初升高英语衔接语法专题：句子的成分、结构、种类
初升高英语暑假衔接第1部分-专题14.句子的成分及结构(学生版)
句子的成分及结构（初高考点差异及衔接）初中要求学习的基本句子成分包括：主谓宾，定状补；我们学习的句子结构主要是主谓宾和主系表；我们学习的句子类型主要是简单句和并列句。
高中要求学习基本句子成分在分析长难句中的运用，侧重于培养综合能力。
把学到的知识灵活运用到对语言、文章的理解中，不断提高分析判断能力、逻辑思维能力和语言运用能力。
【初中代词考点聚焦】简单句的6种基本结构1.S +V +P主+系+表2.S +V +O 主+谓+宾谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
eg:Who knows the answer?She laughs at her.3.S +V 主+谓此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
eg :Time flies.Class begins!4.S +V +IO +DO 主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
eg:She passedhim a new dress.I toldher nothing.5.S +V +O +OC 主+谓+宾+宾语补足语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意完整。
eg:We keepthe table clean.They paintedthe door green.6.There be 句型1.They work hard.2.The flower is dead.3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.6.Many animals live in trees.7.The cake tastes delicious.8.Classes begin at eight every day.9.They haven't decided where to go next.10.Jim cannot dress himself.11.Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.12.Shall I call you a taxi?【高中代词考点聚焦】简单句的八种基本句型英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型
初高中衔接句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
专题 2 句子成分和结构 -2023年暑假初升高英语衔接宝典(新高一适用)
专题2句子的成分与结构知识对接接点1句子成分英语的句子成分主要有七种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
除了这七种主要成分之外，还有同位语和独立成分的说法。
其中独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。
接点2简单句的五种基本结构1.句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种句子结构的基础。
2.五种基本句型结构如下：①S V(主＋谓)He never lies.他从不撒谎。
②S V O(主＋谓十宾)I like apples very much.我非常喜欢苹果。
③S V IO DO(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)My parents bought me a new backpack.我父母给我买了一个新书包。
④S V O OC(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)I saw a boy playing basketball.我看见一个男孩正在打篮球。
⑤S V P(主＋系＋表)The milk went sour.牛奶变味了。
注：主语(Subject)谓语(Predicate)宾语(Object)定语(Attribute)状语(Adverbial)补语(Complement)表语(Predicative)难点突破突破1主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(如the rich)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等。
Tom is a clever boy.(人名作主语)拓展训练用下划线画出下列句子的主语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn't at home is not true.答案:1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular,(名词短语)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(It为代词，作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式)9.That he isn't at home is not true.(主语从句)突破2谓语谓语通常由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。
初中高中英语衔接课 - 句子成分
The weather has turned hot. The speech is exciting. It looks interesting.
predicative
（五）定语：修饰 修饰名词、代词的成分
限定 称为定语。用于限定名词的性质 ,特征, 数量,状态,类别等内容. 翻译成“…的” Two maps Two large new maps Two large new maps of the world. 两张 大的 新的 世界的 地图 China is a developing country. There are thirty women teachers in our school. attribute
subject
（二）谓语：用于说明主语的动作,状
态，特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面。谓 语由动词(包括be动词)，动词词组（及其 各种语态和时态）构成。例如： He opens the door. You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold. She was reading a book. predicate
sentence elements
定义: 组成句子的各个组成部分叫 句子的成分:
主语,谓语, 宾语,表语,
定语,状语,补语
（一）主语：句子说明的主体和对象。一般 位于句首。最常见由名词、代词充当，例如：
Our English teacher likes singing. We often speak English in class.
object complement
状语种类如下：
We meet at six?
时间状语
初高英语衔接《英语句子成分及基本结构》
（动词不定式）
5 Swimming is good for our health. (动名词）
6.What we need is food. （句子）
7.The poor are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容词)
找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. To talk with you is a great pleasure 3. Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.
不定式）
找出下列句子的表语
• 1. We are the master of our future. • 2. The old man felt very sad. • 3. Our country will become stronger • 4. My father kept silent. • 5. Your words seemed right. • 6. The drink tastes quite wonderful. • 7. In spring the trees turn green.
• 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单 词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
• 大多数主语都在句首。
1 The room is very clean.
（名词）
2 We often speak English . （代词）
3 Eight is my lucky number. （数词）
4 To teach them English is my job.
habit. • 6. We must study English very hard. • 7. Our country will become stronger. • 8. The train had left by 10 last night.
初中英语句子成分结构
初中英语句子成分结构
句子的成分结构包括以下几个部分：
1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或被动作用的人或事物。
例如：John is studying English.（John是主语）
2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中描述主语动作、状态或存在的部分。
例如：They are playing soccer.（are playing是谓语）
3. 宾语（Object）：句子中受到动作影响或动作的承受者。
例如：She bought a book.（a book是宾语）
例如：He is a teacher.（a teacher是补语）
5. 状语（Adverbial）：句子中用来修饰动作、地点、时间、方式等的部分。
例如：He runs quickly.（quickly是状语）
6. 定语（Attributive）：句子中用来修饰主语或宾语的部分。
例如：The tall boy is my brother.（the tall boy是定语）
7. 系动词（Linking verb）：句子中连接主语和主语补语的动词。
例如：She is happy.（is是系动词）
8. 助动词（Auxiliary verb）：句子中用来辅助构成各种时态、语态等的词。
例如：He is going to the park.（is是助动词）
9. 独立结构（Independent structure）：句子中与其他成分无从属关系的结构。
例如：Yes, I will.（Yes是独立结构）
以上是句子的基本成分，不同句子可能会有不同的成分结构，句子的复杂程度也会影响成分的数量和种类。
初高中英语衔接 句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词．．充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：I am reading. Y ou are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
初高中英语的衔接--句子的基本结构：简单句、并列句和复合句
基础语法（句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句）一、句子成分概述（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）成分导图概览：【例句】主语：Two thirds of the water is absorbed.谓语：1、简单谓语：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：You may keep the book for two weeks.【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。
如：We are students.表语：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）宾语：T hey went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）定语：G uilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）状语：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）【巩固训练一】一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（＝）、谓语（—）、宾语（～）：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we haveto water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs alongchannels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语[ ]、补语< >：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Pleasegive my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where二、句子的种类（一）句子的分类导图【例句】判断下列句子所属：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in classHow clever the boy is!He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。
初中升高中英语语法知识衔接 专题一 英语句子成分
专题一英语句子成分一、定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
1．主语(The Subject)主语是一个句子叙述的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者是什么情况。
能够充当主语的词通常有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词ing形式等，也可由从句来作主语。
To say it is one thing；to do it is another.说是一回事；做是另一回事。
(不定式作主语)What we can't get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们拥有的更好。
(从句作主语)2．谓语(The Predicate)谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语的动作、特征、行为或存在的状语。
谓语通常由动词或短语动词来充当，具有各种时态、语态和语气的变化，前面还可以加上助动词或情态动词等。
The room can hold twenty people.这屋子可容下20个人。
My legs gave out after the long trip.长途跋涉后我的腿筋疲力尽了。
3．表语(The Predicative)表语用来表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，一般跟在连系动词之后，一起构成系表结构。
可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句等。
He is a light eater but a heavy sleeper.他这人饭吃得少却很能睡。
Keep still while I photograph you.我在给你照相时你不要动。
That's where I was born.那就是我出生的地方。
4．宾语(The Object )宾语在句中充当动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后，表明行为动作的支配对象。
可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词ing 形式或从句等。
初升高衔接——英语句子成分解析
英语句子成分解析1、主语(subject)2、谓语(predicate)3、宾语（object）4、表语（predicative）5、定语（attribute）6、状语（adverbial）7、补语（complement）8、同位语（appositive）1、主语(subject)是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体，它的位置一般在一句之首，可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1. Our master is very kind.2. He is a good boy.3. Teaching them English is her job.4. To work with them is very interesting指出下列句中的主语① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2、谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。
1．由简单的动词构成。
(1). He worked hard all day today.(2). The plane took off at ten o’clock.2．由动词短语构成的谓语。
(1). I am reading.(2). You can do it if you try hard.3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。
初升高英语衔接语法部分---句子成份,简单句,并列句,复合句
初高中英语衔接之语法基础第一节句子成分句子由句子成分组成。
句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
一.主语Subject主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。
它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。
请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。
Knowledge is power.She is a small eater.Three will be enough for us.The injured _____ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .To see ___ to believe._____ (read) books is my hobby._______ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.改错1. Visit a museum excites teenagers.2. Disabled should be respected.3. Our school has taken place great changes.二、谓语Predicate谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。
谓语有以下几种基本情况1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。
Everything ____ (go) smoothly last month.Thousands of trees _______(plant) every year.They ______(finish) the work so far.They _________(swim) in the river now.2.情态动词+动词We must study English hard.Water can be dangerous.You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.May I come in?I may go with you, but I'm not sureShe cried her eyes out. Something terrible must _____(happen).The experiment can _________ (complete) on time.3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。
初中英语句子结构和句子成分讲解
初中英语句子结构和句子成分讲解句子结构是指句子的组成方式。
英语句子通常由主语、谓语和宾语组成。
句子的结构可以分为简单句、复合句和并列句。
1.简单句：由一个主语和一个谓语组成，能够独立表达完整的意思。
例如：She sings.（她唱歌。
）2.复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成，使用连词连接。
例如：I will go to the store after I finish my homework.（完成作业后我将去商店。
）主句：I will go to the store.从句：after I finish my homework.3.并列句：由两个或多个主句组成，使用连词连接。
例如：I like to swim, and my brother likes to play basketball.（我喜欢游泳，我弟弟喜欢打篮球。
）主句1：I like to swim.主句2：my brother likes to play basketball.句子成分是句子中的各部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
1.主语：句子中执行动作的人或事物，可以是一个名词、代词或名词短语。
例如：Mary is a teacher.（玛丽是个老师。
）主语：Mary2.谓语：句子中描述主语动作或状态的部分，通常是一个动词。
例如：They are swimming.（他们在游泳。
）谓语：are swimming3.宾语：接在动词后面的部分，表明动作的对象。
例如：He eats an apple.（他吃一个苹果。
）宾语：an apple4.表语：在系动词后面，用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态。
例如：She is a student.（她是个学生。
表语：a student5.定语：用来修饰名词或代词，对其进行限定或说明。
例如：The blue car is mine.（蓝色的汽车是我的。
）定语：blue6.状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、原因等情况。
英语初升高新高一衔接课程第8讲 语法：句子成分分析
学一学一、基本句型一：主语+谓语主语+不及物动词。
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
【例句】The sun rises. 太阳升起来了。
主语谓语二、基本句型二：主语+谓语+宾语主语+及物动词+宾语。
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫作及物动词。
【例句】I know your name. 我知道你的名字。
主语谓语宾语三、基本句型三：主语+系动词+表语主语+连系动词+表语。
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫作连系动词。
系动词分为两类：be，look，keep，seem等为一类，表示情况；get，grow，become，turn等属另一类，表示变化。
be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作业。
其他系动词仍保持其部分词义。
【例句】The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。
主语系动词表语四、基本句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
间接宾语前需加to的常用动词有：allow，bring，deny，give，leave，lend，offer，pass，pay，permit，promise，refuse，send，show等。
【例句】My mom passed me the book.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语= My mom passed the book to me. 我妈妈递给我这本书。
初高中英语衔接_句子成分
补足语：用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状 态。分为宾补和主补。
主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. （双宾语） me 间接宾语 表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。 a novel 直接宾语 表示动作的直接承受者或结果。
形式宾语：若宾语是动词不定式，动名词或从
句，可用it作形式宾语代替其位置，而将其到宾补之 后。
子，汉语中常用‘„„的’表示。
①Mary is a chemistry teacher.（名词作定语） ②He is our friend. （代词作定语） ③We belong to the third world. （数词作定语） ④He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （形容词作定语） ⑤The man over there is my old friend. (副词作定 语)
I found it difficult to finish the task in time. Do you consider it any good sending more people there? We have made it clear that we disagreed.
定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句
表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如be,become)之后，
初升高英语无忧衔接(通用版) 专题07 句子成分、类型与长难句分析【课件】(共69张PPT
• （3）由系动词加表语构成。如：
•
we are students.
• 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（三）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 _____词后也会跟宾语。
动词/动词短语
介词
• She covered her face with her hands.
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting.
3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
名词
形容词 介词短语
to do 不定式 现在分词 doing
done 过去分词
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的
复合结构
六）宾语补足语
• 宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾 语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起 构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let， help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。 “宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、 介词短语充当。例如：
5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We fou（nd不e定ve式ry短th语in）g in the lab in good order.
（现在分词）
（介词短语）
八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足 语相应地变为主语补足语
初高中英语衔接教学专题之英语句子成分
初高中英语衔接教学专题之英语句子成分初高中英语衔接教学专题之英语句子成分（简单句的翻译）一．句子成分的定义与分类1、定义组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，常包括主语、谓语（主要由动词充当）、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
2、分类其中，主语、谓语（主要是动词）、宾语、宾语补足语及表语称为句子的基本成分。
而定语及状语称为句子的附属成分。
1 主语：表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当。
如： Lucy is an American girl.We study at Zhuhai No.1 Middle School. The rich should help the poor. Reading makes a man full.That he are always late makes me angry. To learn English well is easy for you.2 谓语：说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样。
谓语部分主要的词是动词。
谓语在人称和数方面必须和主语一致。
The sun rises in the east. He likes English. Her parents are workers. She is running. 3 宾语：表示动作或行为的对象。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和vt（及物动词）一起来说明主语做什么。
如： He often helps me. We study English at school.4 宾语补足语：表示宾语的身份、状态、特性或宾语所做的动作。
由名词、形容词、不定式、或介词短语和分词充当。
I’ll have my hai r cut tomorrow. His parents named him Jim.We found the book very interesting. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio5 表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样。
高中英语 初高中衔接-词类,句子成分,句子结构
十大词类英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类，即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词(interjection)。
一、名词(n.)1.专有名词：表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。
如：Tom，the Great Wall，the Spring Festival，France，the United States)2.普通名词：（1）可数名词：①个体名词：表示一类人或物的个体。
如：boy，desk，cat，window②集体名词：由若干个体组成的集合体。
如：family，class，police（2）不可数名词：①物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物。
如：water，paper，silk，money②抽象名词：表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。
如：work，happiness，music，difficulty，housework(二)名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：(1)规则变化：①绝大多数名称在词尾加s。
例如：book——books，dog——dogs，pen——pens，boy——boys②以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加es。
例如：beach——beaches，brush——brushes，bus——buses，box—boxes，watch — watches ③以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加es。
例如：city——cities，family——families，country——countries④以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加es。
例如：wife——wives，leaf— leaves，half——halves，knife—knives，thief--thieves （2）不规则变化：①改变单数名词中的元音字母。
初高衔接英语句子成分
句子成分英语的基本成分有七种：英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
一：ＳＶ二：ＳＶＰ三：ＳＶＯ四：ＳＶｏＯ五：ＳＶＯＣ基本句型一：ＳＶ1. The sun│rose.2. Who │cares?3.They │talked for half an hour.4. The pen │writes smoothly5.Twenty years is a short time in history.6.Seeing is believing.7.To see is to believe.8.What he needs is a book.9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等，表情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表变化。
be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
感官动词多可用作连系动词：look well/面色好, sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner │smells │good.3. Everything │looks │different.4. His face │turned │red.5. The picture is │ on the wall.6. Is your father │ in?7. Your job is │ to look after my baby.8. His suggestion is that we should stay calm.There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。
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句子的成分和基本句型
句子成分：
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:
Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词
．．充当。
例如：We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如：
I am reading. Y ou are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.
三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。
例如：
Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如：
He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语直接宾语
四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
例如：
My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。
They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。
She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
例如：
This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
Are these students your classmates? （代词）这些学生是你班的吗？
Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
I have something important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The people here are very friendly.（副词）这里的人们非常友好。
注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。
而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。
可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。
例如：
You are quite right .（副词）你非常正确。
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike.(介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介词短语）她将于星期一到达北京。
He stopped to have a look. （不定式短语）他停下来看了看。
七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。
宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
例如：
We call her Xiao L i.
宾语宾语补足语
You must keep the room clean and tidy.
宾语宾语补足语
John asked me to help him with his Chinese.
宾语宾语补足语
I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
宾语宾语补足语
We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just n ow.
宾语宾语补足语
句子成分巧记歌诀
主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。
句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。
定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。
主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。
Exercises:
指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。
1．We all study hard at English.
A. 主语
B. 谓语
C. 宾语
D.表语
2．Betty likes her new bike very much.
A. 主语
B.谓语
C.宾语
D.表语
3．My brother is a policeman.
A. 主语
B.谓语
C.宾语
D.表语
4．Were you at home last night?
A.定语
B.状语
C.宾补
D.表语
5．Winter is the coldest season of the year.
A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语
6．He often walks in the park.
A.定语
B.状语
C.宾语
D.表语
7．Mary asked me to help her yesterday.
A.定语
B.状语
C.宾补
D.表语
8．He bought me a nice present last week.
A.宾语
B.直接宾语
C.间接宾语
D.宾补
9．His parents are doctors.
A.宾语
B.表语
C.谓语
D.定语
10．I’ll get you some tea now.
A.宾语
B.直接宾语
C.间接宾语
D.宾补
11．My mother told us an interesting story last night.
A.表语
B.直接宾语
C.间接宾语
D.宾补
12．He has read the book twice.
A.主语
B.谓语
C.表语
D.宾语
13．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.
A.表语
B.谓语
C.宾语
D.定语
14．Do you have something to eat ?
A.状语
B.定语
C.宾语
D.宾补
15．We made him our monitor.
A.宾语
B.定语
C. 状语
D.宾补
简单句的基本句型：
由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。
根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：
1．S＋V;（主语＋不及物动词）
I can swim. 我会游泳。
主语谓语（不及物动词）
Everything changes. 万物都在变。
主语谓语
The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。
主语谓语
2．S＋V＋O;（主语＋＋及物动词＋宾语）
I like English. 我喜欢英语。
主语谓语宾语
They are reading books . 他们在看书。
主语. 谓语宾语
He bought a computer last week. 他上周买了台电脑。
主语谓语宾语
3．S＋V＋P;（主语＋连系动词＋表语）
My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。
主语谓语表语
She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。