研究生英语口语准备资料

1.第一单元2.中国年轻人当中流行有哪些俚语？（列举较多，可从中选出一两个）杯具=悲剧:“Cups” is a pun for “tragedy”.BS = 鄙视: Although this is sometimes BS like the English “bullshit,” sometimes it is used to mean “despise.”餐具=惨剧: “Dining utensils” is a pun for “tragedy, disaster, travesty, calamity”非主流: A person, usually young, who is anti-mainstream/non-mainstream, emo, underground, or alternative. They are usually characterized by their fashion and attitudes about life. A common variant is “FZL.”粉丝:GG = 哥哥雷/偶LZ = 楼主: The person who made the first/original post or started a BBS topic. Often written as “LZ.”囧jiong, in Chinese language looks like a face with embarrassment. It connect word with face and express people’s mood.悲剧：“Cups” is a pun for “tragedy”.餐具：“Dining utensils” is a pun for “tragedy, disaster, travesty, calamity” .打酱油：Get soy sauce. This is a popular internet word that means “none of my business” or “does not involve me”.囧：A popular Chinese character/pictogram often used on the Chinese-language internet to express being shocked, amused, or stupefied. Possibly originated from Taiwan, and similar to “Orz” which looks like a person kneeling/bowing.雷：Literally thunder/lightning, used to express shock or being shocked.沙发：Sofa.” LZ is the topic starter or original poster and thus the “owner of the house.” The first person entering the “house” and replying gets the “sofa.” So “sofa” means the first replier/reply. Sometimes written in English as “sofa.”山寨：it is now popularly used to mean fake, cheap, copied goods.火星人：meaning someone who is out of touch with reality or with current news, events, fashion, trends, culture, etc.粉丝：it also means “fans” because it sounds similar in Chinese.不买账：not to acknowledge sb as senior or superior ; not to believe sth.二愣子：stupid person吊胃口：to whet one's appetite3.俚语对了沟通和交流有哪些影响？或者说对沟通交流有什么影响？对于朋友之间，俚语到底起到什么作用？Slang is a fun way of expressing ages, cultures and places all use different slang. Using slang lets people feel like they belong to a certain group.Youth also use slang to distinguish themselves from other generations. When people get older, they tend to use formal expression.But slang is more lively and trendy. For young people, slang is much cooler than formal expression.When persons use slang with their friends,they are showing that they share social and emotional experience—so slang reinforces their relationships.It shows the user’s fashionable and in tune with the times; It’s a way of reinforcing relationships and communicating effi ciently;It’s fun and entertaining.For our friends, when we use slang, we are showing that we share social and emotional experiences.4.中西方关于俚语，有什么异同点Chinese slangs always exist because of the Pronunciation. The slang and the Extended meaning always homophonic(谐音).For example ,in China，“Cups” is a pun for “tragedy”.and “wash tools” is a pun for “comedy”.some are from the Transliteration,like“cool” is a pun for “ku”in Chinese.Of course，it’s a way of reinforcing relationships and communicating efficiently第二单元1. What is the Murphy’s Law?The context is below: Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. If something is tend to go wrong, no matter how much percentage for its occurrence, it will happen sooner or later.So, nothing is superficially simple can it would cost more time than you thought. The final outcome is failure if it can go wrong.Howver,if you were worried about its happening, if would take place quickly.2. Why does toast falls buttered side sown while each side of a coin is possible to fall down? 为什么面包有奶油一面会一直朝下，硬币两面都有可能朝上According to Murphy’s Law .anything that can go wrong will go wrong. why toast falls buttered-side down ,most people think that there's a 50-percent chance that the toast will land with the buttered-side up, but actually，toast which falls from a table will land buttered-down. That is why something likes a piece of toast falls from a table; its behavior is not random. The rate of spin is controlled by the laws of physics. This is the problem. The rate of spin, that is, how fast the toast spins, is too slow to turn completely around and hit the floor buttered-side up. The rate of spin is determined by the force of gravity. So in a very real sense, the laws of physics, and specifically the rate of spin, make sure that our toast lands buttered-side down almost all the time.3. Can you set an example to prove Murphy’s Law? 举一个例子说明莫非法则If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it.Example: Your pocket has two keys; one is your room, one of the cars, if you want to take out my car key, what will happen? Yes, you often get out of the room key.4. Can Murphy’s Law lead us in our daily life? 莫非法则能不能给我以指导意义Murphy’s Law said that if something can go wrong will go wrong. As a matter of fact that all the things in the world are connected. Something is good to our human beings while something else is not. So we must increase the percentage of good things and decrease the percentage of bad things. Because the Murphy’s Law tells us that all of them will happen ,we can’t stop it but speed them up of slow them down. That is the meaningful aspect of Murphy’s Law for our daily life.第三单元Typles of memoryAs we know,memory is very important in learning,especially in learning English.So,how many typles of memory there are?How do we measure memory?How to remember the words in learning English?How to remember the people’s name?1.three typles of memoryOne of the most common ways to classify memory is based on time and duration of use.So typically,memory is divided into three typles:(1)Sensory memory :Sensory memory holds information for less than half a second.This is just long enough to register animpression on one or more of our five senses-sight,hearing,touch,smell,or taste.(2)Working memory:Working memory allows us to hold on to things for as long as we think about them,that is,as long aswe pay attention to them.It usually lasts only one and one half to two seconds.(3)Long-term memory:Long-term memory is involved with information that’s stored for considerable lengths of time.Itlasts more than one minute.2.three ways of measuring memory(1)Recall:Take out of a sheet of paper.Look at the word list in your text.Read it silently to yourself.Then,close yourbook,write down the words you saw,as many as you can.(2)Recognition:Take out a sheet of paper.Look at the word list.One person resd some words,if you have read it ,writeYES:haven’t,NO.(3)Relearning:Try to memorize a list of words.Then you don’t look at the list for a period of time.After a week,you thenlook at the list a second time and try to relearn it.3.three rules for efficient learning(1)The first rule of efficient learning is that if you study something longer,you tend to learn it more thoroughly.(2)The second rule of efficient learning is that it is better to study briefly but often.(3)The third rule of learning is that it is better to wait before you look at it again than to look at the same word in rapidsuccession.第四单元肢体语言的重要性：In our life, a casual smile, a slight movement, a careless look may determine the success or failure. Undoubtedly , those tiny nonverba communication that we ignore have great magical powers. And just these subtle body languages determine whether we can have the initiative in our hands or be mastered by others in communication.非语言交流在不同文化中的差异：Body language is an important part of nonverbal communication and it is connected with cultureSometimes the same body language has different meanings in different cultures and has different social functions.For example in the usa we make a circle with our thumb and first finger and it means OK in japan however it means money and in south America it has a sexual meaningAccording to Chinese tradition, people who are sitting have right to take charge of others: But in America and Britain, people who are in charge of others have tendency to stand非语言和语言交际之间的不同：Spoken language differ from country to country, emotions are commuinicated in much the same noverbal way throughout the word. We know a lot about the grammar of spoken language but we still don’t know very much about the grammer of nonverbal communicationWe don’t have dictionary for nonverbal communication ,if you go to a foreign country and some body makes a hand gesture you don’t understand there is no dictionary to help you非语言交流在商业谈判中的作用：People use language to express their emotion, but sometimes the words fail to convey the feeling. So we need to use non-verbal behavior to make our intention and expression more full .Under given conditions, body languages can substitute natural languages, and can not be replaced by natural languages.In the communication, non-verbal behavior can maintain and regulate the conduct of communication and strengthen interaction.总结：As an idiom goes “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” It is the main principle in communication. This principle refers that communicators should respect and understand the culture of the other nations, we should know the differences of their customs, beliefs and their connotations of body language.第五单元1、The differences between traditional marriage with modern marriage?A: you know ,several years ago ,our fathers and mothers always decided our lovers, we have not right to choose our true-love, in contrast，we have right to pursuit to my heart girlfriendsB: the style of modern marriage become different from traditional marriage, for example, we have never ride a horse to meet our brides, furthermore, we could holiday-marriage and travel-marriage.C: you are right , the essence of marriage in our heart have huge change , because we deeply know “respect each other” , “loyalty each other”.2、The reason of divorceFirst，the unfriendly relation between Mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is very important factor.Second, with the rapid development of the economy, the number of extramarital affairs increased considerably.Third, after flash marriage, they find that their character are very different, they can not stay together any more.Forth, with the growing rate of domestic violence, so the marriage is difficult to maintain3、The view of flash marriage and flash divorceI believe it is not a good phenomenon，most of flash marriage lead to divorce at the end, which also contribute to the rate of the divorce. Because before they select flash marriage, they lack of sufficient understanding with each other.4、Exogamy is the idea that marriage should take place with someone from outside of our group.On the contrary, Endogamy is the idea that marriage should take place with someone inside our group.5、How do you think about dating show ?A:In my opinion, I think the current TV programs prefer the profits and TV rating than the entertainments.They can use any method regardless of bad or good influence to society. The only final purpose is not to propagate culture but to make money as public media.B: Actually I cannot understand why so many people get so impetuous that they go to abuse the women on the internet. I am among those who just regard it as entertainment. It's uncertain whether we can find true love on the stage, but this stage really enlarge the range of our social circle. So to some extent I'm for it. I think none of those standing on the stage is bad,and they are very brave, confident, independent, strong-minded. In a word, I think most of them are very outstanding。