Lesson 9 A cold welcome

Lesson 9 A cold welcome
一．单词
1.welcome n. 欢迎；v. 欢迎
① n. 欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇/ a warm welcome
② v. 欢迎welcome to+地点
welcome to China；welcome to my home；welcome home；welcome back
③ adj. 受欢迎的
She was a welcome visitor.她是个受欢迎的来宾。

2.crowd n. 人群
n. 人群
There was a crowd of people in front of the playground.市政大厅前有一群人。

①in the crowd 在人群中
I saw him in the crowd. 我在人群中一眼就认出了他
② in crowds 成群地
People came in crowds.人们成群成群地来。

※a crowd of people一群人，没有次序的人群, 拥挤的人群
a group of people一群人，有次序的人群
v.拥挤, 挤满
①vt. 挤满
Passengers crowded the platform.月台挤满了乘客。

②将...塞进
He crowded more books onto the shelf.他向书架上又塞了一些书。

③挤,拥挤
People crowded into the cinema.人们挤进电影院。

The main street be crowded with vehicle every morning .大街上都挤满了车。

3.gather v. 聚集
① vt. 使集拢，集合，召集
He gathered a large crowd of people round him.
② vt 收集，采集，收（庄稼等）
The children are out in the field gathering flowers.孩子们在外面地里采花。

It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.收集所有这些书花了我一辈子
的时间。

③ vi. 集拢，聚集，集合
They gathered under the Town Hall clock.
★collect 通常表示有目的或有挑选的收集，
gather 一般表示由少积多的收集。

He knew I collected birds' eggs…他知道我收集各种鸟蛋……
He collected a lot of valuable stamps.他收集了许多有价值的邮票。

The country girl gathered some firewood.那个农家姑娘拾了些柴火。

4.hand n. （表或机器的）指针
hour hand；minute hand；second hand；
secondhand二手的，旧的，秒针
hand v.
①面交,给,传递
He handed me a glass of beer.他递给我一杯啤酒。

②搀扶
He handed the old lady out of the cab.他将这位上了年纪的女士从车上扶下来。

★ hand的短语
① hands up 举手，举起手来。

Hands up, those who know the answer. 知道答案的请举手。

Hands up and drop your arm. 举起手来，把枪放下。

②hand in 交来，交上去(给老师或上级)。

Hand in your examination papers now, please. 现在请把考卷交上来。

Someone handed this parcel in this morning.一个人把这个包交了上来。

③hand on 传递给另一个人。

Please read this notice and hand it on. 本通知看后请传阅。

Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 请把这本杂志传给你的朋友看。

④hand out 散发，分发。

The teacher handed out the examination papers. 老师分发试卷。

Will you help me to hand out the leaflets at the meeting? 请你在会上帮我把
这些传单发给大家好吗?
⑤hand over 移交，拿给(另一人)。

He has handed over his business to his son. 他已把他的生意移交给他儿子。

The thief was handed over to the police. 这个小偷已经送交派出所了。

⑥shake hands (with sb) (同某人)握手。

They shook hands and entered the hall. 他们握了手然后就进了大厅。

He shook hands warmly with me. 他同我热情握手。

⑦hand in hand 手拉手。

They walked down the street hand in hand. 他们手拉手沿街道走去。

5.shout v. 喊叫
The sick child shouted with pain.那病童痛得叫了起来。

①shout to朝…喊叫
He shouted to his father,but his father didn’t hear him.
② shout at冲某人大喊; 向某人喊; 向某人发怒
He has bad temper, he is always shouting at others.
6.refuse v. 拒绝
① vt. 拒绝（接受、服从等）
She refused the gift.
② vt. 拒不，不肯，不愿
John refused to change his mind. 约翰拒不改变主意。

③ vi. 拒绝，不接受
I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.
对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬，但他拒绝了。

★ deny否认，否决
① deny sth.
He didn't deny the facts.他不否认事实。

② deny doing sth.
He denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。

③拒绝给予;拒绝...的要求
Women were then denied the right to vote.那时妇女被拒给选举权。

ugh v. 笑
① laugh to 对…笑
He likes to laugh to others.
②laugh at嘲笑
He always laughs at others.
二．课文
1.refer 的用法
①把...归因于(to)
He referred all his troubles to bad luck.他将他的一切麻烦都归因于运气不好。

②论及,谈到,提及(to)
In his speech, he referred to the Bible several times.他在演说中好几次提到圣经。

The rule refers only to special cases.这条规则只涉及一些特殊的情况。

③查阅,参考;查询,打听(to)
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.找答案,请查阅书的最后一页。

2.It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time
★ strike v. 打，击；敲，弹（钟，乐器等）
① v. 打，击
She struck the man in the face.
② v. 敲，弹（钟，乐器等）
strike the clock（人）敲钟
Listen, the clock is striking.
strike twelve数字表示敲击的次数
★ strike beat hit的区别
beat强调有规律的敲打，如心跳、雨水敲打窗户、鸟拍打翅膀等；
strike表示“猛击”,“擦燃(火柴)”,“(钟)敲响”
Hit 普通用词，击打
★名词所有格
①表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命
的东西的名词后加 's来表示所有关系
men’s room 男厕所Chairman Mao’s works 毛主席著作
a mile’s distance 一英里的距离 a stone’s throw 一步之遥
the moon’s light 月光
②如果该名词是以-s或-es接尾，则只在该名词后加’来构成所有格。

3 hours’ walk 三小时的路程five minute s’ walk 五分钟路程
two miles’ distance 两英里的距离
③凡不能加’s的名词，都可以与of构成短语，来表示所有关系。

无生命
名词的所有格也可以这么用，如果名词后面有一个较长定语，尽管名词
表示有生命的东西，也可以用这种所有格形式
Does anyone know the title of the novel？有谁知道这部小说的名字？
There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road．在这条路的尽头有一
棵高高的枫树。

Did you listen to the speech of the President Clinton over the radio？
④双重所有格
a friend of my wife’s（我妻子的一个朋友），
a novel of the writer’s（那位作者的一部小说）
a friend of my brot her’s
⑤特殊所有格
若是一样东西为两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则两个名词都用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。

The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alice’s mother．
You should find where Mr．Smith’s and Mr．Black’s cars are．
3.Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.
★Pass 的短语
①经过;超过vi.
You cannot pass. Stop where you are.你不能过去。

原处停下。

②(时间)推移,流逝;变化,转化vi.
The ten days passed quickly.这十天很快就过去了。

③（考试等)及格;通过;被批准v.
The bill finally passed.法案最终通过了。

He passed in German, but failed in English.他德语考试及格了英语没及格。

I passed the exam luckily.我成功地通过了考试。

④终止,消失;离开vi.
The pain passed.疼痛消失了。

⑤通行证;护照;入场证
No pass, no passage.没有通行证不得通过。

★pass 的短语
⑥pass away (时间等)过去, 死亡
She passed away peacefully in her sleep她是在睡梦中安详地过世的
⑦pass by从...旁边经过;避开, 躲开
A bus has just passed by.一辆公共汽车刚刚过去。

You should never let an opportunity pass by.你不应该错过任何机会。

⑧pass down (世代)相传, 传下来
Some of the furniture has been passed down through the family有些家具
是一代一代传下来的
⑨pass out昏过去,分发
He almost passed out with the pain他痛得快要昏了
⑩pass sth on to sb. (用后)传递,传给
I'll pass this book on to you when i've finished with it我看完这本书就给你★ stop 的用法
① stop to do sth.
He stopped to listen to her talking.他停下来听她说话。

② stop doing sth.
Stop talking. 不要说话了。

③ stop sb. from doing sth.
The heavy snow stopped him from coming to our party.那场大雪使他未能前
来参加我们的宴会。

4.but nothing happened.
★happen的用法
①表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”这一
结构来表达，此时主语应是事情。

The story happened in 2003. 这个故事发生在2003年。

An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。

②表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，要用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”这一
结构来表达。

A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她发生了交通事故。

What happened to you? 你怎么啦？
③表示“某人碰巧做某事”，要用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”这一结构来表
达。

I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街
上遇到了我的一个朋友。

④happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时，还可用“It happens / happened
that...”这一结构来表达。

例如：
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.
碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。

It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon.
碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。

注：that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”
结构互换。

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.
= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
5.At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
①at this/that moment在此、那时
②at the moment眼下当前
The number is busy at the moment. Try again in five minutes.
③for the moment 暂时目前
She waited for a moment and left
④at any moment 在任何时候
I will help you at any moment.
⑤ in a moment立刻马上
I'll come in a moment.我一会儿就来.
⑥ for a moment一会儿
We talked for a moment and decided to buy it.
⑦ wait/just a moment稍等一小会儿
Just a moment, Let me take down your name and address.
⑧ the moment...that= as soon as 一...就...
I recognized him the moment that I saw him .我一看见他就认出了他.
The moment the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up.
老师一进教室，学生们就站起来了。

三．语法
引导时间状语的介词in/on/at/during/till与until
1、用in的时间短语有：
①表示一天中的某段时间：in the morning；in the afternoon；in the evening
②表示周、月份、年份：in a week；in January；in Feb；in 1992
③表示季节：in summer；in spring；in autumn；in winter
④ in+表示时间长度的短语可以表示“在某段时间之内”
eg: We will finish class in half an hour.
2、用on的时间短语有：
①表示星期：on Monday；on Friday
②表示日期：on June 1st；on 23rd March
③表示星期+日期：on Monday, June 1st
④表示具体时间：on Wednesday evening；n fine afternoon；on that day
3、用at的时间短语有：
①表示确切的时间：at five to twelve；at ten o'clock
②表示用餐时间：at lunch/dinner time；at tea time
③表示其他时刻：at night；at noon；at midnight；at that time
4、during在……期间，后必须跟一个名词，可以指整个一段时间
I met him sometime during the week.我是在这一周的某天遇到他的。

He enjoyed himself during his holiday.
5、from…till… 指一段明确的时间：
The tourist season runs from June till October.
6、until 直到……时候，直到什么时候为止, 直到什么时候才
I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it.
We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.
7、from…to…
Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30
★关于时间表示方法: What’s the time? /What time is it?
A整点: A o’clock
A点B分（B<30）: A B / B past A
A点15分: A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A
A点30分: A thirty / half past A
A点B分(B>30) : A B / (60-B) to (A+1)
A点45分: A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)
★not any=no <adj.>用在名词前面，no比not any的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是相同的。

I have no friends. == I don’t have any friends.
★ no 的用法
①没有adj.
He has no friends in this city.在这个城市里他没有朋友。

He'll be back in no time.他很快就会回来。

No smoking! 严禁吸烟!
②(用以表示否定的回答)不,不是,没有 adv.
"Is the baby a boy?" "No, it's a girl." "婴儿是男孩吗?" "不,是女孩。

"
③否定;拒绝n.
Did he give a yes or a no to your idea? 他对你的想法表示赞成还是反对?。