中考专项：名词10

名词一、专有名词：1、定义：指一个人或事物所特有的名称，如具体的人物、地点、机构、国家或地区的名称。

2、特点:不能随意更改；专有名词前不加冠词;专有名词中实词的第一个字母例：Mr Brown , Beijing, China, January, Satuarday,Spring Festival, German, Gone with the Wind(飘)二、可数名词：可数名词有单数和复数形式。

1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化：①直接在词尾+s，清辅音后读/s/ ，浊辅音和元音后读/z/②以s, ch, sh, x结尾的单词+es,读/ɪz/例：buses, bosses,dresses,glasses,classes,boxes, foxes(狐狸), watches, matches,churches, sandwiches,brushes,dishes ,wishes,③以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变y为i+es例：city→cities , lady→ladies , baby→babies， family→families, dictionary→dictionaries ，library→libraries, factory→factories country→countries, hobby→hobbies④以f, fe结尾的单词，变f,fe为v +es例：leaf→leaves,thief→thieves,wolf→wolves, shelf→shelves, half→halves,self→selves ，wife→wives, life→lives,knife→knives *特殊：chef→chefs, roof→roofs⑤以o结尾的单词，一般在词尾+s.例：zoos, radios, photos, pianos, kilos*特殊：hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes⑥可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化：第一、child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth， mouse→mice，man→men, woman→women第二、单复数同形：deer,sheep第三、man,woman 作定语修饰名词变复数时也变复数。

例：man teacher→men teachers ， woman driver→women teachers*但如果是其它词修饰名词时，只需要把后面的名词变复数。

例apple tree→apple trees, boy student→boy students★不同国家的人的单复数名称单数复数国名中国人 Chinese Chinese China日本人 Japanese Japanese Japan英国人 Englishman Englishmen England法国人 Frenchman Frenchmen France澳大利亚人 Australian Australians Australia加拿大人 Canadian Canadians Canada美国人American Americans America俄罗斯人 Russian Russians Russia德国人 German Germans Germany考一考：knife______ factory_______ thief_______match______library___________ tomato_________ Japanese_______dictionary______________ shelf______ leaf_________Russian_________ hobby______boy______ potato______三、可数名词的修饰词：many,a lot of, lots of,a number of,some/any, sveral,plenty of,＞1的基数词*三、不可数名词（一）. 不可数名词的量在英语中，不可数名词要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：1、用much, a little, a bit of,a lot of/lots of, some, any, plenty of等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money． There is some milk in the bottle．2、用数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词（例如：a piece of）这类定语，例如：a piece of paper， a glass of water（milk）， a cup of tea★如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea，four pieces of paper，（二）、常见的不可数名词：weather; news; pollution; fun(乐趣); homework; housework; information; noise; help; meat; medicine; advice ; paper; traffic; sugar; money; trouble（三）、有些名词既可数又不可数，但含义有所不同：exercise(锻炼)--- some exercises(练习；训练)work (工作) --- a work (著作)paper(纸)--- a paper(报纸；证件；试卷)wood（木头）--- a wood (小树林)room （空间）--- a room (房间)life (生活)---seven lives(生命)glass(玻璃)--- two glasses (玻璃杯) a pair of glasses(眼镜)time(时间)--- three times (次)chicken; fish; duck/…(肉)--- （动物）（四）、有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数，谓语动词用单数。

physics; news; maths; politics(政治)*四、名词所有格名词所有格的规则如下：1）不以s结尾的单词，+’s，the boy's bag Children’s Day2）以s结尾的，+’如：Teachers’ Day3)无生命的名词由of 构成所有格，a map of China / the world4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词常省略.at the barber's 在理发店at my uncle’s5）表分别所有的人或物时，分别加's；表共有的人或物时，在后者加's.如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）6)时间，距离，国家等无生命的名词也可以加’s构成所有格today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walk7)双重所有格“of + 名词’s”，“of+名词性物主代词”构成,a friend of mine / my father’s我（父亲）的一个朋友达标测评：第一组：( )1．There is some _______ on the plate.A . cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears( )2．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?--- Certainly.A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters( )3. The boys have got already.A. two breadB. two breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread ( )4. The old man wants .A. six boxes of applesB. six boxes of appleC. six box of applesD. six boxs of apples( )5 You can get much ____ about the world Expo on the Internet.A mapB pictureC ticketD information( )6 The customers are pleased with the __ of the restaurant.A balanceB experienceC surfaceD service( )7 I like ___ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A fishB potatoesC noodles( )8 Let’s get some ___ about tourism on the Internet.A informationB messageC invention( )9 ---It’s really hot today. What drinks do we have in the fridge?--- We have some _____ .A noodleB cheeseC sausagesD lemonade( )10 --- Good morning, madam. Can I help you?--- Sure，I’d like ___ for cooking vegetables.A two cups of coffeeB three pieces of breadC one bowl of dumplingD five kilos of oil( )11 ---What’s in the cupboard?--- A few ____, but little _____ .A apples; coffeeB coffee; applesC apple; coffee( )12 ---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?---I’m afraid we have no ___ but to take a taxi.A choiceB decisionC reasonD information( )13 When I hurriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no ___ left on that plane.A placesB seatsC spaceD room( )14 I bought ___ China Daily from a streetcorner machine this morning.A a page ofB a piece ofC a copy ofD a book of( )15 ---Excuse me, could you please move over a little and make some ___ for me? ---Sure.A placesB seatsC roomD ground( )16 When we saw Liu Xiang’s face, we knew __ was bad.A some newsB a newsC the newsD news( )17. There some in the river.A. is, fishB. are, fishsC. is, fishsD. are, fish达标测评：2011年中考题组( )1. I’m too hungry. Please give me ____to eat.A .three bread B. three pieces of breadC .three pieces of breads D. three pieces of bread( )2. The old man used to raise many _____to make a living on the farm.A. duckB. horseC. birdD.sheep( )3.Could you please get me some __ ? I’m hungry.A appleB waterC breadD egg( )4.The doctor told me to eat more ___ because it’s good for my health.A orangeB vegetablesC ice creamD fish( )5.--- I’m going to the supermarket. Let me get you some fruit.----- OK. Thanks for your ____.A offerB informationC messageD order( )6 .---I hear you run for half an hour every day.--- Right. We have to. It is one of the __ in our school.A rulesB plansC hobbiesD choices第二组：( )1.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.A. Mary’s sisterB. Mary sister’sC. Mary’s sister’sD. Sister of Mary’s ( )2. The woman over there is ______ mother.A. Julia and Shelley’sB. Julia’s and Shelley’sC. Julia and ShelleyD. Julia’s and Shelley( )3. He is very tired. He needs ______.A. a night restB. a rest nightC. a night’s restD. a rest of night( )4．---Excuse me，where are _______ offices?---Over there．A．teacher’s B．teachers’C．the teacher’s D．the teachers’( )5．Today is September 10th. It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeacherB. Teachers’C. the Teachers’D. Teacher’s( )6．We’ll have a _____ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two daysB. two-dayC. two-daysD. two day’s( )7．This is my dress. That one is ____.A. MaryB. Mary’sC. sisterD. mother( )8.The village is far away from her indeed. It’s ___walk.A. a four hourB. a four hour’sC. a four-hoursD. four hours’( )9._____ room is big and bright .They like it very much.A.Tom and SamB. Tom’s and Sam C Tom and Sam’s( )10.It is over ____ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing .A .three hours’ drive B. three hour’s driveC. three hours drivesD. three hours’ drives( )11.In ____ time,those hills will be covered with trees .A. few yearsB. a few years’C. a few yearD. a few year’s( )12.—Come and see me in ___ .---- With pleasure . That’s what I’m expectingA. two or three day’sB. two or three day’s timeC. two or three days’ timeD. two or three days’( )13.---Is this your history book ?--- No,__ is in my school bag .Perhaps it’s ____ .A. his,Li Ping’sB. mine, LiPingC. mine, LiPing’s( )14.The PLA man saved three ___ lives in the accident .A. children’sB. childrenC. childD. child’s( )15.----Excuse me ,is the supermarket far from here ?---- No , it’s about _____A. 7 minutes walkB. 7 minute walkC. 7 minutes’ walkD. 7 minute’s walk ( )16.The post card is sent by _____ .A. a friend of my fatherB. a friend of my father’sC. my father friendD. my father friend’s( )17.The tall man with a big nose is _____ teacher .A. Tom and CarlB. Tom’s and Carl’sC. Tom and Carl’s( )18.Did you hear the ____ report ?A. policeB. policemen’sC. policeman’sD. policemen’s( )19.—Whose is this new desk ? –It’s ____ .A. Sue and Jim’sB. Sue and JimC. Sue and Jim’s( )20.The railway station is two ____ from our house .A. hour’s walkB. hours’ walkC.hour-walkD. hours walk。