daniels_ib14inppt_09 Global Foreign Exchange Markets
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daniels_ib14inppt_14 Direct Investment and Collaborative Strategies
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14-11
Why Companies Collaborate
Learning Objective 3: To understand the major motives that guide managers when choosing a collaborative arrangement for international business
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14-12
Why Companies Collaborate
Collaborative Arrangements and International Objectives
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Non-Collaborative Foreign Equity ArFra bibliotekangements
Learning Objective 2: To comprehend why and how companies make foreign direct investments
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14-17
Types of Collaborative Arrangements
国际谈判第十四章PPT
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
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9. Remember that rationality and fairness are relative 10.Continue to learn from the experience
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
7.Actively manage coalitions Negotiators should recognize three types of coalitions and their potential effects: (1) coalitions against you, (2) coalitions that support you, (3) loose, undefined coalitions that may materialize either for or against you. Strong negotiators need to monitor and manage coalitions proactively, and while this may take considerable time throughout the negotiation process it will likely lead to large payoffs at the implementation stage.
Negotiation epitomizes lifelong learning. The best negotiators take a moment to analyze each negotiation after it has concluded, to review what happened and what they learned. We recommend a three-step process: • Plan a personal reflection time after each negotiation. • Periodically “take a lesson” from a trainer or coach. • Keep a personal diary on strengths and weaknesses and develop a plan to work on weakness.
daniels_ib14inppt_16 Marketing Globally
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16-12
Pricing Strategies
Potential obstacles in international pricing
Government intervention Set minimum or maximum pricing Prohibit certain pricing practices Market diversity Consumers may be willing to pay higher prices
International Business
Environments & Operations
14e
Daniels ● Radebaugh ● Sullivan
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16-1
Product Price Promotion Place
However, some or all elements may need to be adapted to better fit local markets
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lower cost better quality at local level common global image rapid entry into multiple countries translation legalities market needs
daniels_ib14inppt_11 The Strategy of International Business
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11-10
The Firm as a Value Chain
The value chain
the set of linked activities the company performs to design, produce, market, distribute, and support a product Primary activities design, make, sell, and deliver the product Support activities implement primary activities
11-13
Managing the Value Chain
Learning Objective 3: To assess how managers configure and coordinate a value chain
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the measure of a firm’s capability of selling what it makes for more than the costs incurred to make it A cost leadership strategy make products for a lower cost than competitors A differentiation strategy make products for which consumers are willing to pay a premium price
商务英语课程课件Unit14GoingGlobal共31页文档
14.1.2 Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions.
1) Why does Mr Brook find it difficult to describe what it is like doing business with the Chinese? Because in China there’s still no commonly shared perception of what’s reasonable or normal in international business, so standards and expectations vary widely from place to place.
Management contracts
Indirect exporting Piggybacking
Trading companies Export management companies
Domestic purchasing
Manufacturing Own subsidiary
Acquisition Assembly
◆ Warm-up Practice ◆ Listening Task ◆ Speaking Task ◆ Reading Task
◆ Writing Task ◆ Follow-up Practice
We need to discuss some questions
about what we are going to learn in this
unit.
Sure, that’ll help us understand better about what we are
当代全球商务课件
1 什么是全球化？several facets, including the globalization of markets and the globalization of production.市场全球化是指历史上很清晰，分散的各国市场与巨大的全球化市场融合的过程。
生产全球化指的是企业在全球范围的不同地方，利用各国在生产要素的成本和质量(如劳动力，能源，土地和资本)方面的差异，寻觅货物，服务源头的一种趋势。
4Globalization, Jobs, and IncomesGlobalization, Labor Policies, and the EnvironmentGlobalization and National SovereigntyGlobalization and the World’s Poor跨国公司指跨国公司就是指具有全球性经营动机和一体化的经营战略，在多个国家拥有从事生产经营活动的分支机构，并将它们置于统一的全球性经营计划之下的大型企业。
政治经济体制是指调一个国家政治，经济和法律体制不是相互鼓励的，它们相互作用，相互影响，并影响着经济水平的高下。
collectivism as opposed to individualism. The second is the degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian.民主指一种政治体制，政府是由人民直接或者通过选出的代表来决定的。
8 集权主义是指一种政权形式，由一个人或者一个政党对人民各个方面实施控制，且禁止其他对立党的存在。
集体主义refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individualgoals.个人主义refers to a philosophy that an individual should have freedom in his or her economic andpolitical pursuits.代议民主制在代议民主制社会中，公民定期选出个人来代表他们，这些人再选出代表，形成代表全体选民意志的政府。
国际金融课件(约瑟夫 P.丹尼尔斯)
• In other words, policymakers should adopt either a rigid peg or a pure float.
Liberalization and Financial Crises
• Both portfolio flows and FDI flows have their benefits and risks.
• Portfolio Investment
– Involves the acquisition of foreign financial assets that results in less than a 10 percent ownership share in the entity. Hence, portfolio flows can reverse direction quickly, generating financial instability.
• This view was that countries should not necessarily fix or float. Rather, they should have a firm commitment to one end of the spectrum or the other.
International Capital Flows
• Growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most important developments in international capital markets.
• An FDI inflow is an acquisition of domestic financial assets that results in foreign residents owning 10 percent or more of a domestic entity.
Liberalization and Financial Crises
• Both portfolio flows and FDI flows have their benefits and risks.
• Portfolio Investment
– Involves the acquisition of foreign financial assets that results in less than a 10 percent ownership share in the entity. Hence, portfolio flows can reverse direction quickly, generating financial instability.
• This view was that countries should not necessarily fix or float. Rather, they should have a firm commitment to one end of the spectrum or the other.
International Capital Flows
• Growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most important developments in international capital markets.
• An FDI inflow is an acquisition of domestic financial assets that results in foreign residents owning 10 percent or more of a domestic entity.
国际会计 第14版英文版课件_pp01
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Table 1.9 Share of the world’s top 100 MNEs by revenues, 2018
Source: Prepared by the authors from Fortune Global. 500.
Table 1.1 GlaxoSmithKline reconciliations of earnings to US GAAP
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Table 1.2 GlaxoSmithKline reconciliations of shareholders’ equity to US GAAP
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Table 1.6 Foreign company listings on major stock exchanges, August 2018
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Copyright © 2020, 2016, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Table 1.8 Accumulated stock of outward FDI as a percentage of GDP in 2005 (selected countries)
Table 1.9 Share of the world’s top 100 MNEs by revenues, 2018
Source: Prepared by the authors from Fortune Global. 500.
Table 1.1 GlaxoSmithKline reconciliations of earnings to US GAAP
Copyright © 2020, 2016, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Table 1.2 GlaxoSmithKline reconciliations of shareholders’ equity to US GAAP
Copyright © 2020, 2016, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Table 1.6 Foreign company listings on major stock exchanges, August 2018
Copyright © 2020, 2016, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2020, 2016, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Table 1.8 Accumulated stock of outward FDI as a percentage of GDP in 2005 (selected countries)
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Foreign exchange market
Exchange rate
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9-5
Players On The Foreign Exchange Market
Foreign Exchange Markets: Turnover by Counterparty
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9-8
How To Trade Foreign Exchange
Dealers can trade foreign exchange
Using electronic methods (41.3%) Directly with customers (24.3%) Through the interbank market (18.5%) Through voice brokers (15.9%)
Learning Objective 2: To identify the major characteristics of the foreign-exchange market and how governments control the flow of currencies across national borders
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9-6
Players On The Foreign Exchange Market
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) divides the market into
International Business
Environments & Operations
14e
Daniels ● Radebaugh ● Sullivan
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9-1
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9-17
Major Foreign Exchange Markets
Foreign exchange dealers quote rates
Bid (buy) rate the rate at which traders buy foreign exchange Offer (sell) rate the rate at which traders sell foreign exchange Spread the difference between bid and offer rates
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9-4
What Is Foreign Exchange?
Foreign exchange
money denominated in the currency of another nation or group of nations where foreign exchange transactions take place the price of a currency
Reporting dealers Financial institutions Nonfinancial institutions
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9-7
Players On The Foreign Exchange Market
Global OTC foreign exchange instruments include
Spot transactions Outright forward transactions FX swap Currency swaps Options Futures contracts
Learning Objective 3: To describe how the foreign-exchange market works
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9-9
How To Trade Foreign Exchange
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9-16
Size, Composition, and Location of the Foreign Exchange Market
Foreign Exchange Markets: Geographic Distribution
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9-15
Size, Composition, and Location of the Foreign Exchange Market
Global Foreign Exchange: Currency Distribution
European terms (indirect quote)
Base currency Terms currency
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9-19
The Forward Market
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9-18
Major Foreign Exchange Markets
American terms (direct quote)
the number of dollars per unit of foreign currency the number of units of foreign currency per dollar
the U.S. dollar is the most important currency on the foreign-exchange market London is the main foreign exchange market in the world
The most commonly traded currency pairs are EUR/USD and USD/JPY
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9-13
Size, Composition, and Location of the Foreign Exchange Market
Market size is $4 trillion daily
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Introduction
Learning Objective 1: To learn the fundamentals of foreign exchange
Chapter 9
Global Foreign Exchange Markets
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9-2
Learning Objectives
To learn the fundamentals of foreign exchange To identify the major characteristics of the foreign-exchange market and how governments control the flow of currencies across national borders To describe how the foreign-exchange market works To examine the different institutions that deal in foreign exchange To understand why companies deal in foreign exchange
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9-12
Global OTC Foreign Exchange Instruments
Foreign Exchange Markets: Turnover by Instrument
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