is culture”(Hall)People learn to think, feel, believe, and act as they do because of the messages that have been communicated to them, and those messages all bear the stamp of culture. So Hall concludes “there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.”Culture governs and defines the conditions and circumstances under which various messages may or may not be sent, noticed, or interpreted. Culture plays a dominant role in our lives.II. Basic Functions of Culturetwo important reasons: First, it helps facilitate the transition from the womb to this now life by providing meaning to events, objects, and people. Second, it makes life less confusing, because most of culture is automatic and subconscious.III. Definition of Culturethe deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.Views on … are part of your cultural membership.IV. Characteristics of Culture1. Culture is learned.From infancy, members of a culture learn their patterns of behavior and ways of thinking until most of them become internalized and habitual.1)We learn our culture through proverbs.2)We learn our culture from folk tales, legends, and myths.3)We learn our culture through art.4)We learn our culture through mass media.2. Culture is Transmitted from Generation to GenerationCulture and communication are linked : communication makes culture a continuous process, for once cultural habits, principles, values, attitudes, and the like are “formulated,” they are communicated to each member of the culture.3. Culture is Based on Symbols.The emergence of language was the giant step that made culture possible.symbols: the spoken words; the written words; nonverbal actions….4. Culture is Subject to ChangeCultures are dynamic system, so they are subject to change.Cultures are constantly being confronted with ideas and information from outside sources, and contact brings change.Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the deep structure of a culture resists major alteration.5. Culture is Integrated.Culture functions as an integrated whole—it is, like communication, systemic. That is, culture functions as an interrelated whole.“You touch a culture in one place and everything else is affected.”6. Culture is EthnocentricEthnocentrism is “the technical name for the view of things one’s own group is the center of everything. This propensity to see things from our own cultural viewpoint is very natural and, unless carried to an extreme, can have positive effects.For example, ethnocentrism is often “a source of cultural and personal identity.”7. Culture is AdaptivePeople can make adaptations to cultural changes.V. Intercultural Communication1.Definition:Intercultural communication is communication between peoplewhose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.2. Forms of Intercultural Communication.1)Interracial communication2)Interethnic communication3)Intracultural communication3.Elements of Intercultural CommunicationPerceptionCultural perceptions are based on beliefs, values, and attitude systems.verbal processes: how we talk to each other and think.。
鄂伦春族英文介绍
鄂伦春族英文介绍篇1The Oroqen ethnic minority is a remarkable group with a rich and unique culture. They mainly inhabit the vast and beautiful regions of the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains. As of now, their population is relatively small, but their presence is significant.The Oroqen language is truly special! How fascinating it is with its distinct sounds and expressions. It reflects their deep connection with nature and history.The area where they live is a wonderland! The Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains offer breathtaking landscapes. The dense forests, clear rivers, and diverse wildlife make it a paradise on earth. The Oroqen people have learned to live in harmony with this nature. They hunt, fish, and gather, respecting the rhythm of the seasons.Isn't it amazing how they have preserved their traditions and way of life over the years? We should all appreciate and protect their precious culture. Let's work together to ensure the continuation of the Oroqen heritage for future generations!篇2The Oroqen people are a remarkable ethnic group with a rich and captivating traditional culture. Their hunting culture is truly fascinating!They have developed unique skills and knowledge in tracking and catching game, which has been passed down through generations. How amazing it is!The songs and dances of the Oroqen people are also a highlight. The lively rhythms and beautiful movements express their emotions and stories. When they perform, it's like a magical scene that draws you in completely.Let's not forget their folk festivals! During these celebrations, the entire community comes together. The joy and excitement are palpable. There are colorful costumes, delicious traditional foods, and cheerful laughter everywhere. Everyone participates in the festivities with great enthusiasm.The Oroqen people's traditional culture is not only a heritage but also a source of pride and identity. Isn't it wonderful that such a rich and vibrant culture still exists today? We should all do our part to preserve and celebrate it.篇3The Oroqen people are a fascinating ethnic group with unique cultural features. Let's take a look at their distinctive clothing and architectural styles! The clothing of the Oroqen people is truly remarkable. The patterns and colors are not just decorations but tell stories of their history and beliefs. For instance, the use of bold red and black colors often symbolizes bravery and strength. Intricate patterns like animal motifs represent their closeconnection with nature. How wonderful and meaningful these designs are!When it comes to their architecture, it shows great wisdom. The traditional houses are typically made of wood and have a special structure. The roofs are designed to withstand heavy snow, and the layout inside is practical and functional. Isn't it amazing how they adapted to the harsh environment?The Oroqen people's clothing and architecture are not only forms of expression but also a reflection of their deep respect for nature and their rich cultural heritage. How can we not be impressed by such a unique and precious culture? We should cherish and protect it for future generations to appreciate and learn from!篇4The Oroqen people, a remarkable ethnic minority in China, have undergone significant developments and changes in modern society! In the past, their lives were closely tied to nature. They relied on hunting and gathering for survival, moving from place to place in search of food and resources. Their traditional dwellings were simple and made from natural materials. But now, things have changed dramatically! Education has become accessible to them, opening up new opportunities and horizons. They have embraced modern technologies and started engaging in various industries and businesses. The younger generation of Oroqen people are pursuing higher education and integrating into the mainstream of society.Their traditional culture, once at risk of fading, is now being preserved and promoted. How wonderful it is to see such a transformation! They have managed to balance the preservation of their heritage with the advancements of the modern world. Isn't it amazing how they have adapted and thrived in the face of change? The Oroqen people have truly shown remarkable resilience and determination in their journey of development.篇5The Oroqen ethnic group is a remarkable community with a rich and profound culture that deserves our deep exploration and appreciation! Their culture is not just a collection of traditions and customs, but a spiritual bond that unites the people.The importance of Oroqen culture in enhancing national cohesion cannot be overstated! It brings people together, fostering a sense of belonging and unity among them. How powerful is this force that makes individuals feel part of a larger family?When it comes to cultural inheritance, the Oroqen ethnic group plays a crucial role. Their ancient stories, exquisite handicrafts, and unique music and dance have been passed down from generation to generation. Isn't it amazing how they manage to preserve these precious treasures through time?The Oroqen people's respect for nature and their harmonious coexistence with the environment also offer valuable lessons for us. Theirwisdom in utilizing natural resources and protecting the ecological balance is something we should learn and follow. How inspiring is their approach?In conclusion, the culture of the Oroqen ethnic group is not only a precious heritage but also a source of wisdom and strength. Shouldn't we make more efforts to protect and promote it?。
最新科学研究成果解读：深入了解未知的世界
最新科学研究成果解读：深入了解未知的世界1. 引言1.1 概述未知的世界永远充满了吸引力和神秘感。
作为人类，我们不断探索新的领域，以理解和揭示这些未知带来的奥秘。
科学研究成果是推动人类认识未知世界的关键驱动力之一。
通过最新的科学研究成果，我们能够深入了解那些以前被视为不可理解或无法触及的领域。
1.2 文章结构本文旨在深入探讨最新科学研究成果，并解读这些成果背后隐藏的未知世界。
文章分为五个主要部分：引言、未知世界的探索、科研突破与发展、未知领域的挑战与机遇以及结论与展望。
每个部分将重点介绍相关方面的内容，从而全面了解科学研究在我们对未知世界中所起到的重要作用。
1.3 目的本文旨在启发读者对于科学研究受益于人类对于未知世界探索意义以及进一步推动其兴趣和参与度。
通过深入了解最新科学研究成果的解读，我们将揭示出未知世界所蕴藏的深奥与神秘，并探索人类对于这些领域的意义和使命感。
希望通过本文的阐述，读者们能够加深对于科学研究的认识，并拓宽关于未知世界的视野。
注意：在文章中具体内容会根据实际情况进行进一步揭示和论述，以更全面准确地呈现相关内容。
2. 未知世界的探索2.1 深海探险之旅深海一直被誉为地球上最为神秘的领域之一。
深海底部覆盖着厚厚的黑暗，温度极低，水压巨大，生物种类繁多而古怪。
近年来，科学家们通过设备和技术的不断发展，勇敢地踏足了这个神秘的世界。
在深海探险中，科学家们发现了许多令人惊叹的新物种和生态系统。
例如，在马里亚纳海沟最深处发现了一个被称为“突变小鳗鱼”的生物。
它拥有特殊适应能力，能够在极端恶劣的环境下存活。
此外，在深海还存在着许多未知的资源。
据科学家估计，深海底部埋藏着大量的矿产资源和能源资源，如碳水化合物和甲烷水合物等。
对这些资源进行开发利用将会给人类带来巨大好处。
2.2 空间科学新发现空间是另一个未知世界的重要领域。
通过探测器和望远镜，科学家们不断地揭示宇宙的奥秘。
最近的研究成果显示，我们的银河系可能存在着大量的行星，其中有一部分具备生命存在的条件。
The-Deep-Structure-of-CulturePPT课件
The Deep Structure of Culture: Roots of Reality
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
S110004:郭彩云
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the Deep Structure of Culture
definition of a culture’s deep structure
the core of a culture’s deep structure
2. A lunchroom fight pitting Arab and non-Arab students turn into an all-out brawl.
3. In 2007, in Darfur, an estimated ten thousand people a month died in the name of ethnic cleansing.
Three Reasons:
• Deep Structure Institutions Carry a Culture’s Most Important Beliefs
• Deep Structure Institutions and their Messages Endure
Deep Structure Institutions and their Messages are Deeply Felt
• Core
Social Organizations (Social Institutions)
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Social Organizations
• Definition Social organizations are the groups that members of a culture turn to for lessons about the meaning of life and methods for living that life.
2.culture_and_communication
Characteristics of Culture
1.Culture Is Learned 文化是人们后天习得的，不是生理 遗传的 2. Culture Is Shared and Transmitted from Generation to Generation 文化在一个群体中具有共享性，是世代流传的 3. Culture Is Based on Symbols文化建立于符号之上 4. Culture Is Ethnocentric文化有本民族文化优越感的倾 向 5. Culture Is Subject to Change 文化是发展变化的
Examples of situations that involve cross-cultural adaptation :
Temporary sojourning, long-term settling, subcultural mobility, cultural change in society.
Throughout the socialization process, we learn and acquire “all the factors and processes which make one human being fit to live in the company of others”.
----费孝通：《美国与美国人》
文化与亚文化：亚文化是一个相对概念，是总体文化的次属
文化。当一个国家内的某种亚文化与主流文化冲突时，这个亚文 化就被称为“反主流文化”。
主流文化
亚文化
地区文化
小群体文化 （不同年龄、职业、 性别群体的文化）
subculture, co-culture, intraculture, nondominant culture
价值观 values
A dualistic (二元的 ) view
Western view is dualistic (viewing mind and body as separate, as well as God and humankind as separate), while the eastern is profoundly nondualistic. The West often perceives the world as being composed of separate pieces to be manipulated and examined: the relation between man and nature. The eastern orientation sees the world as a unit, a world continuously creating and intimately infusing every aspect of the cosmos from its smallest detail to its grandest feature. Human beings are at once body, mind and spirit. Holistic (整体的 )
Байду номын сангаас
Homework
Compare the Chinese world view with the ones we have learned.
What changes have the Confucianism undergone since it was first established?
IC——精选推荐
ICCommunication btw Cultures—Samovar & Porter1.Intercultural communication presents you with achallenge you must meet if you are to become in today’s world. (an effective communicator)2.New and improved , growth in theworld’s , and shifts in the global arena have contributed to increased international contacts. (technology, population, economic)3.Everyone worldwide will be affected by and need tocommunicate about finite and the to help reduce and avoid . (natural resources, environment, international conflict)4.Domestic contacts are increasing becauseand are growing in numbers. (new immigrants, co-cultures)5.All cultures have a culture. (dominant ornational)6.What is co-cultural communication?——Co-cultural communication is communication between members who hold 2 or more cultural experiences that might influence the communicator process.)7.Co-cultural interaction is necessary to fostercohesive relationships between the and the .(dominant, myriad existing co-cultures )8.What is IC?——Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communicatorevent.9.What is communication?——Human communication is the process throughwhich individuals—in relationships, groups, organizations,and societies – respond to and create messages and adaptto the environment and one another.10.What are the principles of communication?①Communication is dynamic; it is ongoing andever changing.②Communication is transitory; once a word isspoken or an action taken, it cannot be retracted.Inattention brings change; inattention pervadesyour communication behavior causing you toshift your attention from idea to idea.③Communication is symbolic;④Communication is systematic and is therefore influenced by setting, location, occasion, time, number of participants, and cultural setting.⑤Communication involves making inferences; wecan only infer what another is experiencing, andwe do this by using the symbols that we andother people have produced.⑥Communication is self-reflective: we can watch ourselves and evaluate how we are communicating while we are doing it.⑦Communication behavior has consequences.⑧Communication is complex; people are alike--in numerous physiological and chemical ways;people are different—your experience of theworld is both internal and unique.11.Hazards of studying intercultural communication:①Individual Uniqueness--Forgetting that each individual is unique and that culture is just one of many factors that influence human behavior.②Objectivity—a lack of objectivity can impede successful IC.12.Culture and communication are so intertwined that it is easy to conceive that (culture iscommunication and communication is culture.)13.What is basic function of culture?——Culture seeks to tell its member what to expect from life, and therefore it reduces confusion and helps us predict future.14.What are the basic elements of culture?①history②religion③values④social organizations⑤language15.What is culture?——Culture is shared learned behavior that istransmitted from one generation to another for purposes ofpromoting individual and social survival, adaptation, andCommunication btw Cultures—Samovar & Portergrowth and development.16.What are the characteristics of culture that mostdirectly affect communication?①culture is learned;②culture is transmitted from generation togeneration;③culture is based on symbols;④culture is dynamic;⑤culture is an integrated process.17.What is perception?——Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our world. Perception is the primary way by which you develop your world view.18.What are values?——Values are enduring attitudes about the preferability of one belief over another.19.There are numerous cultural patterns that can beexamined:①Gannon’s 4-stage model of cross-cultureunderstanding②Trompenaas and Hampden-Turner’s basis ofcultural differences③Groudanona’s cultural typology(类型学)④Weaver’s contrast cultural continuum 20.What are the dominant American cultural patterns?①Individualism②Equality③Materialism④Science and Technology⑤Progress and change⑥Work and leisure⑦competition21.What are the most prominent and diverse culturepatterns that explain both perceptual andcommunication differences?①Hofstede’s values dimension②Kluckhon and Strodtbeck’s value orientation③Hall’s context orientation22.What does Hofstede’s values dimension include?①Individualism and collectivism②uncertainty avoidance③power distance④masculinity and femininity⑤long-term and short term orientation23.What does Kluckhon and Strodtbeck’s value orientation include?①human nature (evil/ good and evil/ goodness)②the perception of nature (human subjects tonature/ cooperation with nature/ controllingnature )③time ( past/ present/ future orientation)④activity (being/ being-in-becoming/ doing orientation)⑤relationships(authoritarian/ collective/ individualism orientation)24.Hall’s context orientation: ①high context ②low context describe the degree to which individuals rely on . (internalized information)25.The deep structure of a culture, which includes such elements as religion, family, and history, is important because:①deep structure carries a culture’s most important beliefs (3 institutions: church, family, state )②deep structure’s messages endure③deep structure is deeply felt (arouse deep and emotional feelings)④deep structure helps supply much of a culture’s identity26.What is world view?——World view is a culture’s orientation toward God,humanity, nature, the universe, life, death, sickness, andother philosophical issues concerning existence. Althoughworld view is communicated in a variety of ways, religionis the predominant element of culture from which yourworld view is derived.Communication btw Cultures—Samovar & Porter27.What are the functions of family?——The family, because it is the child’s first introduction to culture, influences both perception and communication. (Transmitting the culture + transmitting the identity)Family teaches:①gender roles②views toward individualism and collectivism③perceptions toward aging④social skills28.There are 2 types of families:①the family of orientation②the family of procreation29.What are the functions of history？——History, by passing on stories of the past, influences perception and teaches group identity, loyalty, and for what you should survive.30.Why the language is important to human activity?——Because it is how we reach out to make contact with others. It is the primary means of preserving and transmitting culture.31.What are the functions of language?——Language functions to facilitate:①emotive expression②thought/thinking③social interaction④the control of reality⑤the maintenance of history⑥the expression of identity32.It is impossible to separate our use of language fromour culture, because:①verbal process——symbols(words) and soundsfor those symbols vary from culture to culture.The rules (phonology, grammar, syntax, andintonation) for using those symbols and soundsalso vary.②Patterns of thought——language serves as aguide to how a culture perceives reality.③Contextualization——cultures differ in theirinternal cognitive processes④Culture and meaning——the meanings we havefor words are determined by the culture in whichwe have been raised.33.Cultures ―use‖language differently when applied toissues of :●Directness●Social customs●The value placed on ―talk‖/doc/b179542f453610661ed9f458.html nguage Diversity in USA:①Word usage and meaning are learned, and allcultures and co-cultures have special experiencesthat frame usage and meaning.②As the world evolves into a global village, theimportance of international communication andlanguage translation takes on added significance.③African Americans have a distinct languageknown as Ebonics or African American EnglishVernacular(⽅⾔；⼟语), which facilitates thecreation, maintenance, and expression of theirunique culture.④Women’s communication patterns and practicesdiffer in form and substance from those of men——●Communication is a primary way toestablish and maintain relationships withothers;●Showing support for others;●The presence of questions that probe forgreater understanding of feelings;●Conversational maintenance work●Responsiveness● A personal and concrete style●Tentativeness(犹疑语⽓)35.What is alternative language?——Alternative language is a private vocabularyshared by members of the using co-culture. It includes ①argot and ②slang. Examining alternative language helpsto gain insight into a co-culture and its social realities.Communication btw Cultures—Samovar & Porter36.People tend to assume that text in one language can beaccurately translated into another. What are the difficulties in linguistic equivalence?①vocabulary equivalence②idiomatic equivalence③grammatical-syntactical equivalence④experiential-cultural equivalence⑤conceptual equivalence37.Explain the importance of nonverbal communication:①judging internal states——we make importantjudgments and decisions about others based ontheir nonverbal behavior.②creating impressions——we use the actions ofothers to learn about their emotional states.③managing interaction——nonverbalcommunication is culture-bound.38.What is nonverbal communication?——Nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. Nonverbal communication may be both intentional and unintentional.39.What are the 5 basic functions of nonverbalcommunication?①repeating②complementing③substituting④regulating⑤contradicting40.How to study nonverbal communication? And what’sthe meaning of studying nonverbal behavior?①Nonverbal communication is often ambiguous;②We are more than our culture (individual differences);③Nonverbal actions seldom occur in isolation.A.studying nonverbal behavior can lead to the discovery of a culture’s underlying attitudes and values;B.Studying nonverbal behavior can also assist usin isolating our own ethnocentrism.41.In what ways are nonverbal communication and culture similar?①both are learned;②both are passed from generation to generation;③both involves shared understanding42.Classifications of nonverbal communication:①primarily produced by the body:Your body is a major source of nonverbal messages. These messages are communicated by means of:●General appearance and attire●Body movements(kinesics,⼈体动作学)●Facial expressions●Eye contact●Touch●Smell●Paralanguage(副语⾔，对有声语⾔起辅助作⽤,与有声语⾔⼀起构成交际⼿段的总体，指说话的⾳调、⾳量、节奏等)②the individual combines with the setting:●Space——cultures differ in their perception and use of personal space/ seating/ furniture arrangement.●Time——we can understand a culture’s sense of time by learning about how members of that culture view of informal time/ the past/ present/ future, and whether or not their orientation toward time ismonochronic or polychronic.●Silence——not to assume that people are communicating only when they talk; the use of silence varies from culture to culture.43.The communication context refers to(the cultural environment in which communication occurs.)44.Explain the relation between communication and context:Communication btw Cultures—Samovar & Porter①communication is rule governed;②context specifies communication rules;③Communication rules are culturally diverse.45.Rules concerning ①, ②, ③，④can be found in every communicationsetting. (①informality, ②formality, ③assertiveness，④interpersonal harmony)46.In the multinational business area, cultures differ in their approach to ①, ②, and③. (①management, ②business protocol(商务礼仪), and③negotiations)47.International marketing strategies need to adapt to the . (global marketplace)48.As to the domestic market, American workforce is undergoing rapid cultural changes:①the diversity of American society is changing the manner in which companies advertise their products and services;②Cultures differ in their value orientations, and these differences sometimes cause conflict in the workplace. ——racial/ethnic, religious,language discrimination.③Issues such as religious practices, human rights, language diversity, sexual harassment, and sexual and racial discrimination present potential areasof conflict in the workplace.49.Globalism and influence education.(Multiculturalism) /doc/b179542f453610661ed9f458.html cation in a culturally diverse society:①systems of formal informal education seek tomeet the perceived needs of societies;②schools help to fashion the individual;③schools are a primary means by which a culture’shistory and traditions are passed from generationto generation;④schools teach the informal knowledge of aculture;⑤schools are a primary vehicle for teachingcultural values.51.Multicultural education in the USA:①schools in the United States are becomingincreasingly more diverse;②schools no longer teach only Eurocentric culturalvalues; instead, today schools routinely teach theexperiences and values of many cultures;——goals of multicultural education: Engageculturally dissimilar students in understandingand dealing with one another effectively.③Despite improvements in multicultural education,there is sill much controversy about approachesto teaching multiculturally.——approaches ofmulticultural education: learning styles+language diversity.52.Learning styles are particular waysthat . (individualsreceive or process information) ①,②,③, and④learningstyles have a profound impact on classroom learning.(①Cognitive, ②communication,③relational, and④motivational)/doc/b179542f453610661ed9f458.html nguage diversity is an important issue in themulticultural classroom.54.How to achieve multicultural teaching competencies?①understanding diversity;——teachers shouldknow as much about students’backgrounds as possible.②understanding self;——teachers should be awareof what they bring to the classroom.③assessing acculturation（⽂化适应）;——it willhelp teachers to determine how much theirstudents are involved in their own cultures aswell as Anglo American culture.④communication competence;⑤Empathy.——be able to infer the feelings/needsof students.55.Cultures differ in the way they explain, treat, and prevent illness.56.Religious elements of culture account for many of the differences in how people view the world—including views of health. However, religion is not the only worldview that influences health and illness. Thereare 2 pairs of world views:①Dualistic and holistic worldviews—dualistic: distinguishes people from nature and posits a Communication btw Cultures—Samovar & Porter distinct separation of mind and body; holistic:see the world as a unit and take care of the whole person instead of just a part of the person.②mechanistic and nonmechanistic worldviews—mechanistic: the universe is a mechanism that individuals can manipulate it,strong faith in science and technology; nonmechanistic: believe that faith, magic and supernatural forces can be employed as a meansto good health, exemplified by spiritual traditionssuch as Buddhism and Taoism.57.Health belief systems can be divided into 3 categories:①Biomedical—focusing on the objective diagnosisand scientific explanation of disease②Personalistic --- disease is the result of activeintervention by a supernatural being, a nonhumanbeing or a human.③Naturalistic –sickness is a result of impersonalforces or conditions or result from disequilibriabetween the hot and cold elements of the body.58.There is cultural diversity in①beliefs about the causes of illness,②beliefs about the appropriate treatment ofillness,( biomedical, personalistic andnaturalistic)③The approaches to the prevention of illness.59.Religion, spirituality, and health care are oftenintertwined. 60.Health care practices must accommodate a culturally diverse population; issues of ①②③④⑤couldaffect communication in the health care setting :①Family roles—those roles deal with dominancepatterns, modesty and female purity, andpregnancy and childbirth.②Self-disclosure—dictates who can discuss whatwith whom③Language barriers④Nonverbal massages—eye contact, facialexpression, touch, time…⑤Formality—reflected in varying degrees ofpoliteness.61.If optimal health care is to be provided in amultiethnic society such as United States, you mustrecognize:①diverse medical systems,②diverse approaches to treatment, and③personal ethnocentrism.62.The belief that improvement in IC is possible is based on 3 assumptions:①The brain is an open system—the ability of learnnew information about other people and cultures.②We have free choice; -- you do of your own freewill.③Communication has a change/consequence. –You do something to other people.63.What are major barriers/potential problems in IC?①avoidance of unfamiliar—seeking similaritiesand separate you from people with a differenthistory②the desire to reduce uncertainty③withdrawal—rooted in your compulsion to makein-group and our-group distinction④stereotyping—keep you from making fair andhonest judgment⑤prejudice⑥racism—intense racism / symbolic racism/ tokenism/ arm’s length⑦Misuse of power—the ideal power relationshipin IC is not concern with control but to attributeto all groups the credibility that allows thempositive influence in communication.⑧culture shock—it is precipitated by the anxietythat results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse; it is an explicitlearning experience and a strong potential to be multicultural or bicultural; the stage of cultureshock is a U-curve：honeymoon phase——culture shock phase——recovery phase——adjustment phase.⑨Ethnocentrism—the notion that on e’s ownculture is superior to any other and other cultures should be measured by the degree to which theylive up to our culture standards. Ethnocentricjudgments usually involve invidious(讨厌⽽不公Communication btw Cultures—Samovar & Porter正的) comparisons that ennoble ones’culturewhile degrading those of others.64.Intercultural competence is the behavior that isappropriate and effective in a given context, it is the ability of analyzing the situation and selecting the correct mode of behavior. What are the basic components of communication competence?①Motivation—a positive attitude and put forth theeffort②Knowledge—able to do and say the right thing atthe right time③Skills—the specific behaviors you engage in toaccomplish your goals65.Approaches: the intercultural study of communicationcompetence can focus on:①Culture specific—learn all the distinct andspecific communication features of that culture②Context specific—settings such as health caresystem③Culture general—deals with aspects of people’smovement across culture that are common tovirtually all intercultural experiences.66.How to improve intercultural communication?①knowing yourself and culture②considering the physical and human setting③seeking to understand diverse message systems④developing empathy⑤encouraging feedback⑥developing communication flexibility⑦learning to tolerate ambiguity⑧managing conflict⑨learning about cultural adaptation67.What are the guidelines for an intercultural ethic?——Because communication is an activity that has a consequence, we must develop a communication ethic. An intercultural ethic asks you to:①be mindful of the power of communication②respect the worth of all individuals③seek commonalties among people and cultures④recognize the validity of differences⑤take individual responsibility for your actions.68.The future of intercultural communication will face 4 interrelated issues:①an ever increasing amount of contact between people from different cultures②international problems related to violence, world hunger, and pollution③calls for a global culture④an increase in ethic and cultural identity。
深层结构表层结构英语语言学
深层结构表层结构英语语言学English:In linguistics, deep structure and surface structure are concepts introduced by Noam Chomsky in transformational grammar. Deep structure refers to the underlying syntactic and semantic representation of a sentence, which includes the core meaning and grammatical relationships. It represents the abstract, universal aspects of language that are not directly observable in speech or writing. Surface structure, on the other hand, is the actual arrangement of words and phrases in a specific utterance, including all the grammatical features and word order. It represents the visible, concrete manifestation of language that we perceive when listening to or reading a sentence. The relationship between deep structure and surface structure is mediated by transformations, which are rules that derive surface structures from their corresponding deep structures through syntactic operations such as movement, deletion, and insertion. These transformations allow for the generation of different surface structures from a single deep structure, resulting in the diverse range of sentences that can be produced in a language. Through the analysis of deep and surface structures, linguists aim touncover the underlying principles governing language production and comprehension, providing insights into the nature of human language cognition and the universality of linguistic structures.中文翻译:在语言学中，深层结构和表层结构是诺姆·乔姆斯基在转换语法中引入的概念。
平语近人时代前进的号角文化建设观后感
英文回答：The Ping—Song—Song—Song—Song—Song—Song—Song—Song—Sing, a work with deep cultural connotations, demonstrates the importance and urgency of building our culture. The picture of our culture flourishing in the documentary has strengthened our confidence in the full building of a socialist cultural power. In the great journey, it is necessary to keep pace with the times, to connect with the hearts and minds of the people and to speak in plain language. That is the only way to lead the horns of the times forward and to make our national culture more purposeful.《平语近人时代前进的号角》是一部具有深刻文化内涵的作品，展现了我国文化建设的重要性和迫切性。
纪录片所呈现的我国文化蓬勃发展的景象，增强了我们对全面建设社会主义文化强国的信心。
在伟大征程中，必须与时俱进，与人民心连心，平语近人。
唯有如此，方能引领时代前进的号角，让我国文化焕发更加夺目的光芒。
The documentaries show a variety of interesting cultural events, as well as new ideas of culture in various local industries, which give me a sense of the richness and diversity of our national culture. From the transmission of traditional culture to thecreative expression of modern culture, our national culture is dynamic and creative. As a national, I am proud of our cultural traditions and achievements, and I am more interested in the transmission and development of our national culture.纪录片里展示了各种各样好玩的文化活动，还有各地方各行业的文化新点子，让我感受到我们国家文化非常丰富多彩，还有很多特色。
2. Communication and culture
Culture is ethnocentric
Culture is adaptive
Culture is learned
Biological Sneezing
Cultural saying “god bless you” what we eat and how we eat where one sleeps where and how a woman gives birth
Eating Sleeping
Giving birth
Culture is transmitted from generation to generation.
Culture is based on symbols
Culture is subject to change
Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the deep structure of a culture resists major alterations.
How we communicate and what is “said” through communication is determined by and helps define “our culture”. To live in societies and to maintain culture we have to communicate. Culture is learned, acted out, transmitted, and preserved through communication. “In modern society different people communicate in different ways, as do people in different societies around the world; and the way people communicate is the way they live. It is their culture. Who talks with whom? How? And about what? These are questions of communication and culture„ communication and culture are inseparable. (Samovar, Porter, and Stefani, 2000, p.34)
有家的文化 英文
有家的文化英文The Culture of HomeHome is more than just a physical structure; it is a place that holds deep cultural significance and shapes our identity. The concept of home encompasses not only the physical dwelling but also the traditions, values, and social interactions that define our cultural heritage. In this essay, we will explore the multifaceted nature of the culture of home and its profound impact on our lives.At its core, the culture of home is rooted in the way we perceive and relate to our living spaces. Our homes are not merely buildings, but rather extensions of our personal and collective identities. The way we design, furnish, and organize our living spaces reflects our cultural backgrounds, personal preferences, and societal norms. For instance, the layout and architectural styles of homes can vary greatly across different regions, often reflecting the local climate, available resources, and traditional building techniques.Moreover, the rituals and customs associated with home life play a crucial role in shaping the culture of home. From the way we celebrate special occasions and festivals to the daily routines andpractices within the household, these traditions serve as a means of preserving and passing on cultural values. The preparation of traditional meals, the observance of religious or spiritual ceremonies, and the sharing of stories and memories all contribute to the richness and diversity of the culture of home.The sense of community and social interaction that develops within the home environment is another essential aspect of the culture of home. Homes are not merely individual dwellings but rather hubs of social interaction, where families, friends, and neighbors come together to build relationships, exchange ideas, and create shared experiences. The way we welcome guests, interact with our neighbors, and engage in community activities all contribute to the unique cultural fabric of our homes.Furthermore, the culture of home is closely tied to our personal and collective sense of identity. The home environment serves as a safe haven, a place where we can express our individuality, cultivate our values, and pass on our cultural heritage to the next generation. The objects, furnishings, and décor within our homes often reflect our personal and cultural preferences, serving as visual representations of our identity and belonging.Beyond the physical confines of the home, the culture of home also extends to the broader social and geographical contexts in which welive. The neighborhoods, communities, and regions where our homes are situated can significantly influence the cultural practices and customs that we adopt and pass on to our families. The availability of community resources, the diversity of the population, and the local traditions all contribute to shaping the unique culture of home.In conclusion, the culture of home is a multifaceted and complex concept that encompasses the physical, social, and emotional aspects of our living spaces. It is a reflection of our cultural heritage, personal preferences, and collective experiences, shaping our identity and our connection to the world around us. By understanding and embracing the richness of the culture of home, we can enhance our sense of belonging, foster stronger communities, and preserve the diverse cultural tapestry that defines our shared humanity.。
有深厚的历史文化英文作文
有深厚的历史文化英文作文英文，As a history and culture enthusiast, I havealways been fascinated by the deep and rich historical and cultural heritage of various civilizations around the world. The study of history and culture not only helps us understand the past, but also provides insights into the present and future.One of the most profound historical and cultural experiences I have had was when I visited the ancient cityof Rome. Walking through the ruins of the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, and the Pantheon, I was struck by the grandeur and magnificence of the Roman Empire. The intricate architecture, the advanced engineering techniques, and the sheer scale of the structures left me in awe. It was a powerful reminder of the enduring legacy of the ancient Romans and their contributions to art, architecture, and governance.Another significant cultural experience for me was whenI visited the Great Wall of China. As I hiked along the ancient fortifications, I couldn't help but marvel at the ingenuity and labor that went into building such a monumental structure. The Great Wall not only symbolizes China's rich history and cultural heritage, but also serves as a testament to the resilience and determination of the Chinese people.These experiences have deepened my appreciation for the interconnectedness of history and culture. They have also taught me valuable lessons about the importance of preserving and celebrating our heritage. History andculture are not just relics of the past, but living, breathing entities that shape our identities and influence our perspectives.中文，作为一个历史和文化爱好者，我一直对世界各个文明的深厚历史和文化遗产深感着迷。
俄罗斯文学对中国文化的深层影响
The Deep-structure Influence of Russian Literature
on Chinese Culture
作者： 吴俊忠[1]
作者机构： [1]深圳大学比较文学与比较文化研究所,广东深圳518060
出版物刊名： 深圳大学学报：人文社会科学版
页码： 14-21页
主题词： 俄罗斯文学;中国文化;深层影响
摘要：俄罗斯文学是十月革命前的俄罗斯古典文学、苏联文学、以及当代俄罗斯文学的总称。
俄罗斯文学对中国文化的深层影响，经历了不同的历史阶段，主要表现为文学思潮影响、文学接受影响、文艺政策影响和文学精神影响。
影响的长期存在．既有一定历史阶段的国情相似和意识形态相似的因素，也有国别文学彼此影响、交流的内在规律。
影响的结果是在一定程度上设定了中国现当代文学的发展轨迹和中国读者的接受心理，甚至在一定程度上改变了几代人的文化价值观。