福建师范大学17年2月课程考试《高级英语阅读(一)》作业考核试题

《高级英语阅读一》试题

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I Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.（结合课文上下文翻译以下句子：出自教材《高级英语阅读一》，第8课，Text A） At the heart of parental loss of control lies the fact that parents today supervise their school-age children less than their counterparts did even ten years and certainly twenty years ago. A new parental casualness is so much the norm these days that only when one compares contemporary children's lives with those of the 1960s and early 1970s does one realize how much earlier the parental reins are loosened today

II Read Lesson 4 Text A， Answer the following questions:：（阅读教材第4课，课文A ,回答问题）

Stress: Some Good, Some Bad

By Jane Brody Stress is a factor in every life, and without some stress life would be drab and unstimulating. Too little stress can produce boredom, feelings of isolation, stagnation, and purposelessness. Stress in and of itself is not bad; rather, it's how you react to the different stresses in your life that matters.

Many people thrive on stress. They find working under pressure or against deadlines highly stimulating, providing the motivation to do their best. And they rarely succumb to adverse stress reactions. To slow such "racehorses" down to the pace of a turtle would be as stressful as trying to make the turtle keep up with the horse. Yet others crumble when the crunch is on or the overload light flashes. Some take life's large and small obstacles in stride, regarding them as a challenge to succeed in spite of everything. Others are thwarted by every unexpected turn of events, from a traffic delay to a serious illness in the family.

What Stress Does

All stress, positive or negative, stimulates a basic biological reaction called fight or flight. This is a hormonally stimulated state of arousal that prepares you to face whatever challenge is at hand, be it your daughter's wedding, a job interview, an argument with your spouse, or the assault of a would-be mugger. The chemical reaction influences your heart, nervous system, muscles, and other organs, preparing them for action.

Problems arise when the stress reaction is frequently called into play for inappropriate circumstances, such as a missed bus, long line, or reservation mix-up,

or when the circumstances of your life result in more stress than you can handle at any one time.

When most people talk about stress, they mean the negative reactions: a churning gut, aching back, tight throat, rapid heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, mental depression, short temper, crying jags, insomnia, impotence, viral infections, asthma attacks, ulcers, heart disease, or cancer.

My stress reaction was headaches. I got them often: when I was writing on deadline, doing a lot of sewing, preparing for a dinner party, driving in heavy traffic. For years I had attributed them to a variety of causes, including eyestrain and allergic reactions to my colleagues' tobacco smoke and to the fumes from my gas stove. But not until I awoke one morning from a bad dream with my teeth tightly clenched did I get a hint of the real reason — a reaction to stress.

Over the next several weeks I realized that whenever I was concentrating hard on something (even opening a stubborn package or chopping an onion) or feeling tense or anxious, I clenched my teeth. After a while the strain on the supporting muscles would result in a headache.

It was an unconscious reaction, a habit that I was finally able to break m with the aid of my dentist—by becoming acutely aware of it and making a conscious effort to relax my jaw when formerly 1 would have tightened it. Now tension headaches, which account for 80 percent of the head pains that afflict Americans, rarely sneak through my surveillance.

Dr. Donald A. Tubesing, psychologist from Duluth, Minnesota, and author of Kicking Your Stress Habits, likens stress to the tension on a violin string m you need "enough tension to make music but not so much that it snaps."

Whereas some stress reduction programs offer only techniques to induce relaxation, Dr. Tubesing's simply written self- help guide helps you get to the roots of your stress reactions and modify them. He points out that most stress is not the result of great tragedies, but rather an accumulation of minor irritations that "grind us down over the years." He tells you how to recognize the sources of those irritations and what to do about them.

For example, he points out, stress is inherent not in an event but rather in how you perceive that event; by modifying your perceptions, you can reduce your stress. Let's say you just missed your bus. You could focus on the fact that you'll be late for work (stressful) or on the fact that you'll now have time to read the paper (not stressful). He cautions against spending "10 dollars worth of energy on a 10-cent problem". Before you gear up for a battle, stop and think: is the threat real? Is the issue really important? Can you make a difference? Dr. Tubesing's guide helps you to identify